Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cognitive"

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cognitive"

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Martín-Loeches, Manuel. "La Neurociencia Cognitiva, la Psicología Cognitiva y nuestro Sistema Cognitivo Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, and our Cognitive System". Cognitiva 16, n. 2 (1 settembre 2004): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/0214355042248884.

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Brown, Penelope. "Anthropologie cognitive". Anthropologie et Sociétés 23, n. 3 (10 settembre 2003): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015619ar.

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Résumé RÉSUMÉ Anthropologie cognitive C'est ici l'occasion de faire le point sur les récents développements de l'anthropologie cognitive. définie dans ses grandes lignes comme l'étude comparative de la cognition humaine dans son contexte linguistique et culturel. En réaction à la prépondérance de l'uni-versalisme au cours des années soixante-dix et quatre-vingt, il s'est fait récemment un certain nombre de réévaluations des rapports entre langue et cognition. et le champ de l'anthropologie cognitive s'épanouit dans plusieurs nouvelles directions en Amérique comme en Europe. Cela résulte en partie de ce qu'on a renouvelé et réévalué les façons d'aborder la relativité linguistique associée à Whorf. et en partie de l'enthousiasme suscité par les récents développements dans les sciences cognitives. Cet article offre un bref aperçu de l'histoire de l'anthropologie cognitive et passe en revue les travaux en cours des deux côtés de l'Atlantique. Il fait le point sur les nouvelles directions de recherche, en s'attachant, en guise d'exemple, aux travaux récents consacrés aux modèles culturels de même qu'au langage spatial et à la cognition. Ce tour d'horizon se termine en suggérant comment l'anthropologie cognitive pourrait contribuer directement tant au projet général des sciences cognitives qu'à l'étude anthropologique des rapports entre les idées et les pratiques culturelles, d'une part, et les structures et les processus de la cognition humaine, d'autre part. Mots clés : Brown. langage, cognition. culture, relativité linguistique, espace, modèles culturels
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Castro, Ana Paula Ocaña, Bruna Carine Pasa, Kátine Marchezan Estivalet, Aline Sarturi Ponte e Kayla Araújo Ximenes Aguiar Palma. "Análise do uso da tecnologia através de aplicativos de jogos como recurso de estimulação cognitiva em idosa com queixas subjetivas de memória: uma análise de prática/ Analysis of the use of technology through game applications as a cognitive stimulation resource in elderly women with subjective memory complaints: a practice analysis". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 4, n. 5 (6 agosto 2020): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto34319.

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O estudo aponta o uso da tecnologia, através de aplicativos de jogos, como recurso possível na estimulação cognitiva em idosa com queixas subjetivas de memória. Logo, trata-se de uma análise de prática, exploratória, descritiva e comparativa pré e pós-intervenção terapêutica ocupacional dos resultados da Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo (BBRC). Foram realizadas 16 intervenções com uma idosa de 77 anos, utilizando com recurso o aplicativo de jogos Brainilis, percebendo-se melhora em diferentes funções cognitivas. Os jogos podem ser importantes potencializadores terapêuticos, estimulando o funcionamento neuronal e a organização das habilidades comprometidas. Palavras-chave: Envelhecimento; Memória; Cognição; Tecnologia; Terapia Ocupacional. Abstract: The study points out the use of technology, through game applications, as a possible resource in cognitive stimulation in elderly people with subjective memory complaints. Therefore, this is a practice analysis, exploratory, descriptive and comparative pre- and post-intervention therapeutic occupational by comparing the results of the Cognitive Screening Short Battery (CSSB). Sixteen interventions were performed with a 77-year-old woman, using the Brainilis game application, perceiving improvement in different cognitive functions. The games can be important therapeutic potentials, stimulating neuronal functioning and the organization of compromised abilities. Keywords: Aging; Memory; Cognition; Technology; Occupational Therapy. Resumen: El estudio señala el uso de la tecnología, a través de aplicaciones de juegos, como un posible recurso en la estimulación cognitiva en persona mayor con quejas de memoria subjetiva. Por lo tanto, este es un análisis de la práctica, exploratoria, descriptiva y comparativa, previa y posterior a la intervención, de los resultados de la Batería Corta de Detección Cognitiva (BCDC). Se realizaron dieciséis intervenciones con una mujer de 77 años, usando la aplicación del juego Brainilis, percibiendo una mejora en diferentes funciones cognitivas. Los juegos pueden ser importantes potenciales terapéuticos, estimulando el funcionamiento neuronal y la organización de habilidades comprometidas. Palabras clave: Envejecimiento; Memoria; Cognición; Tecnología; Terapia Ocupacional.
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WILSON, ROBERT S., LISA L. BARNES, KRISTIN R. KRUEGER, GEORGE HOGANSON, JULIA L. BIENIAS e DAVID A. BENNETT. "Early and late life cognitive activity and cognitive systems in old age". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 11, n. 4 (luglio 2005): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617705050459.

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Little is known about the relative benefits of cognitively stimulating activities at different points in the lifespan. In a cohort of 576 older persons without dementia, we assessed current and past (childhood, young adulthood, middle age) frequency of cognitive activity; availability of cognitively stimulating resources in the home in childhood and middle age; and 5 domains of cognitive function. Past cognitive activity and cognitive resources were positively correlated with both current cognitive activity and current cognitive function. The association with cognitive function was reduced after controlling for current cognitive activity, however. Current cognitive activity was associated with better cognitive function, especially semantic memory and perceptual speed, even after controlling for past activity. The results suggest that past cognitive activity contributes to current cognition principally through its association with cognitive activity in old age. (JINS, 2005,11, 400–407.)
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Cavanagh, Patrick. "The cognitive impenetrability of cognition". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, n. 3 (giugno 1999): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99272020.

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Cognitive impenetrability is really two assertions: (1) perception and cognition have access to different knowledge bases; and (2) perception does not use cognitive-style processes. The first leads to the unusual corollary that cognition is itself cognitively impenetrable. The second fails when it is seen to be the claim that reasoning is available only in conscious processing.
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Opdebeeck, Carol, Catherine Quinn, Sharon M. Nelis e Linda Clare. "Does cognitive reserve moderate the association between mood and cognition? A systematic review". Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 25, n. 3 (agosto 2015): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259815000155.

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SummaryThe evidence regarding the association between mood and cognitive function is conflicting, suggesting the involvement of moderating factors. This systematic review aimed to assess whether cognitive reserve moderates the association between mood and cognition in older people. Cognitive reserve was considered in terms of the three key proxy measures – educational level, occupation, and engagement in cognitively stimulating leisure activities – individually and in combination. Sixteen studies representing 37,101 participants were included in the review. Of these, 13 used a measure of education, one used a measure of occupation, two used a measure of participation in cognitively stimulating activities, and one used a combination of these. In general, cognitive reserve moderated the association between mood and cognition, with a larger negative association between mood and cognition in those with low cognitive reserve than in those with high cognitive reserve. Further research utilizing multiple proxy measures of cognitive reserve is required to elucidate the associations.
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Cardona, Mario. "Apprendere le lingue nella terza età è possibile ed è salutare. Il cervello ci dice perchè". Revista Italiano UERJ 12, n. 2 (13 luglio 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/italianouerj.2021.67581.

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ABSTRACT: L’invecchiamento della popolazione è un dato demografico mondiale che assume carattere rilevante in molti Paesi del cosiddetto “primo mondo”, Il concetto di anzianità oggigiorno non può più basarsi su dati misurabili che stabiliscono quando un individuo, nell’arco della sua vita, entra nella fase della vecchiaia. Si tratta di un concetto molto più ampio e articolato che riguarda dimensioni socio-sanitarie, psico-affettive, cognitive e culturali. È necessario dunque ripensare il ruolo attivo della popolazione anziana in una società complessa e plurilingue. Nell’ottica dell’invecchiamento di successo (succesful ageing) e in base al principio di cittadinanza attiva (active citizenship) l’apprendimento delle lingue diviene un aspetto educativo rilevante sia per la partecipazione attiva nella società, sia per i vantaggi cognitivi specifici che tale tipo di apprendimento comporta. Oggi la ricerca neuropsicologica dimostra come l’apprendimento possa avvenire lungo tutto l’arco della vita e come il nostro cervello sia in grado di attivare importati fenomeni di compensazione in grado di arginare il declino cognitivo. In questo contributo si prenderanno in considerazione alcuni aspetti neuropsicologici che dimostrano come l’apprendimento linguistico nell’anziano non solo sia possibile, ma sia auspicabile. Su questi presupposti è importante che la linguistica educativa sviluppi un adeguato modello glotto-geragogico.Parole chiave: Glotto-geragogia. Anziani. Linguistica educativa. Plasticità neuronale. Riserva cognitiva. Modello STAC (Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition). RESUMO: O envelhecimento da população é um dado demográfico global que assume um caráter relevante em muitos países do chamado "primeiro mundo". Hoje o conceito de antiguidade não pode mais ser baseado em dados mensuráveis que estabelecem quando um indivíduo, durante sua vida, entra na fase da velhice. É um conceito muito mais amplo e articulado que diz respeito às dimensões sócio-saúde, psicoafetiva, cognitiva e cultural. É, pois, necessário repensar o papel ativo da população idosa numa sociedade complexa e multilingue. Com vista a um envelhecimento bem sucedido e com base no princípio da cidadania ativa, a aprendizagem de línguas torna-se um aspecto educativo relevante tanto para a participação ativa na sociedade como para as vantagens cognitivas específicas que tal tipo de aprendizagem acarreta. Hoje, a pesquisa neuropsicológica demonstra como o aprendizado pode ocorrer ao longo da vida e como nosso cérebro é capaz de ativar importantes fenômenos de compensação capazes de conter o declínio cognitivo. Neste artigo, serão levados em consideração alguns aspectos neuropsicológicos que demonstram como a aprendizagem de linguagem em idosos não é apenas possível, mas desejável. Com base nesses pressupostos, é importante que a linguística educacional desenvolva um modelo gloto-hieragógico adequado.Palavras-chave: Gloto-hieragogia. Idosos. Linguística educacional. Plasticidade neuronal. Reserva cognitive. Modelo STAC (Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition). ABSTRACT: Population aging is a world demographic data which assumes a relevant character in many of the countries of the so called “first world”. The concept of aging, nowadays, cannot be anymore based on measurable data that establish when a human being, throughout his life, enters the stage of old age. It deals with a much wider and more complex concept that concerns socio-health, psycho-affective, cognitive and cultural dimensions. It is therefore necessary to rethink the active role of old population in a complicated and multilingual society. With a view to a successful aging and according to the principle of active citizenship, language learning becomes an educational aspect relevant both in order to achieve an active social participation and for the specific cognitive advantages that type of learning provides with. Nowadays, the neuropsychological research shows how learning could happen throughout the entire life and how our brain is capable to activate important cognitive compensation phenomena capable of stemming the cognitive decline. This essay will take into consideration some neuropsychological aspects that demonstrate how language learning in old people is not only possible, but desirable. On these assumptions it is important that educational linguistic develops an adequate foreign language learning geragogic model. Keywords: Foreign language learning geragogic model. Old age. Educational linguistics. Neural plasticity. Brain reserve. STAC Model (Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition).
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Tudela, Pío. "¿Neurociencia Cognitiva o Cognición Incorporada? Cognitive Neuroscience or Embodied Cognition?" Cognitiva 16, n. 2 (1 settembre 2004): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/0214355042248857.

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Petridou, Evangelia. "Cognitive frailty: a brief review". Journal of Research and Practice on the Musculoskeletal System 4, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2020): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22540/jrpms-04-113.

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Frailty syndrome and cognitive decline, conditions linked with aging, jeopardize health status and promote an individual’s dependence on daily living activities. Various models include cognition in the assessment of frailty, but recently a new term has been proposed, called “Cognitive Frailty’’, originally presented as a probable outcome of frailty, but later it has been proposed to be an early sign of the syndrome. Cognitive frailty encompasses both the physical and the cognitive domain, explored as a unique entity, and includes two subtypes, the reversible and the potentially reversible cognitive frailty. Most studies examine cognition as another domain of frailty, using different methods for the assessment of both frailty and the status of cognition. In the present article, various definitions of the frailty syndrome and cognitive frailty as well as screening tools are reviewed. The link between cognitive impairment and frailty, and the common pathophysiological mechanisms such as neuropathological, vascular and metabolic factors, inflammation, hormones and nutrition are explored. Finally, this review presents the effects of multi-domain and single domain interventions, conducted in physical and/or cognitively frail populations that may be applied to the prevention and management of cognitive frailty.
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Matallana, Diana, Juanita Gempeler Rueda, Maritza Rodríguez Guarín, Pilar Otero, Diana Giraldo Arango, María Poveda, Nina Rangel-Gamboa e Hernando Santamaría-García. "Processing of novel stimuli as cognitive remediation therapy in patients with eating disorder / Procesamiento de estímulos novedosos como terapia de remediación cognitiva en pacientes con trastorno alimentario". Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios 9, n. 1 (19 aprile 2018): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2018.1.446.

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Abstract Previous studies have shown the usefulness of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) in patients with eating disorders (ED). The objective of this study was to assess a new cognitive technique called "With the head in the clouds" (WHC). A total of 22 women with ED (13 with anorexia nervosa and 9 with bulimia nervosa), between 14 and 29 years (M = 19.0, SD = 3.4), completed the six group sessions of this technique. Under a design pre-post intervention, participants were assessed in: visuo-constructive functions (Copy of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure [CRCF]), creative thinking (Torrance Creative Thinking Test [TCTT]), cognitive flexibility (CRCF and TCTT) and cognitive control (Stroop Test). The intervention improved different cognitive domains, such as: greater global coherence, creative thinking and resistance to closure, as well as less fragmentation. Based on CRT, aimed at stimulating the new processing of visual stimuli, the technique WHC showed an improvement in some of the cognitive processes involved in the onset of symptoms in patients with ED. Resumen Estudios previos han indicado la utilidad de la terapia de remediación cognitiva (TRC) en pacientes con trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar una nueva técnica de innovación cognitiva llamada “Con la cabeza en las nubes” (CCN). Participaron 22 mujeres con TCA (13 con anorexia nerviosa y 9 con bulimia nerviosa), de entre 14 y 29 años de edad (M = 19.0, DE = 3.4), quienes completaron las seis sesiones grupales de que consta dicha técnica. Bajo un diseño pre-post intervención, las participantes fueron evaluadas en cuanto a: funciones viso-constructivas (Copia de la Figura Compleja de Rey-Osterrieth [CFCR]), pensamiento creativo (Test de Pensamiento Creativo de Torrance [TPCT]), flexibilidad cognitiva (CFCR y TPCT) y control cognitivo (Test de Stroop). La intervención generó una mejora en distintos dominios cognitivos, como son: mayor coherencia global, pensamiento creativo y resistencia al cierre, así como menor fragmentación. Basada en la TRC, encaminada a estimular el procesamiento novedoso de estímulos visuales, la técnica CCN mostró mejorar algunos de los procesos cognitivos implicados en la generación de los síntomas de pacientes con TCA.
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Tesi sul tema "Cognitive"

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Blumen, Sheyla. "The development of cognitive abilities following the new outcomes of psychological theories". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1997. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101522.

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The most representative models of cognitive development following the new outcomes of psychological theories are presented. Then a brief analysis of the models in terms of six factors related to different areas in psychology and social sciences (importance of each stage, processes, knowledge, individual differences, context and limits in the cognitive development) is developed. Finally, an integration of the model developed by Sincoff and Sternberg (1989) is presented.
Se presentan los modelos más representativos del desarrollo cognitivo según los avances en las teorías psicológicas. Luego se realiza un breve análisis de los modelos en función a seis factores relacionados con diferentes áreas de la psicología y las ciencias sociales (importancia de cada etapa, procesos, conocimiento, diferencias individuales, contexto y limitaciones en el desarrollo cognitivo). Finalmente se presenta una propuesta de integración de los modelos actuales del desarrollo cognitivo desarrollado por Sincoff y Sternberg (1989)
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Farias, Alyne Matos Napoleão. "Estimulação cognitiva em idosos sedentários com transtorno cognitivo leve". Universidade Católica de Brasília, 2018. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2459.

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In Brazil the number of elderly people is increasing and this transformation in the age structure is taking place without an improvement of the living conditions. With increased life expectancy there is a greater probability of chronic and degenerative diseases, such as Mild Cognitive Disorder (MCD). The use of cognitive stimuli through cognitive stimulation therapies (CST) causes them to regress and / or interfere with advancement. The objective was to analyze changes in cognitive profile, with emphasis on memory, before and after the execution of cognitive stimulation workshops, as well as to identify socioeconomic characteristics of sedentary elderly people who attend the Mixed Health Unit of Taguatinga, Federal District (UMS-DF). It was a descriptive experimental quantitative study, with elderly (≥60 years), diagnosed with MCD. The composite sample of 9 elderly of the OEC in the experimental group (G1) and 10 elderly did not undergo intervention in the control group (G2). The data collection was done by structured interview, application in the first and last meeting of the mini mental state examination, verbal fluency, clock, memory of figures and list of words. The CST offered to the G1, stimulation techniques were used, for one hour, weekly, in 10 meetings. In G2, daily life activities were reported for the same period, without cognitive stimulation. The descriptive data were evaluated by means of descriptive measures: means, standard deviations, median, absolute and relative frequency, with p <= 0,05. The chi-square test and t-test were applied using the SPSS 20.0 program and the R. software. Results showed mean age of 75 ± years, 84.2% female, 89.5% retired and 89.5% widowed. 17 elderly (89.5%) reported better memory a year ago. After CST, 8 (88.9%) elderly of the G1 considered their current memory as good. Although the G1 elderly had higher scores in all tests after the CST, the difference between the tests was not significant (p = 1.0). No significant differences were found in the Miniexame of the Mental State (p = 0.436). The test of the clock design evidenced the low level of schooling. G1 (p> 1) and G2 (p = 0.621), the tests were not statistically significant, affirming no or almost no change in the cognitive profile. In the tests of verbal fluency (p = 0.367), word memory and figures (p = 0.351), G2 showed no recovery in recall, despite reporting an increase in group sociability. It was concluded that although the CST do not have significant results, they have a visible effect on social integration, exchange of experiences and personal empowerment. This method can help nursing to design more effective methods and implementations for the treatment and rehabilitation of not only elderly people with MCD, but with different cognitive conditions. Perhaps longer-term studies can improve such outcomes and encompass the positive aspects of physical activity in the cognitive area.
No Brasil, é crescente o número de idosos e essa transformação na estrutura etária dá-se sem que haja um melhoramento das condições de vida. Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, há maior probabilidade de doenças crônicas e degenerativas, como o Transtorno Cognitivo Leve (TCL). A utilização de estímulos cognitivos, através de oficinas de estimulação cognitiva (OEC), causa seu retrocesso e/ou interfere no avanço. O objetivo foi analisar modificações no perfil cognitivo, com ênfase na memória, antes e após a execução das oficinas de estimulação cognitiva, assim como identificar características socioeconômicas de idosos sedentários que frequentam a Unidade Mista de Saúde de Taguatinga do Distrito Federal (UMST-DF). Foi um estudo quantitativo experimental descritivo, com idosos (≥60 anos), diagnosticados com TCL. A amostra composta de nove idosos das OEC no grupo experimental (G1) e dez idosos que não sofreram intervenção no grupo controle (G2). A coleta de dados foi feita por entrevista estruturada, aplicação no primeiro e último encontro do Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM), fluência verbal, relógio, memória de figuras e lista de palavras. As OEC oferecidas ao G1 utilizaram técnicas de estimulação, por uma hora, semanalmente, em dez encontros. No G2, foram feitos relatos das atividades da vida diária, pelo mesmo período, sem estimulação cognitiva. Os dados descritivos foram avaliados pelas medidas descritivas: médias, desvios padrões, mediana, frequência absoluta e relativa, com p<=0,05. Foram aplicados teste de qui-quadrado e teste t pelo programa SPSS 20.0 e software R. Resultados mostraram idade média de 75± anos, 84,2% feminino, 89,5% aposentados e 89,5% viúvos. 17 idosos (89,5%) relataram memória melhor há um ano. Após as OEC, oito (88,9%) idosos do G1 consideraram sua memória atual como boa. Apesar dos idosos do G1 terem pontuações maiores em todos os testes após as OEC, a diferença entre os testes não foram significativas (p= 1,0). No MEEM não surgiu diferença significativa (p=0,436). O teste do desenho do relógio evidenciou o baixo nível de escolaridade: G1 (p>1) e G2 (p= 0,621); os testes não foram significativos, afirmando nenhuma ou quase nenhuma mudança no perfil cognitivo. Nos testes de fluência verbal (p=0,367), de memória de palavras e o de figuras (p=,0,351), o G2 não mostrou recuperação na evocação da memória, apesar de relatar aumento na sociabilidade em grupo. Concluiu-se que, apesar das OEC não terem resultados estatisticamente significativos, possuem efeito visível na integração social, troca de experiências e empoderamento pessoal. Esse método pode auxiliar a enfermagem a traçar métodos e implementações mais eficazes para o tratamento e reabilitação, não só pessoas idosas com TCL, mas com diversas condições cognitivas. Talvez estudos com prazos maiores possam aprimorar tais resultados e abranger os aspectos positivos das atividades físicas na área cognitiva.
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Teixeira, Stefânia Martins. "Desempenho cognitivo e transtornos de humor em adultos jovens: contribuições das esclas Weschler de Inteligência". Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2013. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/355.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to correlate the cognitive impairment with a severity symptoms in young adults with mood disorder, as well, to analyze the difference between the groups with diagnostic and healthy controls population- based. Methods: Cross-sectional study with young adults of 21 to 30 years old who participated from a population-base sample. The impairment cognitive were assessed using Wechsler Scale of Intelligence (WAIS-III). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), while the manic symptoms were assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Results: The total sample consisted of 83 participants which were distributed in: 13 with bipolar disorder, 34 with depressive symptoms and 36 healthy controls. The cognitive performance was not associated with severity of mood symptoms. In this sample of young adults, it was also found cognitive impairment between subjects with bipolar disorder and major depression when compared the controls. Conclusion: The results suggest that the young adults with bipolar disorder or depression don t come up with cognitive impairment when measured at WAIS III
Objetivo: Correlacionar o desempenho cognitivo com a severidade de sintomas maníacos e depressivos em adultos jovens com transtornos de humor, bem como, verificar a diferença entre os grupos com diagnóstico e controles populacionais. Método: Estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo de base populacional com jovens de 21 a 30 anos. Para avaliação do desempenho cognitivo foi utilizado a Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para Adultos (WAIS-III). Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados através da Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), enquanto os sintomas maníacos por meio da Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Resultados: A amostra total contou com 83 participantes, os quais estavam distribuídos em: 13 com transtorno bipolar, 34 com sintomas depressivos e 36 controles saudáveis. O desempenho cognitivo não foi associado à severidade dos sintomas de humor. Nesta amostra de adultos jovens, também não foi encontrado prejuízo cognitivo entre os indivíduos com diagnóstico de transtorno bipolar e depressão quando comparados aos controles. Conclusão: Os achados sugerem que adultos jovens com transtorno bipolar ou depressão não apresentam comprometimento cognitivo quando mensurado pelo WAIS III
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Hogervorst, Eva. "Age-related cognitive decline and cognition enhancers". Maastricht : Maastricht : Neuropsych Publishers ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6058.

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Cattinelli, I. "INVESTIGATIONS ON COGNITIVE COMPUTATION AND COMPUTATIONAL COGNITION". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/155482.

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This Thesis describes our work at the boundary between Computer Science and Cognitive (Neuro)Science. In particular, (1) we have worked on methodological improvements to clustering-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging data, which is a technique that allows to collectively assess, in a quantitative way, activation peaks from several functional imaging studies, in order to extract the most robust results in the cognitive domain of interest. Hierarchical clustering is often used in this context, yet it is prone to the problem of non-uniqueness of the solution: a different permutation of the same input data might result in a different clustering result. In this Thesis, we propose a new version of hierarchical clustering that solves this problem. We also show the results of a meta-analysis, carried out using this algorithm, aimed at identifying specific cerebral circuits involved in single word reading. Moreover, (2) we describe preliminary work on a new connectionist model of single word reading, named the two-component model because it postulates a cascaded information flow from a more cognitive component that computes a distributed internal representation for the input word, to an articulatory component that translates this code into the corresponding sequence of phonemes. Output production is started when the internal code, which evolves in time, reaches a sufficient degree of clarity; this mechanism has been advanced as a possible explanation for behavioral effects consistently reported in the literature on reading, with a specific focus on the so called serial effects. This model is here discussed in its strength and weaknesses. Finally, (3) we have turned to consider how features that are typical of human cognition can inform the design of improved artificial agents; here, we have focused on modelling concepts inspired by emotion theory. A model of emotional interaction between artificial agents, based on probabilistic finite state automata, is presented: in this model, agents have personalities and attitudes that can change through the course of interaction (e.g. by reinforcement learning) to achieve autonomous adaptation to the interaction partner. Markov chain properties are then applied to derive reliable predictions of the outcome of an interaction. Taken together, these works show how the interplay between Cognitive Science and Computer Science can be fruitful, both for advancing our knowledge of the human brain and for designing more and more intelligent artificial systems.
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Dutra, Elaine Cristina Pereira. "Tradução e Cognição: Interfaces". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/3704.

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A presente pesquisa procura elencar os estudos da tradução relacionando-os aos campos da psicologia, antropologia, biologia, linguística cognitiva e literatura. Nosso objetivo é o de demonstrar a relação que existe entre a teoria do protótipo e a tradução. Ao início, explicitamos as correntes teóricas que versam sobre aquisição e aprendizagem de primeira e segunda línguas, bilinguismo, formação do tradutor, tipos de tradução, competências linguísticas relacionadas à tradução. O texto aborda e relaciona os processos psicológicos cognitivos ao ato de traduzir: introspecção, percepção, abstração, memória, pensamento, conceptualização. Apresentamos os papéis do efeito prototípico e da equivalência tradutiva, relacionando-os e conceituando-os, concluindo que há níveis de equivalência mais ou menos aceitáveis (efeito de gradiência/ prototípico) segundo o julgamento do tradutor e que há traços invariáveis (protótipos) que são percebidos e perpetuados por leitores e tradutores. Para corroborar a hipótese, analisamos textos traduzidos, buscando o efeito e a presença do protótipo e concluímos que este é o de maior ocorrência, o que reflete a rede de construções conceituais que norteia os processos de pensamento e de memória do tradutor.
This research attempts to relate translation studies to psychology, anthropology, biology, cognitive linguistics and literature. Our objective is to demonstrate the relationship between the theory of prototype and translation. To do so, we discuss the current theoretical focus on the acquisition and learning of the first and second languages, bilingualism, the training of the translator, types of translation, and the linguistic competence related to translation. We also present the psychological cognitive processes in the act of translate: introspection, perception, abstraction, memory, thought, conceptualizing. We present the role of the prototype effect and of equivalence in translation, relating them and evaluating them, concluding that there are levels of equivalence more or less acceptable (gradient effect / prototypical) according to the judgment of the translator and that there are invariable lines (prototypes) that are perceived and perpetuated by readers and translators. So as to corroborate with the hypothesis, we analyze translated texts, seeking the effect and the presence of the prototype and we conclude that the basic level is of the highest occurrence, and reflects the net of constructions that guide the translator’s thought and memory.
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Pinkston, Sophie Wardle. "Insomnia and Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505168/.

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Daytime cognitive performance and sleep/wake cycles are strongly interrelated, and cognitive dysfunction has been extensively investigated in relation to insomnia. However, methods and outcomes vary widely by study, making comparison difficult without more systematic evaluation. Review of the literature reveals discrepant findings for the relationship between both subjective and objective measures of cognitive performance and insomnia. The current meta-analysis included 42 studies investigating the relationship between insomnia and cognitive performance. Results confirmed the discrepant nature of previous findings and suggest that type of cognitive performance (e.g., simple attention, procedural memory, verbal functions) is important to consider when discussing the impact of insomnia. Mixed-effect meta-analysis of aggregate effect sizes suggest impairments in working memory, complex attention, and episodic memory are significantly associated with insomnia. Analysis of the grouped subjective cognitive performance effect size revealed no significant impact of insomnia. Average age and gender makeup of the sample, study quality, and type of insomnia measure (i.e., clinical or diagnostic criteria, validated scale, or single unvalidated item) did not consistently moderate findings. These results confirm the equivocal nature of the relationship between insomnia and cognitive performance. Overall, about 44% of the studies included in the analysis failed to use DSM or ICSD criteria when categorizing insomnia. Additionally, the cognitive measures used varied widely and certain measures may not be sensitive enough to detect the degree of cognitive deficit that may be present for individuals with insomnia. This indicates a need for the standardization of methods used when assessing both insomnia and cognitive performance to elucidate these relationships.
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Fox, Nathan Josephe. "Cognitive architecture and the function of human cognition". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25027.

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A number of models of cognitive architecture have been advanced with the intention of providing some sense of the psychological processes that subserve a range of behaviours. For instance, Sober & Wilson (1998), C. Daniel Batson (1988) and Robert Frank (1988 and 1990) attempt to account for contrasting (if not contradictory) behaviours respectively, hedonistic and altruistic behaviour, self-oriented behaviour and other-oriented behaviour marked by empathetic reactions, and behaviour that reflects rational self-interest in material incentives and behaviour that tends to produce long-term benefits in social interactions. However, the approaches that I have examined encounter difficulties. One difficulty in basing psychological models on empirical data is that the mental states that precede and accompany motivations may be ambiguous or obscure. Those states may be composite states consisting of components that are inextricably linked. For instance, it is not clear whether an altruistic act has some desire for pleasure lurking in the shadows. In Sober & Wilsons approach, cognitive structure is predicted largely on the basis of general factors in the natural selection of cognitive devices, e.g., their availability for selection, energetic efficiency, and reliability. However, the particular factors that play a role in the aetiology of traits depend upon the function that those traits evolved to perform. For instance, while the reliability of a physical system component may certainly be an important general factor in natural selection, it may be a detriment for a device that has as a particular biological function the production of phenotypic flexibility. To avoid the problems that I identified in these approaches, I derived a model of cognitive architecture that is intended to predict motivations and actions that are consistent with aspects of evolutionary theory about the function of cognition. The theory upon which I depended is advanced in Peter Godfrey-Smiths book Complexity and the Function of Mind if Nature. He proposes that there is a single overarching adaptive function for the mind: to subserve adaptive plasticity. Accordingly, my model suggests a general pattern in the sequencing of human mental states that would tend to maximize behavioural flexibility as a means of maximizing inclusive fitness.
Graduate
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Greenlee, Christopher Alan. "Situated Cognition, Dynamicism, and Explanation in Cognitive Science". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46501.

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The majority of cognitive scientists today view the mind as a computer, instantiating some function mapping the inputs it gets from the environment to the gross behaviors of the organism. As a result, the emphasis in most ongoing research programmes is on finding that function, or some part of that function. Moreover, the types of functions considered are limited somewhat by the preconception that the mind must be instantiating a function that can be expressed as a computer program. I argue that research done in the last two decades suggests that we should approach cognition with as much consideration to the environment as to the inner workings of the mind. Our cognition is often shaped by the constraints the environment places on us, not just by the "inputs" we receive from it. I argue also that there is a new approach to cognitive science, viewing the mind not as a computer but as a dynamical system, which captures the shift in perspective while eliminating the requirement that cognitive functions be expressable as computer programs. Unfortunately, some advocates of this dynamical perspective have argued that we should replace all of traditional psychology and neuroscience with their new approach. In response to these advocates, I argue that we cannot develop an adequate dynamical picture of the mind without engaging in precisely those sorts of research and hypothesizing that traditional neuroscience and psychology engage in. In short, I argue that we require certain types of explanations in order to get our dynamical (or computational) theories off the ground, and we cannot get those from other dynamical (or computational) theories.
Master of Arts
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Holder, Barbara E. "Cognition in flight : understanding cockpits as cognitive systems /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9945784.

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Libri sul tema "Cognitive"

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K, Reed Stephen, a cura di. Study guide for Reed's Cognition: Theory and applications, sixth edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2004.

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Cognitive psychology: An overview for cognitive scientists. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1992.

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Barsalou, Lawrence W. Cognitive psychology: An overview for cognitive scientists. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992.

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Cognitive psychology. 4a ed. Minneapolis: West Pub. Co., 1995.

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Best, John B. Cognitive psychology. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1986.

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Best, John B. Cognitive psychology. 2a ed. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1989.

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Cognitive psychology. 5a ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Wadsworth, 1999.

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Best, John B. Cognitive psychology. 3a ed. St. Paul, MN: West Pub. Co., 1992.

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9

N, Osherson Daniel, e Gleitman Lila R, a cura di. An invitation to cognitive science. 2a ed. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.

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R, Gleitman Lila, e NetLibrary Inc, a cura di. An invitation to cognitive science: Thinking. 2a ed. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cognitive"

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Mey, Jacob L. "Cognitive Technology - Technological Cognition". In Cognition, Communication and Interaction, 31–37. London: Springer London, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-927-9_2.

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Magnani, Lorenzo, Sabino Civita e Guido Previde Massara. "Visual Cognition and Cognitive Modeling". In Human and Machine Vision, 229–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1004-2_16.

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Battich, Lucas, e Ophelia Deroy. "Cognitive Penetration and Implicit Cognition". In The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Implicit Cognition, 144–52. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003014584-13.

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Dror, Itiel E., e Stevan Harnad. "Offloading cognition onto cognitive technology". In Cognition Distributed, 1–23. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.16.02dro.

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Fishbein, Harold D. "Cognitive Development and Social Cognition". In The Psychology of Infancy and Childhood, 207–66. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044574-5.

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Tataryn, D. J., L. Nadel e W. J. Jacobs. "Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive Science". In Comprehensive Handbook of Cognitive Therapy, 83–98. New York, NY: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9779-4_5.

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Anderson, Rita E. "Cognitive Explanations and Cognitive Ethology". In Integrating Scientific Disciplines, 323–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9435-1_19.

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Adams, Bridget, e Barbara Bromley. "Cognitive psychology and cognitive therapies". In Psychology for Health Care, 78–94. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26634-0_6.

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Willis, Sherry L., e Julie Blaskewicz Boron. "Cognitive aging and cognitive training." In APA handbook of clinical geropsychology, Vol. 1: History and status of the field and perspectives on aging., 195–216. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14458-009.

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Hwa-Froelich, Deborah A. "Social cognitive and cognitive development". In Social Communication Development and Disorders, 121–49. 2a ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003197096-6.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Cognitive"

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Souza, João Pedro Ferrari, Wagner Brum, Lucas Hauschild, Lucas Da Ros, Pâmela Lukasewicz Ferreira, Bruna Bellaver, Douglas Leffa et al. "ASSOCIATION OF VASCULAR RISK AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATHOLOGY WITH NEURODEGENERATION AND COGNITIVE DECLINE". In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda024.

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Background: It is not fully understood how vascular risk factors (VRFs) are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology to promote neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Objective: Investigate whether VRF burden synergistically interacts with AD pathology to accelerate neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. Methods: We assessed 503 CU participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Individuals were dichotomized as having an elevated VRF burden if ≥ 2 VRFs (V+) and as presenting biological AD if CSF p-tau181 ≥ 24 pg/mL and CSF Aβ1-42 ≤ 976.6 pg/mL [(AT)+]. Neurodegeneration was assessed with plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and cognition with the modified version of the Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite. Results: Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated that an elevated VRF burden interacted with AD pathology to promote higher rates of neurodegeneration (β=5.68, p=.005) and cognitive decline (β=- 0.43, p=.019). Survival analysis demonstrated that only (AT)+V+ individuals had a significantly greater risk of clinical progression to cognitive impairment (adjusted Hazard Ratio=3.5, p <.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that VRF burden and AD pathology synergistically lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, favoring the onset of cognitive impairment. These findings support that the clinical evaluation of VRF burden might improve the clinical assessment especially of subjects at higher risk for developing cognitive impairment.
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Calpin, Nicole, e Jessica Menold. "The Cognitive Costs of Design Tasks: The Evolution of Cognitive Load in Design and Its Relationship With Design Outcomes". In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89995.

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Abstract Problem solving can be a cognitively intensive undertaking; as design is characterized by ambiguity and unknowns, design problems in particular can be cognitively expensive. Few studies examine the evolution of cognitive load during the engineering design process and the linkages between sub-dimensions of cognitive load and design task outcomes. To address this issue, the goal of this work is to establish a relationship between cognitive load, design task, and design outcomes. Twenty participants were recruited to perform a design task where their mental workload was recorded at each stage of the design process. Their ideation and prototype outcomes were then evaluated to determine if there is a relationship between cognitive load, design task, and design outcomes. Results suggest that there is a significant difference in cognitive load experienced by the designer during each stage of the design process and while cognitive load is correlated with idea generation design outcomes, it may not be tied to prototyping design outcomes.
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Ciftcioglu, Ozer, e Michael S. Bittermann. "Generic cognitive computing for cognition". In 2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256942.

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Pisetta, Paola, Isabel Almeida, Bárbara Beber, Maira Oliveira, Marcela Silagi, Sonia Brucki e Maria Isabel Freitas. "COGNITIVE SCREENING THROUGH TELEMEDICINE – A PILOT STUDY". In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda083.

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Background: International research aimed at the feasibility of cognitive assessment through telemedicine has shown heterogeneous results. Further studies are needed to guarantee it’s feasibility, especially in developing countries like Brazil. Objective: Verify the feasibility of using telemedicine to perform a brief cognitive screening by comparing the performance of healthy adults in face-to-face and online assessments. Methods: The sample consisted of 15 cognitively healthy subjects, aged between 57-70 years (M=63.2; SD=4.6) and education between 8-22 years (M=14.7; SD=4.3). The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination–Revised (ACE-R) was used, it allows evaluation of five cognitive domains: attention and orientation, memory, fluency, language and visuospatial. Subjects were randomly evaluated in person and online, with an interval of 1-6 months. Results: No significant differences were found in ACER-R subtests and final scores obtained in face-to-face versus online assessment: attention and orientation (p=0.741), memory (p=0.913), fluency (p=0.913), language (p=0.855), visuospatial (p=1.000), final score (p=0,596). Conclusion: Cognitive screening through telemedicine has proven to be feasible for cognitively healthy subjects in the present study. Further studies are needed to assess its feasibility in cognitive impaired subjects.
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Farhat, Nabil H., e Haroon Babri. "Cognitive neural networks: collective computing with diverse attractors". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mii1.

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Nearly all neural networks for pattern recognition being dealt with today are associative classifier or identifier networks that are not cognitive. To be cognitive a net must be able to distinguish, on its own, between familiar and unfamiliar or novel sensory signals present at its input, and this can not be done by associative classifiers. It will be argued and shown that, to be truly cognitive, a network must be nonlinear and dynamic and able to manifest bifurcation. This means it should be able to carry out phase space computations with more than one type of attractor and to switch between these depending on whether the sensory input is familiar or novel. Cognition implies, therefore, bifurcation and computing with diverse attractors. Our reasons for adopting this view, which stemmed from known biophysical observations and from our neuromorphic target identification work, are discussed. An example of a cognitive network that computes with both stationary (limit point) and dynamic (periodic) attractors is given to illustrate our thesis. The elements of a neuromorphic radar target identification system which employs these concepts and is capable of distortion invariant recognition of three targets with perfect score is presented. The work presented elucidates the role of periodic attractors in feature binding and cognition and the significance of cognition in autonomous systems.
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Merlin, Silvia, Maira Oliveira, Luciana Cassimiro, Isabella Avolio, Eduardo Tres, Ricardo Nitrini e Sonia Brucki. "FOLLOW UP OF THE PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND COGNITIVE EVOLUTION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP". In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda068.

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Background: Some psychological and personality characteristics of individuals, seem to determine behavioral patterns that are associated with better health throughout life and, consequently, prevent the progression of early cognitive changes to dementia. Objective: Identify factors that interfere in the evolution of cognitive disorders. Methods: Volunteers were evaluated clinically and for personality characteristics and neuropsychological testing. Follow-up occurred over two years from the initial assessment, and participants’ cognitive categories were re-analyzed every six months to observe variation in the same. Results: Of the 102 subjects, 65 remained at follow-up. The sample was composed predominantly of women (65%), white (74%), with a mean age of 78 (±7.5) years and 12 (±4.8) years of education. Throughout the process, 23% of cognitively normal 15% of subjective cognitive decline, and 27% of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment individuals worsened cognitively. In the same period, 15% of the non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment and 31% of the amnestic mild cognitive impairment improved in cognitive ratings. Observed that older ages present greater cognitive worsening, and that very low indices of the personality trait Openness present associations with cognitive worsening. Conclusion: The factors most associated with cognitive change in this group of elderly people were age and aspects of openness of personality that are associated with cognitive reserve.
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Hallihan, Gregory M., Hyunmin Cheong e L. H. Shu. "Confirmation and Cognitive Bias in Design Cognition". In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71258.

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The desire to better understand design cognition has led to the application of literature from psychology to design research, e.g., in learning, analogical reasoning, and problem solving. Psychological research on cognitive heuristics and biases offers another relevant body of knowledge for application. Cognitive biases are inherent biases in human information processing, which can lead to suboptimal reasoning. Cognitive heuristics are unconscious rules utilized to enhance the efficiency of information processing and are possible antecedents of cognitive biases. This paper presents two studies that examined the role of confirmation bias, which is a tendency to seek and interpret evidence in order to confirm existing beliefs. The results of the first study, a protocol analysis involving novice designers engaged in a biomimetic design task, indicate that confirmation bias is present during concept generation and offer additional insights into the influence of confirmation bias in design. The results of the second study, a controlled experiment requiring participants to complete a concept evaluation task, suggest that decision matrices are effective tools to reduce confirmation bias during concept evaluation.
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Crowder, James. "The Rasmussen Cognition Model for Cognitive Radar". In 2022 IEEE 22nd Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wamicon53991.2022.9786206.

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Oliveira, Maira Okada De, Maria Carthery Goulart, Karolina César Freitas, Ricardo Nitrini e Sonia Brucki. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAZILIAN MINI-ADDENBROOKE’S COGNITIVE EXAMINATION (MINI-ACE BR)". In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda013.

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Background: Age is the most important risk factor for development of dementia and the recommendation is that the elderly be cognitively tested in order to detect impairment in the initial phase for adequate treatment. The demand for the care of these elderly people is great, drawing attention to the need for rapid tests, with good accuracy and simple application to identify cognitive impairment. Objective: To develop the M-ACE Brazilian version using data from ACE-R deriving sub-items that could better predict the diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Methods: The M-ACE BR was developed using Mokken scaling analysis in 352 participants (cognitively normal = 232, cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) = 82 and dementia = 38) and validated in an independent sample of 117 participants (cognitively normal = 25, CIND = 88 and dementia = 4). Results: The M-ACE BR has nine items (spatial orientation, anterograde memory, retrograde memory, delayed recall, recognition, verbal fluency letter “P”, repetition of four words, naming 10 items and comprehension) with a max. score of 51 points and average duration time of seven minutes. The cutoff score ≤43/51 for CIND had a sensitivity of 59.09% and a specificity of 80%. For a screening test in which sensitivity is prioritized for further investigation, we suggest using a cutoff of ≤47 (sensitivity 85.23% and specificity 24%), maintaining a good positive predictive value (79.8%) Conclusion: The M-ACE BR is a brief and adequate instrument for detecting cognitive impairment in elderly Brazilians.
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Mitola, Joseph. "The cognitive in cognitive radio". In the 1st ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2508478.2508488.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Cognitive"

1

Liu, Mingyan. Cognitive Tactical Radios: Cognition Through Learning and Strategy (CLearStrategy). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, dicembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada586790.

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2

Levchuk, Georgiy, Darby Grande, Webb Stacy e Nathan Schurr. Cognitive Particles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, giugno 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada501058.

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3

Goodman, Nathan A. Cognitive Radar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febbraio 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518604.

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4

Enke, Benjamin, e Thomas Graeber. Cognitive Uncertainty. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26518.

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5

Kimball, Miles. Cognitive Economics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, gennaio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20834.

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Neidell, Matthew, e Jane Waldfogel. Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Peer Effects in Early Education. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, agosto 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14277.

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7

Kaestner, Robert. Adolescent Cognitive and Non-cognitive Correlates of Adult Health. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, aprile 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14924.

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8

Hale, Christopher R., e Vincent Schmidt. Cognitive Design Patterns. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, giugno 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada514714.

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9

Martone, Anthony, David McNamara, Gregory Mazzaro e Abigail Hedden. Cognitive Nonlinear Radar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, gennaio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada570993.

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10

Schick, Andreas, e Richard Steckel. Height as a Proxy for Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Ability. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, dicembre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16570.

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