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1
Bellahsene, Tarik Pinon Pierre. "La colonisation en Algérie". Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/BellahseneThese1.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Architecture : Paris 8 : 2006.Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Le complément de titre connaît plusieurs variantes. Le complément de titre retenu est celui de la thèse imprimée et non celui indiqué sur l'écran-titre : "les cas des centres en Kabylie du Djurdjura, 1857-1899, une illustration de la plaine vers la montagne". Bibliogr. [20] p. en fin du tome I. Notes bibliogr. Lexique.
2
Déry, Steve. "La colonisation agricole au Vietnam". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/NQ48535.pdf.
Testo completo
3
Inglis, Timothy J. J. "Colonisation of the ventilated airway". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259486.
Testo completo
4
Richards, Luke. "Pneumococcal colonisation models of the nasopharynx : the role of virulence factors and host immunity during colonisation". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9411.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The human nasopharynx is the most important ecological niche for Streptococcus pneumoniae and the establishment of nasopharyngeal carriage is an essential pre-requisite to invasive pneumococcal disease. Virulence factors which mediate long term carriage and the immunogenicity of individual bacterial components are of interest to the development of vaccines which currently fall short of protecting against >90 known serotypes of pneumococci. This thesis contains a long term mouse model of nasopharyngeal carriage conducted in outbred mice, using both wild type and attenuated isogenic mutant pneumococcal strains. Whilst serotype-2 (D39) and serotype-3 (A66) pneumococci were carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx for at least 21 days, mutants that lacked neuraminidases, PspA and pneumolysin were cleared from the nasopharynx <14 days. Both the carriage of WT-D39 and the clearance of the pneumolysin negative (PlnA-) were associated with the generation of serum IgM anti-capsular antibody, and IgG anti-PspA, which correlated to bacterial numbers in the nasopharynx. Carriage also stimulated anti-capsular IgA in the cervical lymph nodes, and a local macrophage cellular response. Using attenuated carriage it was possible to model the effects of subsequent exposure to pneumococci, in the form of future carriage events and invasive disease. Prior colonisation significantly shortened the duration of carriage from >28 days to <14 days within the same serotype however, both the polysaccharide capsule and conserved protein antigens contribute to protection. Colonisation could also protect mice from a normally fatal invasive challenge with both D39 and A66. Immune sera alone from previously colonised mice was able to delay onset of fatal pneumonia, however the presence of both PspA and capsule antigens were not indispensible to the protection in this instance. Taken together, the results in this thesis support existing data about the immunogenicity of capsule and conserved proteins which may inform the creation of novel and more efficacious pneumococcal vaccines.
5
Picard, Aleth. "Villes et colonisation : Algérie : 1830-1870". Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120062.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La colonisation de l'algerie par la france au debut du xixeme siecle se traduit, quant a l'amenagement du territoire, par des travaux de transformation des villes existantes et par la fondation de centres de colonisation et de villages agricoles. Le reseau de villes, mis en oeuvre par les ingenieurs du genie (service responsable de l'ensemble des travaux civils et militaires), constitue un corpus d'une vingtaine de villes. Ce travail presente une analyse annee par annee des projets a partir des archives du genie de vincennes. La lecture des plans et des apostilles des ingenieurs militaires nous renseigne tant sur les methodes de travail de ce corps que sur la conception de la ville au xixeme siecle et le fait colonial lui meme. Ces realisations, quoique tres differentes, prefigurent deja les travaux haussmanniens de paris et des principales villes de france et les interventions, bien plus tardives, sur les villes des protectorats et des colonies francaises du debut du xxeme siecleFrench colonisation in algeria at the begining of the ninetheenth century resulted, as far as national developpement is concerned, in convention works of existing towns and in the creation of settlements and agricultural villages. The towns network, set up by the military engineerin (service responsable for all the civil and military works) consists in an about twenty towns corpus. This work presents a project's analysis year after year based on vincennes military engineering archives. Plans and apostils reading of military engineers provides information on this body's working methods as well as on the urban design ine the ninetheenth century and on colonial matter. Although they are quite different, these projects announce already haussmann's works in paris and in the main french towns as welle as the operations made much later on french protectorates and colonies at the begining of twentieth century
6
Wong, En En Hazel. "Host epithelial responses to Neisserial colonisation". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Neisseria meningitidis is a bacterium that colonises the human nasopharyngeal mucosal surface. Occasionally, it can migrate from the nasopharynx to cause potentially lifethreatening meningitis and septicaemia. In contrast, closely related bacteria such as Neisseria lactamica, colonise the nasopharynx but do not cause invasive disease. Interaction differences between N. meningitidis and N. lactamica with the human host at the colonisation stage are poorly defined. I hypothesise that early interactions of N. meningitidis and N. lactamica with respiratory epithelial cells are associated with differential host cell responses, and that these may be capable of altering the outcome of the interaction. Experiments were undertaken to describe the interactions of N. meningitidis and N. lactamica with a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Association and invasion studies indicated a similar extent of association and invasion of N. meningitidis and N. lactamica. Human epithelial gene expression profiles in response to N. meningitidis and N. lactamica were determined using a genome wide microarray platform. Comparison of live and dead bacteria enabled the identification of host responses specifically to live Neisseria while comparison of the N. meningitidis capand pilE- mutants allowed the identification of host responses to non-capsule and pili factors, such as secreted proteins. Selected genes were further verified at the transcript and protein level. Host metabolic and energy production processes were associated with both neisserial species, suggesting that both N. meningitidis and N. lactamica utilise host resources for energy. In contrast, the data indicated that while N. meningitidis down-regulates host defence genes, N. lactamica initiates a proinflammatory response, suggesting specific colonisation processes that may lead to different clinical outcomes. Treatment of the epithelial cells with neisserial secreted proteins showed that they may be directing some of these differential responses, suggesting novel mechanisms for modulation of the host response.
7
Lara, Oruno Denis. "Caraïbes en construction : espace, colonisation, résistance". Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE2011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Histoire des Caraïbes. Espace insulaire et continental. Préhistoire et protohistoire. Conquêtes et rupture. Résistance des Karibs. Pillage, traite négrière et système esclavagiste. Destruction du système colonial à partir de 1791 (Saint-Domingue). Abolition de l'esclavage dans les colonies britanniques et françaises. Lutte armée à Cuba (1895-1898). Économie et dépendance au XXe siècle. Dictatures. L'espace de Marcus Garvey. Les Caraïbes en guerre. La révolution cubaine. Fédération des West Indies. Black power. Crise économique et endettement. Les amérindiens. L'engrenage du sous-développement. La mer en héritagesHistory of the Caribbean. Islands and continental space. Prehistory and protohistory. Conquest and breaks. Karib resistance. Robbery, slave trade and slave system. Destruction of the colonial system since 1791 (Santo Domingo). Abolition of slavery in the british and french colonies. Armed struggle in Cuba (1895-1898). Economics and dependance during the XXth century. Dictatures. Marcus Garvey's area. The Caribbean in the IId world war. The cuban revolution. Federation of the West Indies. Black power. Economic crisis. Amerindians. Under-development. The legacy of the sea
8
Poncelet, Marc. "Sciences sociales, colonisation et développement : une histoire sociale du siècle d'africanisme belge". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL12005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le champ belge des etudes en developpement est l'heritier direct des sciences coloniales, institution savante tres specifique du royaume, institution nee de et autour de l'unique colonie : le congo. Colonie capitaliste par excellence, celui-ci fut investi d'emblee du schema du developpement. C'est autour de ce dernier que s'organiserent les infrastructures savantes propres a l'outre mer, que s'accumula le patrimoine africaniste. Mettre ces connaissances en perspective ainsi que les aleas de leur legitimite et leur perilleuse reconversion requiert principalement l'explication sociologique des procedures etablies et socialisees de production d'une "science congolaise en metropole" selon des axes disciplinaires, ideologiques et institutionnelsThe belgian development studies are rightful heir to colonial social sciences. This scientific institution is born and grow up with the lonely colony : the belgian congo. Capitalist in the higher sense of the word, congo has been immediately perceived under development scheme. Throughout this concept was built scholar institutions specially dedicated to aversea and the african scientific patrimony. An outlook of the knowledge, of his legitimacy process, of this perilous redeployment need a sociological explanation of established and socialized proceedings and dealings of production of congolese science in the mother country following the greatest kinds of instituted knowledge, ideologies and scholar institutions
9
Saïdi, Hédi. "Société, économie et colonisation d'une région en Tunisie pendant la colonisation française : Dar Elbey de 1880 à 1919". Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA08A003.
Testo completo
10
Sanford, Jane. "Shipping sheep : a zooarchaeology of Greek colonisation". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244937.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This PhD thesis (totaling approximately 55,000 words) argues for the value of biometric studies of domesticates as a means by which to examine controversial questions in archaeological research. Taking the Greek colonisation of southern Italy and the Adriatic coast of Croatia as case studies faunal material was examined from Greece and both of these areas to determine what data domesticates could provide as to the scale and process of Greek colonisation in these regions. Distinct varieties of sheep and cattle were identified from Greece through bone measurements. These Greek livestock could then be traced to colonies in Italy, although not necessarily in Croatia. It was argued from the scale of evidence for domesticate translocation it Italy that a substantial majority of settlement in these colonies came from settlement relocation of families or groups from Greece, but that some indigenous or “other” variety livestock were included in the domesticate makeup of each colony site. Some provisional data from Archaic and later indigenous sites from Italy suggested that Greek livestock varieties were traded throughout the colonial landscape. Data from Croatia was less clear, as no conclusive evidence for Greek livestock translocation to colonies could be found. Likewise, no evidence was found of trade in Greek livestock varieties with indigenous settlements.
11
Akers, D. E. "Colonisation of sugar beet by Myzus persicae". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235344.
Testo completo
12
Twomey, Anne Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The de-colonisation of the Australian states". Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/35217.
Testo completo
13
Demay, Aline. "Tourisme et colonisation en Indochine (1898-1939)". Thèse, Paris 1, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10096.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Comment le tourisme s’est-il développé dans un territoire en pleine expansion coloniale ? Comment tourisme et colonisation se sont-ils conjugués ? Quel lien peut-on établir entre ces deux dynamiques ? C’est ce à quoi cette thèse tente de répondre en démontrant l’instrumentalisation du tourisme par les politiques coloniales. Elle se divise en sept chapitres abordant successivement le transfert des pratiques touristiques de l’Europe à l’Indochine, leurs implantations, leurs intégrations aux politiques de mise en valeur des années 1920, les conséquences spatiales de leurs implantations (construction de voies de communication et d’hébergements hôteliers) et la communication instaurée par l’Etat pour promouvoir l’Indochine comme une destination touristique auprès des Indochinois comme des touristes étrangers.How did tourism develop in a rapidly expanding colonial territory? How were tourism and colonization combined? What links were established between these two processes? These are the questions that this thesis addresses by demonstrating the exploitation of tourism by colonial policies. This thesis is divided into seven chapters dealing successively with the transfer of European tourism practices to Indochina, their location, their integration into the politics of territorial development in the 1920s, the spatial consequences of their implementation (construction of roads and hotel accommodation), and the attempts of the State to promote Indochina as a touristic destination for both Indochinese and foreign tourists alike.
14
Dawson, Helen Sarah. "Island colonisation and abandonment in Mediterranean prehistory". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383657/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis studies the colonisation and abandonment of Mediterranean islands in prehistory by placing them within a comparative framework. The geographical scope is pan-Mediterranean and chronologically it encompasses prehistory from the time when the earliest-known human records are found on a few islands to the time when most Mediterranean islands had been colonised (approximately from the end of the Pleistocene to the end of the Iron Age). By questioning established geographical boundaries and chronological restrictions and by incorporating recent theoretical advances in island archaeology, this thesis provides alternative explanations to colonisation paradigms prevalent in the 1980s and 1990s, expanding these to include considerations of abandonment and recolonisation. After investigating leading theoretical approachesto colonisation and abandonment, the study reviews the bulk of available publications on Mediterranean islandbased projects from the past ten years, and presents a series of revised colonisation and abandonment dates and models for the islands. At a broader level') these new data indicate the need for clearer distinctions between different types of island-human interaction (e. g. visitation, utilisation, occupation, establishment, abandonment, and re-colonisation). The thesis therefore also analyses - through a series of case studies - how human activity on islands varied spatially and temporally and potential reasons behind different colonisation and abandonment processes. The resulting observations are placed against the backdrop of the changing palaeogeography of the prehistoric Mediterranean, by taking into account changes in sea levels and in the islands' environments, and contextualised within the broader scheme of reference of Mediterranean prehistory.
15
Cohen, J. M. "Colonisation-induced protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae disease". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1124359/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Streptococus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen, yet in most individuals it establishes only transient nasopharyngeal colonisation without causing disease. Using murine models, this thesis explores the hypothesis that colonisation induces acquired immune responses which protect against subsequent pneumonia. Colonisation models with wild-type (WT) and mutant S. pneumoniae were established in outbred CD1 mice. Mutants lacked either capsule or lipoproteins, or were auxotrophs unable to replicate in vivo. WT colonisation protected against subsequent pneumonia. Mutants were cleared more rapidly than WT, were not immunogenic and did not protect. When the auxotroph was supplemented, colonisation, immunogenicity and protection were improved, suggesting duration of a colonisation event is an important factor in determining immunogenicity. This may be one factor explaining the poor immunogenicity of the other mutants. The mechanism by which previous colonisation protected against subsequent lethal pneumonia was then defined in a series of studies in inbred CBA/Ca mice. Colonisation induced both mucosal and systemic antibody responses to bacterial surface antigens but not capsule. There was also evidence of more robust cytokine production during subsequent pneumonia, including systemic and mucosal IL-17 responses dependant on the presence of CD4-cells. Protection was primarily against systemic invasion following pneumonia. Passive transfer studies and experiments using genetically modified mice demonstrated that systemic antibody was both necessary and sufficient to protect, and in vitro and in vivo models showed this to be via opsonophagocytosis and bloodstream clearance of bacteria. Antigenic protein targets of protective serum were defined using Western blotting and multiplex bead immunoassay techniques. Overall this thesis demonstrates that nasopharyngeal colonisation can protect against lethal pneumonia in mice via opsonophagocytic antibody against surface proteins thus preventing bacteraemia.
16
Phan, Hien Diem. "La colonisation française, et le droit vietnamien". Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0915.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le droit français s'est infiltré au Vietnam presque aussi rapidement que la langue française. Depuis l'éclosion de son premier droit écrit, l'étude du droit vietnamien ne peut être séparée de celle de ses origines et des nouvelles valeurs occidentales qu'on y décèle. Pendant la période coloniale, plusieurs codes - tels que le code civil, le code de procédure civile et commerciale, le code de procédure pénale et le code pénal -ont été promulgués dans les trois "pays" vietnamiens (Cochinchine, Annam, et Tonkin). Tous ces textes s'inspiraient très fortement des codes français. Les Accords de Genève de 1954 sur le Vietnam ont consacré la reconnaissance des droits nationaux fondamentaux - indépendance, souveraineté, unité et intégrité territoriale - du peuple vietnamien. Dès lors, du point de vue des législations et des juridictions, les nouveaux codes vietnamiens sont rentrés plus nettement encore dans la famille des codes d'inspiration occidentale, mais non anglaise, pour ne pas dire qu'ils sont d'inspiration française. Suivant cette évolution, après avoir décrit les institutions législatives vietnamiennes pendant la colonisation française, il conviendra de présenter les versions successives du droit vietnamien ainsi que le plan de l'évolution et du développement actuels du système législatif jusqu'en 2010French law infiltrated Vietnam almost as quickly as French language did. Since the eclosion of its first written law, the study of the Vietnamese law can’t be separated from the study of its origins and of the new western values that can be detected in it. During the colonial period, several codes - such as the civil code, the commercial law and civil law procedure, the criminal law procedure and the penal code - have been promulgated in the three Vietnamese “countries” (Cochinchina, Annam and Tonkin). All these texts were heavily inspired by French law. The 1954 Geneva Agreements on Vietnam have recognised the fundamental national rights - independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity - of Vietnamese people. Since then, with regard to legislations and jurisdictions, the new Vietnamese codes belonged even more clearly to the codes with a western - but non English - influence, not to say with a French influence. Following this evolution, after having described the Vietnamese legislative institutions during French colonisation, it should, then, be appropriate to present the successive versions of the Vietnamese law and also the contemporary evolution and development plans of the legislative system until 2010
17
Matos, Fábio Emanuel Lopes de. "Colonisation of artificial substrates in chemosynthetic ecosystems". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/903.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mestrado em Ecologia, Biodiversidade e Gestão de EcossistemasA região do Golfo de Cádiz é caracterizada pela presença de vários vulcões de lama com diversas características geológicas. Estas estruturas têm sido alvo de investigação nos últimos anos nas áreas de geologia e ecologia. O presente trabalho visa o estudo dos processos de colonização em quatro desses vulcões recorrendo ao uso de dispositivos de colonização (CHEMECOLI) preenchidos com substratos orgânicos (madeira e alfalfa) e inorgânicos (carbonatos). Conjuntos de três CHEMECOLI, cada um com um tipo de substrato, foram depositados ao longo de um gradiente de profundidade: Mercator (354m), Meknès (698m), Darwin (1100m) e Carlos Ribeiro (2197m). No Mercator, três sets foram colocados com o objectivo de estudar a sucessão ecológica da comunidade de macrofauna. Dois desses conjuntos já foram recolhidos e analisados assim como cada um dos sets colocados no Meknès e no Darwin. O tempo de imersão variou entre 10 meses e dois anos. A biodiversidade de metazoários recrutados foi estudada com particular interesse pelas espécies de bivalves e poliquetas quimiotróficas. Em todos os dispositivos de colonização houve recrutamento independentemente da duração da experiência. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre as comunidades dos diferentes substratos. Os substratos orgânicos foram mais densamente colonizados que os carbonatos. Na alfalfa os grupos de invertebrados mais abundantes foram os anfípodes e os poliquetas enquanto as amostras de madeira foram densamente colonizada por bivalves perfuradores de madeira. Espécies quimiotróficas, na sua maioria bivalves das famílias Solemyidae e Mytilidae, foram recrutadas com sucesso quase exclusivamente nos substratos orgânicos. O recrutamento de espécies características do ambiente circundante foi reduzido. ABSTRACT: The Gulf of Cadiz encompasses around forty mud volcanoes, with diverse geological settings, which have been the focus of geological and ecological surveys in the last years. The present study includes a combination of site surveys and replicate colonization experiments (CHEMECOLI) using organic (wood and alfalfa grass) and inorganic (carbonate) substrata in some of this chemosynthetic ecosystems. Sets of CHEMECOLI, each with one of the three substrates, were deployed in four mud volcanoes along a depth gradient: Mercator (354m), Meknès (698m), Darwin (1100m) and Carlos Ribeiro (2197m). In Mercator three sets were deployed in order to illustrate temporal variations of the assemblages. Two sets from Mercator and the ones from Meknès and Darwin were already recovered and analysed. The immersion times range from 10 months to two years. The biodiversity of the recruited metazoan, with particular attention to bivalve and polychaetes symbiotic species, are being analysed. The recruitment of metazoans was successfully recorded in all the CHEMECOLI independently of the duration of the experiments. Significant differences were observed between the substrate. The organic substrates were more densely colonised than the carbonates. In alfalfa grass, the amphipods and polychaetes are the most abundant groups while the wood experiments are densely colonised by wood-boring bivalves. Chemotrophic species, mostly Solemyid and Mytilid bivalves, were recovered mainly in organic substrates and the recruitment of background taxa was generally low.
18
Fung, Kenneth Ka Ho. "Galactic Colonisation: General Relativistic Interstellar Trajectory Optimisation". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15981.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A vast wealth of literature exists on the topic of rocket trajectory optimisation, particularly in the area of interplanetary trajectories due to its relevance today. However, a large proportion of the research is focused on using a specific propulsion system, and is almost exclusively conducted using Newtonian mechanics. Studies on optimising interstellar and intergalactic trajectories are usually performed in flat spacetime using an analytical approach, with very little focus on optimising interstellar trajectories in a general relativistic framework. This thesis examines the use of low-acceleration rockets to reach galactic destinations in the least possible time, with a genetic algorithm being employed for the optimisation process. The fuel required for each journey was calculated for various types of propulsion systems to determine the viability of low-acceleration rockets to colonise the Milky Way. To limit the amount of fuel carried on board, it was found that an antimatter propulsion system would likely be the minimum technological requirement to reach star systems tens of thousands of light years away. However, using a low-acceleration rocket would require several hundreds of thousands of years to reach these star systems, with minimal time dilation effects since maximum velocities only reached about 0.2c. Such transit times are clearly impractical, and it was concluded that low-acceleration rockets are not a viable candidate for galactic colonisation. High accelerations, on the order of 1g, are likely required to complete interstellar journeys within a reasonable time frame. To minimise fuel consumption, the propulsion system would likely need to be more advanced than an antimatter drive, though such a claim would require further research.
19
Martin, Christophe. "Altérité et domination : du saisissement de l'autre-indien à la mise en place du pouvoir colonial dans le Tawantinsuyu (le récit colonien de la fin du XVème siècle et les récits de l'invasion du Tawantinsuyu au XVIème siècle)". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070049.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La decouverte de cristobal colon en 1492 va imposer a l'occident chretien une redefinition complete de l'homme et du monde. En repoussant les limites du monde connu elle permettra tout d'abord de dessiner a nouveau les cartes des cosmographes. Le monde clos sera ouvert, vaste, et possiblement infini. Mais c'est surtout l'aboutissement lui-meme du voyage qui, de facon profonde et irrevocable, mettra en cause les certitudes dur l'espace de vie des societes humaines. Cet aboutissement est la rencontre avec l'autre, c'est-a-dire tant les terres du "nouveau monde" que ceux qui les habitent, e que colon appelera "indiens". Le regrd de colon et de ses compagnons se portera sur l'aspect physique de l'autre-indien. Ce dernier sera d'abord saisi dans sa realite apparente, immediatement perceptible. Cette figure de l'alterite va s'organiser autour de codes de la comprehension de l'autre, herites de traditions mythologiques anciennes: il s'agit des mythographies des monstres (definies par des auteurs classiques des antiquites grecque et romaine), et des mythographies des pays imaginaires (atlantide, el dorado. . . ). La fusion de ces figures de l'alterite donnera une grille de lecture a un nouveau continent qui, pour l'occidental, n'en a pas encore. Ces elements qui font la perception de l'autre constituent ensemble une ideologie de l'alterite. C'est le recit de voyage de colon qui servira ici de base a une telle perspective. Les decouvreurs, une fois devenus conquerants, vont alors elaborer une serie de regles de la comprehension de l'autre-indien. L'ensemble reposera sur la cupidite, la quete du pouvoir, la propaChristopher colombus discovery in 1492 will impose a thorough re-definition of man and the world to christian western europe. By enlarging the limits of the known world, it will first enable people to draw anew the cosmographers'maps. The enclosed world will be open, vast and perhaps boundless. But it is chiefly the outcome of the journey wich, in a deep and irrevocable way, will question the certainties about the spaces of life of human social groups. This outcome is the encounter with the other; this other standing for the lands of the new world as well as for their inhabitants, and who will be called "indians" by colombus. The latter will first be seized in his apparent reality, immediately perceptible. This physical apparence of otherness will become organized round codes of the understanding of the other, inherited from ancient mythological traditions wich refer to the mythographies of monsters (defined by classical authors of greek and roman, antiquities) and the mythographies of imaginary lands (atlantis, el dorado. . . ). The blending of these faces of otherness will give a new continent a reading code, wich is not yet the case for western europe, at that time. These elements wich constitute the perception of the other, assemble together to make an ideology of otherness. It is the text of columbus' journey account that will be used as a basis for such perspective. The discoverers once they became conquerors, will then work out a
20
McFeat, Lin Gillian. "The architecture of colonisation : the concept of depiction : Colon : the colonisation of a(a)rchitecture : the depiction of the concept". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1432.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliography. This thesis examines deconstructive writings, employing those strategies as a basis for re-forming approaches to architecture. A theory is posited that a distinction must be made between architecture as idiom and architecture as medium, expressed as a separation between architecture as a built form, Architecture the Idea and A(a)rchitecture as a new direction for framing an approach to its discourse.
21
Pope, Christopher E., e n/a. "Campylobacter jejuni : virulence, dosage, survival, and colonisation characteristics". University of Otago. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.141243.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a previous study, twenty-five flaA types were detected among 200 Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from clinical and poultry meat sources.
The most common flaA type detected among poultry isolates was flaA-3 at a frequency of 23%. In contrast, flaA-3 constituted 5% of the clinical isolates. FlaA-15 was detected most frequently among clinical isolates (31%) but rarely among poultry isolates (5%). Purchasers of poultry meat were therefore commonly exposed to flaA-3 yet most of the human infections were due to flaA type 15. The prevalence of different flaA types in poultry and humans might have been due to: FlaA-15 was more virulent for humans than flaA-3 (infection more likely to result). There were more C. jejuni flaA-15 cells on poultry meat (dose effect). Better survival of flaA-15 cells when freeze/thawed or when stored at +4�C (survival in kitchen). Ecological performance of flaA-3 strains in chicken gut better than that of flaA-15 (more flaA -3 cells in gut therefore greater chance of carcass contamination)?
Eleven strains representing flaA types 3, 13, and 15 were tested for their ability to invade cultured human epithelial cells (HEp-2). Invasiveness was considered to reflect virulence. FlaA-15 isolates were more invasive in comparison to flaA-3 and flaA-13 isolates (p<0.0001).
Washings from chicken portions were cultured to enumerate Campylobacter cells present on the meat. C. jejuni isolates were flaA typed and the numbers were related to FlaA type. A correlation was not detected.
The eleven representative strains were used to inoculate 1 cm� sections of chicken skin which were stored at -20�C or +4�C over a five day period. The samples stored at -20�C were thawed and held either overnight at 25�C, overnight at +4�C or for thirty minutes at 25�C. The numbers of viable Campylobacter cells on the sections were determined. Survival ability differed from strain to strain but was not associated with flaA type.
The most invasive C. jejuni strain (T1016; flaA-15) and the least invasive strain (Pstau; flaA-3) were assessed for their ability to colonise the intestinal tract of one-day-old chicks. The dynamics of colonisation, after inoculation of the birds with pure cultures or with mixtures, was monitored by real-time quantitative PCR. Strain-specific primers based on the variable region of the nucleotide base sequence of flaA genes were derived for this work. This enabled the individual strains to be enumerated in gut contents from colonized chickens. Both strains could colonise the chick intestinal tract but C. jejuni strain T1016 (flaA-15) could competitively exclude PStau (flaA-3).
It was concluded that the higher prevalence of flaA-15 strains among the clinical isolates was due to its higher virulence for humans. In other words, despite a low prevalence of flaA-15 on poultry meat, infection was more likely to result when C. jejuni flaA-15 cells were consumed.
22
Eales, Jacqualyn. "Evolutionary genetics of early colonisation in Caribbean Anolis". Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446545.
Testo completo
23
Bond, Ross. "Malassezia pachydermatis colonisation and infection of canine skin". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309511.
Testo completo
24
Al-Osaighari, Suhair Wadeea Abbood. "Colonisation of model oral biofilms by Streptococcus mutans". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3934.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dental plaque is a mixed-species microbial biofilm that forms on tooth surfaces. Incorporation of acidogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans within the biofilm results in development of carious lesions. This research project aims to establish a reproducible model of early colonising oral bacteria and use it to assess S. mutans integration into biofilms. The Modified Robbins Device (MRD) was used to develop mixed species biofilms from Streptococcus gordonii DL1, Actinomyces oris MG1, and Veillonella parvula PK1910, with or without 0.1% sucrose. These biofilms were challenged with S. mutans UA159 or GS5. Quantitative PCR and a variety of microscopic imaging approaches were used to assess the structure and stability of early coloniser biofilms and to study S. mutans incorporation. Reproducible and stable early coloniser biofilms were established. The presence of sucrose had no effect on biofilm formation. Challenging preformed biofilms with S. mutans had no effect on the early coloniser species, but resulted in differences in the appearance of biofilm matrix. Significant differences were observed between S. mutans strains: after 24 h S. mutans UA159 was about 20-fold more abundant in the biofilm than S. mutans GS5. The impact of extracellular DNA on S. mutans GS5 colonisation was studied by replacing the wild-type S. gordonii with a mutant disrupted in the ssnA gene encoding an extracellular deoxyribonuclease. There was no significant difference in S. mutans between preformed biofilms with wild-type and mutant S. gordonii, indicating that SsnA does not play a role in determining S. mutans colonisation in this system. A reproducible system for culturing early coloniser oral biofilms has been established here that will be useful for further investigations of biofilm colonisation by oral bacteria. Differences in the ability of different S. mutans strains to colonise may be further explored through targeted mutagenesis to find key factors responsible for colonisation.
25
Ihraï-Aouchar, Amina. "Colonisation et transformation d'une société : l'Outat (Haute-Moulouya)". Bordeaux 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR3ET08.
Testo completo
26
Bakalti, Sallouha. "La femme tunisienne pendant la colonisation (1881-1956)". Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette etude analyse la situation de la femme tunisienne (musulmane) pendant la colonisation francaise (1881-1956). Deja, a la fin du xixeme siecle, le theme de la femme et de sa place dans la societe commencait a poindre dans le monde musulman. Les reformateurs politiques, les elites intellectuelles engageaient la reflexion. Puis, le fait colonial joua un role determinant dans le processus d'evolution des mentalites et de la societe en general en tunisie, car il apporta un nouveau systeme de valeurs. Le contact avec la civilisation occidentale entraina dans la societe tunisienne de nouvelles habitudes de vivre et des comportements nouveaux introduisant des changements qualitatifs reels. La colonisation opera une veritable rupture dans l'histoire des femme tunisiennes : c'est leur insertion dans la societe. D'abord, par le truchement de l'ecole, qui joua un role determinant dans leur evolution, ensuite par l'activite professionnelle de quelques unes d'entre elles, les premieres, hors du foyer. La naissance d'organisations feminines pour la premiere fois dans l'histoire de la regence, ainsi que la participation des femmes a la lutte pour l'independance, marquaient la volonte de celles-ci de prendre en charge l'evolution de leur destin et celui de leur pays. Ces premices de changements furent acceleres a l'avenement de l'independance en 1956, par la promulgation d'un code du statut personnel, novateur, qui ameliorera les conditions de vie des femmesThis research analyses (muslim) tunisian women situation during the french colonization. As far bach as the 19 th centary, the women theme and her part in the society appeared in the muslim world. Political reformers, intellectual elite started to consider it. Later, the colonial achievement played a deciding part in the process of mentality evolvement and also in the tunisian society evolution itself as it brought a new sense of value. The occidental civilization involved new behaviours and customs in the tunisian society which implied some real qualitative changes. The colonization meant a real breaking in the history of tunisian women through their insertion in the society. Two facts were determinant : their attendingschool and the pratice of professionnal activity for some of them gave them the opportunity of being out of their home. The apparition of some women organisation for the first time in the history of the regency and in the same way their participation in the opposition in favour of independancy showed their determination in taking charge of the evolution of their own future and in the one of their country. These premises of changes became more evident with the independancy in 1956 through the promulgation of a new personnal stature law which permited certain improvements in women way of life
27
Taraud, Christelle. "Prostitution et colonisation : Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc, 1830-1960". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010641.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dès la conquête d'Alger en 1830, l'administration française met en place un système coercitif visant à contrôler, réguler, concentrer, carcéraliser et capitaliser la prostitution en Afrique du Nord. Des bordels militaires de campagne (BMC) aux quartiers réservés (Bousbir à Casablanca, Abdallah Gu èche à Tunis. ". ), des maisons de tolérance aux établissements d'abattage, l'univers de la prostitution est transformé et marginalisé - notamment dans les grandes agglomérations urbaines -par le réglementarisme colonial et ses agents (policiers, médecins et patronnes de maison). Entre images et réalités, la question de la prostitution interpelle d'ailleurs avec acuité l'ensemble des composantes de la société ooloniale ("indigènes" et européennes ), en particulier au travers de la sexualité intercommunautaire. Entre conformité et innovation, entre licite (halaI) et illicite (haram), les prostituées constituent alors un groupe médian confronté à la domination masculine et coloniale.
28
Gagnaire, Julie. "Epidémiologie de la colonisation digestive à Staphylococcus aureus". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES040.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La colonisation digestive à Staphylococcus aureus est mal connue avec des travaux portant majoritairement sur la colonisation à S. aureus résistant à la méticilline. Elle est majoritairement associée à une colonisation nasale mais peut aussi être retrouvée de manière exclusive chez les porteurs. La détection de ce portage n’est pas standardisée et les données concernant sa physiopathologie sont rares. L’origine de cette colonisation reste mal définie et l’interrelation avec la colonisation nasale est peu étudiée notamment chez les patients colonisés avec des souches de S. aureus sensible à la méticilline (SASM). Contrairement à la colonisation nasale dont l’impact clinique est bien décrit, l’impact clinique de ce réservoir en association ou non avec le réservoir nasal est peu étudié. Nous avons montré, chez des patients de réanimation, qu’il existe une diversité génétique entre les souches de SASM isolées des muqueuses nasales et rectales chez un même individu et nous avons également décrit un cas d’infection endogène chez un porteur au niveau digestif exclusif suggérant un rôle de ce réservoir dans les infections à S. aureus. Nous avons identifié, chez des patients communautaires bénéficiant d’une colonoscopie, la localisation de S. aureus au niveau de biopsies coliques suggérant sa présence au niveau de la muqueuse intestinale. De plus nous avons mis en évidence un rôle de la préparation colique dans la décolonisation de S. aureus au niveau de plusieurs sites de portage. Enfin nos travaux ont également montré que, comparé au dépistage nasal seul, le dépistage du portage digestif de S. aureus permettait de dépister jusqu’à 17% de porteurs en plusDespite first description in the literature in the 1960s, Staphylococcus aureus intestinal colonization is not well known. Previous works mainly investigated the carriage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Overall, S. aureus intestinal colonization is associated with S. aureus nasal one but exclusive intestinal carriers are also described. The screening of this carriage is not standardized and different hypotheses about its physiopathology are debated. However, the origin of this colonization remains unclear and the interrelationship with nasal colonization has been poorly studied, particularly in patients colonized with methicillin-sensitive strains of S. aureus (MSSA). Unlike S. aureus nasal colonization, whose clinical impact is well described, the clinical impact of this reservoir in association or not with nose carriage is not well studied. We showed in intensive care unit patients, that there was in a same patient a significant genetic diversity between MSSA strains isolated from nasal and rectal mucosa. We also recorded a case of an endogenous infection in an exclusive rectal carrier suggesting a role of this reservoir during S. aureus infections. During the follow-up of community patients undergoing a colonoscopy, we identified, S. aureus strains in colonic biopsies suggesting the presence of this bacterium in the intestine mucosa. Additionally, we highlighted the potential role of bowel cleansing preparation to decolonize S. aureus carriers at several sites. Finally, compared to nose sampling only, our works showed the adding value of the intestinal screening that would detect up to 17% more S. aureus carriers
29
Saussol, Alain. "Colonisation rurale et problème foncier en Nouvelle-Calédonie". Bordeaux 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR3ET02.
Testo completo
30
Laidani, Amar. "Le droit coutumier Kabyle pendant la colonisation française". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40134.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
"Thèse en cotutelle, Doctorat en droit, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Docteur en droit (LL. D.) et Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France"Notre thèse a comme sujet l’analyse des phénomènes de la codification et la réforme des coutumes kabyles qui ont eu lieu pendant la colonisation française. La « codification » et la « réforme » sont deux éléments clés du droit colonial du Second Empire colonial français. Le droit coutumier kabyle a été le résultat d’une codification des coutumes kabyles qui a été menée par un militaire, Adolphe Hanoteau, et un magistrat, Aristide Letourneux. Cette codification a pris la forme d’un ouvrage en trois volumes, intitulé La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. Ce droit coutumier a été officiellement reconnu par la législation coloniale française par le biais de l’article 2 du décret du 29 août 1874. Cette reconnaissance officielle des coutumes kabyles a eu comme effet la création d’un statut juridique particulier de droit privé, celui de l’indigène musulman régi par le droit coutumier kabyle. Les coutumes kabyles codifiées par le régime militaire ont été par la suite réformées par le régime civil. La première coutume à avoir été réformée a été celle de la chefaa (retrait successoral), suivie par la tutelle des mineurs kabyles par le biais du décret de 01 juin 1902 et par les coutumes kabyles en matière de matière de divorce et droit successoraux des femmes kabyles à travers les décrets du 2 et du 19 mai 1931. Notre thèse s’articule autour de deux parties. La première partie est intitulée « invention du droit coutumier kabyle », dans laquelle nous avons décrit les raisons qui ont été à l’origine de la codification des coutumes kabyles. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la politique menée par les Bureaux Arabes en Kabylie et sur la manière dont les coutumes kabyles ont été rédigées dans l’ouvrage d’Hanoteau et Letourneux, intitulé La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. Dans la deuxième partie intitulée « la réforme des coutumes kabyles », nous nous sommes concentrés sur la façon dont la législation et la jurisprudence du régime civil ont réformé les coutumes kabyles en matière de chefaa, de tutelle des mineurs et de statut des femmes pendant les années 1871-1930. Un chapitre final est dédié à l’analyse de l’héritage postcolonial du droit colonial français appliqué en Algérie au sein du droit algérien durant les années 1962-1975 ainsi qu’au sein de l’actuel droit français d’Outre-mer à Mayotte et en Nouvelle-Calédonie.
The main topic of our dissertation is the analysis of the phenomena of the codification and the reform of the Kabyle customary law which took place during the French colonial era. The codification and the reform are two keywords of the colonial law history of the french Second Colonial Empire. Kabyle’s customary law (droit coutumier) was the result of the codification of Kabyle’s customs that was made by a soldier, Adolphe Hanoteau and a judge, Aristide Letourneux. The result of this codification was a treatise of three volumes entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. This customary law was officially recognized by the french colonial legislation by means of Article 2 of the Decree of August 29, 1874. This official recognition of Kabyle customs creates a special legal status, the Muslim indigenous ruled by Kabyle’s customary law. The Kabyle’s customs codified by the military were subsequently reformed by the civil regime. The first customs that have been reformed was the chefaa, followed by the guardianship of the Kabyle minors through the decree of the 01 June 1902 and the Kabyle’s customs in matters of divorce and inheritance rights of Kabyle women though the decrees of May 2nd and 19th, 1931. Our thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, we have described the reason of the codification of Kabyle’s customs. We focused on the policy of the Arab Bureaux in Kabylia and the way in which the kabyle customs were written in the work of Hanoteau an Letourneux, entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. In the second part of the thesis, we focused on the period of the civil regime (1871-1931) and the case law as well as the legislation that reformed the Kabyle’s customs regarding chefaa, guardianship of minors and the status of women. A final chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the postcolonial heritage of the French colonial legislation in the Algerian legal system during the years 1962-1975, as well as in the current French overseas law in Mayotte and in New Caledonia.
31
Le, Chat Ludovic. "Stratégies adaptatives dans la colonisation de nouveaux environnements". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066194.
Testo completo
32
Laidani, Amar. "Le droit coutumier kabyle pendant la colonisation française". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Notre thèse a comme sujet l’analyse des phénomènes de la codification et la réforme des coutumes kabyles qui ont eu lieu pendant la colonisation française.La « codification » et la « réforme » sont deux éléments clés du droit colonial du Second Empire colonial français. Le droit coutumier kabyle a été le résultat d’une codification des coutumes kabyles qui a été menée par un militaire, Adolphe Hanoteau, et un magistrat, Aristide Letourneux. Cette codification a pris la forme d’un ouvrage en trois volumes, intitulé La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. Ce droit coutumier a été officiellement reconnu par la législation coloniale française par le biais de l’article 2 du décret du 29 août 1874. Cette reconnaissance officielle des coutumes kabyles a eu comme effet la création d’un statut juridique particulier de droit privé, celui de l’indigène musulman régi par le droit coutumier kabyle.Les coutumes kabyles codifiées par le régime militaire ont été par la suite réformées par le régime civil. La première coutume à avoir été réformée a été celle de la chefaa (retrait successoral), suivie par la tutelle des mineurs kabyles par le biais du décret de 01 juin 1902 et par les coutumes kabyles en matière de matière de divorce et droit successoraux des femmes kabyles à travers les décrets du 2 et du 19 mai 1931.Notre thèse s’articule autour de deux parties. Dans la première partie, nous avons décrit les raisons qui ont été à l’origine de la codification des coutumes kabyles. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la politique menée par les Bureaux Arabes en Kabylie et sur la manière dont les coutumes kabyles ont été rédigées dans l’ouvrage d’Hanoteau et Letourneux, intitulé La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous nous sommes penchés sur la période du régime civil (1871-1931) et sur la jurisprudence ainsi que sur la législation qui ont réformé les coutumes kabyles en matière de chefaa, de tutelle des mineurs et de statut des femmes.Un chapitre final est dédié à l’analyse de l’héritage postcolonial du droit colonial français appliqué en Algérie au sein du droit algérien durant les années 1962-1975 ainsi qu’au sein de l’actuel droit français d’Outre-mer à Mayotte et en Nouvelle-CalédonieThe main topic of our dissertation is the analysis of the phenomena of the codification and the reform of the Kabyle customary law which took place during the French colonial era.The codification and the reform are two keywords of the colonial law history of the french Second Colonial Empire. Kabyle’s customary law (droit coutumier) was the result of the codification of Kabyle’s customs that was made by a soldier, Adolphe Hanoteau and a judge, Aristide Letourneux. The result of this codification was a treatise of three volumes entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. This customary law was officially recognized by the french colonial legislation by means of Article 2 od the Decree of August 29, 1874. This official recognition of Kabyle customs creates a special legal status, the Muslim indigenous ruled by Kabyle’s customary law. The Kabyle’s customs codified by the military were subsequently reformed by the civil regime. The first customs that have been reformed was the chefaa, followed by the guardianship of the Kabyle minors through the decree of the 01 June 1902 and the Kabyle’s customs in matters of divorce and inheritance rights of Kabyle women though the decrees of May 2nd and 19th, 1931.Our thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, we have described the reason of the codification of Kabyle’s customs. We focused on the policy of the Arab Bureaux in Kabylia and the way in which the kabyle customs were written in the work of Hanoteau an Letourneux, entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles.In the second part of the thesis, we focused on the period of the civil regime (1871-1931) and the case law as well as the legislation that reformed the Kabyle’s customs regarding chefaa, guardianship of minors and the status of women. A final chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the postcolonial heritage of the French colonial legislation in the Algerian legal system during the years 1962-1975, as well as in the current French overseas law in Mayotte and in New Caledonia
33
Sevin, Olivier. "Migrations, colonisation agricole et terres neuves en Indonésie /". Pessac : CRET, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38859813m.
Testo completo
34
Nzenguet, Iguemba Gilchrist Anicet. "Colonisation, fiscalité et mutations au Gabon, 1910-1947 /". Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400707585.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. Titre de soutenance : Les gabonais et la fiscalité coloniale, 1910-1947.En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 419-448. Index.
35
Sandeman, Susan. "Factors affecting keratocyte colonisation of novel keratoprosthetic biomaterials". Thesis, University of Brighton, 1998. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a10ac44f-5bee-4eea-9d02-cfd73256fff9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A Keratoprosthesis (KPro) which incorporates all of the features required for long-term retention within the cornea has yet to be developed. Integration is dependent on the induction of an adequate response to corneal injury with limited inflammation and a return to relative quiescence. The keratocyte repair response is central to corneal remodelling and may be disrupted by corneal ageing and the accumulation of senescent keratocytes. Since senescence associated disruption of keratocyte activity has the potential to inhibit KPro biointegration within the cornea, the following study sought to investigate aspects of the EKl.BR keratocyte repair response and changes occurring with senescence of cells in culture. The limitations of using cultured senescent EKl .BRs to make inferences about changes in keratocyte responsiveness in the ageing cornea were assessed by comparing migratory responsiveness with that of keratocytes derived from an elderly donor. A preliminary investigation of suitable KPro skirt materials, capable of enhancing keratocyte adhesion, was also carried out since keratocyte adhesion to the KPro periphery enhances integration within the cornea and may limit cellular downgrowth.
36
Michaelides, Sozor Nikos. "Genetics of colonisation in the common wall lizard". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d4979dd-febf-45cf-880b-eb9845f8b2be.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis I set out to further our understanding of the causes and consequences of genetic variation after colonisation events. Specifically, I focused on how historical processes shape genetic diversity and to what extent we can link colonisation history, genetic diversity, individual fitness and population viability. To achieve this, I used a combination of molecular markers, analytical tools and the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis as a study system. I first infer the origin and genetic architecture of isolated population on islands at the range margin, in relation to mainland populations, to determine whether their current distribution and genetic structure are a result of a historical colonisation event or a more recent introduction. I then unravel the details of human-mediated introductions of P. muralis in England to further test which factors affect their genetic structure. I ask about the contribution of multiple introductions and admixture, the importance of number of founders and the year since their introduction and whether bottleneck events during primary and /or secondary introduction predict the level of genetic diversity in the non-native range. Throughout this study I obtain information on population genetic structure and composition from both native and non-native ranges. This is essential since the (complex) phylogeographic structure of P. muralis in the native range determines the distribution and structure of genetic diversity from which colonists are drawn and the details of colonisation will then reflect in the genetics of non-native populations. Lastly, I assess the consequences of colonisation on reproductive fitness and test for heterozygosity fitness correlations at the individual and population level. Overall, this thesis demonstrates why reconstructing the colonisation history is important when aiming to understand the causes and consequences of genetic variation during colonisation. This information is critical when assessing the relationship between genetic diversity and establishment success. Whether non-native populations have retained sufficient evolutionary potential to adapt to their new climate their long-term viability will be dictated by availability of suitable habitat rather than by internal population factors.
37
Fievet, Virgil. "Processus de colonisation d’une parcelle de céréales par les pucerons : origine des fondateurs, dynamique de la colonisation et influence des ennemis naturels". Rennes, Agrocampus, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARA050.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Un paysage agricole est constitué d’une multitude d’unités spatiales plus ou moins stables dans le temps. Une culture de céréales constitue l’une de ces unités et représente, pour de nombreux insectes phytophages, un lieu où la ressource est concentrée. Une telle unité n’est toutefois présente que quelques mois dans l’habitat (du semis à la récolte). Cette fugacité impose de ce fait de fortes pressions de sélection sur les populations de phytophages. Les espèces exploitant de tels habitants temporaires vont régulièrement émigrer et coloniser de nouvelles unités et de nombreux facteurs vont influencer la réussite de la colonisation d’une unité de ressource. Les pucerons présentent un très fort potentiel de colonisation d’habitats temporaires : leur capacité à produire des individus ailés leurs permet de coloniser facilement de nouveaux habitats et leur mode de reproduction parthénogénétique leur confère un pouvoir de multiplication considérable. Ce travail porte sur le processus de colonisation du blé par le plus important ravageur des céréales en Europe : le puceron des épis Sitobion avenae. Plus précisément, les objectifs de ce travail son (i) de déterminer l’origine des fondateurs des populations au sein d’une parcelle de blé. (ii) de décrire comment se déroule le processus de colonisation. La colonisation d’un champ est un processus complexe, faisant intervenir des multiples facteurs. Ces résultats permettront de déterminer comment, une fois arrivées dans une parcelle, les populations exploitent l’espace disponible et comment ce processus se traduit d’un point de vue de la distribution des génotypes dans le champ.
38
Manso, Blanco Sandra. "Bioreceptivity optimisation of concrete substratum to stimulate biological colonisation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145066.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The lack of green areas in cities is caused by the increase in population and the urbanisation process. However, an increasing interest in city greenery was observed since the beginning of twentieth century. Several benefits are associated with green areas from a social, economic and ecologic point of view. Consequently, the solution to increase the urban green spaces lies in their inclusion on structures¿ surfaces. In that sense, a number of different technologies were developed which can be grouped into green walls and green roofs. Unfortunately, existing systems for both green walls and green roofs present several disadvantages in terms of installation and maintenance costs, low level of integration with the structure, extra loads, limitations in their use in rehabilitation projects, and others.
The general objective of this dissertation is to provide a first approach to the possibility of using a structure surface as biological substratum. This was treated considering two different research lines. The first research line includes the modification of the chemical and physical properties of the cementitious material, which will be used as substratum. Then, the second issue is the evaluation of materials¿ bioreceptivity under both laboratory and environmental conditions.
Regarding the material, chemical properties were firstly studied. pH was taken as a priority from the diversity of involved chemical properties. In that sense, two different ways to obtain a low pH cementitious material were studied. First, it was attempted to reduce the pH of the most common hydraulic binder, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Then, the characterisation of Magnesium Phosphate Cement (MPC) as a hydraulic binder of naturally low pH was carried out. Insufficient reduction in the pH of OPC was obtained and properties such as flexural and compressive strength were highly affected. In contrast, positive results were obtained regarding the use of MPC as hydraulic binder for the specific purpose to be used as a biological substratum.
Regarding the physical properties, porosity and roughness were the main properties considered. For that purpose, modifications were made to the composition of different samples, by means of modifying the hydraulic binder, granular skeleton, the water to cement ratio and the amount of cement paste. The methodology used for the estimation of the optimal cement paste content worked well for OPC specimens although MPC responded differently. The characterisation of the twenty-three initial materials¿ bioreceptivities provided significantly different results. Consequently, six different mix designs were selected to be exposed to colonisation.
Afterwards, the evaluation of the materials¿ bioreceptivity in terms of colonisation was studied under both laboratory and environmental conditions. Regarding the experimental program under laboratory conditions, an accelerated laboratory test was carried out to evaluate the behavior of different specimens when they were exposed to colonization. Magnesium Phosphate Cement specimens obtained better results than OPC mortars for algal colonisation under those particular conditions.
Finally, specimens were also evaluated under environmental conditions, since these may significantly differ from laboratory conditions. Furthermore, two different inclinations and three different locations were studied. Significant differences were observed between inclinations (horizontal and vertical) and between locations with different contamination levels (Barcelona city, Natural Park of Montseny and Ghent city). Better results were obtained with horizontal specimens in terms of predominant genus diversity as well as quantitative level of colonisation. Moreover, specimens located in urban areas (Barcelona city) showed also better results. However, the environmental experimental programs should be continued over a longer time span to reach more conclusive results.La ausencia de espacios verdes en las ciudades es consecuencia del constante incremento poblacional y el proceso de urbanización. Sin embargo, existe un interés social creciente en aumentarlos desde inicios del siglo XX. Los beneficios asociados pueden englobarse en tres niveles: social, económico y ecológico. Por ello, la incorporación de elementos vegetales en los edificios se ha visto, principalmente, como una alternativa en aquellas ciudades con escasez de espacios disponibles para la construcción de áreas verdes. En este sentido, diversos sistemas han sido desarrollados tanto a nivel de fachadas como de cubiertas vegetales. Desafortunadamente, los sistemas existentes presentan diversos inconvenientes, los cuales se refieren a los costes de instalación y mantenimiento, a la baja integración entre los elementos naturales y la estructura, la carga adicional que conlleva y, en algunos casos, la limitación en su uso, entre otros. El objetivo general de la presente tesis es demostrar que es posible utilizar el propio material cementicio como soporte biológico, para lo cual se han considerado dos líneas principales: modificar de forma controlada el material cementicio en base a sus propiedades químicas y físicas y, evaluar la bioreceptividad del soporte en muestras colonizadas. En lo referente al material, primero se abordaron las propiedades químicas, fijándose como prioritario reducir el pH, para lo cual se abordaron dos vías: incorporación de ácidos en morteros en base a cemento Portland y, empleo de cementos en base a fosfato de magnesio. Las reducciones de pH alcanzadas para el cemento Portland no fueron significativas y sí, en cambio, la afectación a nivel de resistencias fue elevada. Por contra, los resultados obtenidos para el cemento en base a fosfato de magnesio fueron positivos, sin efectos secundarios. Respecto a las propiedades físicas, se han considerado la porosidad y la rugosidad. Para la modificación controlada de estas propiedades se realizaron cambios entre dosificaciones en cuanto al tipo de cemento, al esqueleto granular, a la relación agua-cemento y a la cantidad de pasta de cemento. La metodología usada para la estimación de la cantidad de pasta de cemento funcionó correctamente para el mortero de cemento Portland. Sin embargo, el mortero en base a cemento de fosfato de magnesio presentó particularidades que hicieron cambiar los criterios de selección. Veintitrés tipos de mortero de diferente bioreceptividad fueron caracterizados y los resultados obtenidos permitieron reducir dicho número a seis, los cuales fueron expuestos a colonización. En el proceso de evaluación del crecimiento biológico, las muestras fueron expuestas tanto a condiciones controladas de laboratorio, mediante un ensayo acelerado, como a condiciones ambientales, habiéndose obtenido los mejores resultados para las muestras en base al cemento de fosfato de magnesio. Finalmente, las muestras fueron expuestas a colonización ambiental, ya que los resultados podrían diferir considerablemente. Además de evaluarse los diferentes grados de bioreceptividad de las muestras entre sí, también se evaluó la influencia de la inclinación (horizontal y vertical) así como de la localización comparando tres emplazamientos (Barcelona ciudad, parque natural del Montseny y Gante ciudad). Diferencias significativas fueron observadas entre muestras con diferente inclinación así como entre las localizaciones con diferente grado de contaminación ambiental. Las muestras horizontales presentaron mejores resultados a nivel de diversidad y cuantificación. Y, además, las muestras colocadas en zonas urbanas obtuvieron mejores resultados que aquellas en emplazadas en una zona no contaminada. Sin embargo, los resultados muestran la necesidad de más investigación en condiciones ambientales así como por periodos más prolongados
39
Robinson, Cheryl Dorothy Moodai, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University e School of Social Ecology. "Effects of colonisation, cultural and psychological on my family". THESIS_XXX_SEL_Robinson_C.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/686.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research is a story about the author’s Murri family. It is about rebirthing the author’s identity, history and culture, and concerns the history and consequences that colonisation has rendered on her family. The story divulges the secrets and problems from the past that continue to affect the author and her family today. Aboriginal history concerns each and every person in Australia. Non-indigenous people need to understand that Aborigines’ spirits belong to this land, that they are a part of it. They need to understand what colonisation has done to Aboriginal families. It is only through understanding and accepting the history of what has happened to thousands of Murri families that their identities and place within their environment can become reality in the minds of non-Aboriginal people. Because a written discourse is alien to the Aboriginal culture and to the author’s psyche, she has rebirthed her family’s stories in both visual and oral language, and combined this with the written. The author’s art is a healing vehicle through which she and her family reconnect with their culture. It is connected with the author’s identity, her heritage. She has created images/objects that reflect what she has discovered of herself and her family. Her creations are imbued with all that is natural, her palette is the land and its produce, thus reconnecting herself with her heritage, the land – mother earth.Master of Science (Hons) Social Ecology
40
Cliff, Penelope Rachel. "The epidemiology of Candida colonisation and infection in hospitals". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421446.
Testo completo
41
Aktan, Ilknur. "Colonisation of small ruminants by attaching-effacing E. coli". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479035.
Testo completo
42
Funnell, Simon Gordon Paul. "Mechanisms of colonisation of mammalian tissues by Bordetella pertussis". Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239726.
Testo completo
43
Chalmers, James Duncan. "Lectin pathway of complement and bacterial colonisation in bronchiectasis". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory lung disease associated with failure of the normal mucociliary escalator, chronic bacterial colonisation of the airways, neutrophil mediated inflammation and a resulting clinical syndrome of respiratory infections, lung damage and symptoms such as cough, sputum production and shortness of breath. These are few effective treatments and the cause of bronchiectasis is unknown in the majority of patients. It is hypothesised that unrecognised immune defects may predispose to bronchiectasis or affect the severity of lung disease. Ficolin-2 is a circulating innate immune protein able to activate the lectin pathway of complement through interaction with mannose binding lectin associated serine protease-2. Through its structural and functional similarity to complement component C1q and mannose binding lectin, it is hypothesised that ficolin-2 may be involved in opsonophagocytosis of pathogens. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ficolin-2 gene have been described causing considerable variation in human ficolin-2 serum concentrations in healthy individuals. In this thesis, the role of the key lectin pathway components ficolin-2 and mannose binding lectin, are investigated in patients with bronchiectasis. We demonstrate a significant association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FCN2 gene and disease severity in bronchiectasis. Specifically, patients with low expressing FCN2 haplotypes have a higher frequency of chronic colonisation, colonisation with P. aeruginosa, more frequent exacerbations and worse health related quality of life. An association between MBL deficient genotypes and disease severity is also demonstrated suggesting an important role for the lectin pathway of complement in modifying disease severity in bronchiectasis. In-vitro studies identify that ficolin-2 is the major lectin pathway component responsible for complement activation on P. aeruginosa and that ficolin-2 binds to a wide range of clinically relevant pathogens. Neutrophils isolated from the sputum of patients with bronchiectasis showed significant alterations in surface receptor expression and function compared to peripheral blood neutrophils, with a novel effect of neutrophil elastase cleavage of CD88 contributing to reduced phagocytosis by airway neutrophils. Despite loss of phagocytic receptors from sputum neutrophils, opsonisation by ficolin-2/MASP-2 complexes still enhanced phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by sputum neutrophils, suggesting that ficolin-2 may be relevant in the clearance of P. aeruginosa in the airway. In summary, ficolin-2 was found to be an important modifier of disease severity in bronchiectasis.
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Vialla, Anne. "Colonisation pénale en Guyane française : considérations historiques et médicales". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11157.
Testo completo
45
Montalembert, de Cers Catherine de. "Matouac, l'île aux coquillages ou l'histoire triangulaire d'une colonisation". Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30031.
Testo completo
46
Adjanor, Lepoutre Myriam. "Conquête et colonisation dans la conscience mexicaine : 1810-1970". Lille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL3A001.
Testo completo
47
Aboudharam, Gérard. "Colonisation bactérienne de la pulpe dentaire par voie hématogène". Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX20662.
Testo completo
48
Carriconde, Fabian. "Dispersion et colonisation chez le champignon ectomycorhizien Tricholoma scalpturatum". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30095.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tricholoma scalpturatum est un champignon ectomycorrhizien cosmopolite qui forme une association symbiotique avec les racines de nombreux arbres et arbustes. Notre travail a consisté à étudier les populations naturelles de cette espèce et se proposait d'apporter un éclairage nouveau sur (1) la diversité génétique au sein de ce taxon et sa distribution et (2) sur les stratégies de dispersion et de colonisation des champignons en général. Le typage moléculaire à partir de carpophores a mis en évidence (i) l'existence d'une forte diversité génétique chez T. Scalpturatum, (ii) la présence de deux entités génétiques distinctes (groupes 1 & 2) à une échelle locale mais aussi à une plus large échelle, en Europe, (iii) un investissement préférentiel dans la reproduction sexuée pour la colonisation de l'habitat et (iv) une dispersion efficace limitée chez les deux groupes. Finalement, une analyse de la diversité à partir de mycorhizes montre une bonne correspondance carpophores - mycorhizesTricholoma scalpturatum is a cosmopolitan ectomycorrhizal fungus symbiotically associated with a broad range of trees and shrubs. The main objectives of the present work were to better understand (1) the level of genetic diversity within this taxon and its distribution, and (2) the dispersal and colonization abilities of fungi in general. Molecular typing from sporophores revealed (i) the existence of a high level of genetic diversity within T. Scalpturatum, (ii) the presence of two distinct genetic groups (groups 1 & 2) at a local and large scales (in Europe), (iii) the investment in sexual reproduction for colonization of the habitat, and (iv) limited abilities to disperse for both groups. Finally, analyses of diversity from mycorrhizae showed a good match between sporophores and mycorrhizae
49
Fréjaville, Yann. "Colonisation ichtyologique des récifs coralliens dans les Antilles Françaises". Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0185.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail porte sur l'écologie de cette phase cruciale de la vie des poissons récifaux que constitue la colonisation du milieu démersal à l'issue du développement larvaire pélagique. Des échantillonnages mensuels de post-larves de poissons colonisant un récif corallien de la Guadeloupe ont été réalisés durant 15 mois à l'aide d'un filet de crête. De plus, des échantillonnages de micronecton pélagique ont été effectués au large des côtes de la Martinique avec un chalut mésopélagique. Ainsi, 3867 colons appartenant à 50 familles ont été échantillonnés sur le platier. La colonisation annuelle du platier récifal est donc de 65 individus par mètre carré de platier. Le mode de colonisation du récif semble ainsi se rapprocher du modèle dit « de compétition », selon lequel les poissons coloniseraient en excès par rapport aux ressources du milieu. La famille la mieux représentée est celle des Gobiidae (50 % des effectifs, 43 % d'occurrences relatives), puis celles des Clinidae, des Scaridae et des Clupeidae. Le facteur environnemental exerçant la plus grande influence sur la colonisation est le nycthémère et l'heure de prédilection pour coloniser se situe entre 03h et 05h. Les principaux facteurs favorables à la colonisation sont donc l'absence de lumière, ainsi que des conditions hydrodynamiques agitées. Les échantillonnages pélagiques ont permis de capturer 678 post-larves appartenant à 54 familles en 30 traits de chalut. L'étude a mis en évidence un phénomène de migration nycthémérale et une densité de post-larves significativement plus élevée en côte sous le vent qu'en côte au vent. Il apparaît que la colonisation est un phénomène actif et volontaire pour les post-larvesThe aim of the present work was to study a crucial stage in the Iife of coral reef fishes: settlement on the reefs after a pelagic larval development stage. Monthly samplings of post-Iarval fishes settling on a coral reef fiat of Guadeloupe Island were carried out with a crest net over 15 months. Moreover, samplings of pelagic patches of micronekton were realized with a mesopelagic trawl at several distances from the coasts of Martinique Island. So, 3867 settlers belonging to 50 families were sampied on the reef flat. Thus, there is an annual colonization of 65 individuals. M-2. The colonization on the studied reef is close to the "competition" model, based on the hypothesis that the fishes would settle in excess relatively to habitat and resources provided by the reef. The most abundant families of settlers are the Gobiidae (50 % of total number, 43 % of relative occurrences), then the Clinidae, the Scaridae and the Clupeidae. The main environmental factor governing the colonization is the nycthemeral cycle and the favoured hour for settlement appeared to be between 3:00 am and 5:00 am. The other important factor favourable to settlement is a strong hydrodynamism. A total of 678 post-Iarvaeı belonging to 54 families were collected during the pelagie samplings (30 tows). This study has verified a phenomenon of nycthemeral vertical migration, furthermore, densities of pelagic post-Iarvae were significantly higher in the leeward coast of Martinique. It thus appeared that colonization is an active and controlled behaviour of the competent post-Iarvae
50
Dufour, Vincent, e René Galzin. "Colonisation des recifs coralliens par les larves de poissons". Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066130.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Par des prelevements sur la crete recifale de l'ile de moorea (polynesie francaise) la colonisation du milieu recifo-lagonaire par les larves de poissons n'est pas apparue comme un phenomene particulierement stochastique. Des cycles nycthemeraux et lunaires ont ete mis en evidence. La colonisation est vingt a trente fois plus importante la nuit que le jour et quatre fois plus forte lorsque la lune est absente que lorsqu'elle est presente. Ces cycles temoignent d'un processus actif, concernant les larves agees essentiellement. Les larves immatures, plus abondantes en milieu oceanique n'ont pas la meme distribution a petite echelle de temps. Des resultats similaires ont egalement ete observes sur d'autres iles du pacific sud. D'apres l'analyse qualitative, les larves les plus abondantes sont les gobiidae parmi cinquante familles de poissons identifiees. Les scaridae et les labridae sont egalement obtenus en grand nombre. Il existe egalement une variabilite mensuelle et annuelle des familles presentes. Quelques-unes possedent des heures preferentielles de colonisation, mais la plupart d'entre elles arrivent d'une facon groupee. Il est apparu que quatre-vingt-dix pour cents de ces larves disparaissent durant les jours suivant leur installation, ce qui expliquerait le modele de colonisation nocturne. La predation semble etre le seul processus capable d'expliquer cette difference d'abondance. Elle serait a l'origine de la densite moyenne des populations ichtyologiques de ce recif. Toutefois les variations du recrutement seraient quand meme la cause des fluctuations de densite et determineraient egalement la diversite specifique