Tesi sul tema "Cognition – Effets de l'âge"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Cognition – Effets de l'âge".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Langevin, Sabine. "Fausses reconnaissances et vieillissement cognitif : vers une approche écologique". Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21413.
Testo completoThe research was focused on the accuracy of memories and effects of cognitive aging. According the constructive memory, our research addressed on the aged effects on false recognition (distinguishing semantic vs. Source-based false recognition). According to this, three main aims were investigated; 2/ to demonstrate a higher age-related susceptibility for source-based false recognitions with naturalistic material or not; 3/ to demonstrate the multi-processes origin (constructive encoding / source monitoring processes) of false recognition susceptibility with age due to a dysexecutive difficulties (according to the frontal aging hypothesis) for both types of false recognition. The results obtained were discussed in the light of various theories, and allowed us to establish an integrated model of aging effects on false recognition phenomenon
El, Yagoubi Radouane. "Effets du vieillissement dans la cognition numérique : études comportementale, électrophysiologique (ERPs) et neurofonctionnelle (IRMf)". Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10092.
Testo completoErnd, Aline. "Développement et vieillissement des transferts intermodaux d'information". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2011.
Testo completoThe sensory information integration concern several studies in cognitive psychology. In this work, we focus on the question of intramodal and cross modal interactions between vision (V) and touch (T). Two types of matching are studied : the first correspond to a classical recognition task in which objects are explored and recognized using the same sensory modality. The second concern cross modal transfer, in which participants explore the target with a modality and recognize it using another modality. This type of task require the information to be translated from a sensory modality to the other (amodal integration), or the use of a single code which is common to different senses (modal integration). Our studies focus on age effect and transfer condition effect on subject's performances, from childhood to elderly. Three experiments were carried out. The first concern 95 subjects (children, young and old adults) took part in the second experiment which concerns two transfers with tactual exploration (T-T and T-V). The results of these two studies indicate a significant age effect on performances, young adults obtain better scores than other groups. Moreover, results indicate a significant transfer condition effect on performances : scores are better when vision is used during the exploration phase. The third esperiment focus on cognitive processes that are plausibly mediate age effect on T-T and T-V conditions. 40 participants (young and old adults) took part in this study. The results show that different processes are involved in each condition. Integration speed mediate age effect in T-T condition, working memory and mental imagery mediate age effect in cross modal transfer T-V condition. This study show that sensory information transfer process changes along life and indicates that different cognitive factors are involved in this process according to transfer condition and people condition and people age-linked experience
Gombart, Samantha. "Connaissances et contrôle exécutif : Implication dans la cognition et facteurs de protection du vieillissement normal". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2017/document.
Testo completoSeveral studies of cognitive aging allow to distinguish two key components of the cognition: « knowledge » defined as the general knowledge acquired throughout the life, and the « executive control », defined as the set of operations that control and regulate cognitive performance. These models suggest that the recourse to these two components evolves in a differential way during the life. Therefore, the objective of this work was to examine the implication of these two components in the cognition at different periods of life but also to determine whether one or the other of these components could play a protective role against the cognitive aging. Results suggest mainly that « control » is more involved in the cognition in older adults, and that this component moderates age-related effect on cognitive functioning
Postal, Virginie. "Mémoire encyclopédique, expertise et vieillissement". Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20024.
Testo completoThe purpose of this work is to define the concept of encyclopedic knowledge. It refers to the knowledge acquired throughout the life (scholastic and extra-scholastic knowledge). Tables of frequency related to that knowledge are established. They concern 221 categories : sport, cinema, music, literature, sciences. . . Comparison between young and old people allows us to show a deficit of semantic memory in the aging. Different variables such the residence, the scholastic level or the socio-professional categories modulate the results and have push us into making a test of cultural level. More, the encyclopedic knowledge's retrieval is related to the sujet's expertise : experts retrieval more quickly and with less errors informations related to their knowledge than non-experts. With aging, this pattern of results is identical, supporting the hypothese of phenomenon of compensation. The existence of long term working memory is confirm through differents tests of working memory
Baclet-Roussel, Caroline. "Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) : étude neuropsychologique des sous-types amnésique et dysexécutif et apport d'une tâche de mémoire prospective dans le diagnostic précoce". Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H076.
Testo completoThe concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) distinguishes between amnestic (a-MCI) and dysexecutive sub-types (d-MCI). These particular ones have been kept out of the research work, and their cognitive profile remains little defined. In addition, some cognition areas are still poorly known, like prospective memory (PM), ability to remember to realize intentions in the future. The aims of this work were to characterize and study the evolution of the neuropsychological impairment in a-MCI and d-MCI and examine their activation profile to cognitive tasks in functional MRI. We tried to differentiate the MCI sub¬types according to their performance profile to a PM task. 1st studies allowed to observe that a-MCI are more impaired at encoding and retrieval processes in episodic memory, and show difficulties in strategies initiation. The d-MCI showed impairments in working memory, in free recall tasks of episodic memory, and in instrumental activities. The 2nd study reveals a more significant progression, at 1 and 2 years, of the MCI than of the controls, the a-MCI developing quite often dysexecutive deficits. The 3rd study reveals that whereas the a-MCI are indeed those with the most trouble remembering the intentions in MP, the d-MCI actually realize less action. The 4th study seems to show an increase in the recruitment of the cerebral areas within MCI subjects compared to a control one. The results of this research result in putting into light the role of the executive processes and of the frontal functions within the MCI, their involvement in the PM performance and the contribution of the PM performance profiles in the early distinction of the a-MCI and d-MCI
Doiseau, Frédéric. "Rôle des fonctions exécutives et de la vitesse de traitement dans la mémoire épisodique et la mémoire de travail au cours du vieillissement". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2043.
Testo completoThree major models were developed in order to account for the memory modifications during aging : the executive deficit model, the processing speed slowing model, and the cognitive resources reduction model. The aim of this work was to explain the effects of aging on memory tasks requiring various degrees of cognitive resources by determining the contribution of the executive functions and the processing speed. The results indicate that aging deteriorates the more cognitive resources dependant tasks, and that this effect seems to depend at the same time on an executive deficit and a processing speed slowing. On the other hand, the processing speed captures entirely the age-related variance on the R answers (R/K paradigm, Gardiner, 1988). This result is discussed in terms of identification of the process leading to the R and K answers, and of compensatory strategies setting in older subjects
Honoré-Masson, Sandrine. "Etude de l'organisation des connaissances sémantiques en mémoire : approches cognitive, neuropsychologique et développementale". Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/honore_s.
Testo completoChalard, Marylène. "Effets de l'âge d'acquisition et de la fréquence objective en production verbale orale et écrite de mots isolés". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20002.
Testo completoPlaie, Thierry. "Imagerie mentale, mémoire et viellissement : étude des effets de l'âge sur le codage image en mémoire et sur les processus d'imagerie mentale". Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR2030.
Testo completoIn order to obtain a complementary information concerning the effects of aging on image processing, two approaches have been used : the realization of imaginal coding activity based on classical learning and recall paradigms (Paivio, 1971, 1986), and the utilization of specific paradigms (Paivio, 1971, 1986), and the utilization of specific paradigms for estimating by direct measures the processes driving visual image generation and maintenance (Craik and Dirkx, 1992 ; Dror and Kosslyn, 1994). The principal aim of our study was to confirm the existence of deficiency link to aging in an imaginal coding operations in memory and in mental imagery activities. After a presentation of explanatory models of memory aging, the theoretical conceptions and the different operational modes of mental imagery, we present five experiments. In the first two, imaginal coding is analyzed in connection with the relationship the image has with memory according to the time of display of the stimuli, the imagery value of words, the kind of encoding instruction conditions and individual differences in imagery ability. The results attest a same carrying out for both age groups of the imaginal coding of concrete (high-imagery) items as the slowest rate of exposure (5 seconds). The tow other experiments examine the effects of aging, on the one hand on the generation process in the presence or absence of an environmental support orienting the subject's representations, on the other hand, on the process whereby images are generated and maintened according to the figurative and verbal nature of stimuli. These experiments reveal that the capacities involving mental image generation and maintain processes do not differ according to subject's age. Nor does the figurative or verbal nature of items lead to a modification of previous results. The aim of the final experiment was to evaluate if direct measures on these processes could have an influence on the learning of concrete words. Our results do not permit us to exclude this hypothesis. Our research as a whole leads us to conclude that imagery processes, whether studied from the angle of imaginal coding in memory or from the angle of direct measures, are not impareid by a normal process of aging. The general conclusion places the functions of visual buffer and mechanisms of selective attention of imaginal coding of verbal information in memory
Gounden, Yannick. "La mémorisation des informations distinctives au cours du vieillissement normal". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H116.
Testo completoGandini, Delphine. "Effets du vieillissement sur une habilité numérique particulière, la quantification approximative : Combinaison d'une approche comportementale et neurofonctionnelle". Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10001.
Testo completoPeres, Fabienne. "Automatismes cognitifs et vieillissement normal. Etude de l'effet d'amorçage automatique par répétition et d'une situation de mémorisation incidente". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30260.
Testo completoBeigneux, Katia. "Vieillissement cognitif et capacités de stockage de la mémoire de travail visuo-spatiale". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR2007.
Testo completoThe aim of this work was to evaluate the aging of the visuospatial sketchpad with the Visual Patterns Test and the Corsi blocks tapping test and to try to explain this age-related effect. Five experiments have compared young and older adults' visual and spatial spans. Results show an age-related effect is more pronounced on the visual storage capacities. Moreover, the age-related effect on the visuospatial sketchpad is mediated by the processing speed slowing and the reduction of the attentional resources. Lastly, the simultaneous presentation and the visual nature of information of the Visual Patterns Test can account for the more pronounced age-related effect on the visual storage capacities of the working memory insofar as these characteristics seem to require more self-initiated process than those of the Corsi blocks tapping test
Nauton, Pascal. "Influence d'une altération neuroendocrinienne sur les capacités cognitives. Un modèle d'études : la rate vieillissante". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30200.
Testo completoMusielak-Mersak, Céline. "Vieillissement cognitif, apprentissage fonctionnel et extrapolation". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000224.pdf.
Testo completoThe aim of the present study is to examine the effect of aging on abstraction and adjustment to the complex relationships of the environement. A total of 208 individuals (aged 18-25, 40-50, 65-75, 76-90 years old) participated in this study. In experiment 1, the leaming of curvilinear functions (U-shaped and Inverse U-shaped functions) is compared with the learning of linear functions (direct and inverse functions). An extrapolation test is conducted to examine abstraction. Results show that extrapolation capacities are preserved in the elderly, especially when the relation between cue and criterion is a direct one. Age related differences are only quantitative. The results can be interpreted within the theoretical framework of executive functions. Experiment 2 is aimed at examining the effects of aging on shirting from a functional strategy of learning to an associative strategy of learning. Resuls show difficulties in older people when no function can be used to associate variables. It seems that, in the elderly, the lack of flexibility and the reduction of working memory capacity prevent the shirting between the two strategies. A project is presented. It is aimed at examining the effect of aging on multiple-cue probability learning tasks with non pertinent eues
Simon, Sophie. "Contribution à l'étude de la mémoire de travail visuo-spatiale : effets du vieillissement cognitif et de différentes variables expérimentales sur les performances mnésiques de relocalisation spatiale de formes visuelles". Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30067.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to study the functioning and the sturcture of the visuo-spatial working memory. More precisely, we have analysed various processes implied in the object location memory task. We have conducted 7 experiments with normal subjects (young Ss and old Ss) while testing the influence of the following factors : number and type of items, encoding duration and maintenance delay, spatial context, sequential and simulteneous presentation, interference tasks. . . On the re-localisation memory performances. The Postma, Kessels and Van Asselen model (2004) considers that the re-localization of identical items would implicate mainly spatial memory process, whereas the localization of various items would, at the same time, implicate the spatial memory process, the visual memory process and integration process, that would bind spatial information with visual information ("spatial + visual identity"). Our results confirm the Postma et al. (2004) hypotesis and show a mainly influence of the member and the type of items and of the age of the participants on the re-localization performances. These researches underline the necessity of the multi-factors approach in the study of the visuo-spatial working memory in order to question and improve the theoretical models
Azzopardi, Barbara. "Le vieillissement de la mémoire prospective : mécanismes cognitifs sous-jacents et possibilités d’intervention cognitives". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20049/document.
Testo completoProspective memory is a complex cognitive function requested to remember a planned action. For example, this function is particularly important in elderly people to remember taking medication at the appropriate time. Two key objectives were pursued in an interindividual differences approach. The first goal was to have a better understanding of prospective memory in aging people. Thus, we wanted to identify the cognitive mechanisms underlying the age-related decline in laboratory and naturalistic prospective memory tasks. The second goal was to estimate how prospective memory can be improved in elderly people. To that end, we performed four studies using samples of aging people. The results of the two first studies indicated that retrospective memory and executive control processes mediate the relation between age and prospective memory. In the third study, the results showed that elderly people compensated spontaneously some of their prospective memory problems using external memory aids. These studies allowed us to develop and to test a cognitive intervention program based on the reinforcement of retrospective memory, executive control processes, and metacognitive knowledge. The results indicated any effect of the intervention program on prospective memory performance. These suggest that individualized cognitive interventions focused on specific prospective memory problems would be more suitable than interventions designed to improve the global functioning of prospective memory in elderly people
Hubert, Valérie. "L'apprentissage procédural cognitif : études comportementales et en neuroimagerie fonctionnelle chez des sujets jeunes et âgés". Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1452.
Testo completoGaëstel, Yann. "Troubles de l'orientation spatiale et troubles visuo-constructifs dans le vieillissement normal et la Maladie d'Alzheimer". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21285.
Testo completoWe studied impairments in spatial orientation and in visuo-constructive abilities in normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Firstly, thanks to experimentations in a human-sized maze we investigated navigation deficits in AD. The patients were impaired in planning and unable to acquire a mental representation of their environment. Consequently, they were impaired in tasks requiring a mental manipulation but they could walk following a guided path. Secondly, we studied visuo-constructive impairments appearing in a cube and a clock drawing. Data were collected among two French population-based cohorts : Paquid and 3 City studies. Results evidence the occurence of some types of errors in non demented patients and some other types occuring more frequently in dementia. Knowing cognitive processes involved in these domains is necessary to develop compensatory strategies
Tuligenga, Hirwa Richard. "Déterminants du déclin cognitif au cours du vieillissement : rôle du diabète de type 2 et des médicaments antidiabétiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS077/document.
Testo completoCognitive decline represents a major issue given the current context of population aging. The cognitive aging process is complex and multifactorial. In first part of our work, we addressed in particular the contribution of type 2 diabetes to cognitive decline, based on longitudinal data from the Whitehall 2 study. Cognitive function was assessed through a battery of neuropsychological tests in participants aged 45 to 70 years old at the beginning of cognitive testing. We observed that baseline type 2 diabetes was associated with lower cognitive performance at baseline and greater decline over follow-up, particularly in patients with longer duration of type 2 diabetes. We observed a relationship between poor glycemic control and faster cognitive decline. In second part of our work, we were interested in the potentially protective role of antidiabetic medications on cognitive decline in a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis indicated that intensive glycemic control was not associated with slower cognitive decline. Our results support the hypothesis of a contribution of type 2 diabetes to cognitive decline in midlife and contribute to improve our understanding of this process
Grimaud, Élisabeth. "Effets de programmes de stimulation cognitive par les activités de loisir sur les fonctions cognitives et la santé psychologique chez l'adulte âgé". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2028/document.
Testo completoThe main objective of this thesis was to test the possibility to improve cognitive functioning (working memory, episodic memory, speed of processing, executive functions) and psychological health (self-esteem, memory complaint, satisfaction of life) with leisure activities during aging. The present work was based on four programs using leisure activities, from unimodal to multimodal composition including pretests and posttests and compared to control groups. Globally, results show that the programs heterogeneously improve cognitive performances and provide evidence of benefits transfer to psychological health, except for the unimodal program. Overall, results show that unimodal cognitive training only improve cognitive functioning (Experience 1), whereas playful and multimodal interventions improve psychological health and influence cognitive performance (Experiences 2, 3, et 4). Eventually, our results show that leisure activities during lifespan are associated with a better psychological health (Experiment 3), improve subjective well-being and help to better adapt to ageing. This work supports the idea that leisure activities during life span are in line with psychological health. It also highlights that multimodal cognitive interventions contribute to successful ageing more than unimodal programs
Legouverneur, Gregory. "Silver Games : étude des facteurs humains dans le développement de jeux vidéos adaptés aux personnes âgées". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H123/document.
Testo completoFor many years, research in the field of aging has focused on understanding this complex phenomenon and identifying solutions to medical, economic, psychological or sociological issues linked to it. In this context, the aim of this thesis was to identify factors that facilitate the use of video games as a medium for cognitive stimulation in older adults. To answer this question, two studies were carried out: the first one focused on exploring the gameplay of the Nintendo Wii, and the second one aimed at determining the factors of acceptability for video game in older adults. The work on the Wii was focused on the criterion of learnability, based on the theoretical framework of usability in Human Machine Interfaces. The objective was to analyze the data collected throughout a behavioral experimentation in order to assess the process by which the older adults were able to master the game (either bowling or tennis). Participants had to play four sessions and each session encompassed two sets of each game. Three groups of participants were implemented: younger patients, older adults without cognitive impairment and suffering from Mild Cognitive Impairment respectively. Three patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease also participated in this study. The results confirm an effect of age, which is moderated by the learning effect. The effect of the cognitive profile was more subtle. The analysis of the data for each volunteer with dementia showed that positive results in the games were probably due to the preservation of implicit motor learning, but also required the mandatory presence of a human mediator. The investigation on older adults' representations of entertainments "dedicated to young people" was carried out in two focus groups. The aim was to let older adults play with different modern games, and explore the world of video games from different angles, including gameplay, ethical issues or financial investment. Different themes were brought up in order to encourage free discussion between participants. The collected material was subsequently subjected to thematic content analysis: the different items of material collected during the two focus groups were labeled with key words, and then the tags that we obtained were used to build a theme tree. The results of this study showed that older adults had various interests in video games, but a strong desire to preserve their cognitive functions. For older adults, fun is possible when playing videogames but seems to be linked to very heterogeneous criteria. However, our results showed a consensus among older adults on criteria for appropriate games such as stimulating thinking, creativity and new knowledge. From a more pragmatic point of view, there is a clear refusal to invest in specific equipment for games. Finally, games like First Person Shooter, put forward because of their potential benefit on visual and attentional functions, were rejected because of the violence associated with the gameplay. In the last part of this work, we compared our results with those of the literature in order to identify our contributions as well as the experimental limits of our studies. Then our reflection focused on a summary of guidelines for the implementation of games aiming at supporting cognitive training or rehabilitation. We also analyzed the research questions and issues identified at the end of this intellectual and human process
Deline, Stéphane. "Différences individuelles dans les processus de contrôle attentionnel chez des personnes jeunes et âgées : approches expérimentale et computationnelle". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00960549.
Testo completoAgrigoroaei, Stefan. "Le déclin du sentiment d'auto-efficacité mnésique chez les personnes âgées : Revue théorique et études de ses relations avec le déclin réel, les facteurs affectifs et socio-cognitifs". Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAML046.
Testo completoBennis, Kenza. "Dynamiques cérébrales des trajectοires cοgnitives dans le vieillissement nοrmal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC017.
Testo completoThe aging of the population is a growing global phenomenon, raising major public health issues relating to the preservation of autonomy in older adults. While some individuals show preserved cognitive functioning, others show a more or less marked decline, reflecting the heterogeneity of cognitive trajectories associated with varied cerebral changes. Recent research suggests that the temporal dynamics of brain activity are a fine, early indicator of age-related cognitive changes. However, the time of day, which influences these dynamics, is rarely taken into account in studies. The main aim of this thesis was to characterize the temporal dynamics of brain activity on a daytime scale in healthy older adults, using high temporal resolution electroencephalography (EEG). Our results showed that theta and gamma rhythms are distinctly associated with cognition. Global fluctuations in theta activity increase over the course of the day and are negatively correlated with memory performance, while gamma fluctuations decrease and are positively associated with executive functions. Using multi-layer network methods, we also characterized the dynamics of inter- and intra-network functional connectivity, revealing that the stability or fluctuation of these connections has specific effects on cognition depending on the frequency band considered. These results highlight the importance of taking into account the daily dynamics of brain activity when studying cognitive aging. In clinical terms, our work opens up prospects for the development of early screening tools and personalized interventions aimed at maintaining or improving cognitive health in the elderly. By integrating the time of day into neuropsychological assessment, and specifically targeting relevant brain rhythms, it would be possible to refine diagnosis and propose appropriate therapeutic strategies
Draux, Nadine. "Les interactions socio-cognitives chez les élèves en difficulté : leurs effets, en fonction de l'âge des sujets, de leur niveau scolaire et opératoire, de la structure de l'interaction, et du degré d'affinité entre les partenaires". Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2002.
Testo completoWrites, Pande Nicolas Poshita. "A strategy perspective on age-based stereotype threat : studies in arithmetic". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0153.
Testo completoLeblond, Mona. "Estime de soi et mémoire dans le vieillissement, le mild cognitive impairment et la maladie d’Alzheimer : explorations et analyses de l’effet de référence à soi". Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE3080/document.
Testo completoThe first aim of this thesis was to examine the self-reference effect (SRE) on memory in aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and early-stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The second aim was to review the whole literature on the SRE and to attempt understanding its mechanisms. We showed that the SRE on semantic summary representations of one’s traits (which is a component of identity) was preserved in aging. Besides, we showed that depth of processing, which was hitherto regarded as the mechanism responsible for the SRE, did not actually play a role in the latter. By contrast, the interaction of age and self-esteem, as well as individuals’ life experiences modulated the SRE. We showed that the SRE resulted from two processes: the congruency of traits as well as the elaboration of traits with individuals’ identity. We also reported for the first time that aMCI patients benefited from the SRE, as well as AD patients in the early stage of the disease to a lesser extent. Furthermore, the SRE acted as a self-defense mechanism in patients with aMCI and AD by protecting them from negative feedback that constituted a threat to the integrity of their selves. Finally, we suggest that referencing the self could serve as a tool for social or clinical rehabilitation programs, by increasing the self-esteem of some individuals and preserving their memory and well-being
Bon, Mélanie. "Les croyances ASP dans le suicide : quelle spécificité du sujet âgé ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3107.
Testo completoIn France, the number of suicide deaths is estimated at around 10,000 per year, 30% corresponds to elderly people. Remaining a taboo, it is still a difficult question to directly address to the public. This thesis focuses on the depression and addiction cognitive conceptions that are involved in psychological processes related to the decision for the suicide act. It furhter aims at enabling the identification of some age-related particularities. We think that certain beliefs may play an important role in the actual moment of carrying out the act. We have attempted to identify them by using a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose. We sought to determine whether some beliefs are different or more prevalent among elderly people, partly explaining their large number of suicides. A group of validated scales (Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, , and Beck Hopelessness Scale) and the Suicidal Ambivalence Scale that we have developed were administered to a sample of 274 subjects aged 18 to 97 years old. Our statistical analysis showed that subjects adhered differently to certain kinds of beliefs, depending on their life experiences and age
Bernier, Marjorie. "Effets de l'âge et de caractéristiques individuelles sur la compression temporelle". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33850.
Testo completoThe impression that time passes faster than what is really the case is called temporal compression. A popular belief is that temporal compression increases with age. The first objective of this thesis is to verify if that belief is justified. In this regard, 1212 participants, aged 15 to 97, were recruited to answer the questionnaires measuring temporal compression, time pressure, biographical memory and anxiety level. A non-parametric regression analysis allowed the study of the functional form linking these variables. The results indicate that temporal compression increases linearly with age. Participants with good memory, with high levels of anxiety, or with high temporal pressure experience less temporal compression. The second objective of this thesis aims to predict the impression of temporal compression experienced by a group of adolescents according to various individual characteristics. To do this, 237 adolescents, aged 15 to 17, were recruited. Individual characteristics used were time pressure, anxiety level, memory, sex, impulsivity level an scores on the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). Step-by-step regression method identified the best predictors. The variables with the best predictive power are the level of anxiety and the future and present-hedonistic perspectives of the ZTPI. This study provides a new perspective on the evolution of temporal compression through ages and on the determinants of this temporal compression.
Rousseau, Paméla. "Les effets de l'âge sur la rétention du personnel en PME". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4472/1/030308820.pdf.
Testo completoIlle, Anne. "Effets de l'âge et du niveau d'habileté dans la mémorisation d'enchaînements gymniques". Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON14002.
Testo completoMarin-Lamellet, Claude. "Eléments de réflexion sur l'interface conducteur âge-systèmes d'aide à la navigation : expression du vieillissement sur la prise et le traitement d'informations visuelles en situation d'attention partagée". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10021.
Testo completoBugaïska, Aurélia. "Recherche d'informations et mémoire de travail : l'impact du vieillissement normal". Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT5003.
Testo completoInformation search is a strategic activity, requiring various cognitive abilities, which appears to be altered in older adults. In the present work, we developed an experimental approach in order to determine factors influencing information search as well as moderating factors of age-related deficits. The first three studies sought to determine in younger and older adults whether information search was influenced by the presence of distracting information sharing common – semantic or orthographic – properties with the target. Older adults were found to be more disturbed than younger by the presence of distracting information. The last two experiments showed that the very large disadvantage that older adults otherwise experienced can be eliminated when spatial information cueing for the location of relevant information is provided. Finally, this work suggests that the speed mediation hypothesis (Salthouse, 1996) combined with the inhibition deficit view (Hasher & Zacks, 1988) may provide an interpretative framework for age-related deficits in information search
Vauzour, Pierre. "Le cancer du sein chez la femme de moins de 36 ans : à propos de 250 cas/ Pierre Vauzour". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25013.
Testo completoWable, Jocelyne. "Biomécanique cochléaire chez l'humain : caractéristiques et influence de l'âge". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T198.
Testo completoStaub, Bérengère. "Attention soutenue et vieillissement normal : étude des mécanismes cognitifs et neuronaux associés au contrôle attentionnel". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ110/document.
Testo completoThe purpose of this project was to gain more knowledge about the effects of normal aging on sustained attention ability and attentional control mechanisms underlying this ability. To that end, we combined the use of behavioral, subjective and electrophysiological (event-related potentials) measures. Behavioral results evidenced differential effects of age on sustained attention ability according to the approach used: deterioration in detection tasks, and preservation in inhibition tasks. Electrophysiological data evidenced several special features of seniors regarding the recruitment of attentional control mechanisms in a situation of sustained attention: overall greater activation of these mechanisms, stable or increased activation of these mechanisms over the course of the task, and a more frontal topography of the regions underlying these mechanisms
Chavoshi, Monfared Leila. "L’impact des dispositifs de formation sur le fonctionnement des personnes âgées : Évaluation de l’efficacité d’apprentissage de types formels et non formels sur les compétences cognitives et conatives des personnes âgées saines". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH8232.
Testo completoThis research consists of estimating, among the various types of learnings, the one which seems the most adapted to elderly and determining the factors which influence their learning. Two questions guide this research: the evaluation and the analysis of the training devices. The first deals with finding among these formal and non-formal types of learning devices the ones which are the most effective in terms of increasing the cognitive and conative competencies of these people. In our opinion, the most effective devices for the elderly adults are the ones who allow the highest social link and interpersonal exchanges. The latter consists of understanding if the formal and non formal modes of learning include the same types of learners. We emphasize the characterization of the public, the definition of their needs for learning and the characterization of the learning situations. The formal learning of type is observed through memory training workshop and the non formal type through discussion training workshop. 45 elderly people from 62 to 87 years of age participated in this study. The evaluation of the specific cognitive skills consists of cognitive testing and scales: the measuring of the working and short-term memory (verbal memory tests), the selective attention and the reasoning capacities. The conative skills are estimated through self-efficacy, motivation, apprenance, life satisfaction and well-being. To do it, we chose a mixed method, a combination of the qualitative and quantitative method in which five techniques of data collection will be studied: the interview, the tasks, the scales and the observation. At the end of the training, a questionnaire of satisfaction was done. The results of this study show that a certain decline is observed on the level of the motivation and the life satisfaction of the participants of the “discussion group”. Thus, the non formal type of learning does not allow to increase the conative performances of the participants. But, the training workshops based on the principle of non formal learning type are more favorable in social exchanges than memory training workshops because they allow people to have a better social integration. The “memory group” maintains its level of cognitive and conative performances during six months of trainings, what can confirm the benefits of the cognitive trainings by means of the memory workshops functioning on the principle of the formal learning type. Concerning the participants of the “control group”, functioning on the basis of the informal learning type, we observe an increase of self-efficacy and memory
Le, Guidec Marie-Laure. "Etude de l'effet de l'âge et des facteurs de vieillissement sur les tâches implicites et explicites de complètements de trigrammes et de fragments". Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR2029.
Testo completoThis thesis is about the study og aging effects on two similar tasks of priming repetition : word stem completion (WSC) and word fragment completion (WFC). Indeed, several studies report that these two tasks are not sensitive to aging effects, but others numerus studies also reveal that exclusively WSC is altered by age. Two experiments comparing young and old people were performed, as welle as a third experiment comparing intstitutionalized people and non institutionalized old people. The results confirm that there is an age effect only on WSC, but no effect from institutionalisation. Several hypotheses can explain this result. Firstly, WSC may more sensitive to the awarness phenomenon in the realization of an implicit task. Secondly, it is supposed that WSC would involve more the excutive functionning, particulary modified by aging ( compared to WFC). Eventually, if the hypothesis is not confirmed, other factors such as processing speed or working memory could explain the age effect on WSC. Our datas indicate in the first place that age effect on WSC concern only conscoius responses, and also that executive deficit mediates more than processsing speed or working memory, age effect on WSC. Finally, this thesis illustrates the explicit memory and implicit memory dissociation : concerning age effect on explicit memory it could be explained by a slowing down of processing speed. Therefore, this studiet reveals that WSC and WFC can be dissociated by age effect as well as the cognitive ressources they involve
Mazzocco, Clémence. "Facteurs de mobilisation des stratégies de compensation mnésique et de leurs efficacités dans le vieillissement". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30087/document.
Testo completoThe general objective of this thesis was to study the impact of past resources of individuals on perceived memory compensation (Study 1 and Study 2) and on objective external memory compensation (Study 3). In order to operationalize the evaluation of perceived memory compensation strategies, Study 1 involved the French validation and normalization of the Memory Compensation Questionnaire (F-MCQ) of 749 participants aged from 18 to 92 years. In order to adapt this tool to different contexts, we created a shorter version (BF-MCQ) and conducted his validation on 260 participants aged from 50 years to 85 years in study 2. The results of these two works show a satisfactory internal validity for these two scales, and normalization reports an effect of age and gender on the perception of memory compensation strategies that an individual thinks that he use in everyday life. The external validity of these two scales showed the links between stress, self-memory efficiency and personality with the five compensation strategies measured by these tools. Our third study tested a) the impact of the personality trait "Openness" and of controlled processes on the use of external aid and on its effectiveness in prospective recall situation with 80 participants aged from 50 to 92 years and b) the link between behavioral observations of participants and their own perception of behavior during the experiment. The results show that only the controlled processes are involved in the mobilization of external strategies and in their effectiveness. Although seniors reported using external aids daily and frequently in the French Memory Compensation Questionnaire, we did not find this behavior to occur significantly in situation. In the end, these three studies allow us to consider the external memory compensation as a process that depends on self-initiation of cognitive resources, and to highlight the impact of various emotional and psycho affective factors in the perception that individuals have about their daily compensatory mode
Noiret, Nicolas. "Le contrôle cognitif des mouvements oculaires : influence du vieillissement, de la maladie d'Alzheimer et de la dépression". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC031/document.
Testo completoThis doctoral dissertation aimed at better characterizing the relations between eye movements and normal and pathological cognitive ageing on the one hand, and the oculomotor modifications related to Alzheimer's disease and depression – two pathologies sometimes clinically difficult to discriminate in the elderly person — on the other hand. Through a series of five experiments, we examined the relations between the decline of the cognitive control capacities associated with normal ageing and the age-related modifications of the ocular saccade parameters. In addition, we also precisely studied the characteristics of various saccade parameters and their relations with the deterioration of cognitive control, present in the Alzheimer's disease. The direct comparison of the oculomotor performances of patients suffering from the Alzheimer's disease and elderly patients suffering from depression allowed us to differentiate the oculomotor characteristics specific to the Alzheimer's disease from those specific to the depression. Lastly, we highlighted the specificity of the visual process of emotional faces among elderly patients suffering from depression.Globally, this work showed an influence of the cognitive decline related to the age, but also of the depression and Alzheimer's disease on the oculomotor performances. The information processing slowing seems to have an impact on the parameters of all the saccadic tasks. The latency and the number of erroneous saccades were associated with the inhibition capacities. The number and the time of correction of corrected saccades were rather related to the monitoring and flexibility abilities. The capacities of correction of erroneous saccades in depression were similar to those of normal ageing, but impaired in Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, the saccade latency appears to be more impacted by depression than by Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the emotional face processing revealed the presence of particular strategies among elderly patients suffering from depression – avoidance of the emotional facial features, except for happy faces – and which could be different from the alteration of the visual search previously found in Alzheimer's disease. Whether it be in saccade tasks or in visual exploration tasks, eye movements can reflect cognitive control and enable us to differentiate depression from Alzheimer’s disease
Lecomte, Vincent. "La Sénescence en milieu naturel : une étude pluridisciplinaire chez deux oiseaux marins longétifs, le grand Albatros et le Pétrel des neiges". Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Lecomte-Vincent/2010-Lecomte-Vincent-These.pdf.
Testo completoVery little is known on the deterioration of physiological and behavioural performances with age in wild animals. Given the multifaceted nature of senescence, identifying the effects of age on physiology and behaviour remains a challenging. We investigated the effects of age on a broad array of phenotypic traits in two long-lived seabirds, the Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (age 2–48+ years; Ile de la Possession, Southern Indian Ocean) and the Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea (age 7–46 years; Terre Adélie, Antarctica). We studied foraging behaviour using satellite tracking and miniaturized activity loggers, and monitored reproductive performance. An array of phenotypic traits (immune function, levels of oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, baseline hormonal levels, endocrine and cardiac stress responses) known to reflect senescence in vertebrates was also examined. In Wandering albatrosses, there was age related patterns in foraging behaviour, stress response and reproductive performance, but not in baseline physiology. There was an unexpected pattern of spatial segregation by age in the foraging areas of male albatrosses. Old males, but not females, travelled a greater distance but were less active at the sea surface, and exhibited low foraging efficiency, suggesting that foraging ability (i. E. The ability of individuals to extract energy from their environment) might play a central role in shaping ageing patterns in natural conditions. Moreover, the stress response of non-breeding males, but not breeding males, was affected by age, suggesting that age-related patterns are enhanced when individuals face ‘challenging’ conditions. In contrast, there was no detectable effect of age in females, suggesting that senescence rates are sex-specific in wild seabirds, as in humans an in laboratory model animals. In Snow Petrels, there was no detectable effect of age on PHA-induced immune response, PHA-induced hormone levels, chick growth or chick physiology, suggesting that physiological senescence is difficult to detect in this very long-lived seabird. Overall, our results highlight that age, gender, reproductive status and foraging ability interact in shaping ageing patterns in natural conditions, and suggest that long-lived seabirds maintain a high level of physiological fitness in old age, which supports the disposable soma theory
Uittenhove, Kim. "Effets de difficulté séquentielle stratégique: Etudes en cognition numérique". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759035.
Testo completoUittenhove, Kim. "Effets de difficulté séquentielle stratégique : études en cognition numérique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3129/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we defend the notion that cognitive resources available for strategy execution do not only depend on the participant and current task demands but also on prior task demands. Strategy performance should thus be less efficient when the previous strategy was difficult (i.e., sequential difficulty effects). The notion of sequential difficulty effects was tested in four experiments with computational estimation (i.e., estimating the solution to arithmetic problems by rounding the operands). We found that execution of a mixed-rounding strategy on two-digit addition problems (i.e., rounding one operand down and one operand up) was less efficient after an easy rounding-down strategy than after a difficult rounding-up strategy. Moreover, the effect was stronger in individuals with less efficient working-memory capacity and in Alzheimer patients. These results confirm the existence of strategy sequential difficulty effects and suggest that working memory is involved
Messe, Pierre-Jean. "Quatre essais sur les effets d'une hausse de l'âge de la retraite sur l'emploi". Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4020.
Testo completoThis thesis investigates the effect of an increase in the legal retirement age on employment through four original essays. First, using American data from the survey HRS, we show that a respondent, who feels that his employer adopts discriminatory attitudes toward older workers, may reduce his expected exit age. Furthermore, an employer may offer early retirement window to his older employees to force them to leave their job. Considering 2003 and 2008 French reforms, we set a tax levied on the amount of the financial incentives paid by the employer to his older workers. Using a matching model with endogenous job destruction, we highlight the fact that in the case of a high tax rate, postponing retirement leads firms to get rid of their older workers. In a second part of the thesis, we investigate the effect of an increase in the legal retirement age on youth employment. Considering an imperfect substitutability between older and younger workers in the labour market and using a synthetic firms approach we show empirically and theoretically that a fall in the exit rate of older workers may reduce the hiring rate among youngsters. Furthermore, employment rates among older and younger workers are linked through intergenerational transfers. So, using an overlapping generations model, we highlight the fact that the labour supply of the young increases with the time devoted by his older parents to look after their grandchildren, but an increase in the legal retirement age has an ambiguous effect on the amount of this transfer
Li, Na. "Programmation postnatale du risque cardio-métabolique : effets d'une restriction calorique modérée à l'âge adulte". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS017/document.
Testo completoPostnatal overfeeding (PNOF) in rodents induces early programming of cardio-metabolic risk. Our aim was to determine if a moderate diet restriction could restore cardio-metabolic alterations induced by PNOF.Immediately after birth, litters of C57BL/6 mice were either maintained at 9 (normal litter, NL), or reduced to 3 (small litter, SL) to induce PNOF. At weaning, all mice received a standard diet ad libitum (AL). At 6 month of age, half of the NL and SL mice were assigned to a moderate 20% calorie restriction (CR: NLCR, SLCR) for one month, while the other mice continued to eat AL (AL: NLAL, SLAL). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, cardiac function (echocardiography), body composition (Echo-MRI), cardiac sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion injury, mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (EPR spectroscopy) and insulin signaling were assessed before and/or after one month of CR.Adult SL mice presented overweight, fat accumulation, hyperleptinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). After one month of moderate CR, body weight of SLCR was normalized to this of NLAL however their fat mass and leptinemia were not decreased. Glucose metabolism was improved and LVEF was increased In SLCR. After 30 min of global ischemia, hearts isolated from SLCR mice showed better recovery and smaller infarct size than this of others groups. CR increased the cardiac mitochondrial respiratory rate in SLCR mice whereas cardiac ROS production was significantly decreased in SLCR mice. Insulin signaling in heart was affected neither by PNOF nor by CR. Intriguingly, no difference was observed in NLCR mice for most of the parameters investigated.Our results confirmed the programming of early overfeeding on metabolic and cardiac function. A short-term moderate CR in not only normalized body weight in SL mice but also ameliorate the metabolic programming and reverse the cardiac dysfunction induced by PNOF
Meunier, Sylvie. "Performances au test de Benton chez les personnes âgées en fonction de la profession exercée durant leur vie : analyse transversale des données initiales de la cohorte PAQUID". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M073.
Testo completoBurger, Lucile. "Effet de l'entraînement des fonctions exécutives sur l'utilisation appropriée de stratégies de mémoire au cours du vieillissement : étude comportementale et électrophysiologique". Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2022/document.
Testo completoThe main objective of this thesis was to test the efficiency of an executive training program and the transfer effects of this program on other cognitive functions, in particular episodic memory strategies and performance. The present work was based on behavioral and electrophysiological data. Practice effects of executive tests have been first tested in young and older adults. Two tests have been practiced across ten practice sessions, and the results showed that the executive functions scores increased after practice, more for the older adults than for the younger ones. In order to develop an executive training program requiring several different tests, we have created new executive tests. The psychometric validity of these tests has been verified and confirmed. These tests have been used for our executive program. Thus, if training effects appeared following this program, they will not be due to the practice of a unique test. Eight sessions of executive stimulation with our new tests have allowed older adults increasing their executive functioning, measured by tests which were different from those employed in the training program (near transfer effects). Other cognitive functions were also improved, as processing speed and episodic memory. For the first time in the literature, far transfer effect have been found memory strategy efficiency and memory performance. More especially, the older adults trained group used more efficient memory strategies (mental imagery or making sentence with the words to be learnt) after the executive training program, and these strategies were more efficient to recall the words. Thus, the memory performance was increased in this group, in comparison the older adults group who did not participate to the training program. At a cerebral level, the executive training seems to decrease the duration of the cerebral activity for the same memory task. However, these results must to be taken with caution and require further analyses to be interpreted correctly. The results of this thesis encourages the development of training programs for executive functions which allows the transfer effects to untrained tasks. These benefits also appear to modify the brain functioning, which implies a longer lasting benefit effect. This work supports the idea that a cognitively stimulating environment is in line with higher cognitive abilities and contributes to successful aging
Caldefie-Chézet, Florence. "Implication de la leptine dans la réponse métabolique et immunitaire à l'agression : effet de l'âge". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF1PP01.
Testo completo