Tesi sul tema "Colombo (Sri Lanka)"
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1
De, Silva Giyani Venya. "The malevolent benefactor? : urban youth in Sri Lanka and their experience of the Sri Lankan state". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:48189ea8-02bf-4fc1-b721-56e0c28bc9e2.
Testo completo
2
Satkunaratnam, Ahalya. "Moving bodies, navigating conflict practicing Bharata Natyam in Colombo, Sri Lanka /". Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=102&did=1874197641&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=7&retrieveGroup=0&VType=PQD&VInst=PROD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270484064&clientId=48051.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-212). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
3
Noe, Christiane. "Soziale Netzwerke und Gesundheit health vulnerability städtischer Marginalgruppen in Colombo, Sri Lanka". Saarbrücken Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik, 2006. http://d-nb.info/98701420X/04.
Testo completo
4
Wickrema, Marinne Dhakshike. "Movin' on up : mainstreaming under-serviced urban communities in Colombo, Sri Lanka". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33065.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-105).
This thesis offers an early look at a radical shift in Sri Lankan urban housing policy regarding slums in the capital city of Colombo. During the 1980s, the Sri Lankan government achieved widespread urban improvements by mobilizing community-led on-site slum upgrading. However, since the late 1990s, the government has attempted to persuade urban slum dwellers to relocate to nearby high-rise apartments and, thus, reclaim public land inhabited by low-income settlements in central Colombo city. This policy shift is surprising because: (1) Sri Lanka's previous 10-year slum upgrading program was described as "best practice" by donor agencies, and (2) most other countries have rejected the notion of high-rise for low-income city dwellers. Concurrent shifts in donor agency ideology and preconditions as well as overcrowded physical conditions in previously upgraded under-served settlements drove the government to seek new approaches to improve the lives of the urban poor. Moreover, beginning in the 1990s, there was a renewed perception that cities like Colombo needed to capitalize on its comparative advantages vis-à-vis the rest of the region in order to spur economic growth in the nation. The Sustainable Townships Programme (STP) and its pilot project, the Sahaspura apartment complex, with its parallel attempts to free up land for development and resettle slum dwellers in modern high-rise apartments, were part of the drive to remain competitive in the global and regional economy. Prevailing thought maintains that relocation and high-rise housing will adversely affect the social networks and informal livelihood patterns of slum dwellers.
(cont.) However, survey data of residents in Sahaspura indicate that, on the contrary, the majority of residents believe that their social lives have improved while their economic livelihoods have remained the same. In the face of land constraints, it appears that if slum dwellers' livelihoods do not depend on residence and if they are resettled within the central city with access to transport and facilities, high-rise public housing may be a suitable intervention to improve living standards. In the final analysis, the Sahaspura high-rise experience indicates that, under certain conditions, policy-makers might need to rethink the preferences of the urban poor in cities like Colombo.
by Marinne Dhakshike Wickrema.
M.C.P.
5
Mohamed, Ali Sithy Kadija. "Industrial water pollution in a surface water system in Colombo, Sri Lanka". Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1180/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Surface waters are increasingly polluted by the industries in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Among these the food and drink industries are prominent in urban Colombo. To understand the extent of pollution of the inland surface waters a project was undertaken in the San Sebastian canal, which runs through the heart of Colombo, and the connecting waterways. It entailed the chemical and physical monitoring of the surface waters and the waste water discharges of the industries. The results indicated that the San Sebastian canal was a highly polluted canal with a very low dissolved oxygen level. The oxygen sag was very marked at the industrial discharges. Most of the industries, by nature of the highly organic waste waters in addition to being untreated failed to meet the specified standards of discharges into inland surface waters. The rainfall-pollutant and the rainfall-lag analysis indicated the poor dilution of these strong waste waters, and the low assimilative capacity of the highly polluted canal system. Hence, the San Sebastian canal polluted the receiving river Kelani, into which it discharges in the east, and the Beira lake in the west, where the polluted waters are pumped from the canal to maintain the level of the lake.
6
Sirisena, Rasika Mihirini. "Life worth living : learning about love, life and future with Colombo University students". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6461.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis focuses on the course through which romantic relationships gain meaning in the lives of students at the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Drawing from research conducted with some students from the university in 2007/08, the thesis illustrates the process of investing in relationships, arguing that romantic relationships feature significantly in their imagination of 'a life that is worthy of living.' The story that is related in this thesis demonstrates that, in the lives of the research participants, romantic relationships provide a cocoon for self-development. Arising out of a need that they described as youthful, the research participants pointed out that romantic relationships are all but a passing phase. While providing a space in which one could fulfil their youthful desires, romantic relationships became a part of the larger plan of life by paving the way for the birth of 'real' love. Being a king of love that lasts, real love provides a formidable base for marital bonds. The stories the search participants told of their love lives suggested that 'real loves' are born when one invests oneself in it, pouring in time, effort, trust and commitment. It is the investment of trust and commitment that makes these bonds last, thus making it a kind of a bond on which a successful marriage could be founded. Investing in building trust and commitment is likened to investing oneself in the relationship, because in doing so, the research participants pointed out that they emerge as men and women of particular natures. The investment of oneself in the relationship is a process that revolves around giving and taking. Drawing out three aspects through which the research participants embedded themselves in romantic relationships, the thesis highlights the relational aspect of self, pointing out that one's life's worthiness could be tied to the people who are around them.
7
Gunadasa, Ankumbure Dewayalage. "Spatial database integration, a GIS approach, a case study from Colombo, Sri Lanka". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0022/NQ39534.pdf.
Testo completo
8
Bailey, Mark S. "Febrile illnesses at the Colombo North Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka (The Ragama Fever Study)". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/9513/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses in the tropics and sub-tropics are caused by a wide range of infectious diseases that often have indistinguishable clinical features. In developing countries there may also be insufficient microbiology facilities to identify these infections leading to missed diagnoses, inefficient use of healthcare resources, over-use of empirical treatments, a lack of information on antimicrobial resistance and inaccurate epidemiological data for guiding prevention strategies. These problems occur in Sri Lanka, but a prospective, systematic, representative and comprehensive study of febrile illnesses has never been performed. The Ragama Fever Study was performed at a major hospital in western Sri Lanka that served both urban and rural areas. Its aims were to identify the causes of febrile illnesses in a large sample of patients admitted to the hospital over a 1-year period, develop clinical prediction rules that could distinguish between the most common infectious diseases and assist in the evaluation of rapid (point-of-care) diagnostic tests that were appropriate to this setting. 617 (86.7%) of 711 febrile patients admitted to a quarter of the hospital medical wards were recruited. 56.4% had confirmed infections with organisms identified including dengue (22.2%), chikungunya (16.7%), leptospirosis (5.2%), various bacteraemias (4.2%), Q fever (2.9%), rickettsial infections (2.3%), tuberculosis (1.1%) and urinary tract infections (0.8%). 7.6% had confirmed infections with no organisms identified including cellulitis (2.4%), respiratory tract infections with radiographic changes (2.1%) and pulmonary tuberculosis with radiographic changes (1.6%). 4.1% had confirmed non-infectious diseases and 37.2% had unconfirmed diseases including “viral fever” (13.3%), undifferentiated fever (7.8%), respiratory tract infections (6.8%), urinary tract infections (3.4%), leptospirosis (2.8%) and gastroenteritis (1.0%). Clinical prediction rules for identifying dengue fever and chikungunya were developed using imputation, multiple logistic regression, scoring algorithms and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The dengue fever rule had sensitivity = 49.6%, specificity = 93.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 70.8% and negative predictive value (NPV) = 86.1%. The chikungunya rule had sensitivity = 35.0%, specificity = 95.0%, PPV = 60.0% and NPV = 87.1%. ROC curve analysis could not identify any probability cut-offs that would produce clinical prediction rules with acceptable combinations of both sensitivity and specificity. A commercial (Panbio) rapid serology test for dengue fever showed sensitivity = 43.4%, specificity = 88.8%, PPV = 54.6% and NPV = 83.5% on samples from admission and significantly better diagnostic performance on follow-up. When repeated in conjunction with a PanBio rapid NS1 antigen detection test, the diagnostic performance improved with sensitivity = 89.9%, specificity = 75.0%, PPV = 69.0% and NPV = 92.3% on admission. This study confirmed the wide range of infections that present as febrile illnesses in Sri Lanka and showed the limitations of clinical prediction rules and rapid diagnostic tests in identifying these on admission. I hope that it will prove a foundation for further work on these important topics.
9
Rambukwella, Metiwala Walawwe Chulani Neranjana Kumari. "Heritage representation in culturally diverse societies : a case study of the Colombo National Museum in Sri Lanka". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis constitutes the first critical analysis of representation in the Colombo National Museum. It is also the first museum studies doctoral thesis to emerge from and address Sri Lanka. In addition to outlining the historical and modern day contexts of the Colombo National Museum, its displays are analysed in relation to Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage and contemporary cultural diversity. Representation of identities and histories is a complex and potentially sensitive issue in national museums in heterogeneous societies. Displays within national institutions are often subject to criticism as a result. Museums in Sri Lanka started with the colonial establishment of what is now the Colombo National Museum in 1877. Moreover, the country has a convoluted history, particularly since independence, of ethnic tensions and civil war. The thesis delineates the histories and distribution of ethno-cultural and religious groups within Sri Lanka, and indicates interactions and conflicts between them. It also summarises the history of and issues within museums in Sri Lanka. Using a case study approach, the core of the thesis describes and analyses research undertaken within the Colombo National Museum. A databank summarising the numbers of objects affiliated with different Sri Lankan groups, was compiled. Object affiliations were identified through museum ascriptions, archaeological, historical and contemporary data, and the artefacts’ inherent characters of signification. Quantitative analysis of this databank, together with the author’s development of the notion of ‘cultural quality’, was used to critically interpret the permanent displays, producing an assessment of the degree of cultural representation in the museum. The objects in the store collections are also taken into consideration when discussing the fairness of the representation. Through the findings, the author suggests a new display framework potentially applicable to the Colombo National Museum in order to facilitate a more equitable representation of Sri Lanka’s heritages and cultural identities.
10
Madavan, Delon. "Les minorités tamoules à Colombo, Kuala Lumpur et Singapour : minorités, intégrations socio-spatiales et transnationalités". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040072.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’étude des Tamouls à Colombo, Kuala Lumpur et Singapour montre l’intérêt d’adopter une perspective comparative et multiscalaire pour saisir dans toute leur complexité les différents facteurs agissant sur l’identification et l’intégration socio-spatiale d’un groupe minoritaire transnational. Ces Tamouls évoluent dans des contextes politiques nationaux très différents. À Sri Lanka, ils se retrouvent au cœur d’un conflit intercommunautaire. À Singapour, ils sont reconnus officiellement comme l’une des composantes de la société multiculturelle alors qu’en Malaise, l’État privilégie les Malais. L’analyse des politiques menées par la puissance coloniale, puis par les trois États indépendants à l’égard des minorités, permet de mieux comprendre leurs impacts sur le sentiment d’identification et d’intégration des Tamouls à la Nation, ainsi que sur leur répartition dans ces villes. À l’échelle locale, l’inscription spatiale de leur identité et les pratiques citadines des Tamouls favorisent une appropriation de leur environnement urbain. Toutefois, cette dernière n’est pas immuable. Les politiques urbaines développées par les États, qui selon les cas préservent ou détruisent les ethnoterritoires, ont des conséquences sur l’empreinte urbaine tamoule et leur pratique de la ville. Cette réalité n’est pas sans conséquences sur la façon dont les Tamouls perçoivent leur appartenance à la Nation. Enfin, les liens transnationaux (culturels, politiques, économiques) entre Tamouls et les dynamiques migratoires internationales contemporaines des Tamouls dans ces trois pays ont également des conséquences sur l’identification et l’intégration de ceux de Colombo, Kuala Lumpur et SingapourThe study of Tamils in Colombo, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore shows the importance of adopting a multi-scale and comparative perspective in order to fully grasp an understanding of the complexity of the various factors affecting the identification and socio-spatial integration of a transnational minority group. These Tamils evolve in very different national political contexts. In Sri Lanka, they are at the heart of inter-communal conflicts. In Singapore, they are officially recognized as a component of a multicultural society, whilst in Malaysia the government officially favors Malays. The analysis of the policies enforced by the colonial power, followed by the three independent states toward minorities provides a better understanding of their impacts on the sense of identity and integration of Tamils in the Nation, as well as their geographical distribution in these cities. At the local level, the spatial inscription of tamil identity and their urban practices favor an appropriation of their urban environment. However, it is not immutable. Urban policies developed by states, which according to the cases preserve or destroy ethnoterritories, have an impact on the Tamil urban footprint and their practical of the city. This reality is not without consequence on how Tamils perceive their attachement to the nation. Finally, transnational ties (cultural, political, economical) between Tamils and contemporary dynamics of international migration of Tamils in these three countries also have consequences on the identification and integration of those from Colombo, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore
11
Kottegoda, Chandrika Sepali. "The role of women in household survival strategies : a case study from an urban low-income settlement in Colombo, Sri Lanka". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317682.
Testo completo
12
Beaulieu, James A. "Protracted state insurgencies counterinsurgency lessons from Sri Lanka, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Colombia /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/643349408/viewonline.
Testo completo
13
Seneviratne, Dona Thalatha Daya Somi. "Feminist consciousness among Sri Lankan women: A study of women living in Perth and Colombo". Thesis, Seneviratne, Dona Thalatha Daya Somi (1987) Feminist consciousness among Sri Lankan women: A study of women living in Perth and Colombo. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1987. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50682/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is concerned with the study of feminist consciousness among Sri Lankan women living in two metropolitan areas of Perth and Colombo. It examines the attitudes, beliefs and practices of these women which may influence or hinder the development of such a consciousness. The investigation of attitudes in relation to the dominant sex -role ideology would reveal whether women conform to these ideas or whether they deviate from them. Apart from examining attitudes towards the prevailing sex-role ideology the thesis also examines the ideology of feminism as being practiced by a small group of feminists in Sri Lanka.
Open ended interviews were conducted between the periods of March 1984 and July 1985 with four groups of women: two educated middle class, one less educated and of a low socio-economic background and one feminist group. The sample consisted of one hundred non random sample of women with thirty each in the educated middle class groups, twenty nine in the low socio-economic group and eleven in the feminist group. The form of the research is mainly qualitative although some use is made of quantitative data such as percentage tables and content analysis tables.
The analysis of data reveals that the views expressed on feminist issues show variations within the research sample. From the analysis of responses it is possible to construct three groups of respondents : the feminists, the potential feminists and the traditional women. The data also indicates that a certain pattern exists in the development of a feminist consciousness among the feminists. Among these respondents the factors of education and critical life experiences appear to be closely associated. The potential feminists appear to have had some overt critical life experiences but lack liberating educational experiences which are vital to develop feminist consciousness. Nevertheless, these respondents have a greater potential to transcend some of the limitations of the traditional ideology than others who have not undergone critical life experiences. The traditional respondents possess a high educational level but lack overt critical experiences in life. They have managed to enter the public sphere without being aware of their subordinate status in the family and society.
Strategies for change should be directed towards conscientization programmes to develop a feminist consciousness among both the potential feminists and the traditional respondents. This could be achieved through non-formal education programmes and by affecting changes in the formal education system to evolve non-sexist educational programmes. Such changes are vital to free women from the dominant sex-role ideology and its subtle constraints which affect them in all aspects of their lives.
14
Pieris, Anoma D. (Anoma Darshani). "Tall buildings in Asia : a critique on the high-rise building in Colombo, Shri Lanka". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-107).
The recent generation of tall buildings in Asia have been appropriated from the West with little adaptation. With no understanding of the forces that have generated this building form, Asia embraces the high-rise as an expression of modernity. The intention of this theses is to examine the instrumental potential for designing vertical and incremental built space, free from the rhetoric of political and economic identities. This thesis proposes a design as a critique of the Asian high rise and as a means to investigate the following : -- the conditions that promote or limit accessibility in the high rise; -- the continuity of public access in urban territory, -- the mitigation of exclusive programs and the design for a range of activities; -- the use of structural systems as intrinsic to the organization of the design; -- the design for potential changeability within this building type.
by Anoma D. Pieris.
M.S.
15
Mubarak, Fathima Fatheena. "Tradition and modernity : a sociological comparison between Sri Lankan Muslim women in Colombo and London in the late 1990s". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1707/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is a sociological comparison between Sri Lankan Muslim women in two contemporary societies, and it concentrates on the dynamic relationship between religion, culture, and gender. The theoretical aims of the thesis are to investigate the ways in which religion, principally in relation to gender relations, is perceived by its followers, and the diverse manner in which religion can manifest itself, in different cultural and social contexts, at a given time. In particular, the study focuses on the diversity of followers' world-views because of adherents' different social experiences, despite the core religious beliefs they share. Further, it explores the impact these differences can have on followers' perceptions of the roles they play and the identities they assume. These issues have been addressed primarily by means of qualitative research, conducted in Sri Lanka and Britain. Although the thesis refers to the theoretical standpoints of many sociologists, two approaches are of particular significance: the first is Robert K. Merton's role-theory, to understand religious identity in relation to individuals' multiple identities; and the second is feminist critiques, for their insight into the relationship between religion, patriarchy and gender. The results indicate that Islam is an important independent variable that has an impact upon many aspects of life, mainly because it is regarded as a source of guidance and identity for a majority of women in the study. It follows that an understanding of the traditions and beliefs based on religion is essential to recognise existing power structures and gender relations in Muslim communities. Religious traditions are often regarded as immutable, given the sources on which they are based; but, as this study indicates, traditions and beliefs based on religion can alter with transformations in the social and cultural milieu. As a source of identity, Islam gives Muslims a sense of belonging to a 'community' that transcends national and geographical boundaries, even if the members of that community follow different forms of Islam and have other identities - such as being Muslim and Sri Lankan and/or British and/or mother/wife and so on. What is of particular relevance to the sociology of religion is that, although the women in this study had multiple competing identities, their religious identity, unlike, say, their national or ethnic identities, was an exclusive characteristic.
16
De, Silva Weraduwage Indralal. "Implications of development programs for population redistribution in Sri Lanka with special reference to North Central Province and Colombo Region". Master's thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117610.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis analyses the overall migration trends and patterns in
Sri Lanka to identify the most popular migration destinations in the
country. For this purpose data from the ten percent sample of the
1971 and 1981 censuses were used. Two dominant migration streams were
observed: one in the wet zone to Colombo Region, and another in the
dry zone to North Central Province (NCP).
Since NCP and Colombo Region currently contain the leading
development programs of the country, the Mahaweli and the Investment
Promotion Zones respectively, the migration trends and patterns of
these areas were examined in more detail. The study thus has
highlighted some of the desirable and undesirable effects of the
leading development programs on population redistribution in the
country.
The findings indicate that there is also an increasing trend of
out-migration from NCP and therefore policies should be formulated to
encourage peasants to stay in NCP, at least to achieve the main
objectives of the Mahaweli program. The most crowded and one of the
most popular destinations in the country, Colombo Region, had the
highest net gain of recent migrants (those coming in the past five
years) , however lifetime net-migration was higher in NCP. From the
demographic point of view this higher attraction of migrants to
Colombo Region had an undesirable affect on the goal of achieving a
more equitable distribution of population in the country. Therefore
national development policies and population redistribution policies
should be integrated at the early stages of planning.
17
Abeysuriya, Kumudini Ranmali. "A pathway to sustainability in urban sanitation for developing Asian countries". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/599.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
University of Technology Sydney. Institute of Sustainable Futures.Sanitation in rapidly growing cities of developing Asian countries is a complex problem that often appears intractable and unyielding to standard problem-solving approaches. In this thesis, I provide a conceptual foundation aligned with sustainability to provide fresh guidance towards resolving this problem. I frame urban sanitation in developing Asian countries as a ‘messy’ planning-related problem, characterised by associations with multiple perspectives, key uncertainties and conflicting interests. In recognition that ‘messy’ problems cannot be confined within traditional disciplinary boundaries, the research uses transdisciplinarity as a guiding principle and methodology. It explores how new processes and complex systems ideas relevant for ‘messy’ problems can be applied to resolving urban sanitation. To ground the work in a real context, much of this work is explicated with reference to Colombo, Sri Lanka. My research highlights the role of dominant perspectives and worldviews in the organisation of sanitation practice. A review of sanitation history exposes changing paradigms, and the potential for developing Asian countries to move to radically different practices aligned with sustainability. I demonstrate that conceptions of costs and cost recovery for sanitation depend on perspective, by comparing how neoclassical economics’, ecological economics’ and Buddhist economics’ perspectives indicate different approaches to these, with different alignments with sustainability. By arguing that these perspectives are complementary rather than mutually exclusive, I integrate them to propose necessary principles for sustainable sanitation, namely, that: arrangements for sanitation should emphasise cooperation between stakeholders; efficiency goals should include entropy considerations; society as a whole should live within its means; and ethics and ‘goodness’ should underpin decision processes and choices. The thesis proposes a framework for participation to support decision-makers in resolving problematic sanitation. This supports the principle of cooperation between stakeholders, and the sustainability discourse’s emphasis of democracy and participation in decisions that affect them. It is a learning process based on soft systems methodology, bringing participants with specialist knowledge, stakeholder interests and broader societal values into dialogue that is explicitly designed to be deliberative, that can lead to a path to resolving the problem. Finally, I explore how ethics and ‘goodness’ can be woven into the provision of sanitation services, particularly with private sector actors who can potentially play a key role. I propose that their representation as metaphorical persons within current legal structures be extended so their behaviour is guided by a moral framework like real people in society. I propose that Buddhist economics can provide such a framework, raising expectations of behaviour grounded in ethics and goodness.
18
Abeysuriya, KR. "A pathway to sustainability in urban sanitation for developing Asian countries". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/20106.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
University of Technology Sydney. Institute of Sustainable Futures.Sanitation in rapidly growing cities of developing Asian countries is a complex problem that often appears intractable and unyielding to standard problem-solving approaches. In this thesis, I provide a conceptual foundation aligned with sustainability to provide fresh guidance towards resolving this problem. I frame urban sanitation in developing Asian countries as a ‘messy’ planning-related problem, characterised by associations with multiple perspectives, key uncertainties and conflicting interests. In recognition that ‘messy’ problems cannot be confined within traditional disciplinary boundaries, the research uses transdisciplinarity as a guiding principle and methodology. It explores how new processes and complex systems ideas relevant for ‘messy’ problems can be applied to resolving urban sanitation. To ground the work in a real context, much of this work is explicated with reference to Colombo, Sri Lanka. My research highlights the role of dominant perspectives and worldviews in the organisation of sanitation practice. A review of sanitation history exposes changing paradigms, and the potential for developing Asian countries to move to radically different practices aligned with sustainability. I demonstrate that conceptions of costs and cost recovery for sanitation depend on perspective, by comparing how neoclassical economics’, ecological economics’ and Buddhist economics’ perspectives indicate different approaches to these, with different alignments with sustainability. By arguing that these perspectives are complementary rather than mutually exclusive, I integrate them to propose necessary principles for sustainable sanitation, namely, that: arrangements for sanitation should emphasise cooperation between stakeholders; efficiency goals should include entropy considerations; society as a whole should live within its means; and ethics and ‘goodness’ should underpin decision processes and choices. The thesis proposes a framework for participation to support decision-makers in resolving problematic sanitation. This supports the principle of cooperation between stakeholders, and the sustainability discourse’s emphasis of democracy and participation in decisions that affect them. It is a learning process based on soft systems methodology, bringing participants with specialist knowledge, stakeholder interests and broader societal values into dialogue that is explicitly designed to be deliberative, that can lead to a path to resolving the problem. Finally, I explore how ethics and ‘goodness’ can be woven into the provision of sanitation services, particularly with private sector actors who can potentially play a key role. I propose that their representation as metaphorical persons within current legal structures be extended so their behaviour is guided by a moral framework like real people in society. I propose that Buddhist economics can provide such a framework, raising expectations of behaviour grounded in ethics and goodness.
19
Koralegedara, Suranjith Bandara, e 史朗祺. "Climate Change and its Effect on the Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Areas – A Comparative Study from Colombo, Sri Lanka and Taipei, Taiwan". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90735746416128977375.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士中國文化大學
地學研究所地理組碩士班
101
There are growing evidences of climate change and it is one of the top issues facing the world today. Extreme climatic events such as typhoons, heavy storms and droughts are becoming more frequent and destructive. It is important to understand how these climate changes systems will affect the future rainfall patterns as these variables are directly related to the long standing water balance, hence leading to water related issues, consequently threatening local livelihoods. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has been practiced for centuries and with modern system designs and technical advancements, it has become a worldwide popularity in recent decades. The historical and projected future rainfall data for Colombo, Sri Lanka and Taipei, Taiwan, downscaled from the global climate models using the LARS-WG stochastic weather generator was analysed, possible changes were identified and compared in this study. The impacts from the identified rainfall changes to the RWH systems were quantitatively analysed. Results show that there is more pronounced rainfall variability in the future date for Taipei and Colombo. However predicted rainfall results suggested that there are more extreme rainfall events in the future and the contribution to the daily rainfall from the extreme events are higher. Therefore it is evident that the rainfall patterns of these two cities will be altered, hence affecting to their established and planned RWH systems. Water security calculations for selected RWH systems under different scenarios (with and without climate change) indicate that the residential household level systems are being most affected by the potential climate change. However, impacts can still be disproportionate across the practitioners, due to differences in their adaptive capacities as well as with RWH systems go further away from the reference weather station. The study noted the absence of more specific and dynamic early warning system for the climate change and recommended such system be established in both cities to improve climate forecasting and increased awareness to cope with adverse water stresses for RWH systems and other hydrologic system practitioners.