Tesi sul tema "Cognitive control processes"
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Grange, James A. "Control of cognitive processes in task-switching". Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528334.
Testo completoStephan, Denise Nadine [Verfasser]. "The tale of amodal cognitive control processes : evidence for modality-specific influences on cognitive control processes / Denise Nadine Stephan". Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065973586/34.
Testo completoHeidlmayr, Karin. "Cognitive control processes and their neural bases in bilingualism". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB219/document.
Testo completoThe present doctoral thesis aimed to study the relation between bilingualism and domain-general executive control. Psycholinguistic research on bilingualism has shown that the sustained co-activation of languages and the need to adapt to the linguistic environment lead to a reinforcement of control abilities in bilinguals. However, the nature of domain-general executive control involvement in multiple language use is a matter of debate. Three studies were conducted in order to investigate this issue at the neuronal level in French-German late bilinguals. Different experimental tasks involving a cognitive conflict were used, certain of them involving a linguistic component (Stroop and negative priming) and the other one involving a motoric component (antisaccade). The main findings collected in the present doctoral thesis showed (1) the behavioral and neurophysiological evidence of enhanced conflict monitoring and inhibition in bilinguals, (2) the more efficient dynamic interplay between the anterior cingulate cortex and the prefrontal cortex in executive control in bilinguals in comparison with monolinguals, and (3) a modulation of executive control by the individual linguistic factors inherent to bilingualism. Taken together, the present findings support psycholinguistic theories postulating domain-general control involvement in bilingualism and reveal the capacity of neuroplastic adaptation as a function of linguistic constraints
Guerraz, Michel. "Visual control of posture : role of motion parallax and cognitive processes". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367574.
Testo completoKing, Elbaz Zmira. "Cognitive control processes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : behavioural and cardiovascular measures". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36816.
Testo completoLaurie, Antony Dyson. "Cognitive approaches to the explanation of gambling behaviour : an evaluation". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1132.
Testo completoFineman, Stephanie. "Linking cognitive control & stress regulation a brain-based perspective on self-regulatory processes /". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1426.
Testo completoJain, Radhika. "Business Process Integration: A Socio-Cognitive Process Model and a Support System". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/8.
Testo completoHockey, Andrew. "Computational modelling of the language production system : semantic memory, conflict monitoring, and cognitive control processes /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe20099.pdf.
Testo completoSmith, Hilary Anne. "The Relationship Between Briefly Induced Affect and Cognitive Control Processes: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6427.
Testo completoBreeze, Julian. "Task switching and cognitive control processes : measured using increases to stimulus dimension, stimulus set size and task practice". Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494186.
Testo completoAlwawi, Ibrahim. "Cognitive modelling and control of human error processes in human-computer interaction with safety critical IT systems in telehealth". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2680.
Testo completoChmielewski, Witold X., e Christian Beste. "Perceptual conflict during sensorimotor integration processes - a neurophysiological study in response inhibition". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-215947.
Testo completoGraham, Charlotte. "The relationship between inhibitory control and System 1 and System 2 processes in deductive and spatial reasoning". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1370.
Testo completoMagee, Kelsey Elise. "Effects of Binge Drinking and Depression on Cognitive-Control Processes During an Emotional Go/No-Go Task in College Aged Adults". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1543961125935834.
Testo completoSchroeder, Valarie M. "Giddy-up your cognitive processes: The influence of horseback riding as a physical activity on executive functioning". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1435075636.
Testo completoBeggiato, Matthias. "Changes in motivational and higher level cognitive processes when interacting with in-vehicle automation". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-167333.
Testo completoViele Aufgaben, die ehemals von Menschen ausgeführt wurden, werden heute von Maschinen übernommen. Dieser Prozess der Automatisierung betrifft viele Lebensbereiche von Arbeit, Wohnen, Kommunikation bis hin zur Mobilität. Im Bereich des Individualverkehrs wird die Automatisierung von Fahrzeugen als Möglichkeit gesehen, zukünftigen Herausforderungen wirtschaftlicher, gesellschaftlicher und umweltpolitischer Art zu begegnen. Allerdings verändert Automatisierung die Fahraufgabe und die Mensch-Technik Interaktion im Fahrzeug. Daher können beispielsweise erwartete Sicherheitsgewinne automatisch agierender Assistenzsysteme durch Veränderungen im Verhalten des Fahrers geschmälert werden, was als Verhaltensanpassung (behavioural adaptation) bezeichnet wird. Dieses Dissertationsprojekt untersucht motivationale und höhere kognitive Prozesse, die Verhaltensanpassungen im Umgang mit automatisierten Fahrerassistenzsystemen zugrunde liegen. Motivationale Prozesse beinhalten die Entwicklung von Akzeptanz und Vertrauen in das System, unter höheren kognitiven Prozessen werden Lernprozesse sowie die Entwicklung von mentalen Modellen des Systems und Situationsbewusstsein (Situation Awareness) verstanden. Im Fokus der Untersuchungen steht das Fahrerassistenzsystem Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) als ein Beispiel für Automatisierung im Fahrzeug. ACC regelt automatisch die Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs, indem bei freier Fahrbahn eine eingestellte Wunschgeschwindigkeit und bei einem Vorausfahrer automatisch ein eingestellter Abstand eingehalten wird. Allerdings kann ACC aufgrund von Einschränkungen der Sensorik nicht jede Situation bewältigen, weshalb der Fahrer übernehmen muss. Für diesen Interaktionsprozess spielen Vertrauen, Akzeptanz und das mentale Modell der Systemfunktionalität eine Schlüsselrolle, um einen sicheren Umgang mit dem System und ein adäquates Situationsbewusstsein zu entwickeln. Zur systematischen Erforschung dieser motivationalen und kognitiven Prozesse wurden eine Fahrsimulatorstudie und ein Versuch im Realverkehr durchgeführt. Beide Studien wurden im Messwiederholungsdesign angelegt, um dem Prozesscharakter gerecht werden und Veränderungen über die Zeit erfassen zu können. Die Entwicklung von Vertrauen, Akzeptanz und mentalem Modell in der Interaktion mit ACC war zentraler Forschungsgegenstand beider Studien. Bislang gibt es wenige Studien, die kognitive Prozesse im Kontext der Fahrzeugführung untersucht haben, unter anderem auch wegen methodischer Schwierigkeiten in diesem dynamischen Umfeld. Daher war es ebenfalls Teil dieses Dissertationsprojekts, neue Methoden zur Erfassung höherer kognitiver Prozesse in dieser Domäne zu entwickeln, mit Fokus auf mentalen Modellen und Situationsbewusstsein. Darüber hinaus wurde auch ein neuer Ansatz für die Analyse großer und heterogener Datenmengen im sozialwissenschaftlichen Bereich entwickelt, basierend auf dem Einsatz relationaler Datenbanken. Ziel der der Fahrsimulatorstudie war die systematische Erforschung des Effekts von unterschiedlich korrekten initialen mentalen Modellen von ACC auf die weitere Entwicklung des mentalen Modells, Vertrauen und Akzeptanz des Systems. Eine Stichprobe von insgesamt 51 Probanden nahm an der Studie teil; der Versuch wurde als zweifaktorielles (3x3) gemischtes Messwiederholungsdesign konzipiert. Die 3 parallelisierten Versuchsgruppen zu je 17 Personen erhielten (1) eine korrekte Beschreibung des ACC, (2) eine idealisierte Beschreibung unter Auslassung auftretender Systemprobleme und (3) eine überkritische Beschreibung mit zusätzlichen Hinweisen auf Systemprobleme, die nie auftraten. Alle Teilnehmer befuhren insgesamt dreimal im Zeitraum von sechs Wochen dieselbe 56 km lange Autobahnstrecke im Fahrsimulator mit identischem ACC-System. Mit zunehmendem Einsatz des ACC zeigte sich im anfänglich divergierenden mentalen Modell zwischen den Gruppen eine Entwicklung hin zum mentalen Modell der korrekt informierten Gruppe. Nicht erfahrene Systemprobleme tendierten dazu, im mentalen Modell zu verblassen, wenn sie nicht durch Erfahrung reaktiviert wurden. Vertrauen und Akzeptanz stiegen stetig in der korrekt informierten Gruppe. Dieselbe Entwicklung zeigte sich auch in der überkritisch informierten Gruppe, wobei Vertrauen und Akzeptanz anfänglich niedriger waren als in der Bedingung mit korrekter Information. Verschwiegene Systemprobleme führten zu einer konstanten Abnahme von Akzeptanz und Vertrauen ohne Erholung in der Gruppe mit idealisierter Beschreibung. Diese Resultate lassen darauf schließen, dass Probleme automatisierter Systeme sich nicht zwingend negativ auf Vertrauen und Akzeptanz auswirken, sofern sie vorab bekannt sind. Bei jeder Fahrt führten die Versuchsteilnehmer zudem kontinuierlich eine visuell beanspruchende Zweitaufgabe aus, die Surrogate Reference Task (SURT). Die Frequenz der Zweitaufgabenbearbeitung diente als objektives Echtzeitmaß für das Situationsbewusstsein, basierend auf dem Ansatz, dass situationsbewusste Fahrer die Zuwendung zur Zweitaufgabe reduzieren wenn sie potentiell kritische Situationen erwarten. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die korrekt informierten Fahrer sich potentiell kritischer Situationen mit möglichen Systemproblemen bewusst waren und schon im Vorfeld der Entstehung die Zweitaufgabenbearbeitung reduzierten. Teilnehmer ohne Informationen zu auftretenden Systemproblemen wurden sich solcher Situationen erst nach dem ersten Auftreten bewusst und reduzierten in entsprechenden Szenarien der Folgefahrten die Zweitaufgabenbearbeitung. Allerdings sanken Vertrauen und Akzeptanz des Systems aufgrund der unerwarteten Probleme. Erwartete, aber nicht auftretende Systemprobleme tendierten dazu, im mentalen Modell des Systems zu verblassen und resultierten in vermindertem Situationsbewusstsein bereits in der zweiten Fahrt. Im Versuch unter Realbedingungen wurden der Lernprozesses sowie die Entwicklung des mentalen Modells, Vertrauen und Akzeptanz von ACC im Realverkehr erforscht. Ziele waren die statistisch/mathematische Modellierung des Lernprozesses, die Bestimmung von Zeitpunkten der Stabilisierung dieser Prozesse und wie sich reale Systemerfahrung auf das mentale Modell von ACC auswirkt. 15 Versuchsteilnehmer ohne ACC-Erfahrung fuhren ein Serienfahrzeug mit ACC insgesamt 10-mal auf der gleichen Strecke in einem Zeitraum von 2 Monaten. Im Unterschied zur Fahrsimulatorstudie waren alle Teilnehmer korrekt über die ACC-Funktionen und Funktionsgrenzen informiert durch Lesen der entsprechenden Abschnitte im Fahrzeughandbuch am Beginn der Studie. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass der Lernprozess sowie die Entwicklung von Akzeptanz und Vertrauen einer klassischen Lernkurve folgen – unter der Bedingung umfassender vorheriger Information zu Systemgrenzen. Der größte Lernfortschritt ist am Beginn der Interaktion mit dem System sichtbar und daher sollten Hilfen (z.B. durch intelligente Tutorsysteme) in erster Linie zu diesem Zeitpunkt gegeben werden. Eine Stabilisierung aller Prozesse zeigte sich nach der fünften Fahrt, was einer Fahrstrecke von rund 185 km oder 3,5 Stunden Fahrzeit entspricht. Es zeigten sich keine Einbrüche in Akzeptanz, Vertrauen bzw. dem Lernprozess durch die gemachten Erfahrungen im Straßenverkehr. Allerdings zeigte sich – analog zur Fahrsimulatorstudie – auch in der Realfahrstudie ein Verblassen von nicht erfahrenen Systemgrenzen im mentalen Modell, wenn diese nicht durch Erfahrungen aktiviert wurden. Im Hinblick auf die Validierung der neu entwickelten Methoden zur Erfassung von mentalen Modellen und Situationsbewusstsein sind die Resultate vielversprechend. Die Studien zeigen, dass mit dem entwickelten Fragebogenansatz zur Quantifizierung des mentalen Modells Einblicke in Aufbau und Entwicklung mentaler Modelle gegeben werden können. Der implizite Echtzeit-Messansatz für Situationsbewusstsein im Fahrsimulator zeigt sich ebenfalls sensitiv in der Erfassung des Bewusstseins von Fahrern für potentiell kritische Situationen. Inhaltlich zeigen die Studien die nachhaltige Relevanz des initialen mentalen Modells für den Lernprozess sowie die Entwicklung von Situationsbewusstsein, Akzeptanz, Vertrauen und die weitere Ausformung eines realistischen mentalen Modells der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen automatisierter Systeme. Aufgrund dieser Relevanz wird die Einbindung und Kontrolle des initialen mentalen Modells in Studien zu automatisierten Systemen unbedingt empfohlen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zwar, dass sich auch unvollständige bzw. falsche mentale Modelle durch Erfahrungslernen hin zu einer realistischen Einschätzung der Systemmöglichkeiten und -grenzen verändern, allerdings um den Preis sinkenden Vertrauens und abnehmender Akzeptanz. Idealisierte Systembeschreibungen ohne Hinweise auf mögliche Systemprobleme bringen nur anfänglich etwas höheres Vertrauen und Akzeptanz. Das Erleben unerwarteter Probleme führt zu einem stetigen Abfall dieser motivationalen Faktoren über die Zeit. Ein alleiniges Versuchs-Irrtums-Lernen für den Umgang mit automatisierter Assistenz im Fahrzeug ohne zusätzliche Information wird daher als nicht ausreichend für die Entwicklung stabilen Vertrauens und stabiler Akzeptanz betrachtet. Wenn das initiale mentale Modell den Erfahrungen entspricht, entwickeln sich Akzeptanz und Vertrauen gemäß einer klassischen Lernkurve – trotz erlebter Systemgrenzen. Sind diese potentiellen Probleme vorher bekannt, führen sie nicht zwingend zu einer Reduktion von Vertrauen und Akzeptanz. Auch zusätzliche überkritische Information vermindert Vertrauen und Akzeptanz nur am Beginn, aber nicht langfristig. Daher sollen potentielle Probleme in automatisierten Systemen nicht in idealisierten Beschreibungen verschwiegen werden – je präzisere Information gegeben wird, desto besser im langfristigen Verlauf. Allerdings tendieren nicht erfahrene Systemgrenzen zum Verblassen im mentalen Modell. Daher wird empfohlen, Nutzer regelmäßig an diese Systemgrenzen zu erinnern um die entsprechenden Facetten des mentalen Modells zu reaktivieren. In automatisierten Systemen integrierte intelligente Tutorsysteme könnten dafür eine Lösung bieten. Im Fahrzeugbereich könnten solche periodischen Erinnerungen an Systemgrenzen in Multifunktionsdisplays angezeigt werden, die mittlerweile in vielen modernen Fahrzeugen integriert sind. Diese Tutorsysteme können darüber hinaus auch auf die Präsenz eingebauter automatisierter Systeme hinweisen und deren Vorteile aufzeigen
Phenis, David Anthony. "Performance of Adult Rats Exposed to Elevated Levels of Kynurenic Acid during Gestation in a Rodent Target Detection Task: A Translational Model for Studying the Effects of Cognitive Training". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu154211727456543.
Testo completoStenger, Katharina Christina [Verfasser], e Jutta [Akademischer Betreuer] Kray. "The cue to success : improving cognitive control processes in older adults by means of cued Task-Switching Training - an ERP approach / Katharina Christina Stenger ; Betreuer: Jutta Kray". Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165050935/34.
Testo completoMarklund, Petter. "Cross-functional brain imaging of attention, memory and executive functions : unity and diversity of neurocognitive component processes /". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Psychology, Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-805.
Testo completoEl, Karoui Imen. "Mechanisms of conscious and unconscious interpretative processes". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066155/document.
Testo completoWhen we perceive a word, a picture or a sound, we do not access an ‘objective’ representation of them. Rather we gain immediate access to a subjective interpretation. This interpretation reflects the combination of our prior knowledge about the world with data sampled in the environment. An interesting issue is to understand how we deal with inconsistencies between our prior knowledge and the data from the environment. During this PhD, responses to inconsistencies both in the environment and in subjects’ own behavior were explored. The first series of studies address how subjects process regularities in the environment and how these processes relate to conscious access. To do so, two levels of auditory regularities were studied in epileptic patients implanted with intracranial electrodes. In a second experiment, we used a paradigm derived from the Stroop task to test responses to frequent conscious or unconscious conflicts. Behavioral measures and scalp EEG were used to assess changes in subjects’ strategy when processing trials conflicting with current expectations. In the second series of studies, we analyzed how subjects adapt their interpretations when confronted with inconsistencies in their own behavior, using the framework of cognitive dissonance. The implication of explicit memory was tested in a behavioral experiment and in an fMRI study. The results of these four studies are discussed around two main issues. First, these results highlight the existence of processes which rely on conscious stimuli but are not conscious themselves. Second, we examine what could explain our tendency to constantly seek consistency both in the external world and in our own behavior
Weibel, Sébastien. "Influences non conscientes sur des processus mentaux complexes : initiation de stratégies et sentiment de contrôle". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ014/document.
Testo completoDo unconscious stimuli modify processes that are typically associated with consciousness? This question is of particular interest in schizophrenia in which there is both impairments of implicit processes and abnormalities of conscious processes. For instance patients have difficulties to initiate a strategy or to feel in control of their actions. For this purpose, we wanted to know to what extent the choice of a task set or the feeling of control over the action could be influenced by unconscious cues. We conducted two studies in healthy subjects showing that unconscious stimuli can influence the preparation of a task set. However, we have shown that there are limitations to these unconscious influences: the processing of unconscious stimuli must be uninterrupted for some time, and it is modulated by attentional mechanisms. Our third study analyzed the effect of subliminal distortions of the haptic feedback (tactile and kinesthetic) on motor adaptation and on the conscious sense of control over the action. We have shown that the feeling of control was modulated by subliminal distortions of the haptic feedback. Unconscious influences have an impact on conscious processes, but in limited and controlled circumstances
Deline, Stéphane. "Différences individuelles dans les processus de contrôle attentionnel chez des personnes jeunes et âgées : approches expérimentale et computationnelle". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00960549.
Testo completoCoelho, Daniel Boari. "Influência de processos cognitivos em respostas posturais automáticas a perturbações extrínsecas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-10112017-154313/.
Testo completoAdaptability of automatic postural responses according to context information indicates an interaction between two levels of control, in which the high-order cognitive processing of the perturbation characteristics would be able to modulate postural control in lower levels of the sensorimotor system. The studies proposed here intended to scrutinize what cues about the perturbation characteristics are used by the central set to modulate the automatic postural responses. The task studied consisted in the recovery of postural equilibrium in response to a posterior translation of the support base. In Experiment 1, it was evaluated the effect of precueing the displacement amplitude of the supporting base in repetitive or random perturbation sequences. In Experiment 2, precueing of the support base displacement was provided by the sequence of perturbations, comparing repetitive trials, known sequence and random sequence. In Experiment 3, we evaluated the effect of uncertainty about amplitude and time of perturbation. Experiment 4 aimed to evaluate the interaction of temporal precueing and a concurrent cognitive task on body equilibrium recovery. Results show that (a) previous information about perturbation magnitude seems to be unable to modulate automatic postural responses; (b) modulation of automatic postural responses from a repetitive sequence of perturbations is apparently associated with an adaptation of the sensorimotor system rather than to the participation of cognitive processing of the perturbation characteristics; (c) temporal predictability of the postural perturbation induces optimization of automatic postural responses; and (d) cognitive task execution at the time of the perturbation inhibits the gain of automatic postural responses stability provided by temporal precueing. As a conclusion, there seems to be a limitation of cognitive processing to modulate automatic postural responses. Considering that the concept of central set expresses the notion that cognitive processing of a contextual precue is able to optimize automatic postural responses, our results suggest the need for revision of this conceptualization widely used in the postural control literature
Menezes, Carolina Baptista. "Controle emocional e cognitivo após treino de meditação da atenção focada". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70050.
Testo completoThe present work aimed to evaluate whether a focused attention meditation training would promote enhancements in emotional and cognitive variables. Two interventions with distinct durations were carried out, which were evaluated before and afterwards through an experimental paradigm that allowed the analysis of emotion intereference and cognitive control, as well self-report measures assessing variables such as anxiety, affect, difficulties in emotion regulation, and concentrated attention. The first intervention comprised of a six-week randomized trial, with weekly meetings and two control groups - progressive relaxation and wait list control. The second comprised a five-consecutive-day randomized trial, with only a wait list control group. Results from both interventions indicated that focused attention meditation can help modulating emotion interference, enhance cognitive control, as well as improve emotional aspects, such as reducing anxiety, negative affect, and increasing concentrated attention. In addition, these findings were superior to those observed in the control groups. We highlight that despite being complementary, the results from the short intervention were less robust, indicating that a short-term training can already promote some changes, but that the extent of their magnitude seems to be related to the amount of practice. We discuss the role of the interrelationship between the investigated variables for emotion regulation, suggesting that meditation can be considered a particular type of regulatory strategy.
Garbis, Christer. "The cognitive use of artifacts in cooperative process management : rescue management and underground line control /". Linköping : Dept. of Communication Studies [Institutionen för Tema, Basenheten Tema Kommunikation], Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/arts258s.pdf.
Testo completoLinzarini, Adriano. "Développement et contrôle cognitifs : généralité et automatisation des processus inhibiteurs". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB207.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis was to investigate the question of the domain-generality of inhibitory control and its automatization throughout development. This question has been approached by various experimental studies in children, adolescents and adults. Three studies have focused on the generality of control processes operating in tasks belonging to different cognitive domains. In the first study, we wanted to answer two questions related to the discrepancies found in the literature on the development of inhibitory control in affectively charged contexts. The aim of this study was to determine (a) whether cool inhibition (control processes in emotionally neutral contexts) and hot inhibition (control processes in emotionally charged contexts) follow the same developmental pattern, and (b) the degree of specificity of these two types of inhibitory control throughout development. We thus compared the performance of 10-year-olds, 13-year-olds and 21-year-olds to an emotionally neutral color-word Stroop task and an emotional Stroop task. In a second study on 9-year-old children, we tested whether the inhibitory processes involved in a classical Piagetian conservation task (i.e., logico-mathematical domain) were identical or partially identical to those involved in the resolution of the classical neuropsychological color-word Stroop task (i.e., verbal domain). In a third study, we tested on a group of 10-year-old children and a group of 20-year-old young adults the transferability of inhibitory processes between a mirror letters discrimination task (that has recently been shown to require inhibition) and a color-word Stroop task, to determine (a) whether the resolution of a conflict at an early perceptual stage of the processing stream (recognition of visual symbols) can facilitate the resolution of a conflict arising at a much later stage (semantic and motor levels), and (b) if age affects this transferability. Then we looked at the automaticity of the inhibition processes by testing whether inhibitory control can operate completely unconsciously on conflicts arising between two subliminal interfering stimuli. To this end, we designed a priming paradigm consisting of trials in which a subliminal reverse Stroop item preceded a visible Stroop item. The aim of this paradigm was to verify the presence of a conflict adaptation effect and a negative priming effect produced by the subliminal items on the visible items. These two effects are commonly reported in studies using visible stimuli and suggest a transfer of control processes from the prime to the probe. Finally, in a fifth study, we investigated whether inter-individual differences in inhibitory control are in part due to prenatal processes, based on the analysis of the sulcal pattern, considered as a qualitative feature of the cerebral anatomy that is determined during fetal life and is stable during development. Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, we analyzed the correlations between the performance on a color-word Stroop task and the sulcal pattern of two key regions of the inhibitory control neural network, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the inferior frontal sulcus (which limits the lower frontal gyrus) in a group of 10-year-old children and in a group of 22-year-old adults. In conclusion, this thesis sheds new light on the question of the generality and the automatization of the inhibitory control processes from a developmental perspective
Moffeit, Katherine S. (Katherine Southerland). "The Effect of Cognitive Style on Auditor Internal Control Evaluation". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331974/.
Testo completoMeier, Christina. "A comparative investigation of associative processes in executive-control paradigms". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26798.
Testo completoWahab, Mejda. "Modélisation des interactions bidirectionnelles entre les processus cognitifs et l'addiction chez le rat". Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2259.
Testo completoDrug addiction is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and drug taking in spite of negative consequences. In the last years, it has been clearly shown that cognitive processes (impulsivity, behavioral flexibility, working memory, etc.) play a major role in this disorder. In fact, on the one hand, cognitive deficits appear to be risk factors for the development and maintenance of addiction and, on the other hand, repeated drug taking induces cognitive deficits. The objective of this thesis has been to investigate the bidirectional interactions between addiction and cognitive processes. In the first part of this work, we have been worked at developing a new procedure to study choice impulsivity in rats allowing improving existing Delay Discounting procedures. Our procedure could represent a new tool to gain insights into neurobiological processes underlying decision-making and the consequences of drugs on it. The second part of my thesis has consisted in investigating the effects of cognitive exercise on cocaine self-administration in rats. Surprisingly, we found that making a cognitive effort before a cocaine self-administration session increases drug consumption. Therefore, it appears that similarly to what described in humans, in rats, cognitive effort could induce a sort of “mental fatigue” that has negative effects on addiction
Tello, Oquendo Luis Patricio. "Design and Performance Analysis of Access Control Mechanisms for Massive Machine-to-Machine Communications in Wireless Cellular Networks". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/107946.
Testo completoNowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) is an essential technology for the upcoming generation of wireless systems. Connectivity is the foundation for IoT, and the type of access required will depend on the nature of the application. One of the leading facilitators of the IoT environment is machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and particularly, its tremendous potential to offer ubiquitous connectivity among intelligent devices. Cellular networks are the natural choice for emerging IoT and M2M applications. A major challenge in cellular networks is to make the network capable of handling massive access scenarios in which myriad devices deploy M2M communications. On the other hand, cellular systems have seen a tremendous development in recent decades; they incorporate sophisticated technology and algorithms to offer a broad range of services. The modeling and performance analysis of these large multi-service networks is also a challenging task that might require high computational effort. To address the above challenges, we first concentrate on the design and performance evaluation of novel access control schemes to deal with massive M2M communications. Then, we focus on the performance evaluation of large multi-service networks and propose a novel analytical technique that features accuracy and computational efficiency. Our main objective is to provide solutions to ease the congestion in the radio access or core network when massive M2M devices try to connect to the network. We consider the following two types of scenarios: (i) massive M2M devices connect directly to cellular base stations, and (ii) they form clusters and the data is forwarded to gateways that provide them with access to the infrastructure. In the first scenario, as the number of devices added to the network is constantly increasing, the network should handle the considerable increment in access requests. Access class barring (ACB) is proposed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as a practical congestion control solution in the radio access and core network. The proper tuning of the ACB parameters according to the traffic intensity is critical, but how to do so dynamically and autonomously is a challenging task that has not been specified. Thus, this dissertation contributes to the performance analysis and optimal design of novel algorithms to implement effectively this barring scheme and overcome the challenges introduced by massive M2M communications. In the second scenario, since the heterogeneity of IoT devices and the hardware-based cellular architectures impose even greater challenges to enable flexible and efficient communication in 5G wireless systems, this dissertation also contributes to the design of software-defined gateways (SD-GWs) in a new architecture proposed for wireless software-defined networks called SoftAir. The deployment of these SD-GWs represents an alternative solution aiming at handling both a vast number of devices and the volume of data they will be pouring into the network. Another contribution of this dissertation is to propose a novel technique for the performance analysis of large multi-service networks. The underlying complexity of the network, particularly concerning its size and the ample range of configuration options, makes the solution of the analytical models computationally costly. However, a typical characteristic of these networks is that they support multiple types of traffic flows operating at different time-scales. This time-scale separation can be exploited to reduce considerably the computational cost associated to determine the key performance indicators. Thus, we propose a novel analytical modeling approach based on the transient regime analysis, that we name absorbing Markov chain approximation (AMCA). For a given computational cost, AMCA finds common performance indicators with greater accuracy, when compared to the results obtained by other approximate methods proposed in the literature.
En l'actualitat, la Internet de les Coses (Internet of Things, IoT) és una tecnologia essencial per a la propera generació de sistemes sense fil. La connectivitat és la base d'IoT, i el tipus d'accés requerit dependrà de la naturalesa de l'aplicació. Un dels principals facilitadors de l'entorn IoT és la comunicació machine-to-machine (M2M) i, en particular, el seu enorme potencial per oferir connectivitat ubiqua entre dispositius intel · ligents. Les xarxes mòbils són l'elecció natural per a les aplicacions emergents de IoT i M2M. Un desafiament important en les xarxes mòbils que actualment está rebent molta atenció és aconseguir que la xarxa siga capaç de gestionar escenaris d'accés massiu en què una gran quantitat de dispositius utilitzen comunicacions M2M. D'altra banda, els sistemes mòbils han experimentat un gran desenvolupament en les últimes dècades: incorporen tecnologia sofisticada i nous algoritmes per oferir una àmplia gamma de serveis. El modelatge i análisi del rendiment d'aquestes xarxes multiservei és també un desafiament important que podria requerir un gran esforç computacional. Per abordar els desafiaments anteriors, en aquesta tesi doctoral ens centrem en primer lloc en el disseny i l'avaluació de les prestacions de nous mecanismes de control d'accés per fer front a les comunicacions massives M2M en xarxes cel · lulars. Posteriorment ens ocupem de l'avaluació de prestacions de xarxes multiservei i proposem una nova tècnica analítica que ofereix precisió i eficiència computacional. El nostre principal objectiu és proporcionar solucions per a alleujar la congestió a la xarxa d'accés ràdio quan un gran nombre de dispositius M2M intenten connectar-se a la xarxa. Considerem els dos tipus d'escenaris següents: (i) els dispositius M2M es connecten directament a les estacions base cel · lulars, i (ii) formen grups i les dades s'envien a concentradors de trànsit (gateways) que els proporcionen accés a la infraestructura. En el primer escenari, atès que el nombre de dispositius afegits a la xarxa augmenta contínuament, aquesta hauria de ser capaç de gestionar el considerable increment en les sol · licituds d'accés. El 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ha proposat l'access class barring (ACB) com una solució pràctica per al control de congestió a la xarxa d'accès ràdio i la xarxa troncal. L'ajust correcte dels paràmetres d'ACB d'acord amb la intensitat del trànsit és crític, però com fer-ho de forma dinàmica i autònoma és un problema complex, la solució del qual no està recollida en les especificacions del 3GPP. Aquesta tesi doctoral contribueix a l'anàlisi del rendiment i al disseny de nous algoritmes que implementen efectivament aquest mecanisme, i així superar els desafiaments introduïts per les comunicacions massives M2M en les xarxes mòbils actuals i futures. En el segon escenari, atès que l'heterogeneïtat dels dispositius IoT i les arquitectures cel · lulars basades en hardware imposen desafiaments encara més grans per permetre una comunicació flexible i eficient en els sistemes sense fil 5G, aquesta tesi doctoral també contribueix al disseny de software-defined gateways (SD-GWS) en una nova arquitectura proposada per a xarxes sense fils definides per programari que s'anomena SoftAir. Això permet gestionar tant un gran nombre de dispositius com el volum de dades que estaran abocant a la xarxa. Una altra contribució d'aquesta tesi doctoral és la proposta d'una tècnica innovadora per a l'anàlisi de prestacions de xarxes multiservei d'alta capacitat que es basa en un nou enfocament del modelitzat analític de sistemes que operen a diferents escales temporals. Aquest enfocament utilitza l'anàlisi del transitori d'una sèrie de subcadenes absorbents i l'anomenem absorbing Markov chain Approximation (AMCA). Els nostres resultats mostren que per a un cost computacional donat, AMCA calcula els paràmetres de prestacions habituals d
Tello Oquendo, LP. (2018). Design and Performance Analysis of Access Control Mechanisms for Massive Machine-to-Machine Communications in Wireless Cellular Networks [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/107946
TESIS
Eastes, Richard-Emmanuel. "Processus d'apprentissage, savoirs complexes et traitement de l'information : un modèle théorique à l'usage des praticiens, entre sciences cognitives, didactique et philosophie des sciences". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010593/document.
Testo completoAiming at bridging education sciences, cognitive sciences and philosophy of science both theoretically and practically, this thesis develops a didactical model at the interface between these fields: the allosteric learning model developed by Giordan (1988) et al. (1992), understood in the context conceptual change theories paradigm. Fueled by the recent works of cognitive psychologists on learning processes such as neuronal recycling (Dehaene, 2007) or cerebral inhibition (Houdé & Tzourio-Mazoyer, 2003), as well as on various theories related to the thought processes such as behavioral economies (Tversky & Kahneman, 1982) or the Skills-Rules-Knowledge framework model (Rasmussen, 1990), this model develops and refines the concept of allostery through the description and formalization of specific processes that take place in complex learning situations : the deconstruction-reconstruction of conceptions. Based on the theorization of the model, done through the use chemical reactivity formalisms in line with the initial metaphor of allostery, it is possible to deduce various operational and fruitful didactical environments for teaching practitioners or science communication professionals. These theoretical projections are then put to the test through didactic experimentation taking the shape of field research on the notion of counter-intuitive experiment (Eastes & Pellaud, 2004) conducted with different types of target groups
Jacobs, Arthur. "Le controle oculomoteur dans l'exploration visuelle : mecanismes sensori-moteurs et processus cognitifs". Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H019.
Testo completoIn order to better understand eye movement control in reading we must first analyze the underlying mechanisms. When the eye scans lines of homogenous letter strings in search of a known target, the brain must compute efficiently, at each fixation, the size and the moment of occurrence of the next saccade. For the case where the target is clearly localisable in peripheral vision, we know that this computation depends on the target's retinal eccentricity. The present study examines the sensori-motor and cognitive mechanisms underlying the control of a particular type of saccades : those programmed without any target being present in periphery. What determines eye movements in a visual search task when scanning those lines that contain no target at all ? the working hypothesis guiding our analyses was the following : the size of saccades programmed in the absence of a target depends directly on the sensory constraints that limit the number of letters visible at each fixation (the visual span). Under this hypothesis each saccade should bring the eye to the limit of the visual span. Accordingly, if visibility conditions force visual span to decrease, saccade sizes should, on average, decrease in parallel. This hypothesis was tested by a series of psychophysical experiments - in order to measure visual span under varying visibility conditions - and by a series of eye movement analyses in a visual search task using the same visibility conditions as the visual span experiments. The results clearly show that the amplitude computation of saccades programmed in the absence of localisable targets depends on changes in the effective visual span. This indicates that this type of saccade is controlled by cognitive processes which supplement the sensory analysis of the stimulus material with decisions based on a representation of the visual properties of the sought-for target. These decisions influence both the size and the moment of occurrence of a saccade. To account for these results on a theoretical level, a working model of the control of exploratory saccades is proposed
Woltjer, Rogier. "Functional Modeling of Constraint Management in Aviation Safety and Command and Control". Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17639.
Testo completoJelihovschi, Ana Paula Gomes. "Look before you leap: the effects of cognitive impulsiveness and reasoning process on rational decision making". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18251.
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Impulsivity may lead to several unfortunate consequences and maladaptive behaviors for clinical and non-clinical people. Although many studies discuss the negative impact of it, few of them emphasize the relationship between cognitive impulsiveness and decision making in non-clinical subjects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive impulsiveness on decision making and explore the strategies used by participants to solve problems. For this purpose, we apply two measures of impulsivity: the self-report Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the performance based Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT).This is the first study that compares self-report impulsiveness based on BIS-11 and performance-based reflectivity measured by CRT. Moreover, due to the fact that we apply the instruments on pen and paper, it is possible to evaluate participants’ reasoning processes employed to answer CRT questions. These reasoning processes are related to the role of Executive Functions for decision making and its relationship with impulsiveness. In practical terms, we observed participants’ strategies by analyzing their calculation expressions and data organization to answer CRT questions in the paper sheet. The sample consists of 191 non-clinical adults, professionals, and undergraduate students from the fields of business, management, and accounting. Results show that cognitive impulsiveness may negatively affect performance. Moreover, there is no difference in strategies used by impulsive and non-impulsive people during a decision making, and who calculate in the paper sheet perform better. Finally, people who inhibit their immediate answers also perform better during a decision making.
Wadsworth, Lauren P. "Cognitive processes and moderators of willingness in individuals with social anxiety disorder and non-anxious controls in response to a social performance task". Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1572467.
Testo completoThe present study investigated differences between individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and non-anxious controls (NAC) on measures of thought processes and anxiety responses surrounding an anxiety-provoking situation. Participants gave a spontaneous speech to an audience and reported their anxiety throughout. Measures of trait decentering and anxiety, situational anxiety, negative thoughts and believability, and willingness to repeat the task were administered. Compared to NAC, individuals with SAD reported a higher prevalence of negative thoughts, found the thoughts more believable, reported lower levels of trait decentering, and reported less willingness to repeat an anxiety-provoking task. Collapsing the groups, we found an inverse relationship between the amount of negative thoughts and willingness to repeat the task, and a positive correlation between decentering and willingness. We did not find evidence to support that decentering and believability moderate this relationship. The present study partially supports the proposed model of SAD, as the SAD and NAC groups differed at each step of the proposed model, however moderation analyses were not significant.
Friend, Daniel. "Cognitive Networks: Foundations to Applications". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26449.
Testo completoPh. D.
Placé, Ljubis̆a. "Caractéristiques des processus conscients et non conscients à travers deux paradigmes expérimentaux de la psychologie cognitive". Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20045.
Testo completoResults of the first part reveal a distinction between executive attention, linking shortterm memory to access consciousness and sensorial attention, linking the sensorial register to short-term memory. Besides, if there is no conscious access to information without attention, there no maintenance of information in short-term memory without access consciousness control. Furthermore, the amount of information maintained in short-term memory (three or four is the maximum) influences attentional allocation to new information. Results of the second part show that subliminal priming depends on the nature of the unconscious processes involved : they must be automatic. Conversely, supraliminal priming depends on the nature of the conscious task : it must be controlled. Thus, a controlled process can only be activated consciously, whereas an automatic process, normally activated unconsciously, may also be activated consciously, but it generates a cost in terms of performance
Raiss, El Fenni Mohammed. "Opportunistic spectrum usage and optimal control in heterogeneous wireless networks". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907120.
Testo completoRosell, Negre Patricia. "Modulación del procesamiento cerebral por la magnitud de la recompensa en tareas de control cognitivo en participantes sanos y adictos a la cocaína". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401546.
Testo completoReward contingencies increase the likelihood of a behavior and the brain processes necessary to perform them in addition to optimizing both behavior and brain processes. This doctoral thesis studies the effect of monetary reward magnitude on brain processing during goal-directed behaviors considering individual differences in personality and cocaine addiction. We performed three studies with monetary contingencies of variable magnitude during the execution of inhibition tasks in healthy participants and cocaine addicts. In both groups, the monetary reward produced a behavioral improvement proportional to the magnitude. In addition, in healthy participants this behavioral improvement was associated with the individual differences in sensitivity to reward. However, cocaine addicts showed deficient prefrontal modulation that counteracted with a greater involvement of occipital areas, an increased fronto-striatal connectivity and the left frontoparietal network.
Kechaou, Fatma. "Construction d’un système d’aide à la décision statistico-cognitive pour le pilotage des processus d’entreprise". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST055.
Testo completoTo maintain their competitiveness, companies must be able to produce products that meet customer expectations while controlling their production tools as well as possible. The diagnosis and prognosis of potential failures in the production system in terms of performance are powerful methods for improving industrial performance. Having a model for implementing these methods is a real challenge. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the performance-based control of production systems. The Bayesian network, one of the most robust techniques of the "Probabilistic Graphs" family, combined with the fundamental concept of causality have been used to produce models allowing diagnostic and prognostic studies. A methodology based on the use of human expertise and historical data was defined and applied to the case of a perfume packaging line. Techniques were proposed in order to reduce as much as possible the natural biases resulting from the elicitation of human expertise. This thesis is part of the French project EUGENE, FUI23. The objective of the thesis is to set up a reactive solution for control while ensuring a better compromise between equipment availability, operating costs, quality and competitiveness of the product. We explore human expertise, as well as causality independence reasoning centered on a Bayesian probabilistic formalism in order to develop a methodology to build a model for estimating the state of health of the productive system. The results present a synthetic vision tool for decision support to the industrialist
García, García Manuel Antonio. "The role of COMT, DAT and DRD2 polymorphisms on brain mechanisms of involuntary attention and cognitive control". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2722.
Testo completoThe results of these studies provide evidence for a relevant role of COMT, DAT1 and DRD2 genes in cognitive processes, which helps to understand cognitive disruption associated to dopamine dysregulation in psychiatric disorders.
Els nostres gens juguen un rol important en la manera que enfrontem els canvis de l'ambient i adaptem la nostre conducta adequadament. El present treball de recerca se centra en el paper de tres gens relacionats amb la dopamina (DA) sobre processos cognitius, com el canvi de l'atenció quan és requerit per les demandes ambientals o el processament d'esdeveniments inesperats però potencialment rellevants. L'activitat dopaminèrgica al còrtex prefrontal (PFC) i a l'estriat semblen jugar papers diferents en el processament atencional i interaccionen per a regular l'estabilitat i flexibilitat de l'actualització de la informació contextual. Per això, vam estudiar l'acció de gens que regulaven l'acció de la dopamina del PFC (i.e. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase; COMT), la resposta de dopamina difosa en l'espai extrasinàptic estriatal (i.e. Transportador de Dopamina; DAT) i la concentració de receptors de dopamina de tipus D2 (i.e. receptors D2 de dopamina; DRD2).
Els participants amb diversos al·lels dels gens estudiats van realitzar dues versions diferents d'un paradigma de distracció auditiu visual, en el qual se'ls demanava que ignoressin tons estàndards freqüents i sons ambientals nous rars que precedien els objectius pertinents de la tasca. En dos estudis, vam manipular l'efecte d'un context emocional sobre el processament d'esdeveniments nous inesperats, donada la potencial rellevància d'un esdeveniment nou durant una situació d'amenaça en la qual pot ser nociu. En tres estudis, els participants amb al·lels diferents o combinacions d'al·lels van realitzar un paradigma de commutació de tasca, en el qual l'actualització d'informació sensorial i de tasca es podria dissociar. Al llarg dels sis estudis, se van emprar mesures conductuals i electrofisiològiques enregistrades al cuir cabellut, com els anàlisis de l'electroencefalograma (EEG) al domini del temps promitjant els potencials cerebrals relacionats a esdeveniments (ERP), i l'activitat oscil·latòria cerebral al domini temps- freqüència.
Tres estudis van mostrar el paper del gen del DAT en el control cognitiu de l'atenció, suggerint així la pertinència de la DA estriatal en la flexibilitat cognitiva. Els nostres resultats suggereixen un processament independent del context dels canvis sensorials per la reconfiguració del set de la tasca en individus amb l'al·lel de 9 repeticions de DAT (9R+) relacionats amb una major disponibilitat de dopamina estriatal. Tanmateix, aquests individus van mostrar una detecció primerenca de la rellevància per la tasca dels canvis sensorials. El gen del DAT regulava la modulació del processament de la novetat per un context emocional. Els individus 9R+ van mostrar una resposta cerebral més gran als estimuls novedosos.
Dos estudis van mostrar el paper de la interacció dels gens de la COMT i del DRD2 sobre processos atencionals. S'ha suggerit que els individus amb l'al·lel de COMT Val i l'al·lel de DRD2 A1 (A1+) i COMT Met sense l'al·lel de DRD2 A1 (A1-) mostren una interacció equilibrada de dopamina prefrontal i estriatal. Aquests grups van mostrar distracció conductual, mentre que els individus ValA1- i els individus MetA1+ no van ser distrets per sons nous en un paradigma de distracció visual auditiu. Els grups, tanmateix, no-distrets resultaven processar esdeveniments nous a través de la restauracio d'activitat neuronal a 40 Hz. A més, aquells amb una interacció equilibrada semblaven tornar a configurar la informació de la tasca quan era necessari, mentre que aquells amb dopamina PFC o estriatal extremes tornarien a configurar el set de la tasca després de cada canvi sensorial.
Els resultats dels estudis de la tesi proporcionen una evidència del paper rellevant dels gens de la COMT, el DAT1 i el DRD2 en processos cognitius, i ajuden a entendre els dèficits cognitius associats a la disregulació de la dopamina en trastorns psiquiàtrics.
COSTA, Rafael Gomes da. "Sistema de auxílio para o direcionamento da atenção no diagnóstico de acidentes em usinas nucleares baseado em inteligência artificial". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IEN, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/ien/556.
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A identificação de transientes numa central nuclear é freqüentemente uma tarefa muito difícil e, normalmente, depende, basicamente, da cognição humana. A identificação precoce dos desvios inesperados nos comportamentos com estado estacionário é um passo essencial para a operação, controle e gestão de acidentes em centrais nucleares. As bases para a identificação estão na percepção de que diferentes falhas e anomalias no sistema conduzem a distintos padrões evolutivos nas variáveis envolvidas no processo. Durante um evento anormal, o operador deve controlar uma grande quantidade de informação a partir dos instrumentos, próprios a cada tipo específico de evento. Contudo, diversos modelos baseados em sistemas especialistas, redes neurais e lógica fuzzy estão sendo desenvolvidos para a identificação de transientes. No presente trabalho, a investigação centra-se na possibilidade de se utilizar uma ferramenta de modelagem Neuro-Fuzzy para uma eficiente identificação de transientes, com o objetivo de auxiliar o operador a tomar decisões em relação ao procedimento a ser seguido em situações de acidentes / transientes em centrais nucleares. O sistema proposto utiliza redes neurais artificiais (RNA), como primeiro nível de diagnóstico. A partir da identificação de transientes preliminar desenvolvida pela RNA, o sistema de lógica fuzzy analisa os resultados, emitindo importante grau de confiabilidade. Uma avaliação preliminar do sistema desenvolvido foi feita no Laboratório de Interface Homem-Sistema (LABIHS).
Transient identification in Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is often a very hard task and may involve a great amount of human cognition. The early identification of unexpected departures from steady state behavior is an essential step for the operation, control and accident management in NPPs. The bases for the transient identification relay on the evidence that different system faults and anomalies lead to different pattern evolution in the involved process variables. During an abnormal event, the operator must monitor a great amount of information from the instruments that represents a specific type of event. Several systems based on specialist systems, neural-networks, and fuzzy logic have been developed for transient identification. In the work, we investigate the possibility of using a Neuro-Fuzzy modeling tool for efficient transient identification, aiming to helping the operator crew to take decisions relative to the procedure to be followed in situations of accidents/transients at NPPs. The proposed system uses artificial neural networks (ANN) as first level transient diagnostic. After the ANN has done the preliminary transient type identification, a fuzzy-logic system analyzes the results emitting reliability degree of it. A preliminary evaluation of the developed system was made at the Human-System Interface Laboratory (LABIHS). The obtained results show that the system can help the operators to take decisions during transients/accidents in the plant.
Stankovic, Stéphanie. "Les processus cognitifs en jeu dans les jugements de risques en situation complexe et dynamique : le cas du contrôle aérien". Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20105.
Testo completoThe main interrogation of this thesis is: “What are the cognitive processes involved in judgments of potential conflict given by air traffic controllers? “. To answer this question we investigated the risk judgments about conflict between two aircraft given by expert and novice air traffic controllers following the approach of the lens of Brunswik (1952) and the model of integrating information of Anderson (1996). The application of these two models to the risk judgments allow us to identify particular components that have a major role in shaping judgments and specify the rules governing integration. This application is developed across three empirical studies: the first relates to risk judgments issued by air traffic controllers' experts and students. In this study we propose a model of risk judgments based on three variables. The second study is a test of the proposed model and an analysis of the rules of integrating information. And the last study incorporates several elements in shaping judgments. We demonstrate that it is crucial to adopt an individual differences approach to study judgments by air traffic controllers. Also, these findings should have implications for developing user-friendly interfaces with conflict detection devices and for devising ATC training programs
Thuaire, Flavien. "Les processus d'évaluation et de régulation de l'apprentissage : psychopathologie cognitive de la schizophrénie et études préliminaires auprès de participants sains". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20026/document.
Testo completoSchizophrenia is characterized by a range of positive and negative symptoms and bycognitive deficits including the most disabling one, memory. Metamemory, which is knowledge about memory is of particular interest for the understanding and remediation of this trouble. It involves a monitoring and a control process, which would be in interaction.Previous studies have shown that monitoring is spared whereas control is impaired. However,these relations between these processes have not been examined whereas they could compensate for memory deficit. The aims of this work were to observe these relations between monitoring and control in schizophrenia and cognitive resources linked to these processes on the one hand. On the other hand, we wished to observe the use of different kinds of materials and learning strategies in healthy participants to get better fundamental knowledge about metamemory. Two experiments showed that patients were able to use monitoring to adapt their learning strategy and also that their memory deficits were linked too ther cognitive functions. Five following experiments confirmed that healthy participants do not use intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the materials in the same way when makin gjudgments and using strategies. These data are discussed and point out that more research about metamemory in schizophrenia is of interest for the remediation of memory deficits inschizophrenia patients
Prebot, Baptiste. "Représentation partagée et travail collaboratif en contexte C2 : monitoring d'opérateurs en situation simulée de command and control". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0227.
Testo completoAdvances in information and communication technologies has enabled the development of collaborative work in almost all sectors of human activity. To ensure the performance of the group and minimize the risk of errors, it is crucial that the team members share a common understanding of the situation in which they are involved. This is particularly true in military crisis situations, such as those that exist within command and control (C2) structures.Within an environment characterized by the growing complexity of conflicts, the challenge today is both scientific and highly applicative. Progress in the study of collective cognition, the heart of collaborative work, has a clear potential that must be translated into tangible applications to optimize the management and execution of collective tasks. Real-time evaluation of the cognition of individuals and teams allows to envisage adaptive tools and systems to improve efficiency, performance and agility.In light of these challenges, our objective, commissioned by the DGA, is to find appropriate measures that would enable an assessment of the dynamics of the sharing of situational awareness, in the very constraining context of command and control room operations, which require the lowest possible level of instrumentation of operators.Our contribution to the field has been dual. We have proposed the concept of situation awareness synchrony to support the theoretical development of the study of the dynamics of situation awareness sharing. In addition, we have highlighted the importance of adopting a cognitive engineering methodology, in the perspective of transposing laboratory knowledge to a more complex application environments.Thus, our work consisted in exploring quantitative measures of shared situational awareness, suitable for automated and real-time exploitation by a collective cognition diagnostic system. We applied psychophysiological and behavioural monitoring of operators engaged in a C2 task (individual, then collective), to evaluate their shared situation awareness, using eye tracker pupillometry.These studies have led us to analyze the sensitivity of this monitoring to the dynamics of the operators' situational awareness and its sharing in an ecological environment.This doctoral work is presented as a demonstration of the interest and applicability of shared cognition evaluation systems in realistic collaborative work environments, and is supported by proposals concerning the future of research on C2
Paour, Jean-Louis. "Un modèle cognitif et développemental du retard mental pour comprendre et intervenir". Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10010.
Testo completoThe model gives a reinterpretation of data acquired until now about mental retardation. A critical analysis of the leading theories reveals that their contradictions (development vs. Difference, structural vs. Metacognitive deficit) lie in a confusion between the different levels of causality and shows their complementarities. A set of experiments conducted by the author, allows to reorganize the previous data by specifying relationships between spontaneous cognitive functionning and intellectual development on one hand interactions between motivation and cognitive efficiency on the other hand. By stressing control processes, cognitive as well as non cognitive, the model specifies mental retardation as : a possible deficit of perceptive, mnesic and energetic systems, a chronic functionning deficit, fixations of logico-mathematical knowledge, pronounced discordances in the metacognitive development and a lack of mastery of control processes experience. Educational implications are discussed
Rechard, Julien. "Introduction de critères ergonomiques dans un système de génération automatique d’interfaces de supervision". Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS380/document.
Testo completoThe ecological interface design is composed of two steps, a work domain analysis and a transcription of the information of the work domain into ecological representation (Naikar, 2010). This kind of design showed his effectiveness for the supervision of complex system (Burns, 2008). Nevertheless, Vicente (2002) highlighted two issues, the long design time and the difficulties to translate with a formal way a work domain into ecological representation. Moreover, he doesn’t exist a formal tool of validation for a work domain. Several tools and works allow to be comfortable in the possibility to find some solution (Functional methodology (Liu et al, 2002), TMTA (Morineau, 2010) and Anaxagore (Bignon, 2012). We propose several answers at the issue: how formalize the design of an ecological interface in order to reduce the time and effort linked to the design? The first proposition is a tool of verification of model of work domain based on a simulation by TMTA. The second bring thanks to a second version of the Anaxagore flow, an integration of the works of Liu et al (2002) with the principle of the ecological library of ecological widget linked to a scheme of input of high level. Based on the work domain of a fresh water system in a ship, an ecological interface has been implemented and validated experimentally. This interface has been compared with a conventional interface also generated by Anaxagore. The results show that the ecological interface promotes a biggest numbers of coherent ways in the work domain. This kind of interface also promotes a better accuracy of the diagnostic for the operators using the ecological interface
Farská, Kateřina. "Cognitive Depletion and Its Effect on Decision Making". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165267.
Testo completoAmieva, Hélène. "Processus de contrôle, mécanismes d'inhibition et maladie d'Alzheimer". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28758.
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