Tesi sul tema "Collectors and collecting – Social aspects"

Orientador: Bruno Coraucci Filho
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A Política Nacional de Resíduos (PNRS), instituída pela Lei nº 12305 de 02 de agosto de 2010 e regulamentada pelo Decreto n° 7.404 de 23 de dezembro de 2010, apresenta a importância do tripé entre Poder Público, Empresas e Sociedade na gestão dos resíduos sólidos, incentivando a participação das cooperativas de catadores de material reciclável no processo de recebimento/coleta, triagem, enfardamento e comercialização dos materiais, como também pode-se destacar a importância que estas desempenham na inclusão social e geração de renda. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar efeitos causados pela PNRS, nas condições e no ambiente de trabalho das cooperativas, as mudanças ocorridas nas relações com as empresas e sociedade quanto ao volume e qualidade dos resíduos recebidos, e com os órgãos municipais. Foram pesquisadas as cooperativas conveniadas com a Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, onde estas responderam um formulário que levantou as variáveis: ambientais e sanitárias, econômicas, institucionais, infraestrutura e de saúde e segurança no trabalho. Foram entrevistados os presidentes das cooperativas, pois estes são os cooperados mais antigos e alguns até participarão na redação da lei. Foi possível assim retratar as condições das cooperativas e também conclui-se assim que a PNRS se configura como modeladora de novos paradigmas sociais, dentre os quais se destacam os princípios de responsabilidade social compartilhada e que as mudanças comportamentais pretendidas pelo documento legal não deverão ser obtidas de forma rápida, mas sim de forma gradual em avanços sucessivos. A aceleração deste processo somente será dada com o incremento da fiscalização e do apoio do poder público à questão da reciclagem, o que garantirá a efetividade da lei
Abstract: The National Waste Policy (PNRS), established by Law No. 12305 of August 2, 2010 and regulated by Decree No. 7,404 of December 23, 2010, shows the importance of the tripod between Government, the Companies and Society in waste management solid, encouraging the participation of waste pickers cooperatives in the receiving process / collection, sorting, baling and marketing of materials, but also can highlight the importance they play in the social inclusion and income generation. This research aimed to evaluate effects caused by PNRS under the conditions and in the work environment of cooperatives, changes in relationships with business and society about the size and quality of the waste received, and municipal agencies. The cooperatives were surveyed with the city of São Paulo City Hall, where they answered a form that lifted the variables: environmental, sanitary, economic, institutional, infrastructure, health and safety at work. We interviewed the presidents of cooperatives, as these are the oldest cooperative and some even participate in drafting the law. It was this possible to portray the conditions of cooperatives and concluded as soon as the PNRS is configured as shaping of new social paradigms, among which stand out the principle of shared social responsibility, required behavioral changes by the legal document should not be obtained quickly, but gradually in successive advances. The acceleration of this process will only be given to increasing the supervision and government support to the issue of recycling, which will ensure the effectiveness of the law
Doutorado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Doutor em Engenharia Civil

Cette thèse se propose d'explorer ce que signifie "être agriculteur bio" aujourd'hui en Wallonie. Après une analyse socio-historique du développement de l'agriculture biologique dans cette région d'Europe, la première partie s'attache à comprendre en finesse les parcours de vie des agriculteurs bio wallons, leurs pratiques ainsi que la construction de leurs identités professionnelles. La deuxième partie se penche quant à elle sur les aspects institutionnels de l'agriculture bio :sur la structuration du secteur syndical et associatif ainsi que sur les interactions entre les pratiques des agriculteurs et la législation encadrant l'agriculture biologique.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Humanity's relationship with rocks is a long-standing one. Belk (1995, p.2) describes archaeological evidence of early assemblages of rocks found in Cro-Magnon caves that would not be out of place in contemporary rock-collections. Historically, apart from being used as material for tools and buildings. rocks were also used for magical, pharmaceutical and decorative purposes. During the Renaissance and Enlightenment, the practice of collecting rocks became associated with the sense of discovery and the colonial expansion of western European civilization across world, and with advances in mining, science and industry. It is a practice that continues through to the present day. This thesis is an ethnography that asks contemporary rock collectors: why do they collect rocks? How do they collect rocks? And, how do they talk about them? Adapting Foucault's theoretical framework on discourse (1970) and utilising positions on collecting put forward by Baudrillard ( 1994), Belk ( 1995), Benjamin (1999), and others, the thesis analyses interviews and images of rock-collectors and their collections and puts forward a snapshot of the discourse of rocks and rock-collecting as currently practiced. The thesis's theoretical framework is first tested on texts of popular culture on rocks and rock-collecting to locate and identify the statements and discursive formations that make up the discourse, and then it is applied to the interviews of contemporary collectors talking about their collections. While some rock collectors practice alone and their approaches may appear idiosyncratic, others, sharing knowledge and experience, practice in a club environment. The collectors' approaches to rock collecting range from the taxonomic and scientific to the aesthetic and utilitarian, personal and historical, and, for some, to the metaphysical. In Australia some aspects of rock-collecting are allied to prospecting and mining. For some collectors the rocks are souvenirs, and are connected to travel. For other collectors rock-collecting is associated with understandings of nature, time and space. The interviews reveal that in a consumer society rocks are also commodities, with many of the collectors not only acquiring their rocks in the field, but also buying what they cannot find, or trade, for their collection. The analysis of the collectors' interviews demonstrates that the discourse does not stand as an isolated figure, but shares statements and configurations of statements with many other discourses in the field of knowledge, including science, history, archaeology and metaphysics. The interviews also illustrate how discourse and their associated practices are subject to external and internal rules and regulations, imposed by the State, and by institutions of academia and cultural and scientific practices, such as museums and universities. Some collectors aspire to emulate museums, and wish to share with others knowledge about to their collection through exhibition. The variety of themes and practices found in the interviews reinforce Foucault's proposition that within a discourse statements and configurations of statements may arise that are incompatible and form diffractions in the discourse. While apparently incompatible themes, variations and differences exist within the discourse, the analysis of the interviews and the conclusion of the thesis underscore the underlying unities of the discourse of rocks and rock-collecting.

Comment les membres d'un groupe peuvent-ils aboutir, à travers un processus décentralisé de décision, à un accord normatif sur l'action collective ? Le problème sociologique des normes trouve son équivalent en économie dans l'échec de l'offre des biens publics. Notre thèse présente une reconstruction des liens entre l'économie et la sociologie en s'appuyant sur le concept de "capital social". En plus de l'intérêt matériel, le langage ordinaire se révèle comme "medium" des interactions sociales. Nous confrontons l'approche instrumentale de J. S. Coleman et la sociologie critique de J. Habermas aux problèmes de coordination dans le milieu du travail. A l'aide d'une enquête sur le recouvrement des créances bancaires, nous apportons une réponse ergologique à la question de la régulation sociale. En passant du langage ordinaire au langage professionnel, nous posons l'acitivité "industrieuse" et l'activité "discursive" comme cadres pertinents pour l'analyse pluridisciplinaire de l'action collective.

La négociation collective d'entreprise est à l'origine d'une régulation sociale et encadre les relations quotidiennes de travail. L'objet de ce travail est donc de mesurer la capacité des règles figurant dans un accord collectif d'entreprise a encadrer voire contrôler les décisions prises en son application, en d'autres termes à orienter la rationalité des acteurs. Plus précisément, il s'agit d'analyser dans quelle mesure le contenu des accords collectifs d'entreprise favorise l'acceptation par les salariés des décisions de gestion y figurant. L'accord octroie aux acteurs des sources de pouvoir qui peuvent constituer soit des ressources, soit des contraintes. Le cas particulier du travail à temps partiel dans le secteur des assurances permet d'illustrer la capacité d'un accord collectif d'entreprise à encadrer le jeu des acteurs. En effet, en tant que source de création de règles, la négociation collective d'entreprise peut être considérée comme une "régulation de contrôle" à l'égard de la "régulation autonome" issue des interactions quotidiennes entre acteurs au sein de l'entreprise. Le test des hypothèses a été réalisé à partir de la confrontation d'accords collectifs d'entreprise de plusieurs entreprises et de bilans sociaux (134 années). Les résultats de cette recherche permettent de conclure à l'impact du mode de prise de décisions sur la conflictualité (une décision négociée avec les salariés réduit les risques de conflictualité). De même, l'existence d'un acteur chargé du suivi de l'accord favorise l'atteinte des objectifs poursuivis par celui-ci
Enterprise collective bargaining produces social regulation and controls day to day industrial relations. This work tries therefore to measure the ability of enterprise collective agreements to control decisions taken in their application and the actors rationality. It analyses in which measure an enterprise collective agreement furthers worker's acceptance of management decisions that the agreement have produced. It gives the actors power sources which can be resources or constraints. Part time in insurances sector case shows the ability of enterprise collective agreement to control actor's game. Indeed, as a source of rule creation, enterprise collective bargaining can be considered as "control regulation" with regard to "autonomous regulation" created by interactions between actors in the firm. We have tested the hypothesis by confronting some enterprise collective agreements and internal social figures (134 years). The results of this research allow us to come to the conclusion that the way decisions are taken have an impact on conflictuality. In the same way, the existence of an actor controlling the agreement helps to reach its objectives

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A Biblioteca Central da universidade federal de Mato Grosso conta com um acervo de coleção de obras raras e especiais que recebe o nome do colecionador: Coleção Amidicis Tocantins - CAT. O colecionador, um homem comum, mas que gostava de colecionar livros de relevância social, faleceu e deixou a coleção aos cuidados da família, que decidiu doar a coleção. O processo de doação foi intermediado pelos membros da família e a reitoria da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, que no período demonstrou interesse em receber a coleção. A Biblioteca Central, como muitas outras bibliotecas públicas brasileiras, passa por problemas financeiros para o tratamento adequado da coleção, seja estrutural ou de capacitação pessoal. Dessa forma, as obras pertencentes à coleção não possuem tratamento algum, o que vem gerando muitos questionamentos. E a questão aqui trabalhada é: pode uma coleção anteriormente particular representar a memória coletiva? Na busca para a resolução dessa questão, elencou-se como objetivo principal identificar e discutir a relevância de uma coleção institucionalizada na configuração da memória social, no âmbito da Ciência da Informação, por meio do estudo do caso da Coleção Amidicis Tocantins. Nesse seguimento, busca-se analisar, no âmbito da Ciência da Informação, os termos coleção, objeto, memória e lugar de memória, estabelecendo assim um diálogo entre esses conceitos; analisar in loco a Coleção Amidicis Tocantins a fim de coletar informações e interpretar por meio da literatura as questões pertinentes ao significado e finalidade da coleção; apresentar de que forma a Coleções Amidicis Tocantins pode representar a memória social e refletir nos motivos pelo qual foi escolhida pela instituição. A metodologia do trabalho é o estudo de caso, na qual se utilizou da proposição teórica para se analisar os dados, dispostos em forma analítica e texto. A Coleção Amidicis...
The Mato Grosso Federal University Central Library counts with a collection of rare and special works that receives the collector's name: Coleção Amidicis Tocantins - CAT. The collector, a common man, who liked to collect social relevant books, died and left the collection under the care of his family which decided to donate the collection. The donation process was intermediated by the family members and the Mato Grosso Federal University rector who in the period showed interest in receiving the collection. The Central Library, as many others Brazilian public universities, struggles with financial problems to give proper treatment to the collection, be it structural or of personal capacitation.This way the works that belong to the collection don't have any treatment, which has been causing many questioning s. And the question here worked is: Can a previously particular collection represent a collective memory? In the search for the resolution of this question it was ranked as the main objective to identify and discuss the relevance of an institutionalized collection in the configuration of social memory, in the Information Science scope, through the studying of the Amidicis Tocantins Collection case. In this sequence it is aimed to analyze, in the Information Science scope, the terms collection, object, memory and place of memory, establishing, there for, a dialogue between these concepts; to analyze in loco the Amidicis Tocantins Collection in order to collect information and to interpret, through the literature, the questions pertinent to the collection's meaning and finality; to present how the Amidicis Tocantins Collection can represent a social memory and reflect the motives for which it was chosen by the institution. The works methodology is a case study in which has been utilized the theoretical proposition to analyze the data displaced in an analytical form and text.The Amidicis Tocantins Collection was analyzed in the ...

Orientadora: Maria Leandra Bizello
Banca: Ana Cristina Albuquerque
Banca: João Batista Ernesto de Moraes
Resumo: A Biblioteca Central da universidade federal de Mato Grosso conta com um acervo de coleção de obras raras e especiais que recebe o nome do colecionador: Coleção Amidicis Tocantins - CAT. O colecionador, um homem comum, mas que gostava de colecionar livros de relevância social, faleceu e deixou a coleção aos cuidados da família, que decidiu doar a coleção. O processo de doação foi intermediado pelos membros da família e a reitoria da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, que no período demonstrou interesse em receber a coleção. A Biblioteca Central, como muitas outras bibliotecas públicas brasileiras, passa por problemas financeiros para o tratamento adequado da coleção, seja estrutural ou de capacitação pessoal. Dessa forma, as obras pertencentes à coleção não possuem tratamento algum, o que vem gerando muitos questionamentos. E a questão aqui trabalhada é: pode uma coleção anteriormente particular representar a memória coletiva? Na busca para a resolução dessa questão, elencou-se como objetivo principal identificar e discutir a relevância de uma coleção institucionalizada na configuração da memória social, no âmbito da Ciência da Informação, por meio do estudo do caso da Coleção Amidicis Tocantins. Nesse seguimento, busca-se analisar, no âmbito da Ciência da Informação, os termos coleção, objeto, memória e lugar de memória, estabelecendo assim um diálogo entre esses conceitos; analisar in loco a Coleção Amidicis Tocantins a fim de coletar informações e interpretar por meio da literatura as questões pertinentes ao significado e finalidade da coleção; apresentar de que forma a Coleções Amidicis Tocantins pode representar a memória social e refletir nos motivos pelo qual foi escolhida pela instituição. A metodologia do trabalho é o estudo de caso, na qual se utilizou da ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Mato Grosso Federal University Central Library counts with a collection of rare and special works that receives the collector's name: Coleção Amidicis Tocantins - CAT. The collector, a common man, who liked to collect social relevant books, died and left the collection under the care of his family which decided to donate the collection. The donation process was intermediated by the family members and the Mato Grosso Federal University rector who in the period showed interest in receiving the collection. The Central Library, as many others Brazilian public universities, struggles with financial problems to give proper treatment to the collection, be it structural or of personal capacitation.This way the works that belong to the collection don't have any treatment, which has been causing many questioning s. And the question here worked is: Can a previously particular collection represent a collective memory? In the search for the resolution of this question it was ranked as the main objective to identify and discuss the relevance of an institutionalized collection in the configuration of social memory, in the Information Science scope, through the studying of the Amidicis Tocantins Collection case. In this sequence it is aimed to analyze, in the Information Science scope, the terms collection, object, memory and place of memory, establishing, there for, a dialogue between these concepts; to analyze in loco the Amidicis Tocantins Collection in order to collect information and to interpret, through the literature, the questions pertinent to the collection's meaning and finality; to present how the Amidicis Tocantins Collection can represent a social memory and reflect the motives for which it was chosen by the institution. The works methodology is a case study in which has been utilized the theoretical proposition to analyze the data ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

This thesis investigates how museum companions organise their conduct regarding their engagement with the exhibition and their social interaction with each other in the course of a visit. The main objectives of the thesis are the empirical investigation of social conduct in casual group museum visits and the exploration and understanding of social conduct in real-time distributed museum visits through mobile mixed reality technology. A third area of interest is the application of qualitative methodology, based on ethnomethodology and ethnographic methods, for the fulfilment of the above objectives. In particular this thesis presents and discusses fieldwork of collocated casual group visits alongside video recording and interviews collected in distributed museum visits during trial sessions in the Mack Room mixed reality museum environment. Drawing on vignettes of activity among collocated and distributed participants, the thesis develops discussion around three themes: the collaborative exploration of museum artefacts, aspects of the collaborative management of shared museum visits and the constitution of the visiting ‘order’ in and through social conduct. Among others, issues of collaborative alignment, awareness, indication of engagement and disengagement and conflicting accountabilities are discussed. The contribution of this thesis in current research in museum studies, CSCW and social science is explored. Findings reported in this thesis extend current visitor studies research to include the study of social conduct in the management of collocated visits and the constitution of visiting order. They also suggest that studies of sociality among distributed visitors may open opportunities for museums to support mutually complementing local and distributed experiences. With regard to understanding asymmetries in mobile mixed reality environments, the thesis points out that asymmetries could be better understood with reference to the activity in context rather than the technological features themselves. This thesis also makes a contribution to social studies research with regard to exploring the changing character of talk in distributed collaborative settings. Future research with respect to mixed reality applications for museum visits is also outlined.

As non-institutional digital image collections expand into social media, independent non-professional image curators are emerging, actively constructing alternative naming conventions to suit their needs in a social collecting environment. This project considers how independent user-curators are developing particular sense-making behaviors as they actively contribute names to large, unstructured social image collections. In order to capture and explore this evolving language adaptation, Pinterest names are analyzed using a matrix composed of Panofsky’s three strata of subject matter, Rosch’s levels of categorical abstraction, Shatford Layne’s image attributes and Wittgenstein’s language game constructions. Analyzing Pinterest image names illuminates previously unnoticed behaviors by independent user-curators as they create shared collections. Exploring the various language choices which user-curators select as they apply this new curating vocabulary helps identify underlying user needs not apparent in traditionally curated collections restricted to traditional naming conventions.

This thesis considers the contemporary work of the museum in the post-industrial setting of Glasgow. It interprets and understands how the museum as a space gives voice to New Labour’s concepts of social inclusion and citizenship whilst being embroiled in the wider process of urban regeneration and city enhancement. This research has been conducted using a mixed methodology incorporating policy analysis, participant observation and interviews, engaging with policy documentation, museum professionals and museum users in its goal to understand how the museum has been and is positioned within society. In exploring how museums have sought to become more socially inclusive, the research examined four different programmes in detail. These included two outreach projects; one working with adult learners and the other with different religious groups in the city. The research has also followed the contribution of a group of volunteers and finally it has engaged with the on-going processes surrounding the building of the city’s latest museum. The research findings have highlighted a complex and entangled set of power relations in the attempts to articulate social inclusion policy through the museum. This suggests, building upon the work of Foucault, that the museum embraces a soft-disciplinary power in relation to citizens. Specific programmes of the museum service targeting social inclusion reveal the benefits the individual may enjoy through participating in cultural events from which they might otherwise feel excluded. Yet, the reach of such programmes question the extent to which they are able to address social inclusion in the city. Recent developments – the production of the city’s newest museum as part of the riverside regeneration in particular – reveal how the installation of the iconic museum is closely allied to the wider project of urban economic regeneration. The planning of the Riverside Museum, however, has been attentive to the social inclusion agenda, particularly through the questions of access. Finally, the research shows how the city’s dominant growth agenda has resulted in a changing role for curators, shifting their agency away from a more traditional practice in which they were key gatekeepers, coordinating what museums displayed and how they did so, and towards a role that reflects a more scrutinised form of managerial control.

Depuis sa genèse, jusqu' à l' état actuel, Casablanca a connu des transformations radicales, la configuration de la ville a changé et la conception de l'espace urbain aussi. C'est une ville qui offre actuellement l'image d'une métropole en mouvement perpétuel. Cette étude prend en compte, pour comprendre la situation présente, les processus du développement d'une ville devenue en moins d'un demi-siècle la métropole nationale. La deuxième est de saisir les évolutions de l'espace et de structuration de l'aire urbaine, dont l' extension a donné naissance à un espace périphérique, de formation récente, développé depuis les années 1970. C'est dans cette perspective que nous avons développé cette étude en prenant en considération la dimension sociale des mutations spatiales que Casablanca a connu et notamment sur les inégalités que son développement a produites. L'étude s'inscrit dans le contexte de la réflexion des chercheurs comme des décideurs sur quelques enjeux essentiels de la croissance urbaine du Maroc : enjeux désormais classiques, de la lutte contre les disparités sociales et spatiales, enjeux plus nouveaux comme ceux de la maîtrise de l'étalement urbain.

L'effervescence contestataire des années 90 s'accompagne, en France comme dans d'autres pays européens, de la réactivation d'une forme originale de l'engagement politique basée sur l'intervention artistique. La participation d'artistes avec leurs outils propres exacerbe les dimensions esthétiques de la mobilisation et révèle les enjeux contemporains de la démocratisation de l'art ainsi que le rôle de l'environnement urbain dans l'action collective. La recherche interroge ce phénomène dans ses dimensions artistiques, politiques et urbaines et leurs interactions à partir d'un travail de terrain investissant quatre collectifs d'artistes-activistes à Paris et à Londres. L'étude de collectifs hybrides permet de saisir les modes de mobilisation, de participation et d'organisation qui actualisent à la fois les pratiques militantes et artistiques
The protest movements of the 90s comes along, in France as in other European countries, of the reactication of an original form of the political commitment based on the artistic intervention. The participation of artists highlights the aesthetic dimensions of the mobilization and reveals the contemporary stakes in the democratization of the art as well as the role of the urban environment in the collective action. The research interrogates this phenomenom in its artistic, political and urban dimensions and their interactions from an ethnographical work about four groups of activist artists in Paris and in London. The study of hybrid groups allows to understand the modes of mobilization , participation and organization which update the militant and artistic practices

La pluspart des travaux situés à l'intersection des domaines de la formation de la stratégie, de l'innovation technologique et de la création d'entreprise, mettent en exergue le rôle déterminant de l'apprentissage individuel et organisationnel dans le processus d'émérgence de la jeune entreprise de haute technologie. Toutefoois, ces travaux comportent un ensemble de dualismes irréductibles et se trouvent tiraillés entre quatre dérives principales : une dérive démiurgique, une dérive béhavioriste, une dérive culturaliste et une dérive adaptative. Rappelant l'origine sociale et intersubjective de toute connaissance, ce travail explore l'articulation entre les apprentissages individuels et collectifs qui fonde l'émergence de la démarche stratégique et propose une conceptualisation centrée sur la structuration des processus d'interactions communicationnelles au sein de la jeune entreprise de haute technologie. Modélisation procédurale qui conduit à "désenchanter" les phénomènes de l'émergence de la stratégie et de la création d'entreprise en montrant comment l'équipe entrepreneuriale progresse à travers des éléments de connaissance ordinaire et forge -parfois de façon non intentionnelle- des dispositifs interprétatifs collectifs qui orientent durablement le système d'action de la jeune entreprise de haute technologie. Sur les plans épistémologiques et méthodologiques, ce travail rappelle les fondements de la dynamique interprétative qui transforme le chercheur en un autodidacte conscient des pré-conceptions qui le guident dans sa démarche et argumente l'intérêt de procéder à des investigations fondées sur des études de cas uniques.

Cette thèse analyse comment, au sein d'une configuration locale particulière, des mécanismes institutionnels contribuent au processus d'ethnicisation des rapports sociaux. Face à la dérégulation économique et à la marginalisation que celle-ci engendre, les métamorphoses des modes d'action de l'Etat et des communes "providence" encadrent les évolutions des relations interethniques. Dans ce mouvement, la "préférence locale" en direction des montreuillois est conçue pour donner accès aux ressources redistribuées localement aux demandeurs ayant des revenus faibles ou aléatoires. Elle permet également de contourner les discriminations racistes dans l'accès au logement social, aux loisirs et aux emplois municipaux sans avoir recours à une catégorisation ethnique des publics, illégale en France. Cependant, ce principe de justice transversal est empreint d'ambivalence. Si la qualité de montreuillois peut s'acquérir par différents modes, elle s'ancre dans une généalogie et des traditions de résistance réinventées, arrimées à l'identité nationale. Elle prend alors une acception restrictive. Ces reconstructions de l'histoire locale et nationale encadrent la mise à distance des ressortissants des anciennes colonies françaises et de leurs enfants et, plus largement, des précaires portant des signes de la différence ethnique ou "raciale" avec le groupe majoritaire. Pourtant, dans cette commune de l'ancienne banlieue rouge, la valorisation de l'identité montreuilloise permet de fonder une unité locale non plus sur une identité politique de classe mais sur une identité symbolique d'autochtone forgée autour d'un idéal de solidarité et d'antiracisme, à partir desquels se construisent des engagements de bénévoles et de militants. Elle ouvre des espaces de négociations et de dialogue pour les associations de migrants qui prennent appui sur cette possibilité pour investir les arènes politiques locales
The research focuses on how institutions contribute to social relations ethnicisation in a locality of the Parisian area. Local "racial" and ethnic relations are analysed along with economic deregulation and the ways the decentralised French Welfare State tackle marginality. In that process, the "local preference" dedicated to the inhabitants of the city of Montreuil is meant to improve access of marginalized households to local resources. Plus, it allows local authorities to get around racist discriminations without using ethnic categories to designate their "public", as the French law forbids it. However, this transversal justice principle is ambivalent. If the quality of "Montreuillois" can be obtained through different modes, it is based on the invention of a local genealogy and traditions, embedded in national identity. In that perspective, "local preference" takes a restrictive meaning. These reconstructions of local and national history establish a social distance between migrants from former French colonies (and, beyond them, the marginalized persons bearing signs of ethnic or "racial" difference) and the majority. However, in that communist town for decades, the valorisation of local identity constructs a local unity that is not anymore based on a class identity but on a symbolic autochthonous identity backed on to solidarity and antiracism, which develops collective participation and frames of negotiation

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One of the main problems of today's society is the high production of urban waste. The main cities of Brazil find it difficult to dispose of this material in the soil. Thus, the present study had as objectives: to investigate the practice of selective garbage collection, its difficulties, benefits and improvements, and check what the consumer does with the garbage, study the collectors, the city of São Bernardo do Campo, and the conditions of reuse of what was collected by them, because there are materials that do not have a market for recycling. For this, the concepts of Brandalise et al. (2014) due to environmental education, Bernardo and Ramos (2016) due to the selective collection, Demajorovic et al. (2014) due to the reverse logistics, Baptista (2015) due to the cooperative of collectors. As for the method for the elaboration of this work, a quantitative approach was adopted, based on the theory of Godoi et al. (2010), the data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, 8 interviewees were interviewed, 4 interviewees have a direct relationship with the recycling chain, and 4 interviewees, who are consumers, who have no relation to the chain in question. It was found in the study that there is an indication that the level of consciousness needs to increase, although people know the existence and importance of garbage collection, the practice does not always match what people say about being aware and knowledge about the existence of the law that deals with this. Another piece of information relates to the public power, which needs to act with more expression and commitment to the environment, due to the manipulation of information and knowledge that can cause an increase in environmental awareness in society, on the structuring of the city to receive And to work selective collection of garbage, regarding the application of the PNRS law, as a form of prevention of natural resources, To be proactive in the activities of collectors' cooperatives in relation to private sector companies, there is a high concern with the production of waste versus what is collected for recycling, it is also concerned with the destination and the return of this material to the productive chain. That the law may charge applications of responsibilities and punish possible noncompliance regarding the environmental context. However, the more one invests in the prevention of environmental resources, the smaller the occurrences to public health.
Um dos principais problemas da sociedade atual é a alta produção de lixo urbano. As principais cidades do Brasil encontram dificuldades para dispor esse material no solo. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: investigar a prática da coleta seletiva de lixo, suas dificuldades, benefícios e melhorias, assim como verificar o que o consumidor faz com o lixo, estudar os catadores, a prefeitura de São Bernardo do Campo e as condições de reaproveitamento do que foi coletado por eles, em razão de haver materiais que não possuem mercado para a reciclagem. Para tanto, foram utilizados os conceitos de Brandalise et al. (2014) em função da educação ambiental, Bernardo e Ramos (2016) em função da coleta seletiva, Demajorovic et al. (2014) em função da logística reversa, Baptista (2015) em função da cooperativa de catadores. Quanto ao método para a elaboração desse trabalho foi assumida uma abordagem qualitativa, com base na teoria de Godoi et al. (2010), os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram oito pessoas entrevistadas, sendo que quatro entrevistados possuem relação direta com a cadeia produtiva da reciclagem e os outros quatro entrevistados são consumidores, que não possuem relação com a cadeia em questão. Constatou-se no estudo que há indicação que o nível de consciência precisa aumentar, embora as pessoas saibam da existência e da importância da coleta de lixo, a prática nem sempre condiz com o que as pessoas dizem de ter consciência e conhecimento sobre a existência da lei que trata disso. Outro dado apurado diz respeito ao poder público, que precisa atuar com mais expressão e compromisso com o meio ambiente, em virtude da manipulação da informação e do conhecimento que podem causar um aumento na conscientização ambiental na sociedade, sobre a estruturação da cidade para receber e trabalhar a coleta seletiva de lixo, quanto à aplicação da lei da PNRS, como forma de prevenção dos recursos naturais, ser proativo na atuação das cooperativas de catadores em relação às empresas do setor privado. Existe uma alta preocupação com a produção de lixo versus o que é recolhido para a reciclagem, preocupa-se também com a destinação e o retorno desse material para a cadeia produtiva, que a lei possa cobrar aplicações de responsabilidades e punir possíveis descumprimentos referentes ao contexto ambiental. Contudo, quanto mais se investe na prevenção dos recursos ambientais, menores serão as ocorrências à saúde pública.

Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude des expositions d'histoire naturelle et de leur devenir en France au cours du XIXe siècle. Dans un cadre temporel qui s'étend du début du XIXe siècle au commencement du XXe, nous montrons la mise en place d'une disposition de plus en plus spectaculaire des objets naturels. Le dense milieu visuel caractérisant l'environnement urbain de cette époque, introduit au sein des musées et des collections d'histoire naturelle de nouvelles normes et modalités de présentation. De surcroît, dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, les expositions universelles, événements internationaux combinant divertissement, science et mercantilisme, constituent un lieu idéal pour exercer et véhiculer de nouvelles techniques de mise en scène des thèmes scientifiques. Le responsable principal de ces montages de pièces d'histoire naturelle est le préparateur, dont le métier consiste à transformer les spécimens en objets d'exhibition. A cette fin, il associe les sciences aux arts et joue ainsi un important rôle d'agent médiateur entre le milieu scientifique et le public. En outre, du fait de l'orientation des sciences naturelles vers des pratiques expérimentales et des formes de représentations plus conceptuelles, le préparateur est conduit à se tourner davantage vers des activités plus populaires dans la société, notamment le montage de pièces ornementales, et la création de cabinets de cire et de dioramas. Par conséquent, à la veille du XXe siècle, les musées d'histoire naturelle deviennent de véritables lieux de spectacles et de loisirs dans le paysage urbain
The subject of this thesis is the study of natural history exhibitions and their development in France during the 19th century. In a time frame extending from the beginning of the 19th century to the commencement of the 20th century, we shall show the increasingly spectacular way in which natural objects were displayed. The dense visual milieu characteristic of the urban environment of the period introduced new norms and methods of display into museums and natural history collections. Furthermore, in the second half of the 19th century, the universal expositions, international events combining entertainment, science and mercantilism, provided an ideal space to exercise and emit new techniques for displaying scientific themes. The main author of these displays of natural history pieces is the scientific auxiliary, whose profession consists of transforming the specimens into objects for exhibition. In order to do this, he associates the sciences to the arts, thus playing an important role as a mediator between the scientific milieu and the public. Moreover, given the orientation of natural sciences towards experimental practice and more conceptual forms of representation, the scientific auxiliary is increasingly oriented towards the popular activities of society, such as the preparation of ornamental articles and the creation of wax cabinets and dioramas. As a result, on the eve of the 20th century, natural history museums actually became sites for show and amusement in the urban landscape

A growing body of evidence now exist, which suggests that Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. There is, however, a paucity of empirical knowledge and evidence-base of the role of Facilities Management (FM) in the control of HAI. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to investigate the role of FM in the control of HAI. The focus of the study is on domestic services. The research methodology of the study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Altogether, 81 interviews were carried out involving experts in the areas of FM and HAI in the National Health Service (NHS). The qualitative data collected was analysed using content analysis. The qualitative data sets were then augmented by 412 completed questionnaires. The quantitative data sets obtained were subjected to rigorous statistical analyses. The study concluded that FM has a major role to play in the control of HAI, mainly in terms of cleaning, catering, waste management and laundry and linen services. However, FM is yet to feature prominently in the ‘control of HAI agenda’ in the NHS. There is evidence and lack of clarity on the roles and clear lines of communication between the major players in the control of HAI in FM services. There is a relatively low level of integration between the clinical teams and FM teams in the control of HAI. The roles and benefits of knowledge management and performance management are yet to be fully exploited in FM services in the control of HAI. A Performance Management Framework (PMF) for the control of HAI in FM services (particularly in domestic services) have been developed, tested and validated. The study recommends, inter alia, that FM should be made integral to the core services in hospitals for effective control of HAI. A national training and education framework for FM teams should be developed in order to enable them to carry out their work to the highest standards. There is also a need to adhere to a Performance Management Framework (PMF), which allows FM services to monitor and measure the performances in the control of HAI. The research methodology employed in this study could be replicated in different countries, including developing countries. There is also scope to research the key motivational constructs associated with effective knowledge sharing between the domestics and ICT teams in the control of HAI.

Background and rationale: Collecting is a basic human activity, a cultural phenomenon establishing cultural values, defining authenticity and creating new identities for collected objects and collectors. For more than a decade, I have studied cultural heritage collections from three key interwoven perspectives. These approaches are evident in the six publications selected for this submission: • Architectural and organisational perspective: at the Vatican Gallery (Innocenti 2001a), Uffizi (Innocenti 2003a) and Biblioteca Laurenziana (Innocenti 2002a) I investigated institutional collector and key stakeholder strategies for designing collection space and displays. I then applied this analysis to‘knowledge architecture’ for industrial design artefacts and processes (Innocenti 2004c). • Procedural and functional perspective: from Palladio drawings (Innocenti 2005a) to industrial design knowledge bases (Innocenti 2004a), I investigated how to digitize, archive, render and make accessible cultural heritage as an accurate iconic representation, interwoven with documentary and cultural contexts. The work further led me to study the authenticity of born-digital artworks (Innocenti 2012c). • Artefact perspective: I explored how artists and institutional collectors address the preservation of artworks, from the Renaissance desks of the Biblioteca Laurenziana (Innocenti 2002a) to digital artworks (Innocenti 2012c), and the historical and theoretical implications of their choices. In each of these areas, I contextualized the interrelations between cultural heritage discourse and the history of collecting cultural artefacts within given historical, social and cultural periods. My work began in Italy, where cultural heritage is deeply rooted and widespread, and moved on to encompass Europe and North America in tracing the evolution of cultural heritage collectors’ strategies. I adopted an interdisciplinary approach, engaging perspectives, methods and theoretical frameworks from art history, art theory, museography, museology, library and information science, information technology, social anthropology and engineering. Starting from this multi-focal vantage point my research has resulted in contributions to knowledge, methods and theory. These publications on one hand demonstrate the continuum of key issues in cultural heritage creation, preservation and access as manifested in the strategies of institutional collectors and artists. On the other hand, they highlight the new paradigms and transformations introduced by digital and communication technologies, the shaping of cultural heritage informatics to address these transformations and the theoretical and methodological implications underlying them. Through my scholarly research, I contributed to progressing the canonical historicisation of cultural heritage, museography and museology, and to exploring the new paradigms and transformations introduced by digital and communication technologies to the disruptive and exciting world of cultural heritage informatics. The portfolio: The portfolio is a selection from Perla Innocenti’s more than forty publications of research carried out since 2001 on cultural heritage and informatics with the Universitá degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte in Rome, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna, Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Fondazione Andrea Palladio, Politecnico di Milano and EU-funded projects SHAMAN and MeLa. Six scientific publications are presented: two journal articles, a scholarly treatise, a published conference paper, key chapters from a monograph and one book chapter from an edited volume. The works have two key themes relevant to the critical analysis and understanding of heritage institutions’ evolution up to the digital age. The themes illustrate the contribution each publication has made to the literature and explain the relationship between the works submitted, including developments which have occurred between one piece and another. Theme I: Evolution of museography, museology and heritage studies Three publications are presented under this theme, each of these presenting the critical analysis of cultural heritage institutions and their artefacts within the historical evolution of museums and libraries. Publication I presents the critical analysis of the museographic principles applied by Luca Beltrami to the design of the Vatican Gallery, investigated and contextualised within its museographical and cultural history (Innocenti 2001a). Publication II presents the critical analysis and findings of the museological and museographical principles applied by Corrado Ricci to the Uffizi Gallery in the 19th Century, compared with the contemporary principles in the Uffizi applied by the former Superintendent and Italian Ministry Antonio Paolucci (Innocenti 2003a). Publication III presents the analysis and original findings of Michelangelo’s ergonomic design of the Biblioteca Laurenziana fittings, within the historical evolution of libraries (Innocenti 2002a). Theme II: Creating, managing, disseminating and preserving digital cultural heritage The publications presented in this theme relate to methodologies and processes characterising diverse typologies of analogue and digital cultural heritage and the emerging field of cultural informatics. Publication IV presents the novel methodological approach defined and applied within a relevant digitization project of Andrea Palladio manuscripts and maps (Innocenti 2005a). Publication V presents the outcomes of my investigation defining and implementing an online knowledge-based system supporting research and teaching of industrial design, which is formally considered part of Italian cultural heritage (Innocenti 2004a). Publication VI discusses the repositioning of traditional conservation concepts of historicity, authenticity and versioning in relation to born-digital artworks, based on findings from my research on preservation of computer-based artefacts by public collectors (Innocenti 2012a).

As the first major study of the portrait artist Bernard Fleetwood-Walker (1893-1965), this thesis locates the artist in his social, political and economic context, arguing that his portraiture can be seen as an exemplar of modernity. The portraits are shown to be responses to modern life, revealed not in formally avant-garde depictions, but in the subject-matter. Industrial growth, the increasing population, expanding suburbs, and a renewed interest in the outdoor life and popular entertainment are reflected in Fleetwood-Walker’s artistic output. The role played by exhibition culture in the creation of the portraits is analysed: developing retail theory affected gallery design and exhibition layout and in turn impacted on the size, subject matter and style of Fleetwood-Walker’s portraits. Emerging, and soon dominant, tabloid newspapers shaped content and language to attract readers, influencing the articulation of the reception of the artist’s work. This thesis also makes a contribution to the regional perspective, demonstrating the temporary co-existence of multiple, heterogeneous, modern art worlds. Throughout the thesis the relevance of economic factors is emphasised, reappraising the Marxist theory of modern art and concluding that a more complex economic description is required to provide a sensitive and insightful analysis of art history.

Nous analysons les mutations introduites par l'électricité dans la société gabonaise. L'électrification du territoire est abordée à travers une périodisation qui embrasse la période coloniale et postcoloniale. Les réseaux électriques sont d'abord implantés dans les villes portuaires. Ils s'étendent, à partir des années 1960, à l'intérieur du pays. La nécessité de diversifier les sources de production conduit le pays à s'ouvrir, dans les années 1970, à l'hydroélectricité. Ces différentes réalisations s'accompagnent des initiatives économiques et des politiques d'équipements publics visant à améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. Les transformations des modes de vie induisent une changement des mentalités. Toutefois, l'aménagement du territoire reste limité et montre une société gabonaise à deux vitesses. Une grande partie de la population reste en marge de la distribution publique d'électricité. Les activités économiques se cantonnent dans les principaux centres urbains.

Cette recherche relève de la sociologie politique et aborde la musique, objet peu commun en politologie. Elleexamine le rebetiko, une musique populaire urbaine grecque, en postulant que l'analyse de musiques populairesoffre un accès privilégié aux représentations ambivalentes du pouvoir, à la participation au politique et à salégitimation. La construction d'un cadre théorique dynamique, capable de prendre en compte le changementincessant, tant musical que social, et de faire fusionner forme et contenu, approches extérieures et intérieures,conduit à adopter une méthode plurielle : historique, musicale et sociologique. La première partie propose derevisiter l'histoire du rebetiko, d'examiner ses conditions de production et sa réception pour la période quis'étend de la fin du XIXe à l'aube du XXIe siècle. A travers des articles de presse, je mets en évidence laconstruction et la fluidité de cette catégorie musicale, sa place dans l'ensemble plus large de la musiquepopulaire, ainsi que les processus de son authentification et traditionalisation. Un corpus de vingt-cinq chansons,encore populaires aujourd'hui, est ensuite analysé. Y sont décelés emprunts et appropriations, traces du passé,mais aussi potentiels oublis de réserve. Enfin, j'explore la réception actuelle du rebetiko et interprète différentsrécits tissés sur cette musique, recueillis grâce à la méthode des entretiens collectifs non-directifs enrichie parl'écoute d'extraits musicaux. Tout au long du parcours, des passerelles entre le musical et le social sont établies.Echafaudées à partir et dans le rebetiko, de multiples configurations identitaires et mémorielles dévoilentl'ambiguïté des divisions et des transformations de la société grecque.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise propose une réflexion sur les choix et mesures pris en termes de représentation et d'interaction dans les musées ethnographiques à partir d’une étude de cas, le Musée Huron-Wendat à Wendake, au Québec. L'objectif est d'analyser et comprendre ces pratiques muséologiques destinées à exprimer une identité autochtone locale. L’étude souhaite également démontrer comment les publics s’identifient et interagissent avec les discours culturels et politiques spécifiques du musée. Une attention particulière est accordée à l'étude du changement de paradigme muséal d'un espace d'autorité à un lieu inclusif. La mission des professionnels du musée concernant le concept de représentation sera analysée, ainsi que leur travail sur les notions d'accessibilité et de participation avec et pour le public. En se basant sur l'étude de terrain et la littérature scientifique, ce mémoire s'engage à questionner les notions prédominantes d'identité, de continuité et d'unité, dans le contexte de la nouvelle muséologie et du postcolonialisme.
This master thesis is an analysis of the current specific actions on representation and interaction taken in contemporary ethnographic museums. The aim is to highlight museology pathways used to represent local Indigenous culture and to explore how the public is involved with and relates to these specific discourses on heritage. Special attention will be devoted to the study of the shift of museums from authoritative places of education to socially inclusive spaces. The mission of heritage professionals in terms of representation will be analysed, as well as their work on the notions of accessibility and involvement for and with the public. The Huron-Wendat Museum in Wendake, Québec, serves to investigate these museum practices. Drawing from thorough fieldwork and extensive secondary literature, this master thesis will further probe the prevailing notions of identity, continuity and unity of the new museology in a postcolonial context.

The history of collection at the National Gallery of Canada, the Art Gallery of Ontario and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, illustrates concepts of race in the development of museums in Canada from before Confederation to today. Located at intersections of Art History, Museology, Postcolonial Studies and Native Studies, this thesis uses discourse theory to trouble definitions of nation and problematize them as inherently racial constructs wherein 'Canadianness' is institutionalized as a dominant white, Euro-Canadian discourse that mediates belonging. The recent reinstallations of the permanent Canadian historical art galleries at the National Gallery of Canada, the Art Gallery of Ontario and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts are significant in their illustration of contemporary colonial collection practices. The effectiveness of each installation is discussed in relation to the demands and resistances raised by Indigenous and non-Native artists and cultural professionals over the last 40 years, against racist treatment of Indigenous arts.

La recherche analysé l'actuel fondement juridique de la propriété publique urbaine au Brésil et ses impacts sur la gestion des biens publics urbains. Pour réussir, nous avons adopté la méthode déductive-interprétative, étayée par des recherches bibliographiques et législatives de sources brésiliennes et des États de l'Europe latine occidentale - Portugal, Espagne, Italie et France. Cela indique que la recherche en droit comparé était l'une des principales procédures méthodologiques employées. Ces éléments ont permis de construire un schéma conceptuel et interprétatif. À travers ce schéma, nous avons défini les contenus sémantiques et normatifs des catégories "intérêt public", "droit à la ville", "fonction sociale" et "fonction sociale de la propriété publique urbaine" et nous avons démontré les relations entre ces catégories. Ainsi, les nouvelles théorisations sur l'intérêt public l'ont identifié à la réalisation des droits fondamentaux, ce qui permet de reconnaître la propriété publique urbaine en tant que fonction sociale urbanistique. En fin de compte, cette espèce propriétaire est justifiée par la participation des biens publics à la réalisation du droit à la ville, ce qui indique les impacts de la fonction sociale de la propriété publique urbaine. Elle conforme les prérogatives des propriétaires publics, des non-propriétaires et des bénéficiaires de titre d'usage privatif des biens publics urbains. Elle détermine l'exercice de ces prérogatives, les possibilités d'affectation de ces biens et justifie le démocratisation de la prise de décision concernant leur destination. Ainsi, nous pouvons affirmer que les résultats obtenus dans cette recherche fournissent des éléments permettant de reconstituer la théorie des biens publics urbains / propriété publique urbaine et d'établir des paramètres pour l'adéquate gestion de ces biens
The research analyzed the current legal basis of urban public property in Brazil and its impacts on the management of urban public goods. In order to be successful, the deductive-interprative method was adopted, which was supported by bibliographical and legislative research in Brazilian sources and in the western Latin European states - Portugal, Spain, Italy and France. This indicates that the research in comparative law was one of the main methods employed. These elements allowed to construct a conceptual and exegetical scheme. Through it the semantic and normative contents of the categories "public interest", "right to the city", "social function" and "social function of urban public property" were defined and the interrelations between, them were demonstrated. Thus, the new theorizing about the public interest identifies it to the realization of fundamental rights, which allows to recognize urban publicproperty as a social function. After all, this proprietary species is justified by the participation of public goods in the realization of the right to the city, which indicates the impacts of the social function of urban public property. It complies with the prerogatives of public owners, non-owners and beneficiaries of little of private use of urban public goods. It determines the exercise of these prerogatives, the possibilities of affectation of these goods and justifies the democratization of the decision-making process about their destiny. Therefore, it can be affirmed that the results obtained with the research provide elements that allow to reconstruct the theory of urban public goods / urban public property and to establish paramaters for the proper management of these goods

Cette thèse propose d'examiner la perception de la peinture au cours du long dix-huitième siècle en Grande-Bretagne et d'étudier comment les différents discours aboutirent à la construction d'une valeur culturelle. La légitimité du goût pour la peinture fut une question qui obsédait tant les collectionneurs que les prédicateurs s'insurgeant contre le luxe, alors que des Britanniques issus de la classe aisée s'enthousiasmaient pour cet art dont le pays n'avait pas la tradition d'excellence. Reposant sur des fondements ni tout entièrement moraux, ni tout entièrement esthétiques, la valeur de la peinture telle qu'elle était exprimée par le spectateur britannique ne se défit jamais d'une logique commerciale -celle des agents, des marchands, mais aussi celle des artistes eux-mêmes, occupés à redéfinir leur profession et à promouvoir une École anglaise de peinture. Par leur statut d'intermédiaires, par le biais des ventes et des expositions, les acteurs du marché de l'art contribuèrent à créer un espace de sociabilité dans les capitales européennes : cette thèse en examine le pan londonien. Par la promotion de la pratique du dessin en amateur, ou de la collection à petite échelle, ils mirent la peinture à la portée d'un plus grand public, redéfinissant sa valeur pédagogique. L'espace de conversation des connaisseurs érudits, élargi au public amateur est celui du marché de l'art — un marché qui reposait sur la promotion du plaisir mais aussi de l'instruction que le public pouvait retirer de la peinture, et qui traduit ainsi bien l'épistémologie socioculturelle proprement britannique tant sensualiste qu'empiriste qui se développa au cours du long dix-huitième siècle
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how painting was perceived throughout long eighteenth century in Great Britain, and to study how the notion of cultural value veloped from the different discourses triggered by pictures. The legitimacy of a taste for ainting was a question that preoccupied both collectors and preachers declaiming against iuxury, and it became more pressing in the face of a growing interest for pictures in the well-off British middling sort. Neither moral nor aesthetic values could account entirely for the value of painting as it was construed by the British spectator, for it included a commercial component, influenced as it was by the agents, the merchants, as well as the artists themselves, busy redefining their profession and promoting a British School of painting. Operating as middlemen to bring pictures and public together, through public sales and exhibitions, the actors of the art market contributed in creating a space of sociability in European capitals — the case of London will particularly occupy this dissertation. By promoting the amateur practice of drawing, or collecting on a small-scale, they put paintings within the reach of a larger public and redefined their pedagogical value. The space of conversation inhabited by the virtuosi was enlarged to accommodate for the eighteenth¬century public, and its boundaries were those of the art market — a market that was keen to promote not only the pleasure, but also the instruction the public could gain from pictures -an aspect that conveys the socio-cultural epistemology proper to the British long eighteenth century, both sensualist and empiricist

La densification des zones urbaines et leur extension périphérique tendent à modifier fortement les paysages et les modes de vie dans ces zones. Les espaces verts urbains deviennent des éléments incontournables de l'urbanisme moderne. Ceux-ci contribuent à l'apparence « durable » des politiques de la ville et sont plébiscités par les citoyens. Malgré la diffusion des enquêtes d'opinion sur les espaces verts et des rapports des pouvoirs publics sur les enjeux sous-jacents, peu d'analyses économiques leurs sont consacrées. Face à ce constat, une meilleure connaissance et compréhension des espaces verts s'avèrent nécessaires. Leur caractère non marchand nous renvoie à la problématique de la gestion des biens collectifs. Nous identifions les sources de défaillances du marché afin de mettre en exergue le fond des problèmes économiques inhérents à l'allocation des espaces verts. Il ressort de cette analyse le besoin d'identifier les préférences individuelles et d'appréhender les choix publics par le biais d'une démarche positive et empirique. L'application de la méthode des prix hédonistes dans la ville d'Angers permet de mettre en évidence que les ménages résidents accordent de la valeur aux espaces verts. Grâce à l'utilisation d'indicateurs issus de l'écologie du paysage, nous montrons que l'accessibilité à des espaces verts, mais aussi leur répartition, influencent les choix de localisation résidentielle. L'identification d'une demande nous conduit à considérer l'offre locale des espaces verts. Pour ce faire, nous construisons trois échantillons à partir d'une enquête et d'un système d'information géographique. Nous testons le modèle de l'électeur médian pour les communes de la région des Pays de la Loire, puis nous testons le modèle d'interactions horizontales dans des échantillons de communes du département de la Loire-Atlantique et de l'aire urbaine d'Angers. Nos résultats permettent d'identifier l'existence de comportements mimétiques entre les communes.

Dans la Bretagne du XVIIIe siècle, réputée peu ouverte aux Lumières, un homme est souvent présenté comme une brillante exception : le président de Robien (1698-1756). Parlementaire fortuné, issu d'une vieille lignée de l'aristocratie provinciale, il fut collectionneur, antiquaire et naturaliste, et sa renommée dépassa les frontières de la Bretagne. A travers l'étude de ce personnage, le présent travail se propose de chercher les voies de la pénétration des Lumières dans les milieux dominants bretons, en confrontant le cas Robien à son environnement, notamment grâce aux inventaires après décès des élites bretonnes de son temps. La première partie est consacrée aux chemins qui ont conduit Robien vers la grandeur provinciale, par l'étude de sa famille, de sa fortune, de sa fonction, de sa vie matérielle et de son rayonnement dans la société de son temps. La seconde partie se propose de rechercher comment Robien envisagea les différents champs du savoir, par l'étude de ses écrits,de sa pratique de la curiosité, du rôle qu'il entendait jouer dans la république des lettres, et de la place qu'il occupa dans celle-ci. Ainsi par le biais du président de Robien, est proposée une approche des rapports entre Noblesse, Pouvoir et Savoir dans un espace périphérique de l'Europe des Lumières. Enfin, ce travail s'achève par l'étude de la destinée posthume de la destinée, aujourd'hui incontournable, du patrimoine breton
In 18th century Brittany, not renowned for being open to new ideas, a man stands out : President de Robien (1698-1756) a wealthy member of Brittany's High Judicial Court, descended from an ancient family of provincial aristocracy, he was a collector, an antique lover and a naturalist and his fame reached beyond the limits of Brittany. Through a study of this dignitary, this work aims at analysing how the ideas of the Enlightenment made their way into the Breton ruling circles by comparing Robien with his environment, in particular thanks to the death inventories of the Breton elites of this age. The first part is devoted to the ways and means that led to the rise of Robien in his province, through a study of his family, his fortune, his office, his standard of living and his influence on the society of his time. The second part deals with Robien's attitude towards the different fields of learning through an analysis of his writings, his use of intellectual curiosity, and the role he meant to play in the literary republic as well as the place actually had within it. Thus, through Robien is suggested an approach of the relationship between the Nobility, Power and Learning on the periphery of Europe Enlightenment. As a conclusion, this work will study the posthumous fate of this dignitary, part and parcel of Brittany's heritage, whose importance is indisputable today

Cette thèse recueille trois essais en économie du travail et économétrie appliquée. Les deux premiers essais traitent sur la productivité des travailleurs et leur effort. Le cadre théorique du principal-agent permet d'étudier les choix quotidiens de planteurs d'arbres dans une compagnie forestière en Colombie-Britannique. Le troisième essai étudie les choix de coopération des individus dans de petites communautés rurales au Mali lors d'une expérience de biens publics. Au-delà de l'approche expérimentale et des techniques économétriques communes aux trois articles, le point de convergence de cette thèse est la question de comment les agents intègrent l'environnement dans leurs choix individuels. Comment la fatigue au travail affecte la productivité, comment les chocs de productivité affectent l'effort des travailleurs et comment les interactions sociales affectent la coopération dans une communauté. Comprendre et mesurer la pertinence de ces facteurs externes est important pour concevoir des mesures incitatives qui mènent les individus à agir de la manière souhaitée. De manière générale, les incitatifs sont une excellente façon de modifier le comportement sans imposer des restrictions et des règles coûteuses qui peuvent créer des frictions sociales. Deux résultats intéressants ressortent des deux premiers chapitres sur la productivité des planteurs d'arbres. Tout d'abord, les gains des travailleurs peuvent être augmentés en réorganisant la semaine de travail. Au lieu de cinq jours consécutifs de travail et deux jours de repos à la fin de la semaine, des intervalles plus optimaux pourraient être utilisés comme un moyen peu coûteux d'accroître la productivité et le revenu des travailleurs dans certaines entreprises. Deuxièmement, les travailleurs adaptent leur effort optimal aux conditions de travail spécifiques même si elles sont imprévisibles. Les données suggèrent que lors que les travailleurs font face à un choc de productivité inattendu, ils reconsidèrent le compromis revenu - effort et font un nouveau choix optimal qui maximise leur bien-être. Cela signifie que les incitatifs à la productivité peuvent avoir des effets hétérogènes selon les chocs de productivité suivis par les travailleurs. Ces interactions entre les chocs et le choix d'effort doivent être prises en compte lors de la modélisation de la relation principal-agent. Quant au troisième chapitre, le résultat principal est que la présence des leaders communautaires dans un processus de décision individuel renforce la coopération dans le cadre des biens publics. La présence de dirigeants locaux déclenche un comportement coopératif qui est indépendant des actions des autres membres de la communauté.
This thesis is a collection of three essays in labour economics and applied econometrics. The first two essays investigate workers productivity and their effort choice in a tree-planting firm. The third essay studies community cooperation in a public good experiment. Beyond the econometric techniques, the convergence point of this thesis is the question of how individuals incorporate external factors into their choices. How work fatigue affects productivity, how productivity shocks affect workers' choice of effort, and how social interactions affect community cooperation. Understanding and measuring the relevance of these external factors is important for designing incentives that influence individuals to act in a desired way. Appropriate incentives are the best way to regulate behaviour without imposing restrictions and rules that are costly to enforce and may create social frictions. From the first two chapters on productivity of tree planters two interesting findings stand out. First, workers' earnings can be increased by simply rearranging the working week in different work spells. This could be an inexpensive way for certain firms to increase their labour productivity. Second, planters' optimal choice of effort depends on productivity shocks. This means that effort incentives may have heterogenous effects due to the particular shocks experienced by each worker. From the third chapter, I find that involving community leaders in the decision of contributing or not to a public good enhance community cooperation. The presence of local leaders triggers cooperative behaviour that is unconditional and independent of the expected actions of other community members.

L'enjeu de ce doctorat est de montrer comment la perception et les pratiques liées à la figure de l'hypertexte permettent d'entrevoir de profonds bouleversements dans notre rapport à l'écrit (document numérique, nouveaux genres littéraires, textualité renouvelée), à l'organisation de la connaissance, ainsi qu'à la manière dont s'agrègent, se constituent, se développent et se transforment les différents types de rapport au réel présents dans toute organisation sociale réticulée. L'analyse critique de ces transformations nous permet de préciser comment se met progressivement en place une nouvelle écologie cognitive, en quoi elle est rendue nécessaire, et quels sont les outils (typologie englobante des processus de liaison entre entités) et les pratiques sociales émergentes qui la fondent.

Dans notre premier chapitre, nous faisons d'abord un point sur les effets déjà mesurables de l'organisation hypertextuelle dans le rapport à l'écrit pour isoler les transformations cognitives occasionnées par ce nouveau support, pour isoler également la nouvelle organisation des structures traditionnelles de l'énonciation dans le processus de communication (rapports auteur-lecteur, agencements collectifs d'énonciation). Nous concluons par une typologie des nouveaux genres hypertextuels (liés notamment à l'utilisation de générateurs) et sur le statut littéraire de ces productions.
Notre second chapitre aborde les aspects plus « théoriques » de l'organisation hypertextuelle au travers de l'étude systématique de ses procédés de liaison. Après un état de l'art de la question, nous définissons une typologie englobante des liens hypertextuels prenant en compte leurs aspects informatiques, les structures rhétoriques et formelles qui les sous-tendent et les différents types de rapport entre ces « entités-liens » autorisant à qualifier différentes organisations hypertextuelles. Sur tous ces points, les propositions formulées dans ce travail devront permettre d'améliorer les pratiques de navigation et de réduire certains effets liés (surcharge cognitive, désorientation).
Notre troisième chapitre montre que ce que ces liens révèlent du fonctionnement de la pensée humaine (mode essentiellement associatif) est en train de changer la manière dont les systèmes et les organisations sociales se constituent et se développent, en mettant en place, de manière effective, des artefacts et de processus habituellement implicites et dont l'enjeu sera, pour le chercheur, d'accompagner le passage à l'explicite. Ce dernier chapitre s'appuie sur le dispositif expérimental FoRSIC et l'utilisation qu'il fait de différents types ontologiques, ce dernier étant caractéristique des ces nouveaux rapports au savoir que notre travail essaie de qualifier plus que de quantifier.

The shared language, attitudes, practices and patterns of those who participate in “collecting" in the lower mainland area of British Columbia are described. Recurring themes and patterns emerge in the analysis of data obtained through interviews with thirty collector-informants. The generalizability of collecting as a phenomenon which exists outside of what is being collected is established. Collectors' roles as curators and the serious and consuming aspects of collecting, including the cycles of collecting, affection and sentiment held toward collected objects, and the strategies and approaches to the process of collecting are discussed. Propositions set out by previous researchers Belk, Danet and Katriel are examined in light of the data. Implications for museum studies and museum education specifically, are considered.

The Douglas Summerland Collection is a fictional "monographically based history"1. In essence this research is concerned with the current debates about history recording, authenticity of the photograph, methods of history construction and how the audience digests new 'knowledge'. The narrative for this body of work is drawn from a small album of maritime photographs discovered in 2004 within the archives of the Port Chalmers Regional Maritime Museum in New Zealand. The album contains vernacular images of life onboard several sailing ships from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including the DH Sterling and the William Mitchell. Through investigating the'truth' systems promoted by the photograph within the presentations of histories this research draws a link between the development of colonialism and the perception of photography. It also deliberates on how 'truth' perception is still a major part of an audience's knowledge base. 1. Anne-Marie Willis Picturing Australia: A History of Photography, Angus & Robertson Publishers, London. 1988:253

A significant segment of the urban population in many low-income countries derives their living from the harvest of marketable materials from urban waste streams. The activities of so-called "scavengers" or waste pickers in many African, Asian, and Latin American cities have also come to be understood to have environmental benefits: the diversion of materials from the urban waste stream decreases the volume of wastes that need to be collected, transported and disposed of. However, due to their daily contact with garbage, these men, women, and children are usually associated with dirt, disease, and squalor. The work of the scavenger is often conceptualized as being poverty driven and undertaken as a survival strategy or coping mechanism in a harsh urban environment. In recent years, various programs and projects have been developed by nongovernmental organizations, religious institutions, community-based organizations, and local governments to address the needs of scavengers. Such intervention schemes are designed in one way or another to alter the scavengers' existing situations. This study looks at the possible linkages between the evolving understanding of scavenging and the various approaches to intervention that it engenders. This study first examines how scholars and researchers analyze waste picking issues and their suggestions for potential interventions and then relates this understanding to how institutions, citizens, non-governmental organizations, and aid agencies are addressing these issues in practice. It is found that different conceptualizations of waste picking issues have led to different intervention prescriptions, and that the prescribed interventions are motivated by environmental, economic, or humanitarian concerns. This study contends that the recommended and implemented intervention prescriptions are simply promoting market means in an attempt to achieve humanitarian ends, and, therefore, are only short-term measures that will not solve the identified waste picking issues. Data sources used in this effort include academic journals, conference papers, case studies of development programs, newspaper articles, Web sites, and field reports. Data were also obtained by contacting researchers and organizations that have studied or are currently working with waste pickers in a variety of geographical settings.

Defence date: 5 April 2002
Examining board: John Brewer, California Institute of Technology (supervisor) ; Neil Harris, University of Chicago ; Luisa Passerini, European University Institute ; Pat Rubin, Courtland Institute of Art
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

The archaeology of the region, referred to in scholarly lexicon as the Ancient Near East, is richly endowed with artefacts and monumental architecture of ancient cultures. Such artefacts, as a non-renewable resource are, therefore considered to be a scarce commodity. So also is the context and the provenance of these objects. Once an object’s provenance has been disturbed, it is of no further significant use for academic research, except for aesthetic value. Historically, as well as in the present, we see that humans have exploited this resource for various reasons, with very little regard given to provenance. The impact of forgery, illicit trade and looting are the greatest threat to the value of provenance. Contrary to some arguments, collectors, curators, buyers, looters and certain scholars play a significant role in its destruction. This research reveals to what extent unknown provenance has become a disturbing problem in the study of archaeological artefacts.
Biblical and Ancient Studies
M.Th. (Biblical Archaeology)

Text in English with abstracts in English, Sesotho, isiZulu and Afrikaans. Translated titles in Sesotho, isiZulu and Afrikaans
In the thesis, I critically examine the art acquisition policy of the Unisa Art Gallery (UAG) during and after apartheid in South Africa. The Unisa Art Gallery acquisition policy (UAGAP) is investigated against the transformation imperatives as informed by national policies on arts and culture. I take the view that the process of art acquisition does not exist outside of the sociopolitical discourse. Although the thesis is registered in the subject of Art History, the research adopts a multidisciplinary approach as it straddles the domains of visual art and cultural policy. Therefore, its focus on acquisition policy requires a combination of methodologies that can accommodate the intended research objectives. The study is based on the hypothesis that the collecting of art and acquisition policies are still untransformed from the Eurocentric paradigm of thought. I adopt Afrocentricity and decoloniality as theoretical frames of analysis. University museums are public cultural institutions, and the South African Constitution guarantees the right to culture. Therefore, the reluctance of public institutions to uphold the imperatives demonstrates a level of resistance to transformation. In the study, I investigate circumstances that influence the positive or negative way the UAGAP seemingly responds to the socio-economic and political imperatives of national policies in post-apartheid South Africa. Data analysis shows that there is no explicit relation between the White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage (WPACH) (DAC 1996) and the UAGAP. Another finding is that artworks collected in the past were mainly informed by epistemologies which were predominantly Eurocentric, whereby especially the black society has little or no say in the development of university museum policies. Lastly, the perception of arts practitioners is that the pace of transformation of university art collection policies is slow. The findings give rise to a recommendation that government should go beyond “the arms-length approach” (Deacon 2010) in the transformation of arts institutions, and intervene. Another recommendation is that unless the government White Papers are translated into law, they will continue to be ignored by public institutions.
Kule thesisi, ngiphenya ngendlela egxekayo ukutholakala komsebenzi wobuciko. Umgomo omayelana nokutholwa komsebenzi wobuciko kwisikhungo Sombukiso Wobuciko saseNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Africa (Unisa Art Gallery) ngesikhathi sombuso wengcindezelo nangemuva kwesikhathi sombuso wengcindezelo eNingizimu Africa. Umgomo omayelana nokutholakala kwemisebenzi yobuciko yesikhungo Sombukiso Wobuciko eNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Africa uphenywa kubhekwe kwezinto ezinhle ezilethwa yizinguquko njengoba lokhu kugunyazwa yimigomo yezwe kwezobuciko kanye namasiko. Ngithatha umbono othi uhlelo lwezokutholakala kobuciko alwenzeki ngaphandle kwemithelela yezenhlalakahle yabantu kwezepolitiki. Yize ithesisi ibhaliswe kwisifundo soMlando weZobuciko, ucwaningo lwamukela indlela equkethe izifundo eziningi njengoba le thesisi ifinyelela emikhakheni yomsebenzi wobuciko obukwayo kanye nakumgomo wosiko. Ngakho-ke, impokophelo yale thesisi kumgomo wokutholakala komsebenzi wobuciko ifuna inhlanganyela yezindlela zokuhlaziya ezingaxuba phakathi izinhloso zocwaningo eziqondiwe. Ucwaningo lususelwa kwihayiphothesisi/isihlambiselelo esithi imigomo emayelana nokuqoqwa kwemisebenzi yobuciko kanye nokutholakala kwemisebenzi yobuciko ayikaguquki kwizimpande zemibono yaseNtshonalanga/yaseYurophu. Ngamukela imibono egxile kubu-Afrika nemibono eqeda ubukoloni njengezinhlaka zemibono yokuhlaziya. Izikhungo zokugcina amagugu asenyuvesi zingamaziko wamasiko omphakathi, kanti uMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika unikeza ilungelo lokwenza usiko. Ngakho-ke, ukuba manqikanqika kwamaziko ombuso ukuphakamisa ubuhle bamasiko ngokuhlukahlukana kwawo njengokomgomo kukhombisa izinga lokunqaba ushintsho. Kulolu cwaningo, ngiphenya izimo ezinomthelela phezu kwendlela enhle noma embi uhlelo lwe-UAGAP elibonakala libheka ngayo nezindaba ezimayelana nenhlalakahle yabantu kwezomnotho nakwezepolitiki, ezindabeni zemigomo yezwe esikhathi sangemuva kombuso wengcindezelo eNingizimu Africa. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kukhombisa ukuthi abukho ubudlelwane obubonakalayo phakathi kwe-White Paper kwezoBuciko, ezamaSiko kanye nama-Gugu (WPACH) (DAC 1996) kanye nohlelo lwe-UAGAP. Okunye okutholakele ukuthi imisebenzi yobuciko eqoqwe esikhathini esedlule beyincike kakhulu kuma-ephistemoloji ebegxile kwingqubo yase-Yurophu/yaseNtshonalanga, kanti-ke, umphakathi ompisholo ikakhulu akukho nokuncane noma akukho ongakukhuluma mayelana nemigomo yokuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zokugcina ubuciko bamagugu. Okokugcina, umqondo wabasebenzi kwezobuciko uthi izinhlelo zezinguquko zemigomo yokuqoqwa kwemisebenzi yobuciko emanyuvesi zihamba ngonyawo lonwabu. Ulwazi olutholakele kucwaningo luphakamisa isinqumo sokuthi uhulumeni kufanele asebenze ngomgomo owodwa “the arms-length approach” (Deacon 2010) kuhlelo lwezinguquko kumaziko obuciko, bese angenelele. Esinye isinqumo ukuthi ngaphandle kokuthi ama-White Paper kahulumeni ashicilelwe abe wumthetho, amaziko ombuso azoqhubeka nokuwashaya indiva.
Mo polelotheong eno, ke tlhatlhobile pholisi ya phitlhelelo ya botsweretshi ya Lefelo la Botsweretshi la Unisa (UAG) ka tsela ya tshekatsheko ka nako ya, le morago ga tlhaolele mo Aforikaborwa. Pholisi ya phitlhelelo ya Lefelo la Botsweretshi ya Unisa (UAGAP) e batlisisiwa e bapisitswe le ditlhokego tsa phetogo jaaka di kaelwa ke dipholisi tsa bosetšhaba tsa botsweretshi le setso. Ke akanya gore tirego ya phitlhelelo ya botsweretshi ga e diragale kwa ntle ga puisano ya politiki ya loago. Le fa e le gore polelotheo e kwadisitswe mo setlhogong sa Hisetori ya Botsweretshi, patlisiso e tsaya boitlhagiso jwa melebomentsi jaaka fa e paraletse mo mefameng ya botsweretshi jwa pono le pholisi ya setso. Ka jalo, go tota ga yona pholisi ya phitlhelelo go tlhoka motswako wa mekgwa e e ka amogelang maikemisetso a patlisiso a a lebeletsweng. Thutopatlisiso e ikaegile ka tshitshinyo ya gore dipholisi tsa kokoanyo le phitlhelelo ya botsweretshi di sa ntse di sa fetoga go tswa mo mogopolong wa setso sa Yuropa. Ke tsaya boikaego jwa Aforika le tloso ya bokoloniale jaaka letlhomeso la tiori la tokololo. Dimusiamo tsa diyunibesiti ke ditheo tsa setso tsa setšhaba, mme Molaotheo wa Aforikaborwa o sireletsa tshwanelo ya setso. Ka jalo, go belaela ga ditheo tsa setšhaba go tsweletsa ditlhokego go bontsha go kgaratlha kgatlhanong le diphetogo. Mo thutopatlisisong, ke batlisisa mabaka a a tlhotlheletsang mokgwa o o siameng gongwe o o sa siamang o go lebegang e kete UAGAP e tsibogela ka ona ditlhokego tsa ikonomiloago le sepolitiki tsa dipholisi tsa bosetšhaba tsa Aforikaborwa ya morago ga tlhaolele. Tokololo ya data e bontsha gore ga go na kgolagano e e tlhamaletseng magareng ga Pampiritshweu ya Botsweretshi, Setso le Ngwaoboswa (WPACH) (DAC 1996) le UAGAP. Phitlhelelo e nngwe ke ya gore ditiro tsa botsweretshi tse di kokoantsweng mo nakong e e fetileng di ne di ikaegile bogolosegolo ka diepisetemoloji tse di neng di na le phekeetso e kgolo ya setso sa Yuropa, moo tota setšhaba sa bantsho se nang le tshwaelo e e seng kalo gongwe se se na tshwaelo epe mo go tlhamiweng ga dipholisi tsa dimusiamo tsa diyunibesiti. Kwa bokhutlong, kakanyo ya badiragatsi ba botsweretshi ke gore kgato ya diphetogo ya dipholisi tsa kokoanyo ya botsweretshi jwa diyunibesiti e bonya. Diphitlhelelo di baka katlenegiso ya gore puso e tshwanetse go dira go feta “molebo o o sa gateleleng taolo gongwe tekanyetso” (Deacon 2010) mo diphetogong tsa ditheo tsa botsweretshi, mme e tsereganye. Katlenegiso e nngwe ke ya gore kwa ntle ga gore Dipampiritshweu tsa puso di fetolelwe go nna molao, ditheo tsa setšhaba di tlaa tswelela go di ikgatholosa.
In hierdie tesis ondersoek ek die kunsaankoopbeleid van die Unisa Kunsgalery (UKG) tydens en ná apartheid. Die kunsaankoopbeleid van die Unisa Kunsgalery (KABUKG) word volgens die nasionale transformasiebeleid oor kuns en kultuur beoordeel. Kunsaankope staan na my mening nie los van die sosiopolitieke diskoers nie. Ofskoon hierdie tesis onder die vak Kunsgeskiedenis ingeskryf is, word ʼn multidissiplinêre benadering gevolg aangesien die navorsing die terrein van die visuele kunste en dié van kultuurbeleid bestryk. Om die navorsingsdoelwitte te behaal, is ʼn kombinasie van metodologieë dus nodig. Die studie berus op die hipotese dat die versameling van kunswerke en die aankoopbeleid steeds Eurosentries gerig is en nie getransformeer het nie. Ek neem Afrosentrisiteit en dekolonialiteit as teoretiese ontledingsraamwerke. Universiteitsmuseums is openbare kultuurinstellings en die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet waarborg burgers die reg op kultuur. Openbare instellings se onwilligheid om die opdragte uit te voer, dui op ʼn weerstand teen transformasie. Ek verken die omstandighede wat bepaal hoe die KABUKG ná apartheid op die sosioëkonomiese en politieke opdragte reageer. Die dataontleding toon dat daar tussen die Witskrif oor Kuns, Kultuur en Erfenis (WKKE) (DAC 1996) en die KABUKG geen verband bestaan nie. Voorts is bevind dat kunswerke wat in die verlede aangekoop is, oorwegend Eurosentries was. Buitendien het swart mense tans weinig of geen seggenskap in universiteite se museumbeleide. Ten slotte is die tempo waarteen universiteite se aankoopbeleide transformeer volgens kunspraktisyns uiters traag. Daarom word op grond van die bevindings aanbeveel dat die regering sy armlengtebenadering (Deacon 2019) tot die transformasie van kunsinstellings laat vaar, en ingryp. As witskrifte nie wet gemaak word nie, sal openbare instellings aanhou om hulle te ignoreer.
Arts and Music
D. Phil. (Art)