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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cognition in animals"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cognition in animals"

Nicol, C. J. "Farm animal cognition". Animal Science 62, n. 3 (giugno 1996): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014934.

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AbstractAlthough there may be task-specific differences in performance between wild and domestic animals, there is no evidence for any generally reduced cognitive capacity in domestic animals. It is not possible to compare intelligence between species or breeds without recognizing the contribution of differences in attention and motivation, and domestic animals often perform better on learning tasks than wild animals because they are less fearful. Considerable flexibility and complexity in behaviour can arise from context-specific decisions that may not require learning. Examples include alarm calling and maternal behaviour in chickens. However, the majority of intelligent behaviour shown by farm animals is dominated by learned associations, sometimes in response to remarkably subtle cues. Seemingly straightforward learning abilities may result in surprising emergent properties. An understanding of these properties may enable us to investigate how farm animals interact socially, and whether they form concepts. Other abilities, such as imitation and the re-organization of spatial information, do not appear to depend on associative learning. The study offarm animal cognition tells us little about the issue of animal consciousness but, none the less, plays an important role in the animal welfare debate. The types of cognitive abilities animals have provide clues as to the types of situations in which (given the benefit of the doubt) they might suffer.

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Croney, C. C., B. Gardner e S. Baggot. "Beyond Animal Husbandry". Essays in Philosophy 5, n. 2 (2004): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip20045213.

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Concerns about the welfare of agricultural animals in corporate or “factory farming” systems are growing. Increasingly, it is suggested that modem farm animal production practices are morally objectionable, causing physical and mental suffering to animals. Such criticisms are premised on beliefs about the mental capacities of farm animals that are not wholly supported by scientific evidence, for little is known about farm animal cognition. Some animal scientists, realizing that concerns about the treatment of agricultural animals cannot be addressed in absence of knowledge about farm animal mentality, have begun cognitive studies of farm animals. Subsequently, several ethical problems have emerged. In this paper it is argued that while farm animal cognition studies are needed, scientists must consider the moral problems and implications of the research, and must devise empirically testable hypotheses about those aspects of cognitive behavior that are relevant to discussions about moral treatment of farm animals.

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Pennisi, E. "ANIMAL COGNITION: Social Animals Prove Their Smarts". Science 312, n. 5781 (23 giugno 2006): 1734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.312.5781.1734.

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Boissy, A., C. Arnould, E. Chaillou, L. Désiré, C. Duvaux-Ponter, L. Greiveldinger, C. Leterrier et al. "Emotions and cognition: a new approach to animal welfare". Animal Welfare 16, S1 (maggio 2007): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600031717.

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AbstractThe concept of quality of life in animals is closely associated with the concepts of animal sentience and animal welfare. It reflects a positive approach that inquires what animals like or prefer doing. The assessment of farm animal welfare requires a good understanding of the animals' affective experience, including their emotions. However, affective experience in animals is difficult to measure because of the absence of verbal communication. Recent studies in the field of cognitive psychology have shown that affective experience can be investigated without using verbal communication by examination of the interactions between emotions and cognition. On the one hand, appraisal theories provide a conceptual framework which suggests that emotions in humans are triggered by a cognitive process whereby the situation is evaluated on a limited number of elementary criteria such as familiarity and predictability. We have applied these appraisal theories to develop an experimental approach for studying the elementary criteria used by farm animals to evaluate their environment and the combinations of those criteria that trigger emotions. On the other hand, an increasing body of research, first in humans and then in other animals, suggests that emotions also influence cognitive processes by modifying attention, memory and judgement in a short- or long-term manner. Cognitive processes could therefore be manipulated and measured to provide new insights into how not only emotions but also more persistent affective states can be assessed in animals. Further work based on these cognitive approaches will offer new paradigms for improving our understanding of animal welfare, thus contributing to ‘a life of high quality’ in animals.

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Vonk, Jennifer, e Esther M. C. Bouma. "Attachment as the Catalyst for the Attribution of Complex Cognition and Emotion to Companion Cats". Animals 14, n. 14 (21 luglio 2024): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14142123.

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Companion cat caregivers ascribe complex emotions and cognitions to their cats, and these attributions are greater with a stronger attachment to their animals. We compared attributions of emotional and cognitive complexity to cats in cat caregivers and non-caregivers. We measured attitudes toward animals, belief in animal minds, caregivers’ strength of attachment, and attachment style with a particular companion cat in 448 university students, of whom 251 had owned a cat. We asked the extent to which respondents thought that cats were capable of expressing primary and secondary emotions and cognitive capabilities. Caregivers significantly differed from non-caregivers only in the attribution of primary emotions. Belief in animal minds predicted the attribution of secondary emotions and cognition. For caregivers only, avoidant attachment style was negatively associated with the attribution of primary emotions, whereas attachment strength was positively associated with the attribution of secondary emotions and cognition. These abilities may have greater discriminatory power as most respondents ascribe primary emotions to cats, perhaps for anthropomorphic reasons. Housing conditions (indoor and outdoor) were not associated with attributions, suggesting that bonds are more important than time spent together within the home in predicting the attribution of emotional and cognitive complexity in cats.

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Raby, C. R., e N. S. Clayton. "Prospective cognition in animals". Behavioural Processes 80, n. 3 (marzo 2009): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2008.12.005.

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Kirkwood, J. K., e R. Hubrecht. "Animal Consciousness, Cognition and Welfare". Animal Welfare 10, S1 (febbraio 2001): S5—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600023472.

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AbstractThe level of priority and resource given to the care of organisms is influenced by beliefs and understanding about their capacities for conscious awareness. Variation in attitudes to animal welfare around the world today is partly a reflection of this. Improved understanding of the range of phenomena of which animals may be conscious is likely to lead to greater global consensus about the importance of high standards of animal welfare. This is a matter of current relevance. In the global free market there is a danger that efforts in one country to raise standards for farm or laboratory animals will be compromised by competition from others which employ cheaper, less welfare-friendly systems. Scientific developments which inform us about animals’ capacities for pleasant and unpleasant feelings will play an important role in the development of global agreement about animal welfare standards. Deciding which animals might have the capacity for consciousness, and thus for suffering, and of what they might be conscious, are fundamental issues which set boundaries to the ranges of species to be given basic or special forms of welfare protection. In practice, such lines have to be drawn and it is crucial that they are drawn in the right place. This is a difficult but essential task and society looks to scientists for guidance on the matter. There have been many developments in recent years in scientific approaches to the study of consciousness in animals which are pertinent to this debate.

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Smith, J. David, e David A. Washburn. "Uncertainty Monitoring and Metacognition by Animals". Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, n. 1 (febbraio 2005): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00327.x.

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Humans have the capacity to feel consciously uncertain and to know when they do not know. These feelings and responses ground the research literature on uncertainty monitoring and metacognition (i.e., cognition about cognition). It is a natural and important question whether nonhuman animals share this sophisticated cognitive capacity. We summarize current research that confirms animals' capacity for uncertainty monitoring. This research includes perception and memory paradigms and monkey, dolphin, and human participants. It contains some of the strongest existing performance similarities between humans and other animals. There is a strong isomorphism between the uncertainty-monitoring capacities of humans and animals. Indeed, the results show that animals have functional features of or parallels to human metacognition and human conscious cognition.

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Wasserman, Edward A. "Comparative Cognition: Toward a General Understanding of Cognition in Behavior". Psychological Science 4, n. 3 (maggio 1993): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00480.x.

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Human and nonhuman animals alike must adjust to complex and ever-changing circumstances if they are to survive and reproduce. Advanced neural mechanisms enable animals to remember the past, to act in the present, and to plan for the future. Exploring the species generality of cognitive processes in behavior is central to the field of comparative cognition. A comparative perspective may not only broaden but also deepen our understanding of cognition—both in human and in nonhuman animals.

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Scotto, Carolina. "The Anthropocentric Bias in Animal Cognition". ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología 13, n. 1 (7 maggio 2024): 85–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/art2024.31800.

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In the classical philosophical tradition, animals had the special function of serving as “objects of comparison” concerning humans. In that sense, philosophy adopted a peculiar comparative perspective focused on the categoric difference that separates humans from other creatures: an exceptionalist perspective. The Humanities developed an anthropocentric canon for the study of animals and privileged the search for differences over similarities of these with humans. On the other hand, the great boost that animal studies received under the influence of Darwin's work promoted a different comparative perspective in the natural sciences. However, especially in comparative psychology, ingent efforts were devoted to avoid the errors that anthropomorphism would entail: attributing human properties to other creatures and privileging similarities over differences. It assumed that anthropomorphic bias entails a more fundamental type of error than anthropocentric bias. Now, this asymmetric diagnosis has beenunmasked with different arguments. In the context of both disciplinary traditions, it is timely to reexamine the most persistent and negative manifestations of anthropocentric bias as a comparative bias for the study of animal cognition. In this work I will identify the following: the homogenization of animals into a single general category; psychological speciesism and the “de-mentalization” of animals; the survival of a hierarchical conception of cognitive abilities; the selective application - only to animals - of Morgan's Canon or anthropodenial and its complement, the assumption of idealized mental capacities in the human case or anthropofabulation; asymmetrical or distorsive methodological strategies for the study of animals versus humans which affects the comparative interpretations; and different manifestations of semantic anthropocentrism.

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Tesi sul tema "Cognition in animals"

Gatto, Elia. "New paradigms to study numerical cognition in animals". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426370.

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The mathematical abilities of animals have long fascinated scientists and the general public alike. However, it is only in the last two decades that researchers have systematically investigated this issue. Numerical abilities are widespread among mammals, birds and fish but little is known about their occurrence in other taxa. They play important functions in several ecological contexts, such as foraging, mate choice, and social interaction. The actual mechanisms underlying number sense in animals and the upper limits of these abilities are still a matter of debate. Conflicting results often emerge when comparing evidence from different species and studies of the same species. It is unclear to what extent this is due to differences in the complexity of the nervous system, to ecology, to phylogeny, or to other factors. Some have argued that intra- and inter-species differences may be due to differences in the used methodology. This is frequent in human literature, but the issue has received little attention in animals. To unravel these issues, we need to expand the number of studied species by including species that belong to a less studied taxa. In addition, there is a need for studies that directly compare different methodologies within the same laboratory. In this thesis, I focus on the two latter issues. In two studies, I investigated the effect of the used methodology on the assessment of numerical abilities in a small teleost fish, Poecilia reticulata. In the first study, I adopted an operant conditioning procedure to train fish to solve a numerical discrimination task using computer-generated stimuli. With this procedure, fish showed very low numerical discrimination performance, considerably lower than that reported in previous studies carried out in the same laboratory, in which fish had to solve a similar numerical task in a more naturalistic setting. In a series of subsequent experiments, I attempted to identify the key factors that determine the different outcome of the two methods. Results only partly answer the question and it is possible that there are non-cognitive factors (i.e. side bias due to cerebral lateralization) that explain the observed difference. Previous studies on guppies showed greater numerical acuity when tested with operant conditioning procedures than when tested with spontaneous preference methods, such as testing the preference for the larger of two social groups (shoal choice test). This difference could be due either to the different accuracy of the two methodologies or to within-species variation in acuity related to the examined context (foraging vs social). In the second study, I set up a modified version of the shoal choice test in order to eliminate some of the limitations of the method that are thought to determine a large imprecision in the measurement. With this new method, guppies were able to discriminate 4 vs. 5 companions, the same limit of numerical discrimination determined with operant conditioning procedures. The last two studies focused on studying numerical cognition in two new species, an amphibian (Hyla intermedia) and an arthropod (Acheta domesticus) in a new context, shelter choice. Both species showed a preference for the larger cluster of shelters and, in a series of subsequent experiments, I tried to determine the mechanism involved in such discrimination. H. intermedia appears to possess a genuine numerical system, being able to select the most numerous set even after I experimentally controlled the perceptual continuous variables, such as cumulative surface area and convex hull, that covary with number. Results suggest that A. domesticus have a less sophisticated system.
Studi empirici e teorici suggeriscono l'esistenza di un sistema per l’elaborazione di informazioni di quantità continue e discrete che si attiva in tutti i contesti che richiedono necessaria questa capacità (e.g., ricerca del cibo, scelta di un compagno). Poiché le caratteristiche di questo sistema sembrano simili tra le specie, alcuni autori hanno suggerito un’origine comune per questo sistema. Tuttavia, risultati contrastanti emergono quando confrontiamo le capacità numeriche tra diverse specie e persino nella stessa specie. In secondo luogo, la maggior parte degli studi si è concentrata su mammiferi, uccelli e pesci. Questo lavoro cerca di rispondere in parte a questi problemi. Nei primi due studi è stato investigato l’effetto della procedura utilizzata per valutare le capacità cognitive in una specie. Sono state indagate le abilità numeriche in guppy (Poecilia reticulata),ovvero un piccolo pesce d’acqua dolce, in un primo test basato su un comportamento spontaneo e un secondo test basato su un addestramento, utilizzando procedure modificate rispetto a lavori precedenti. Il primo esperimento è uno shoal choice test. In questa tipologia di esperimenti si sfrutta la naturale tendenza delle specie sociali, come guppy, ad unirsi in gruppi in situazioni di forte stress. Sono stati modificati alcuni aspetti delle vecchie procedure, confinando i soggetti all’interno di un cilindro trasparente al centro della vasca ed equidistante dagli stimoli. Sono stati studiati un confronto numerico di cui sappiamo che guppy è in grado di risolvere (3 vs. 4 pesci) e due confronti nei quali guppy fallivano secondo studi precedenti (4 vs. 6 e 4 vs. 5 pesci). I risultati hanno mostrato che, utilizzando una nuova procedura, guppy riesce a discriminare anche i confronti numerici più difficili che con le vecchie procedure non era stato possibile. Il secondo esperimento si basa su una classica procedura di addestramento. È stata sviluppata una nuova metodologia analoga a quelle già utilizzate per studiare le abilità numeriche in altri vertebrati: gli stimoli erano gruppi di pedine presentati da un monitor ed i soggetti erano addestrati a scegliere lo stimolo con maggior numerosità. Nonostante il problema cognitivo fosse lo stesso indagato in lavori precedenti, i soggetti hanno ottenuto risultati molto inferiori. Questi lavori ci suggeriscono che le procedure utilizzate possono fortemente influenzare le abilità numeriche di P. reticulata. Studi futuri sulle abilità numeriche e altre abilità cognitive dovrebbero focalizzarsi maggiormente sulle metodologie da adottare per poter confrontare i risultati tra le specie. Nei successivi due lavori, è stata indagata la capacità di discriminazione di quantità in specie finora poco studiate. Nello specifico, è stato condotto un primo lavoro su anfibi anuri (Hyla intermedia), ed un secondo su artropodi (Acheta Domesticus). I soggetti sono posti all’interno di un’ arena circolare di materiale plastico bianco uniformemente illuminata da una lampada posta in cima. Gli stimoli sono figure geometriche stampate su fogli A4 con lo scopo di simulare steli d’erba o rifugi in cui i soggetti possono ripararsi in una situazione pericolosa. Ogni soggetto è testato singolarmente in un unico test, in cui sono presentante coppie di stimoli contenenti un diverso numero di oggetti (quantità discrete) o stimoli di dimensioni diverse (quantità continue). Nel primo lavoro, le raganelle mostrano una preferenza spontanea per il gruppo contente il maggior numero di stimoli (quantità discrete) nei confronti 1 v s4 e 2 vs 4. Controllando la superficie cumulativa totale o lo spazio occupato nel confronto 2 vs 4, le raganelle mantengono la preferenza per lo stimolo più numeroso, suggerendo l’utilizzo di informazioni numeriche. Inoltre, le raganelle discriminano tra singoli stimoli con differente area (quantità continue), mostrando una preferenza per lo stimolo maggiore quando il rapporto tra le aree è 0.25. Successivi controlli hanno evidenziato come le raganelle utilizzano l’altezza e non la larghezza come caratteristica saliente nella discriminazione di quantità continue. Nel secondo lavoro, i grilli mostrano una preferenza per il gruppo contente il maggior numero di stimoli nei confronti 1 vs 4, 2 vs 4, e 2 vs 3. Pareggiando l’area totale degli stimoli nel confronto 2 vs 3, i grilli non mostrano una preferenza per lo stimolo maggiore. Nella discriminazione di quantità continue, i grilli preferiscono gli stimoli maggiori quando il rapporto delle aree è pari a 0.25; ed utilizzano la larghezza e non l’altezza come caratteristica principale degli stimoli. In conclusione, i lavori presentati in questa tesi mostrano come la metodologia utilizzata per indagare le capacità di cognizione numerica negli animali può influenzare i risultati trovati. Questo problema spiegherebbe parte della differenza riscontrata in letteratura tra le diverse specie e all’interno della stessa specie quando si utilizzano paradigmi differenti per valutarne le capacità di cognizione numerica. In secondo luogo, i due studi su anfibi ed invertebrati mostrano come i sistemi alla base della capacità di discriminazione di quantità siano presenti tra le diverse specie. Le differenze tra specie possono essere spiegate, in parte, dalla metodologia utilizzata per valutarle, oppure dalla differenza del sistema percettivo in queste specie. Sono necessari futuri studi su specie poco studiate e nuovi contesti per poter comprendere l’origine e l’evoluzione della cognizione numerica.

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Keller, Matthew R. "Effects of time constraints on social spatial memory". Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1707435841&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Shaw, Rachael Caroline. "The social cognition of Eurasian Jays : gaining insight into cognitive evolution in Corvids". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607951.

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Welsh, Matthew Brian. "Of mice and men : the structure and bases of murine cognitive abilities". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw463.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 263-278. This research investigated the existence of individual differences in cognitive abilities in mice. Arguments have been put forward regarding the likely bases of such differences.

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Cartmill, Erica A. "Gestural communication in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii) : a cognitive approach /". St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/634.

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Mallavarapu, Suma. "Object permanence in orangutans, gorillas, and black-and-white ruffed lemurs". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29651.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Maple, Terry; Committee Member: Blanchard-Fields, Fredda; Committee Member: Hampton, Robert; Committee Member: Marr, Marcus; Committee Member: Stoinski, Tara. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Pålsson, Erik. "Cognitive function studied in animal models of schizophrenia /". Göteborg : Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/775.

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Smith, Alicia Brooke. "Essences and Transformations in Objects, Animals, and Humans". TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/213.

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Research as to how humans group natural kinds, such as animals, is essential to understanding categorization processes. However, it lacks conventional application and generalization to everyday life. Humans are social beings that encounter a wide array of individuals on a daily basis. In these situations, we are required to consider various properties that make up these people. As Keller (2005) suggests, the way we categorize is shaped by our theories about the world. Therefore, when we determine the rationale behind people’s social categorization processes, we are better able to understand people’s perceptions of their social environment. Moreover, when we conduct scientific research on how people categorize race, we gain substantial information about their perceptions and understanding of race. Thus, the goal of the present study was to determine how and to what extent people categorize race and if they use the principles of psychological essentialism to do so. In order to determine if people tend to essentialize race in a similar manner as other natural kinds, the third study of the Hampton, Estes, Simmons (2007) research was replicated. In Study 1 and Study 2, undergraduate participants were obtained from Western Kentucky University’s psychology study board. In Study 1, participants were presented with transformation stories in which an animal or person came to look and act like another animal or person as a result of either mutation or maturation. Approximately one-half of the participants received scenarios that included information about the exemplar’s offspring. Approximately one-half received scenarios that excluded this information. Additional transformation stories that described changes to artifacts and the body (i.e. weight and hair length) were added as filler items. Participants rated the artifact/animal/person’s typicality, category membership, and their level of confidence in their ratings. In addition, they provided justifications for their responses. In Study 2, transformations were described as being the result of unintended or intended changes. In Study 2, one-half of the scenarios included a statement that the animal or human’s offspring resembled the initial state, I. One-half of the scenarios included a statement that the animal or human’s offspring resembled the final state, F. Participants rated the artifact/animal/person’s typicality and category membership. They were also asked to provide justifications for their responses. This study provides further support for the belief of race as a natural kind given that subjects were more likely to essentialize race than animals. The study also suggests that people view race differently than other factors related to appearance (i.e. hair length and weight). In both studies, the majority of subjects were willing to state that a person changed if their hair or weight changed; however, they were unwilling to indicate a person could change their race. Furthermore, the justification data obtained in the study was one of the first studies to differentiate the reasoning used by those who did and did not essentialize animals and race.

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Ruiz, April M. "Social information gathering in lemurs /". St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/908.

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Ruiz, April M. "Social information gathering in lemurs". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/908.

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By investigating the cognitive capacities of non-human primates, we can begin to understand the cognitive capacities of the evolutionary ancestors we share with these species. While there is a great deal of research exploring the socio-cognitive abilities of simian primates, prosimians have not been sufficiently studied. Without data from these species, our knowledge about the evolution of the primate mind is limited to the common ancestor shared between simian primates only, precluding understanding of the phylogenetic origins of certain phenomena. I explored the socio-cognitive capacities of lemurs, a type of prosimian primate. I studied several areas of social cognition related to social referencing, defined as the ability to use and seek out social information when appraising objects or events. As social referencing is a popular subject in both human developmental and non-human primate literature, I aimed to determine how prosimians’ capacities compare. My research was conducted with captive lemurs of three species: Eulemur fulvus fulvus, Eulemur macaco macaco, and Eulemur fulvus rufus. I found that lemurs use social cues regarding food palatability to modify their own feeding behaviour and that they visually attend to conspecifics differently when presented with novel, as compared to familiar, foods. Lemurs also visually referred to a human experimenter’s face when presented with an anomalous interaction and went on to engage in gaze alternation. Lemurs failed to use information about the experimenter’s attentional state, however, when modifying their use of a trained gesture. Finally, I found that lemurs are able to visually co-orient with conspecifics, correctly prioritising information from the head over that from the body, and that they go on to use conspecific gaze to locate hidden resources. These results show that lemurs are more cognitively advanced than previously thought and the origins of some social referencing skills may be phylogenetically older than previously hypothesised.

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Libri sul tema "Cognition in animals"

Flaherty, Charles F. Animal learning and cognition. New York: Knopf, 1985.

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1935-, Mackintosh N. J., a cura di. Animal learning and cognition. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

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Ernst, Strüngmann Forum (. 8th 2010 Frankfurt am Main Germany). Animal thinking: Contemporary issues in comparative cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011.

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Marc, Bekoff, Allen Colin e Burghardt Gordon M. 1941-, a cura di. The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2002.

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Thinus-Blanc, Catherine. Animal spatial cognition: Behavioural and brain approach. Singapore: World Scientific publishing Co., 1996.

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Vauclair, Jacques, e Michel Kreutzer. L'éthologie cognitive. Paris: Ophrys, 2004.

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Nestor, Schmajuk, Holland Peter C. 1951- e American Psychological Association, a cura di. Occasion setting: Associative learning and cognition in animals. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1998.

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Sindoni, Annalisa. Menti asociali: Le forme etologiche dell'evoluzione cognitiva. Firenze: Le lettere, 2009.

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Luis, Aguado Aguilar, a cura di. Cognición comparada: Estudios experimentales sobre la mente animal. Madrid: Alianza, 1990.

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Bisconti, Michelangelo. Le culture degli altri animali: È homo l'unico sapiens? Bologna: Zanichelli, 2008.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cognition in animals"

Chijiiwa, Hitomi. "Social Evaluation in Non-human Animals". In Comparative Cognition, 221–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2028-7_13.

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Mitchell, Robert W., e Mark A. Krause. "Animal Consciousness and Cognition". In Animals and Religion, 37–47. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003324157-5.

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Takimoto-Inose, Ayaka. "Evolutionary Perspective on Prosocial Behaviors in Nonhuman Animals". In Comparative Cognition, 197–220. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2028-7_12.

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Ghosh, Kerenza. "Chapter 4. Exploring animality and childhood in stop-motion animation Prokofiev’s Peter & the Wolf". In Children’s Literature, Culture, and Cognition, 52–70. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clcc.16.04gho.

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This chapter presents animality as a way to illuminate interconnected relations between children and animals in film through an analysis of stop-motion animation Prokofiev’s Peter & the Wolf (Templeton 2006), adapted from a symphonic fairy tale by Sergei Prokofiev (1936). It argues for animality as a core concept in preserving animal essence and credibility while exploring how animal characters integrate the human and nonhuman. Interdependence between animals and children is considered through notions of “significant otherness” (Haraway 2003) and “childhoodnature” (Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, Malone, and Barratt Hacking 2020). The chapter also examines how the film’s material qualities accentuate its production of animality.

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Massen, Jorg J. M. "Friendships in Animals". In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1899-1.

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de Vere, Amber J. "Personality in Animals". In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_984-1.

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Massen, Jorg J. M. "Friendships in Animals". In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 2818–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1899.

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de Vere, Amber J. "Personality in Animals". In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 5176–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_984.

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Wordsworth, Anne M. "Animal Cognition and Animal Intelligence". In Law, Animals and Toxicity Testing, 1–17. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032646350-1.

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Matthen, Mohan. "Plants Sense. But Only Animals Perceive". In Philosophy of Plant Cognition, 101–26. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003393375-8.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Cognition in animals"

Tobaben, Eric J., Larry D. Martin e Kenneth J. Fischer. "Determining the Natural Head Posture for Extant Animal Species Using Line-of-Sight From the Eyesocket and Optical Foramen". In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80828.

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Understanding natural head posture in animals is improtant in interpreting their biomechanics and behavior. For extinct animals, natural posture cannot be directly determined from the fossil record. There have been few prior studies of animal line of sight and head posture. Most line of sight studies have focused on the breadth of binocular vision versus panoramic vision in relation to behavior (predator type or grazer, for instance) or the animals typical environment (open or cluttered) [1]. For head posture some have studied changes in cognition or the environment or related aspects like the eyeball orientation as head posture changes [2]. Still others have focused on the areas of the brain that control 3D head position [3]. However, none of these studies address a method to determine the natural head posture or angle. While there currently is no definitive way to determine natural head angle in extinct animals, it seems reasonable to assume that the natural head posture would place the line of sight in the horizontal plane for most species. Therefore, we hypothesized that the opening for the optical (the optical foremen) and the eye socket structure itself can be used to accurately determine the natural head posture for a large portion of extant and extinct animal species. Specifically, if the skull is oriented such that the plane of sight (the plane common to both lines of sight) is horizontal, then the skull will be in the natural posture. If this hypothesis is shown to be valid, it will provide naturalists a reliable tool to determine the natural head posture (head angle) of extinct animals. The objective of this study was to test the above hypothesis on animals in the Felidae (cats).

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Morais, Mônica Larissa Barra de, e João Antônio Germano Figueiredo de Souza. "Explorando a cooperação entre psicologia e veterinária na TAA (terapia assistida por animais)". In CONGRESSO NACIONAL DE CIÊNCIAS E EDUCAÇÃO. FCRN, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61228/conced.a15.

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A colaboração homem-animal é evidenciada desde a antiguidade, atualmente ela tem tido um papel fundamental na psicoterapia, através da Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA). A International Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations (IAHAIO) destaca que a inclusão de animais dentro do ambiente terapêutico existe desde o final do século XVII. No contexto psicológico, a TAA é utilizada para promover saúde mental, atendendo uma variedade de necessidades, tendo demonstrado benefícios em diversos aspectos, desde quadros psiquiátricos até distúrbios neurológicos e do desenvolvimento. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar as evidências existentes sobre aplicação da TAA na área da saúde mental. Para verificar as evidências, foram analisados artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2023, com acesso eletrônico livre que detalham os programas de intervenção. Os resultados mostraram sólidas evidências científicas com as intervenções da TAA utilizadas por profissionais da saúde, adaptando às necessidades dos pacientes e alinhando com as características do animal mediador no ambiente terapêutico. Os benefícios abrangem aspectos sociais, físicos, emocionais e cognitivos, especialmente no tratamento de transtornos mentais e crônicos. Com diversos mecanismos de ação, incluindo estímulo psicológico, recreação e benefícios físicos. A interação com animais proporciona distração, redução do estresse e estímulo à autoestima, além de promover o crescimento emocional e a construção de caráter. Embora o campo esteja crescendo, a integração de profissionais e pesquisadores é fundamental. Em suma, a TAA é uma intervenção promissora que destaca a importância da conexão homem animal na saúde mental e sugere uma expansão de estudos para melhor aproveitar seus benefícios terapêuticos.

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Nakanishi, Deborah Ayumi Alves, Diego Armando Barbosa Aragão e Claudio Eduardo Corrêa Teixeira. "Systematic review with meta-analysis on the use of antihyperglycemic agents as a preventive factor for cognitive losses in diabetic patients". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.711.

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Background: Blood glucose variations are generally associated with predisposition to the development of dementia in diabetes patients. And there is a controversy in the literature about whether the use of antihyperglycemic agents can(not) promote protective effects on cognition. Design and setting: we used a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate whether the evidence in the literature points to a protective or harmful effect of antihyperglycemic agents on cognition. Methods: PubMed, Science Direct and Scielo databases were used to collect articles in English, published between 2005 and 2020. Articles of reflection/opinion, monographs/theses/dissertations, and animal research were excluded. The blinding of authors during the searches contributed to search independence. Of 1,329 articles selected, 30 were adequate, but only 3 of these provided quantitative data from 53 cognitive tests, which were used for meta-analysis (random effect model), performed using R. Results: Funnel plot shows no publication bias. Forest plot, on the other hand, shows that literature points to the use of antihyperglycemic agents by patients as preventive of cognitive losses (standard mean difference equal to -0.18 [95% confidence interval between -0.29 and -0.06]). Conclusion: Evidence of the preventive effect of cognitive losses through the use of antihyperglycemic agents such as metformin should be further investigated, in order to better clarify this therapeutic potential.

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Guimarães, Melissa. "DIFERENCIAÇÃO ENTRE ENVELHECIMENTO COGNITIVO CANINO FISIOLÓGICO E SÍNDROME DA DISFUNÇÃO COGNITIVA CANINA - REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA". In II Congresso On-line Nacional de Clínica Veterinária de Pequenos Animais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-clinvet/9049.

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Sagastuy-Brena, Javier, Imran Thobani, Aran Nayebi, Rosa Cao e Dan Yamins. "Modelling inter-animal variability". In 2022 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. San Francisco, California, USA: Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2022.1289-0.

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Sajja, Sujith V., Matthew P. Galloway, Farhad Ghoddoussi, T. Dhananjeyan, Andrea Kespel e Pamela VandeVord. "Possible Mechanism of Blast-Induced Neuronal Damage in Hippocampus May Explain Cognitive Deficits". In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19545.

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Traumatic brain injury due to blast exposure is quickly becoming the most frequently seen injury in today’s battlefields. Alterations in cognitive function, such as attention, memory, language and problem solving skills appear to occur as a result of blast-induced TBI. Furthermore, behavioral symptoms such as mood changes, depression, anxiety, impulsiveness and emotional outbursts are associated with blast-induced TBI (Okie et al, 2005). Observed overlaps between symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and TBI confound the differential diagnosis. Thus, soldiers with blast-induced TBI may be substantially under-diagnosed after exposure to blast waves. Animal models of blast-induced TBI are underdeveloped and there is a vital need for blast exposure biomarkers to help effectively diagnosis blast-induced TBI. In this study, we have investigated the mechanisms that underlie cognitive impairment of blast-induced neurotrauma. We have studied the cascade of neurochemical changes within the hippocampus of blast-exposed animals using 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1HMRS). Furthermore, we examined changes in TBI protein markers using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results suggest that exposure to blast waves has a significant effect on the hippocampus.

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Monteiro, João Vitor da Costa, Ana Silvia Sardinha Ribeiro, Joely Cavalcante dos Santos Magno, Karoline Petrini Pinheiro da Cruz e Tauãn dos Santos de Matos. "ENRIQUECIMENTO AMBIENTAL COMO FORMA DE BEM-ESTAR PARA CERDOCYON THOUS EM REABILITAÇÃO". In I Congresso Brasileiro On-line de Ensino em Zoologia. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/3257.

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Introdução: Enriquecimento Ambiental pode ser definido como uma série de atividades fornecidas ao animal, com o objetivo de preservar seu bem-estar e estimular os comportamentos naturais de cada espécie, podendo também diminuir o estresse desses animais em cativeiro. São descritos cinco tipos de enriquecimentos ambientais, o físico, alimentar, cognitivo, social e sensorial. Objetivos: Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o enriquecimento ambiental no recinto de manutenção de um cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), que permaneceu por cinco meses cativo em processo de recuperação e reabilitação no Centro de Triagem e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres (CETRAS), que fica localizado na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, em Belém do Pará. Materiais e métodos: No período de quatro meses foram introduzidos os enriquecimentos físicos e alimentares, oferecidos em dias aleatórios, duas vezes na semana. Como enriquecimento físico, foi feita uma ambientação no recinto, adicionando troncos de árvores, para serem utilizados para escalar, cheirar e arranhar. Também foi adicionada uma bacia com água e uma caixa grande de madeira, colocada fora do cambiamento, para servir de abrigo. Como enriquecimento alimentar, a comida foi espalhada e escondida por todo recinto, em cima dos troncos de árvores, como uma forma de estimular a movimentação e exploração do recinto. Resultados: No período de pré- enriquecimento foi observado que o espécime permanecia por muito tempo sentado ou se escondendo dentro da área de cambiamento, sem explorar seu recinto. Após a implementação dos dois tipos de enriquecimentos ambientais, foi observado de maneira rápida e satisfatória a mudança de comportamento do animal, que ficou mais ativo e curioso, e passou a explorar o ambiente, subindo nos troncos de árvores e buscando ativamente os alimentos. Dentre as mudanças no comportamento, observamos a substituição da área de cambiamento como forma de abrigo pela caixa de madeira e foi notado algumas vezes o animal se refrescando na bacia com água. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os enriquecimentos tiveram um efeito positivo, promovendo como foi previsto, um maior bem-estar ao animal, diminuindo o estresse que o cativeiro provoca, estimulando-o a hábitos normais em vida livre, o tornando apto a voltar para a natureza.

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Zapara, Tatyana, Alexander Romashchenko, Anna Proskura, Alexander Ratushnyak e Svetlana Vechkapova. "Mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis in the limbic system of adult animals". In 2020 Cognitive Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics (CSGB). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csgb51356.2020.9214729.

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Braun, Jerome J., Marianne A. DeAngelus, Kate D. Fischl, Austin R. Hess e Danelle C. Shah. "Building animats: neurobiomimetic approach for cognitive systems". In SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, a cura di Jerome J. Braun. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2054606.

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Paiva, Jhenifer Antonucci, e LÍVIA ARAUJO BENASSI. "SÍNDROME DA DISFUNÇÃO COGNITIVA". In III Congresso On-line Nacional de Clínica Veterinária de Pequenos Animais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/clinvet2023/22973.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Cognition in animals"

Hu, XinYi, JingXuan Hao e HangYue Wang. Improvement of Environmental enrichment on Cognitive Functions in Patients and animals : A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dicembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0014.

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Review question / Objective: To study the relationship between environmental enrichment and cognitive function through a meta-analysis of the literature, analyze its effects on the improvement of cognitive function in patients and animals, and evaluate the effects of different environmental enrichment measures on cognitive function improvement. Condition being studied: Cognitive decline refers to an individual's memory, language, reasoning and other aspects of cognitive function showing obvious, measurable decline or abnormal. The causes of cognitive decline are various, including neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular disease, infection, trauma, and depression. Alzheimer's disease and stroke are the most common.

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Luan, Sisi, Wenke Cheng, Chenglong Wang, Hongjian Gong e Jianbo Zhou. Impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs on cognitive function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0015.

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Review question / Objective: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Little is known regarding the neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Here, the study aim to assess the impact of GLP-1 on general cognition function among patients with T2DM. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) an original article was recently published in English, (2) the population included subjects diagnosed with diabetes at baseline, (3) GLP-1 analogs is a single formulation rather than a fixed dose combination, (4) GLP-1 analogs were compared with no GLP-1 use or placebo or self-control before treatment, (5) the duration of antidiabetic agent use was 12 weeks or more, and (6) it provided quantitative measures of general cognitive function assessed by MMSE or MoCA. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the publication was a review, case report, animal study, or letter to the editor, (2) the study did not clearly define clinical outcomes, (3) the authors could not provide valid data after being contacted, (4) duplicated data.

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Cen, huijie, yue Huang, ziying Su, mengfei Wang, chenxi Ma e jianping Zhang. Improvement of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Functions in Patients and animals : A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0005.

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Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Amir, Muhammad Hibatullah Romli, Razif Abas, Sharmili Vidyadaran, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin, Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin, Vishnnumukkala Thirupathirao et al. Impact of Endocannabinoid Mediated Glial Cells on Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, agosto 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0094.

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Review question / Objective: This review aims to review systematically, and meta-analyse published pre-clinical research about the mechanism of endocannabinoid system modulation on glial cells and their effects on cognitive function in designated Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the animal model. Condition being studied: Its been acknowledged that the cure of Alzheimer's disease is still vague. Current medicine is working on symptoms only but never stop the disease progression due to neuronal loss. In recent years, researches have found that cannabinoid which is derived from cannabis sativa plant and its compounds exert neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. In fact, cognitive improvement has been shown in some clinical studies. Therefore, the knowledge of cannabinoids and its interaction with living physiological environment like glial cells is crucial as immunomodulation to strategize the potential target of this substance. The original articles from related study relating endocannabinoid mediated glial cell were extracted to summarize and meta-analyze its impact and possible mechanism against cognitive decline in AD.

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Rolling, Virginia, Christin Seifert, Veena Chattaraman e Amrut Sadachar. Real Fur or Fake Fur? Animal Fur-Free Luxury Brands, Cognitive Dissonance, and Environmentally-Conscious Millennial Consumer Response. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, gennaio 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8814.

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Li, Guangyao, Xueqin Hong, Qin Wen, Min Li, Jinghu Li e Qi Wang. Acupuncture improves cognitive function in animals with vascular dementia by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, luglio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0022.

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Macintyre, Alison, e Clare Strachan. Sanitation, Hygiene and Environmental Cleanliness for Child Development. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.022.

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This Frontiers of Sanitation draws on the Transformative WASH concept to explore and outline what may be required of WASH implementation stakeholders in efforts to support child development outcomes. The Frontiers explores the multiple ways in which inadequate sanitation, hygiene, and environmental cleanliness can affect physical and cognitive development in children. It explores areas beyond hand hygiene to consider food hygiene and broader environmental cleanliness, and beyond human faeces to consider animal faeces. What this means for practice is then discussed to outline how the WASH sector can improve current practice to best support improvements to child development outcomes and in particular opportunities for children to both survive and thrive.

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Macintyre, Alison, e Clare Strachan. Saneamento, Higiene e Limpeza Ambiental para o Desenvolvimento Infantil. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.009.

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Este Fronteiras ... baseia-se no conceito de WASH Transformativo ao explorar e delinear o que pode ser exigido aos intervenientes na implementação de WASH nos esforços para apoiar os resultados do desenvolvimento infantil. Este número de Fronteiras... explora as múltiplas formas como o saneamento inadequado, a higiene e a limpeza ambiental podem afectar o desenvolvimento físico e cognitivo das crianças. Explora áreas para além da higiene das mãos, ao considerar a higiene alimentar e a limpeza ambiental mais alargada e vai além das fezes humanas, ao ter em conta as fezes animais. É então discutido o que isto implica na prática, por forma a delinear o aperfeiçoamento das práticas actuais do sector de WASH, visando a obtenção de melhores resultados no desenvolvimento infantil e, em particular, de melhores oportunidades de as crianças sobreviverem e se desenvolverem.

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Macintyre, Alison, e Clare Strachan. Assainissement, hygiène et propreté de l’environnement pour le développement de l’enfant. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, settembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.015.

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Ce numéro d’Aux Frontières de l’assainissement s’appuie sur le concept de WASH transformationnel pour explorer et décrire brièvement ce que l’on peut attendre des parties prenantes à la mise en oeuvre des services d’EAH pour soutenir le développement infantile. Frontières explore les multiples façons qui font qu’une hygiène et un assainissement insuffisants ainsi qu’un manque de propreté de l’environnement peuvent affecter le développement physique et cognitif des enfants. Il va plus loin que l’hygiène des mains pour considérer l’hygiène alimentaire et la propreté de l’environnement en général et il va au-delà des excreta humains pour considérer les déjections animales. Concrètement, ce que cela veut dire est alors discuté pour décrire comment le secteur de l’EAH peut améliorer les pratiques pour mieux soutenir les améliorations apportées au développement infantile et, en particulier, les opportunités qui s’offrent aux enfants pour survivre et s’épanouir.

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Stepanyuk, Alla V., Liudmyla P. Mironets, Tetiana M. Olendr, Ivan M. Tsidylo e Oksana B. Stoliar. Methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology school course studying. [б. в.], luglio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3887.

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This paper considers the problem of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in secondary schools. It has been examined how well the scientific problem is developed in pedagogical theory and educational practice. The methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school, which involves the use of the Play Market server applications, Smart technologies and a website, has been created. After the analyses of the Play Market server content, there have been found several free of charge applications, which can be used while studying biology in a basic school. Among them are the following: Anatomy 4D, Animal 4D+, Augmented Reality Dinosaurs – my ARgalaxy, BioInc – Biomedical Plague, Plan+Net. Their choice is caused by the specifics of the object of biological cognition (life in all its manifestations) and the concept of bio(eco)centrism, which recognizes the life of any living system as the highest value. The paper suggests the original approach for homework checking, which involves besides computer control of students’ learning outcomes, the use of Miracast wireless technology. This demands the owning of a smartphone, a multimedia projector, and a Google Chromecast type adapter. The methodology of conducting a mobile front-line survey at the lesson on the learned or current material in biology in the test form, with the help of the free Plickers application, has been presented. The expediency of using the website builder Ucoz.ua for creation of a training website in biology has been substantiated. The methodology of organizing the educational process in biology in a basic school using the training website has been developed. Recommendations for using a biology training website have been summarized. According to the results of the forming experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school has been substantiated.

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