Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cognitive inconsistency"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cognitive inconsistency"
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Devine, Patricia G., e Thomas M. Ostrom. "Cognitive mediation of inconsistency discounting." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, n. 1 (luglio 1985): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.1.5.
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Ram, Nilam, Patrick Rabbitt, Brian Stollery e John R. Nesselroade. "Cognitive performance inconsistency: Intraindividual change and variability." Psychology and Aging 20, n. 4 (2005): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.623.
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Vanderhill, Susan, David F. Hultsch, Michael A. Hunter e Esther Strauss. "Self-Reported Cognitive Inconsistency in Older Adults". Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 17, n. 4 (28 giugno 2010): 385–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13825580903265699.
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Willadsen, Helene, Sarah Zaccagni, Marco Piovesan e Erik Wengström. "Measures of cognitive ability and choice inconsistency". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 220 (aprile 2024): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.02.029.
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STRAUSS, ESTHER, STUART W. S. MACDONALD, MICHAEL HUNTER, ALEX MOLL e DAVID F. HULTSCH. "Intraindividual variability in cognitive performance in three groups of older adults: Cross-domain links to physical status and self-perceived affect and beliefs". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, n. 7 (novembre 2002): 893–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702870035.
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Intraindividual variability of physical status and affect/beliefs as well as their relations with cognition were examined in 3 groups of older adults: healthy elderly, individuals with a nonneurological health-related disturbance (arthritis) and people with neurological compromise (dementia). The findings showed that greater inconsistency in physical performance was observed in groups characterized by central nervous system dysfunction. By contrast, fluctuations in affect appeared to reflect other more transient sources, such as pain. In general, increased inconsistency in non-cognitive domains was associated with poorer cognitive function. There were cross-domain links between inconsistency in physical functioning and fluctuations in cognitive performance, although the nature of the links depended largely upon the neurological status of the individuals. Considered together, the result indicated that measures of cognitive as well as physical variability are important behavioral markers of neurological integrity. (JINS, 2002, 8, 893–906.)
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Weber, Konstantin. "Inconsistency without Irrationality". Grazer Philosophische Studien 96, n. 4 (21 novembre 2019): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-000091.
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Every theory of rationality worth taking seriously implies that it is in some way irrational to accept contradictions. In this essay, the author examines how exactly this basic idea should be spelled out. He argues for two claims. First, it is not practically irrational to accept a contradiction in the sense of causing oneself to have contradictory beliefs. Second, it is moreover not theoretically irrational to accept a contradiction in the sense of having contradictory beliefs, if the contradictoriness of the relevant beliefs is inaccessible to the person. The contradictoriness of a set of beliefs is accessible to a person only if this person possesses the general cognitive capacities to realise that the beliefs are contradictory.
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Ball, Harriet A., Antony Bayer, Elizabeth Coulthard, Mark Fish, John Gallacher e Yoav Ben-Shlomo. "#3122 Is subjective cognitive decline (SCD) a better marker of susceptibility to functional cognitive disorder (FCD) than to neurodegeneration?: The caerphilly prospective study". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 92, n. 8 (16 luglio 2021): A4.1—A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-bnpa.11.
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Objective/AimsDoes Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) indicate susceptibility to Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD) more often than it indicates neurodegeneration? Prior research has focused on clinical populations where FCD is increasingly identified, but associations could differ at the community level. A clinical diagnosis of FCD requires cognitive symptoms, internal inconsistency, the absence of another explanatory disorder, and significant impairment; but we know little about its aetiology and prevalence. Cognitive internal inconsistency has not been systematically studied.Methods1,143 men were followed in the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Their subjective experience of cognitive change at average age 73 years was compared to their previous rate of objective cognitive change (using the Cambridge Cognition Examination). Logistic regression models examined potential predictors of SCD (measured in the preceding decade) including sociodemographic factors, vascular risk markers (ischaemic heart disease, vascular medications, smoking history), alcohol exposure, sleep problems, depression, anxiety trait, and objective cognition. We also looked for markers of cognitive internal inconsistency (delayed recall proportionately better than immediate recall, using the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test). Finally, subjective and objective cognition at average age 73 were used to predict change in objective cognition nine years later.ResultsSCD was common (30%), and only weakly related to prior objective cognitive decline (sensitivity 36% [95% CI 30-42], specificity 72% [95% CI 68-75]). Longitudinal independent predictors of SCD were older age, poor sleep quality and higher trait anxiety: rate of decline in objective cognition did not independently predict subsequent SCD (adjusted OR 1.18 [95% CI 0.72 1.95]). Those with SCD (compared to those without) had mildly worse scores on immediate recall, but their delayed recall was in proportion to their immediate recall, i.e., there was no evidence of cognitive internal inconsistency. SCD did not predict future objective cognitive change (p=0.84). Important limitations include the male-only sample and the possibility of survivor bias.ConclusionsSCD is common, but is only weakly associated with prior objective cognitive decline, is not predicted by vascular risk markers (aside from age), and does not predict future objective cognitive decline. The high community prevalence of SCD is instead driven partly via sleep difficulties and anxiety. Our results suggest those with SCD may have a mild deficit in attentional processes but relatively intact memory for the items they do encode. Subjectively experiencing cognitive decline in the absence of an objective decline appears to be a highly prevalent example of poor meta-cognition, which could be a driver to later FCD.
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Dzierzewski, Joseph M., Michael Marsiske, Adrienne T. Aiken Morgan, Matthew P. Buman, Peter R. Giacobbi, Beverly L. Roberts e Christina S. McCrae. "Cognitive Inconsistency and Practice-Related Learning in Older Adults". GeroPsych 26, n. 3 (gennaio 2013): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000096.
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The current study examined predictors of individual differences in the magnitude of practice-related improvements achieved by 87 older adults (mean age 63.52 years) over 18 weeks of cognitive practice. Cognitive inconsistency, as measured in both baseline trial-to-trial reaction times and week-to-week accuracy scores, was included as a predictor of practice-related gains in two measures of processing speed. Conditional growth models revealed that both reaction time and accuracy level, as well as rate-of-change in functioning, were related to inconsistency, even after controlling for mean-level, but that increased inconsistency was negatively associated with accuracy versus positively associated with reaction time improvement. Cognitive inconsistency may signal dysregulation in the ability to control cognitive performance or may be indicative of adaptive attempts at functioning.
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Sapp, Stephen G. "INCOMPLETE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR INCONSISTENCY". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 30, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2002): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.1.37.
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Much previous research has shown the health belief model to be effective in explaining social-cognitive processes that lead to attitude-behavior consistency across a wide variety of health-related behaviors. The health belief model, like other social-cognitive models that rely upon the hierarchy-of-effects principle, presumes rationality between beliefs and attitudes, attitudes and intentions, and intentions and behavior for volitional behavior. It was found, for food intake behavior, that rationality is not achieved unless respondents have a high threshold level of “how-to” and “awareness” nutrition knowledge. Thus, as with ill-formed intentions, ill-formed knowledge (i.e., beliefs) can lead to nonrationality in volitional behavior.
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Awa, Hart O., e Sunday C. Eze. "Analysis and Applicability of Cognitive Theories In Solving Inconsistency Among Cognitive Elements". International Journal of Business and Management Review 1, n. 4 (7 dicembre 2013): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijbmr.vol1.no4.p72-82.2021.
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This paper critically analyses the major theoretical and empirical body of knowledge of the various schools of thought of cognitive consistency with a view of proffering a tripartite approach (involving the consumers, the organizations and the government) to solving inconsistency among cognitive elements (e.g., values, beliefs, knowledge and attitudes). The Heider’s balance theory, Osgood’s congruity model and Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory were specifically looked into and assessed in terms of their real world application and/or empirical fertility. Each of these theorists emphasizes psychological tension and the urge to achieving consistency within and between the cognitive system and overt/covert behaviour
Tesi sul tema "Cognitive inconsistency"
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Norton, Carol Ann. "Psychological consistency, inconsistency and cognitive dissonance in the relationship between eating meat and evaluating animals". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2555/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite much research into vegetarianism, the psychological relationship between eating meat and evaluating animals remains relatively neglected. Through focus groups, questionnaires and experiments, this study investigated whether people experienced psychological inconsistency in this relationship and, if so, how they handled that inconsistency. Unlike vegetarians' attitudes, the content of meat-eaters' attitudes towards eating meat rarely included animals. Meat-eaters' positive attitudes towards eating meat were consistent with their eating behaviour; however, their attitudes towards farm animals were more positive than their attitudes towards eating meat. It therefore depends upon which attitudes are salient at any given time to determine whether psychological consistency is maximised overall. By focusing on the relationship between their own genuinely-held attitudes towards farm animals, animals' slaughter, and eating meat, meat-eaters' cognitive dissonance increased. Their attitudes towards eating meat were expected to become more positive in order to restore consonance between their attitudes and eating behaviour. However, meat-eaters' attitudes towards eating meat became less positive and their attitudes towards animals' slaughter became more negative. In contrast, their attitudes towards farm animals resisted change. Therefore meat-eaters' attitudes towards farm animals became relatively even more positive than their attitudes towards eating meat and animals' slaughter. Hence, the attitudes stimulated by this research, in an environment which prevented psychological denial strategies, caused (a) meat eaters' attitudes to become more inconsistent with their behaviour and (b) the consequent lack of consonance restoration. This study both helps to understand the empirical relationship between eating meat and evaluating animals and extends cognitive dissonance theory's explanatory power to real-world complex phenomena.
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Lavergne, Karine. "The Hierarchical Action-Based Model of Inconsistency Compensation in the Environmental Domain: Exploring the Role of Individual Differences in Distal Motivation". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32425.
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Using the action-based model of dissonance (Harmon-Jones, Amodio, & Harmon-Jones, 2009) and self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2008) as theoretical frameworks, this thesis sought to explain the motivational processes underlying the environmental belief-action gap. The thesis examined why and how people resolve inconsistencies between their favourable attitudes toward environmental protection and their environmentally harmful behaviour. I hypothesized that accounting for individual differences in autonomous and controlled distal motives for effective and unconflicted action would clarify why attitude-behaviour inconsistencies are uncomfortable and explain how people compensate for them. I carried out 3 sets of studies to test the proposed hierarchical action-based model of inconsistency compensation in the environmental domain (HABICE). The objective of the first set of 3 studies was to test hypotheses about the role of individual differences in global and contextual motivation on dissonance arousal, in response to native attitude-behaviour inconsistencies encountered across and within important life domains. The second set of 3 studies tested hypotheses about the role of individual differences in contextual motivation toward the environment on the use and choice of strategies to compensate for a recent native inconsistency in the environmental domain. Finally, the goal of the final study was to test hypotheses about the moderating effect of social factors that direct attention to public (ego-invested) versus private (authentic) aspects of the self during the perception of inconsistencies on motivation and intentions to revise pro-global warming mitigation attitudes. The results of the 7 studies (total N = 2,209) supported the main predictions of the HABICE. The cumulative evidence supported the existence of two motivational orientations operating during inconsistency compensation processes. The autonomous motivational orientation, which embodies action tendencies to facilitate organismic integration via authentic regulation, motivated people to compensate for attitude-behaviour inconsistencies to restore the integrity of authentic self-structures. As a result, autonomous motivation toward the environment led people to reduce dissonance and to compensate for perceived inconsistencies by bringing their behaviour in line with self-relevant attitudes. The controlled motivational orientation, which embodies action tendencies to facilitate instrumental outcomes via contingent regulation, motivated people to compensate for attitude-behaviour inconsistencies to protect ego-invested self-structures by avoiding the aversive consequences of their counter-environmental actions. When inconsistencies aroused dissonance, controlled motivation predicted the use of overt behavioural strategies, for example enacting a compensatory pro-environmental action, to reduce dissonance. However, when inconsistencies did not arouse dissonance or there were barriers to behaviour change, controlled motivation predicted the use of cognitive strategies, for example revising or distorting pro-environmental attitudes, to minimize the inconsistency. Consequently, autonomous compensation processes predicted relatively infrequent attitude-behaviour inconsistencies in the environmental domain while controlled compensation processes predicted relatively frequent inconsistencies. The results imply that controlled motivation toward the environment may be driving the environmental belief-action gap, but that finding ways to promote autonomous motivation toward the environment in the general population has the potential to alleviate the gap.
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Touzé, Chloé. "Pouvoir social et inconsistance cognitive : le pouvoir social rend-t-il plus tolérant aux effets de l'inconsistance cognitive ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA100033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Si les individus évoluent généralement dans un environnement fluide, où les événements vont dans le sens de leurs attentes, ils peuvent parfois être confrontés à des situations inattendues, non conformes à leurs connaissances ou croyances. Par exemple, un train annoncé comme supprimé arrive en gare, ou encore un ami n’agit pas en cohérence avec ses attitudes ou comportements passés en exprimant de fortes valeurs écologiques tout en ne triant pas ses déchets). Pour un être humain motivé par un besoin de consistance (Abelson et al., 1968 ; Cialdini et al., 1995), être exposé à de telles situations est une expérience inconfortable. L’inconsistance cognitive génère en effet des affects - essentiellement négatifs - et une motivation à revenir à un état de consistance, cette dernière entraînant la mise en place des stratégies visant à rendre cohérentes les attentes de l’individu et la situation qu’il expérimente (Gawronski & Brannon, 2019). Pourtant des exemples semblent indiquer que certains individus s’accommoderaient facilement de l’inconsistance. Plusieurs scandales ou affaires politiques font penser que les individus puissants peuvent agir de façon contradictoire ou être confrontés à leurs propres inconsistances sans pour autant exprimer le malaise qu’une telle situation provoquerait chez des individus moins bien dotés d’un point de vue hiérarchique. Le pouvoir protègerait-il des effets de l’exposition à l’inconsistance ? C’est à cette question que cette thèse cherche à répondre. Le pouvoir et ses effets ont largement été étudiés en psychologie sociale, tout comme les effets de l’inconsistance cognitive sur les individus. Cependant, à notre connaissance, peu d’études ont essayé d’observer les effets du pouvoir sur la gestion de l’inconsistance cognitive. Ce programme de recherche a pour objectif de tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle le pouvoir social limiterait les effets de l’inconsistance cognitive. Le fait de détenir du pouvoir agirait alors comme un bouclier permettant de protéger les individus des effets désagréables, notamment des affects négatifs engendrés par l’exposition à l’inconsistance. Sept études destinées à tester les effets du pouvoir sur différents type de situations générant de l’inconsistance cognitive (inconsistance provoquée par des processus automatiques, visant le système de connaissance, et impliquant le soi des individus) sont présentées. Les résultats obtenus ne sont pas stables et ne permettent donc pas de valider formellement notre hypothèse générale. Toutefois, dans deux études, un effet modérateur du pouvoir sur le niveau d’affects négatifs provoqués par l’exposition à une inconsistance a été mis en évidence. Il en est de même concernant les stratégies de compensation mises en place par les individus à la suite de cette exposition. Les contributions et limites de ces travaux sont discutés au regard des aspects processuels et émotionnels pouvant être impliqués dans leur compréhensionAlthough individuals generally evolve in a fluid environment, where everything goes according to their expectations, they can sometimes be confronted with unexpected situations that don't conform to their knowledge or beliefs. For example, a train announced as cancelled arrives at the station, or a friend doesn't act in line with his past attitudes or behaviors (expressing strong ecological values while not sorting his garbage). For a human being who is motivated by a need for consistency (Abelson et al., 1968; Cialdini et al., 1995), being exposed to such situations is an uncomfortable experience. Cognitive inconsistency generates affects - essentially negative ones - and a motivation to return to a state of consistency, the latter leading to the implementation of strategies aimed at making the individual's expectations and the situation he or she is experiencing consistent (Gawronski & Brannon, 2019). However, there is some evidence to suggest that inconsistency is easily acceptable to some individuals. Several scandals and political affairs suggest that powerful individuals may act contradictorily or be confronted with their own inconsistencies without expressing the discomfort such a situation would provoke in less hierarchically endowed individuals. Does power protect against the effects of exposure to inconsistency? This is the question this thesis aims to answer. Power and its effects have been widely studied in social psychology, as well as the effects of cognitive inconsistency on individuals. But to our knowledge, few studies have attempted to observe the effects of power on the management of cognitive inconsistency. The aim of this research program is to test the hypothesis that social power limits the effects of cognitive inconsistency. Holding power would then act as a shield to protect individuals from unpleasant effects, notably the negative affects engendered by exposure to inconsistency. Seven studies designed to test the effects of power on different types of situations generating cognitive inconsistency (inconsistency caused by automatic processes, targeting the knowledge system, and involving the individual's self) are presented. The results obtained are not stable and therefore do not allow us to formally validate our general hypothesis. However, in two studies, a moderating effect of power on the level of negative affect caused by exposure to inconsistency was found. The same is observed for the compensatory strategies implemented by individuals following exposure to inconsistency. The contributions and limitations of this work are discussed in terms of the processual and emotional aspects that may be involved in understanding it
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Mannberg, Andréa. "Risk and Rationality : Effects of contextual risk and cognitive dissonance on (sexual) incentives". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34116.
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Paper [I] theoretically analyzes how the level and uncertainty of future prospects affect incentives to abstain from sexual risk taking in the presence of HIV. The results suggest that, for individuals with limited access to HIV treatment, uncertainty of future health may be an important factor driving unsafe sex practices and support the empirical finding of a weak link between sexual behavior, HIV prevalence, and HIV knowledge in poor countries; therefore suggesting that AIDS policy needs to be calibrated in order to fit within different social contexts. Paper [II] empirically tests the link between uncertainty of future prospects and sexual risk taking in a group of young adults in Cape Town, South Africa. The findings indicate that expected income and health and future uncertainty are significant determinants of current patterns of sexual risk taking. However, the empirical results only provide limited support to a link between expected health and sexual risk taking. Paper [III] theoretically analyzes effects of affect and defensive denial on incentives to engage in sexual risk taking related to HIV. The results of the theoretical analysis suggest that the effect of rationalization of personal risk depends on the risk of being HIV positive. Although rationalization causes excessive risk taking behavior for individuals with a relatively low lifetime risk, it may prevent fatalism among individuals whose lifetime risk of HIV is perceived as overwhelming. Paper [IV] theoretically analyzes the role of identity conflict for the evolution of female labor supply over time. The results suggest the fear of becoming an outsider in society may have prevented a complete transition of women from housewives to breadwinners. In addition, our analysis shows that not recognizing that the weights attached to different social identities are endogenous may imply that the long-run effects on labor supply of a higher wage may be underestimated.
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Mauny, Nicolas. "La technique du porte-au-nez : vers une interprétation en termes d'éveil d'une dissonance". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les recherches menées dans le champ de l’influence sociale et permettant d’amener les individus au changement sont classiques en psychologie sociale. Le changement de comportement peut être obtenu par le biais de différentes techniques, comme celle de la porte-au-nez. Son mode opératoire est assez simple : obtenir un refus à une première demande trop coûteuse pour être acceptée dans le but de faciliter l’acceptation d’une seconde demande qui l’est moins, celle visée dès le début. Différentes interprétations ont été testées mais aucune d’entre elles ne fait l’unanimité à ce jour. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’une part d’étudier le rôle de la position du participant vis-à-vis de l’objet des requêtes dans le paradigme de porte-au-nez et, d’autre part, de proposer une nouvelle modélisation de l’effet porte-au-nez basée sur une inconsistance. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que l’efficacité de la technique de porte-au-nez repose sur la difficulté des personnes à tolérer l’inconsistance entre leur comportement de refus et leurs positions mesurées au travers de l’attitude, l’importance pour le Soi et les croyances normatives vis-à-vis de l’objet. Dans cette logique, l’acceptation de la seconde requête aurait lieu pour réduire cette inconsistance en adoptant un comportement cohérent avec leurs positions. Six expériences ont été menées pour répondre à cet objectif. Les deux premières ont permis de tester le rôle de la position initiale et elles montrent que seule l’importance du Soi peut influencer l’effet de porte-au-nez. Les deux suivantes ont permis de mettre en évidence le rôle de l’écart entre la position des individus et le comportement de refus sur l’intention. La cinquième expérience montre que les participants ressentent de la culpabilité lors du refus de la requête extrême surtout lorsque leur position est favorable à la cause des requêtes. Les résultats de la dernière confirment une interprétation en termes de gestion d’une inconsistance par rapport à une interprétation classiqueResearch conducted in the field of social influence and leading individuals to change are classic in social psychology. Behavior change can be achieved through different techniques, such as the door-in-the-face. Its operating procedure is simple: get a refusal on a first request too costly to be accepted in order to facilitate the acceptance of a second request less costly, the one targeted from the beginning. Different interpretations were tested based on contextual variables to argue their approaches, but none of them is unanimously approved to date. The objective of this thesis is to study the influence of interpersonal variables, such as attitude, self-importance and normative beliefs, in the door-in-the-face paradigm and to propose a new modelling of the door-in-the-face effect based on inconsistency. We hypothesize that the effectiveness of the door-in-the-face technique is based on the difficulty people have in tolerating the inconsistency between their refusal behavior and their measured positions through attitude, Self-importance and normative beliefs about the object. In this logic, the acceptance of the second request would take place to reduce this inconsistency by adopting a behavior consistent with their positions. Six experiments were conducted to achieve this objective. The first two have tested the role of the initial position and show that only the Self-importance can influence the door-in-the-face effect. The following two have highlighted the role of the difference between the position of individuals and the refusal behavior on the intention. The fifth experiment shows that the participants feel guilty when the extreme request is refused, especially when their position is favorable to the cause of the requests. The results of the last one confirm an interpretation in terms of inconsistency compared to a classical interpretation
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Schaub, Léon-Paul. "Dimensions mémorielles de l'interaction écrite humain-machine ˸ une approche cognitive par les modèles mnémoniques pour la détection et la correction des incohérences du système dans les dialogues orientés-tâche". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons à la place des systèmes de dialogue orientés-tâche à la fois dans le traitement automatique des langues, et dans l’interaction humain-machine. Nous nous concentrons plus particulièrement sur la différence de traitement de l’information et de l’utilisation de la mémoire, d’un tour de parole à l’autre, par l’humain et la machine, pendant une conversation écrite de type clavardage. Après avoir étudié les mécanismes de rétention et de rappel mémoriels chez l’humain durant un dialogue, en particulier dans l'accomplissement d'une tâche, nous émettons l’hypothèse qu’un des éléments susceptible d'expliquer que les performances des machines demeurent en deçà de celles des humains, est la capacité à posséder non seulement une image de l’utilisateur, mais également une image de soi, explicitement convoquée pendant les inférences liées à la poursuite du dialogue. Cela se traduit pour le système par les trois axes suivants. Tout d’abord, par l’anticipation, à un tour de parole donné, du tour suivant de l’utilisateur. Ensuite, par la détection d’une incohérence dans son propre énoncé, facilitée, comme nous le démontrons, par l’anticipation du tour suivant de l’utilisateur en tant qu’indice supplémentaire. Enfin, par la prévision du nombre de tours de paroles restants dans le dialogue afin d’avoir une meilleure vision de la progression du dialogue, en prenant en compte la potentielle présence d’une incohérence dans son propre énoncé, c’est que nous appelons le double modèle du système, qui représente à la fois l’utilisateur et l’image que le système renvoie à l’utilisateur. Pour mettre en place ces fonctionnalités, nous exploitons les réseaux de mémoire de bout-en-bout, un modèle de réseau de neurones récurrent qui possède la spécificité non seulement de traiter des historiques de dialogue longs (comme un RNN ou un LSTM) mais également de créer des sauts de réflexion, permettant de filtrer l’information contenue à la fois dans l’énoncé de l’utilisateur et dans celui de l’historique de dialogue. De plus, ces trois sauts de réflexion servent de mécanisme d’attention “naturel” pour le réseau de mémoire, à la manière d’un décodeur de transformeur. Pour notre étude, nous améliorons, en y ajoutant nos trois fonctionnalités, un type de réseau de mémoire appelé WMM2Seq (réseau de mémoire de travail par séquence). Ce modèle s’inspire des modèles cognitifs de la mémoire, en présentant les concepts de mémoire épisodique, de mémoire sémantique et de mémoire de travail. Il obtient des résultats performants sur des tâches de génération de réponse de dialogue sur les corpus DSTC2 (humain-machine dans le domaine de restaurant) et MultiWOZ (multi-domaine créé avec Magicien d’Oz); ce sont les corpus que nous utilisons pour nos expériences. Les trois axes mentionnés précédemment apportent deux contributions principales à l’existant. En premier lieu, ceci complexifie l’intelligence du système de dialogue en le dotant d’un garde-fou (incohérences détectées). En second lieu, cela optimise à la fois le traitement des informations dans le dialogue (réponses plus précises ou plus riches) et la durée de celui-ci. Nous évaluons les performances de notre système avec premièrement la f-mesure pour les entités détectées à chaque tour de parole, deuxièmement de score BLEU pour la fluidité de l’énoncé du système et troisièmement de taux d’exactitude jointe pour la réussite du dialogue. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’intérêt d’orienter les recherches vers des modèles de gestion de la mémoire plus cognitifs afin de réduire l’écart de performance dans un dialogue entre l’humain et la machineIn this work, we are interested in the place of task-oriented dialogue systems in both automatic language processing and human-machine interaction. In particular, we focus on the difference in information processing and memory use, from one turn to the next, by humans and machines, during a written chat conversation. After having studied the mechanisms of memory retention and recall in humans during a dialogue, in particular during the accomplishment of a task, we hypothesize that one of the elements that may explain why the performance of machines remains below that of humans, is the ability to possess not only an image of the user, but also an image of oneself, explicitly summoned during the inferences linked to the continuation of the dialogue. This translates into the following three axes for the system. First, by the anticipation, at a given turn of speech, of the next turn of the user. Secondly, by the detection of an inconsistency in one's own utterance, facilitated, as we demonstrate, by the anticipation of the user's next turn as an additional cue. Finally, by predicting the number of remaining turns in the dialogue in order to have a better vision of the dialogue progression, taking into account the potential presence of an incoherence in one's own utterance, this is what we call the dual model of the system, which represents both the user and the image that the system sends to the user. To implement these features, we exploit end-to-end memory networks, a recurrent neural network model that has the specificity not only to handle long dialogue histories (such as an RNN or an LSTM) but also to create reflection jumps, allowing to filter the information contained in both the user's utterance and the dialogue history. In addition, these three reflection jumps serve as a "natural" attention mechanism for the memory network, similar to a transformer decoder. For our study, we enhance a type of memory network called WMM2Seq (sequence-based working memory network) by adding our three features. This model is inspired by cognitive models of memory, presenting the concepts of episodic memory, semantic memory and working memory. It performs well on dialogue response generation tasks on the DSTC2 (human-machine in the restaurant domain) and MultiWOZ (multi-domain created with Wizard of Oz) corpora; these are the corpora we use for our experiments. The three axes mentioned above bring two main contributions to the existing. Firstly, it adds complexity to the intelligence of the dialogue system by providing it with a safeguard (detected inconsistencies). Second, it optimizes both the processing of information in the dialogue (more accurate or richer answers) and the duration of the dialogue. We evaluate the performance of our system with firstly the F1 score for the entities detected in each speech turn, secondly the BLEU score for the fluency of the system utterance and thirdly the joint accuracy for the success of the dialogue. The results obtained show that it would be interesting to direct research towards more cognitive models of memory management in order to reduce the performance gap in a human-machine dialogue
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Lee, Mark D. "The effects of inconsistency on the maintenance of skill level in a semantic category search task". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28732.
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Berkovsky, Kathryn Lea. "The effects of inconsistent information : age differences in im pression formation". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28571.
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Ahn, Sun Young, e Sun Young Ahn. "Change to Sustainable Choice: The Role of Preference-Inconsistent Information". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621748.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cognitive dissonance theory and selective information exposure literature postulate that individuals ignore preference-inconsistent information and selectively process new information. Previous studies on selective information exposure have shown that preference-inconsistent information is not persuasive for consumer decision making. Given the limited amount of past research about the effect of preference-inconsistent information on decision-making in broad domains of consumer behavior studies, the current study investigated how preference-inconsistent information can persuade consumers to switch to a sustainable product alternative. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process how preference-inconsistent sustainability-related information can be considered as important, consequently changing consumers' initial preference to green alternatives. A series of online experiments was conducted using a shampoo product category. Study 1 tested a baseline effect on whether consumers in the preference-inconsistent condition were persuaded to change their initial choice significantly compared to those in the preference-consistent condition. Study 2 tested the effect of preference-inconsistent sustainability-related information in the acceptance process, focusing on the role of brand commitment and information quality. Study 3 examined the effect of preference-inconsistent sustainability-related information in the evaluation process, investigating the impact of consumer environmental concern and PCE. Findings of Study 1 revealed that consumers in the preference-inconsistent condition were significantly persuaded to change choice to a sustainable alternative, which is not consistent with selective exposure literature. However, Study 1 findings were not sufficient to determine what specific factors influenced respondents to be persuaded, which provides justifications for Study 2 and Study 3. Findings in Study 2 and Study 3 conclusively demonstrated the importance of the credibility of preference-inconsistent information in the acceptance process. Also, findings suggested that the effect of credibility is stronger than that of brand commitment in the acceptance process. Regarding brand commitment, the results have shown that high commitment consumers had a higher acceptance of inconsistent information which is opposite to expectations. Further, the findings demonstrated the importance of environmental concern and the conditional effect of PCE in the evaluation process. Moreover, results supported that the relative weighting of sustainability attributes is driving the effects of environmental concern and PCE as a mediator on persuasion outcomes in the evaluation process. The current study contributes to understanding the process in which the preference-inconsistent information can be effective in influencing consumer choice. Moreover, findings from this research can provide implications for selective exposure literature and sustainable consumption literature. Practically, the results of the study provide implications to guide marketers and information providers in establishing effective ways to change consumers' behavior in sustainable consumption context.
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Hall, Leslie. "Facebook and Stereotypes: How Facebook Users Process Stereotype-Consistent and Stereotype-Inconsistent Information with Varying Cognitive Loads". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/668.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study builds on previous research analyzing the effects of cognitive busyness on recall of stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent information by examining the real-world context of Facebook profiles. College students (N = 160) were randomly assigned to either a cognitively busy or unbusy condition. They then looked at either the profile of an African-American male or female target. After, they were given a recall test to assess the number of stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent descriptors correctly recalled. Results were expected to show that participants recalled more stereotype-consistent information when cognitively busy, even more so for male targets. Conversely, participants were expected to recall more stereotype-inconsistent information when cognitively unbusy, even more so for male targets. Neither cognitive busyness nor the interaction between cognitive busyness and target gender affected the type of information participants recalled. Both results were inconsistent with previous research. Future research should find ways to strengthen the construct validity of measures as they operate in real-world contexts such as Facebook.
Libri sul tema "Cognitive inconsistency"
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1956-, Engel Christoph, e Daston Lorraine 1951-, a cura di. Is there value in inconsistency? Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2006.
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Stein, Jay W. The hobgoblin doctrine in law, life, and war: Consistency and inconsistency, wise and foolish. Columbus, Ohio: Resolution Press, 2002.
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Gebrian, Molly. Learn Faster, Perform Better. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197680063.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This book applies the science of learning and memory to practicing and performing, giving musicians the tools to learn music more effectively and experience greater confidence on stage. Researchers working in the fields of cognitive psychology and neuroscience have discovered many important principles about how the brain learns new information, how it retains this information both short- and long-term, and ways to make this learning reliable in high-pressure situations like performances. Musicians often choose practice strategies that don’t align well with the optimal ways in which the brain learns, leading to frustration while practicing and inconsistency in performance. This book is a practical guide, written using accessible language for nonscientists and nonacademics, to help musicians get more out of their practicing by applying this research. The book starts with general principles of learning and how the brain works, and then progresses through increasingly specific topics. Throughout the book, the science behind the various topics is explained in layman’s terms, accompanied by practical advice and examples of how to use this information while practicing.
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Abramovitch, Amitai. Neuropsychological Function in OCD. A cura di Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter reviews the neuropsychological literature in adult and pediatric OCD, and then reviews the limitations, current controversies, and caveats in this area. Characterization of neuropsychological deficits associated with psychological problems has the potential to integrate neurobiological and psychopathological research. The cognitive neuropsychology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been extensively studied over the past three decades. This impressive body of literature indicates that individuals diagnosed with OCD tend to exhibit moderate underperformance on neuropsychological tests in most, although not all, cognitive domains. However, neuropsychological research in OCD has been notoriously inconsistent. Moreover, the presence of broad though modest deficits, rather than large discrete ones, raises serious challenges for attempts to integrate neuropsychological constructs into neurobiological and psychological models of OCD.
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Douglas, Kevin S., Tonia L. Nicholls e Johann Brink. Interventions for the Reduction of Violence by Persons with Serious Mental Illnesses. A cura di Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.34.
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Violence perpetrated by persons with serious mental illness (SMI), although certainly not the norm among this group, is of clinical and legal import in numerous legal settings. Among these are civil commitment, forensic psychiatry (insanity acquittees), and the criminal justice system. In this chapter, we provide a critical review of interventions and their empirical support that are used to reduce violence among persons with SMI. Promising findings support the use of cognitive behavioral, social learning, and cognitive skills approaches that are consistent with the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) approach to crime and violence prevention. Anger management remains a promising, focused intervention with reasonable support in the literature. Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) has substantial general support. Community-based mandatory service programs such as outpatient commitment and mental health courts appear effective. Finally, the evidence base for the violence-reducing effect of certain psychotropic medication, particularly clozapine, is promising yet inconsistent.
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Wodak, Daniel. Expressivism and Varieties of Normativity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805076.003.0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Expressivists aim to explain the meaning of a fragment of language—typically, claims about what we morally ought to do—in terms of the non-cognitive attitudes they express. Critics evaluate expressivism on those terms. This is a mistake. We don’t use that fragment of language in isolation. We make claims about what we morally, legally, rationally, and prudentially ought to do: we relativize “ought” and other deontic modals to different standards, or varieties of normativity. This chapter argues that the standard-relativity of “ought” poses a dilemma for expressivists. If they claim that “ought” expresses different types of attitudes when it is relativized to different standards (e.g. morality and legality), they struggle to explain why “ought” is univocal when relativized. If they claim that “ought” always expresses the same type of non-cognitive attitude, they struggle to explain why “ought” claims that are relativized to different standards do not express inconsistent attitudes.
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Brown, Deborah J. Animal Souls and Beast Machines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199375967.003.0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Descartes’ long-standing interest in animals had many motivations—to reinforce his dualism of mind and body; to demonstrate the completeness of his physics; and to resolve what he considered to be inconsistent metaphysical and theological positions on the status of animal souls. Thus, the subject of animals serves to unite the various strands of Cartesian philosophy, whilst posing some of the deepest and most persistent challenges to that philosophy. Whether or not we agree with Descartes’s notorious view that animals are mere machines lacking all thought and sensibility, it is important to recognize that Descartes established the terms of a debate which continues to shape our thinking about animals, their cognitive capacities and their relationship to us. This chapter locates Descartes’ position within the scientific and moral debates of his time, emphasizing the sophistication of his attempts to explain animal life and behavior and the challenge he throws down to nonmechanistic explanations.
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Peterson, Carol, Emily M. Pisetsky e Caroline E. Haut. Self-Help and Stepped Care Treatments for Eating Disorders. A cura di W. Stewart Agras e Athena Robinson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.19.
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This chapter provides an overview of self-help and guided self-help treatments for eating disorders as well as stepped care models for treatment delivery. Empirical evidence suggests that although guided self-help approaches may have relatively higher efficacy and retention rates than self-help treatment, data from comparison trials are inconsistent. Robust treatment predictors, moderators, and mediators have not been identified other than rapid response as a predictor of outcome for cognitive-behavioral guided self-help, which may be useful in informing stepped care treatment. Stepped care models have received some empirical support and, in addition to potentially reducing treatment costs, may enhance efficacy by providing individuals who are not responsive to initial treatments with alternative or adjunctive interventions. Research using adaptive and tailored designs for treatment is needed to improve treatment efficacy and dissemination. Further research is needed in cost-efficacy, implementation, clinician training models, and patient preferences and acceptability.
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Mercer, Calvin. Slaves to Faith. Praeger Publishers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216015284.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As Dr. Mercer posits, the fundamentalist is fundamentally driven by anxiety layered over a fragile sense of self-identity constructed upon a system of beliefs that is both logically inconsistent and highly suspect in light of modern science. As a result, the fundamentalist completely rejects modernity while battling mightily in the arena of national politics and culture to bring about a world that aligns more closely with the fundamentalist worldview. Focusing on Christian fundamentalists, the author puts Christian fundamentalism in its historical and theological contexts. At the same time, Mercer calls upon cognitive theory to explain that the fundamentalist's life story is not particular to Christianity or any other religious belief system but that fundamentalist Catholics, Muslims, Jews, and those of all other faiths share a common psychological profile. Indeed, Mercer insists that if the Christian terminology were eliminated from contemporary fundamentalist Christian rhetoric, what would remain would be a framework that fundamentalists from other religions would find quite familiar and even comforting. In other words, the structure of the fundamentalist worldview, and the psychology beneath it, is pretty much the same across religions. It is a controversial thing to say about Christian fundamentalism, a thesis that has already proved contentious in the author's public appearances, and one that is sure to generate considerable attention and passionate debate as the U.S. populace continues to divide into opposing camps.
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Williamson, Timothy. Overfitting and Heuristics in Philosophy. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197779217.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The main aim of this book is to encourage philosophers to take a more sophisticated and scientific attitude to their handling of evidence, both in theory and in practice, by introducing two categories neglected in current metaphilosophy. The first category is heuristics. These are typically efficient ways of solving problems of some kind, quick and easy to use, and mostly but not always reliable. Those most probably central to philosophical methodology are more or less humanly universal general cognitive heuristics which we employ without conscious reflection. In many plausible cases, they can be shown to be implicitly inconsistent, and so cannot be perfectly valid, though for evolutionary reasons they are likely to be fairly reliable in normal cases. Such heuristics may well generate false but convincing data as applied to some actual or hypothetical. Arguably, the heuristics also generate philosophical paradoxes, just as heuristics embedded in our perceptual systems generate perceptual illusions. The second category is that of overfitting. This is a recognized pathology in science, when models are allowed to become very complicated to achieve a close fit with data, and further complications typically keep having to be made as new data comes in. When the data contains errors, such theorizing provides little insight. Scientists guard against overfitting by strongly preferring comparatively simple models. Philosophers should learn to do the same. This approach is applied to debates between coarse-grained (intensionalist) and fine-grained (hyperintensionalist) theories of metaphysics, ascriptions of propositional attitudes, and other topics, in favour of intensionalism.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cognitive inconsistency"
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Kimberly, James C. "Inconsistency among Components of Stratification and Cognitive Consistency and Reward-cost Processes". In Behavioral Theory in Sociology, 385–407. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351319201-15.
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Fritzlen, Katherine, Dania Bilal e Michael Olson. "Attitude-Behavior Inconsistency Management Strategies in MTurk Workers: Cognitive Dissonance in Crowdsourcing Participants?" In HCI International 2019 – Late Breaking Posters, 95–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30712-7_12.
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Wang, Pei, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau e Gavriel Salvendy. "A Survey Study of Chinese Drivers’ Inconsistent Risk Perception". In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, 471–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02728-4_50.
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Melrose, A. James, Eustace Hsu e John Monterosso. "Neuroeconomic Perspectives on the Potent but Inconsistent Motivations Characteristic of Addiction". In The Wiley Handbook on the Cognitive Neuroscience of Addiction, 440–71. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118472415.ch19.
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Monahhova, Eliana, Alexandra N. Morozova, Dmitry A. Khoroshilov, Dmitry O. Bredikhin, Anna N. Shestakova, Victoria V. Moiseeva e Vasily A. Klucharev. "Neurocognitive Processing of Attitude-Consistent and Attitude-Inconsistent Deepfakes: N400 Study". In Advances in Neural Computation, Machine Learning, and Cognitive Research VII, 149–56. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44865-2_16.
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Zhu, Yan. "Teacher Cognition and Practices: Project versus Non-project and Consistency versus Inconsistency". In Language Curriculum Innovation in a Chinese Secondary School, 131–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7239-0_6.
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Maggioni, Liliana. "Why Does Epistemology Matter? A Personal Journey". In Teachers and the Epistemology of History, 229–44. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58056-7_13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe chapter addresses the development of epistemic cognition in history by merging the perspectives afforded by developmental studies of epistemic cognition and consciousness with the insights gained from the literature exploring the development of historical understanding and epistemically charged ideas such as evidence and historical accounts. Given the results obtained by studies attempting to assessing individual epistemic beliefs in history and teacher and student capacity to think historically, Maggioni proposes to interpret the instances of epistemic inconsistency and the challenges and limitations in developing the capacity to think historically that have been observed in light of the developmental psychology literature, and in particular of Kegan’s model of epistemic development. The chapter includes the identification of specific ideas and habits of mind that may act as stumbling blocks in the development of epistemic cognition in history and suggestions for pedagogical practice.
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Maisha, Sabrina Jahan, Ety Biswangri, Mohammad Shahadat Hossain e Karl Andersson. "An Approach to Detect Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) by Removing Noisy and Inconsistent Values of UCI Dataset". In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering, 457–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7597-3_38.
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Wagner, David-Alexandre. "Why Are They Inconsistent? Discussing Norwegian History Student Teachers’ Understanding of the Beliefs about Learning and Teaching History Questionnaire, Through Cognitive Interviewing". In Teachers and the Epistemology of History, 325–49. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58056-7_18.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractWagner discusses the challenges usually met when assessing epistemic beliefs in history through quantitative questionnaires. After a short review of these common problems—epistemic wobbling, epistemic inconsistencies, problems of reliability and influence of the different national cultural contexts—Wagner analyses how ten history student teachers (five male and five female) understood a Norwegian version of Maggioni’s BLTHQ (Beliefs about Learning and Teaching History Questionnaire) and reflected about their own epistemic beliefs. The analysis of these in-depth interviews paves the way for a discussion and a better qualitative understanding of the abovementioned problems.
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Wildman, Wesley J. "Out with the Old, In with the New? From Conceptual Reconstruction in Philosophical Anthropology to a Realistic Theory of Change". In Relational Anthropology for Contemporary Economics, 181–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84690-9_11.
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AbstractPhilosophers have solid analyses of defective understandings of the human condition and regularly propose inspirational alternatives that would seem to have the promise of changing the fortunes and fate of our species. But philosophers sometimes over-generalize in their criticisms, attributing to a vast cultural complex a specific anthropological understanding when in fact any large culture plays host to a large variety of mutually inconsistent anthropological visions. Moreover, philosophers rarely demonstrate that a culture-level change in anthropological understandings would have the effects they claim and they virtually never spell out a theory of change by which such a culture-level transformation could ever be realized. This paper begins in philosophical anthropology, spelling out two specific problematic aspects of contemporary western human self-understanding: individualism and cognitive error; two corresponding correctives: relationality and self-awareness; and two spiritual translations of these corrective measures: love as agape and karuna and wisdom as knowledge and humility. The argument then transitions to practical questions about what differences the envisaged transformation in ideas about human nature might be expected to make on socioeconomic conditions and how such changes might be implemented to realize the envisaged changes. The conclusion is that the anthropological insights of philosophers would be best served by a partnership with education and policy experts that would add realism about the conditions for social change to the generative creativity of philosophical analysis.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Cognitive inconsistency"
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Hadar, Irit, e Anna Zamansky. "Cognitive factors in inconsistency management". In 2015 IEEE 23rd International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/re.2015.7320427.
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Zhang, Du, e Meiliu Lu. "Inconsistency-induced learning: A step toward perpetual learners". In Cognitive Computing (ICCI-CC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginf.2011.6016122.
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Madar, Asaf, Vered Kurtz-David, Adam Hakim, Dino Levy e Ido Tavor. "Pre-acquired functional connectivity predicts choice inconsistency". In 2023 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. Oxford, United Kingdom: Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2023.1382-0.
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Zhang, Du. "Quantifying Knowledge Base Inconsistency via Fixpoint Semantics". In 6th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginf.2007.4341898.
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Zhang, Du. "Harnessing locality for knowledge inconsistency management". In 2010 9th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (ICCI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginf.2010.5599720.
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Foster, Chad R. "Improving Failure Mode and Effects Analysis as a Cognitive Simulation". In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70532.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) process is studied as a human simulation. The cognitive challenges of availability bias, probability inconsistency, and experience weighting are reviewed against a large number of actual FMEAs. The challenges are outlined and improvements to the process presented including pooled scoring and the use of the criticality index.
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Hanák, Róbert. "Are Deliberative People More Consistent in Decision Making?" In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100187.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The preference for intuition and deliberation scale (PID) as a cognitive style measure was used to investigate whether more deliberative participants (identified by self-report PID inventory) would also show higher motivation to properly and normatively solve a task designed to measure their inconsistency and discrimination to details (CWS Index). 161 (103 women) managers and administrative workers were asked to evaluate 21 fictional job candidates. The decision task was designed so that participants could work according to their preferences – everyone had enough time to analyse the logic behind the task. Significant differences were found among all four groups (deliberative, intuitive, both below median, both above median) in levels of inconsistency. Totally consistent respondents were significantly more likely to be from the deliberative and mixed (high in deliberation and in intuition) groups.
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Öztopçu, Aslı. "The Role of Emotions in Economic Decision Making". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02259.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Decision making points out to the consequences of past or future behaviors. An individual has to make decisions on all subjects throughout his life. An important part of these decisions are economic decisions. Individuals make decisions such as renting, buying, buying new goods, migrating, changing jobs, making investments, enterprise, choosing holidays, evaluating savings. Non-rational decisions are observed although individuals should make rational decision, according to mainstream economics.
In this study, the effects of the emotions that form the basis of psychology, such as time, option constraint, opportunities, risk taking, risk aversion, procrastination, rush, or uncertainty, inconsistency, intuitive movement, cognitive error in the decision-making process of individuals are discussed. For this purpose, the characteristics of decision-making process, individual effects of cognitive of emotions, individual decision making theorems in economic theory and behavioral economics literature are mentioned. It is thought that the role of emotions that shape behaviors should be known in the regulation of economic life that is determined according to human behavior.
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Wai Michael Siu, Kin, Zi Yang e Izzy Yi Jian. "Polyhedral public play spaces for children and caregivers: an inclusive perspective". In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003336.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Play is essential to children's social, emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being. Public play spaces provide important opportunities for children to participate equally in play and social interaction. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have begun to focus on the inclusiveness of public play spaces for children with different motion, sensory and cognitive capabilities. At the same time, for care and safety reasons, children must go to the play space with their caregivers in most cases. Yet, play spaces are mainly designed for children, the caregivers, whose needs and demands are often overlooked, are obviously necessary to access the spaces. It shows a lack of understanding of inclusive and related concepts among researchers. This study examines how inclusive and related concepts are used in peer-reviewed articles about public play spaces. This study implemented a scoping review in December 2022, and 14 peer-reviewed articles were identified. These articles mainly concern inclusive and related concepts in public play spaces from caregivers' perspectives. The casual use of inclusive and related terms embodies these terms and design approaches' youthfulness, inconsistency, and confusion. Further research can distinguish these concepts through further development and research to expand the understanding of inclusion in public play spaces.
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Zhang, Du, e Mehmet A. Orgun. "BRINK: Initial theory on bounded rationality and inconsistent knowledge". In 2012 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2012.6311180.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Cognitive inconsistency"
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Palamar, Svitlana P., Ganna V. Bielienka, Tatyana O. Ponomarenko, Liudmyla V. Kozak, Liudmyla L. Nezhyva e Andrei V. Voznyak. Formation of readiness of future teachers to use augmented reality in the educational process of preschool and primary education. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4636.
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The article substantiates the importance of training future teachers to use AR technologies in the educational process of preschool and primary education. Scientific sources on the problem of AR application in education are analyzed. Possibilities of using AR in work with preschoolers and junior schoolchildren are considered. Aspects of research of the problem of introduction of AR in education carried out by modern foreign and domestic scientists are defined, namely: use of AR-applications in education; introduction of 3D technologies, virtual and augmented reality in the educational process of preschool and primary school; 3D, virtual and augmented reality technologies in higher education; increase of the efficiency of learning and motivating students through the use of AR-applications on smartphones; formation of reading culture by means of augmented reality technology; prospects for the use of augmented reality within the linguistic and literary field of preschool and primary education. The authors analyzed the specifics of toys with AR-applications, interactive alphabets, coloring books, encyclopedias and art books of Ukrainian and foreign writers, which should be used in working with children of preschool and primary school age; the possibilities of books for preschool children created with the help of augmented reality technologies are demonstrated. The relevance of the use of AR for the effective education and development of preschoolers and primary school children is determined. Problems in the application of AR in the educational process of modern domestic preschool education institutions are outlined. A method of diagnostic research of the level and features of readiness of future teachers to use AR in the educational process of preschool and primary education has been developed. Criteria, indicators are defined, the levels of development of the main components of the studied readiness (motivational, cognitive, activity) are characterized. The insufficiency of its formation in future teachers in the field of preschool and primary education; inconsistency between the peculiarities of training future teachers to use AR in professional activities and modern requirements for the quality of the educational process; the need to develop and implement a holistic system of formation of the studied readiness of future teachers in the conditions of higher pedagogical education are proved. A model of forming the readiness of future teachers to use AR in the educational process of preschool and primary education has been developed.
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Stuart, Nicole, Karina Dorrington, Andrew Sheridan e Carmela Pestell. The Neuropsychological Correlates of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: A Systematic Review Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, agosto 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Review question / Objective: The objective the current review is to delineate the cognitive profile of SCT, particularly where it is similar to or different from ADHD-related inattention. In addition, the review will provide an analysis of methodological factors that might account for discrepancies in research findings and guidance for future studies. Condition being studied: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a constellation of symptoms originally identified among children with the inattentive subtype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-I). These symptoms include daydreaming, inconsistent alertness, hypoactivity and lethargy. Although there is considerable overlap with ADHD-I, factor analytic and convergent and discriminant validity studies suggest that SCT is a distinct construct. Moreover, there is evidence that SCT may be common in a number of other disorders, including depression and autism - suggesting that SCT might represent an important transdiagnostic construct.
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Sun, Yang, Jing Zhao, PanWen Zhao, Hui Zhang, JianGuo Zhong, PingLei Pan, GenDi Wang, ZhongQuan Yi e LILI Xie. Social cognition in children and adolescents with epilepsy: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Review question / Objective: To our knowledge, no meta-analysis has summarized social cognitive performance in children and adolescents with epilepsy as independent groups. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to examine differences between children and adolescents with epilepsy and HCs in terms of ToM and FER performance. Condition being studied: Epilepsy is characterized by chronic, unprovoked and recurrent seizures, is the most frequent neurological disease in childhood and usually occurs in early development. Worldwide, it is estimated that approximately 50 million people suffer from the pain of epileptic seizures, with more than half of the cases beginning in childhood and adolescence. So a comprehensive understanding of children and adolescence with epilepsy has become the focus of widespread attention. Recently, a number of studies have assessed ToM or facial emotion recognition deficits in children and adolescents with epilepsy, but the conclusions are inconsistent. These inconsistent findings might be related to the small sample sizes in most studies. Additionally, the methods used to evaluate ToM or facial emotion recognition performance were varied across studies. A meta-analysis can increase statistical power, estimate the severity of these deficits, and help resolve conflicting findings.
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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara e Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Claricoats, Liam. Barriers into Higher Education for disabled students. Sheffield Hallam University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/steer/barriers_disabled_students.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to Sheffield Hallam University’s Access and Participation Plan (20/21-24/25), there has been an increased number of disabled students entering Higher Education (HE), with 14.6% of students declaring a disability in the sector. Therefore, this review of the literature explored potential barriers into Higher Education for students with disabilities. Within Higher Education institutions, disabled students may be categorised into having ‘mental health’, ‘cognitive and learning’, ‘sensory, medical and physical’ or ‘multiple impairment’ related disabilities. This review was commissioned in collaboration with the Higher Education Progression Partnership (South Yorkshire), with the aim of identifying barriers into Higher Education institutions for disabled students. Evidence provided from this literature review is intended to assist in developing a rationale for an intervention design and delivery that alleviates the barriers into Higher Education for disabled students. From examining the literature, a prominent barrier that emerged was a lack of accessibility at university. For instance, an inconsistent willingness from tutors to make reasonable adjustments to assessments, a lack of understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characteristics and spread-out university campus buildings that were inaccessible for students with Cerebral Palsy/walking disabilities. The research findings also revealed that there was a lack of accessible spaces on campus for disabled students, especially for students with ASD to interact. Furthermore, disabled students’ perceptions of stigmatisation and discrimination of disclosing their disability was another key barrier into Higher Education. For instance, during the application process to university, students believed that it would jeopardise their opportunity to be accepted into their chosen Higher Education institution if they were to disclose their disability.