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Luz, Alyne Leal de Alencar, Aline Silva-Costa, Elizabeth Leite Barbosa, Larissa Pruner Marques, Ester Paiva Souto e Rosane Harter Griep. "Função cognitiva e controle da pressão arterial em idosos hipertensos". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, n. 6 (giugno 2022): 2269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022276.18382021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo e analisar sua associação com o controle da pressão arterial em idosos hipertensos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 383 idosos hipertensos no estado do Piauí, Brasil. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, realizada aferição da pressão arterial e avaliação da função cognitiva utilizando o teste Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo foi de 74,4%, sendo maior na faixa etária entre 80 anos ou mais de idade e naqueles com menor escolaridade. A prevalência de pressão arterial não controlada foi de 61,6%, com maior proporção entre os idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. Observou-se associação entre o comprometimento cognitivo e pressão arterial não controlada (RPAjustada: 3,98; IC95% = 2,51-6,33). A associação significativa entre função cognitiva e controle pressórico sugere que comprometimento cognitivo é um importante fator de risco para pressão arterial não controlada em pessoas idosas. A inclusão de medidas de rastreamento para possíveis déficits cognitivos podem ser úteis para melhor monitoramento da elevação dos níveis pressóricos entre idosos hipertensos.
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Kunde, Wilfried, Heiko Reuss e Andrea Kiesel. "Consciousness and cognitive control". Advances in Cognitive Psychology 8, n. 1 (31 marzo 2012): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0097-x.
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ZHU, SONG. "UNRAVELING THE COGNITIVE MECHANISM OF EMOTIONAL VALIDITY IN CONFLICT CONTROL". International Journal of Prevention Practice and Research 04, n. 01 (10 gennaio 2024): 09–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/medscience-abcd631.
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Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying emotional validity in conflict control is crucial for elucidating how emotions influence decision-making and cognitive processing. Emotional validity refers to the congruence between emotional cues and task demands, impacting the allocation of attention and cognitive resources during conflict resolution. This paper reviews current research investigating the neural correlates and behavioral effects of emotional validity on conflict control processes. It examines how emotional stimuli modulate attentional bias, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility through interactions with brain regions implicated in emotion regulation and cognitive control. Furthermore, the paper discusses implications for cognitive theories of emotion-cognition interaction and potential applications in clinical and real-world settings.
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Manza, Peter, Ehsan Shokri-Kojori e Nora D. Volkow. "Reduced Segregation Between Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Cannabis Dependence". Cerebral Cortex 30, n. 2 (18 giugno 2019): 628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz113.
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Abstract Addiction is characterized by an erosion of cognitive control toward drug taking that is accentuated by negative emotional states. Here we tested the hypothesis that enhanced interference on cognitive control reflects a loss of segregation between cognition and emotion in addiction. We analyzed Human Connectome Project data from 1206 young adults, including 89 with cannabis dependence (CD). Two composite factors, one for cognition and one for emotion, were derived using principal component (PC) analyses. Component scores for these PCs were significantly associated in the CD group, such that negative emotionality correlated with poor cognition. However, the corresponding component scores were uncorrelated in matched controls and nondependent recreational cannabis users (n = 87). In CD, but not controls or recreational users, functional magnetic resonance imaging activations to emotional stimuli (angry/fearful faces > shapes) correlated with activations to cognitive demand (working memory; 2-back > 0-back). Canonical correlation analyses linked individual differences in cognitive and emotional component scores with brain activations. In CD, there was substantial overlap between cognitive and emotional brain–behavior associations, but in controls, associations were more restricted to the cognitive domain. These findings support our hypothesis of impaired segregation between cognitive and emotional processes in CD that might contribute to poor cognitive control under conditions of increased emotional demand.
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Sun, Ron, e Robert C. Mathews. "Implicit cognition, emotion, and meta-cognitive control". Mind & Society 11, n. 1 (15 febbraio 2012): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11299-012-0101-5.
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Palenciano, Ana F., Paloma Díaz-Gutiérrez, Carlos González-García e María Ruz. "Neural mechanisms of cognitive control / Mecanismos neurales de control cognitivo". Studies in Psychology 38, n. 2 (28 aprile 2017): 311–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1305060.
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Spanos, Nicholas P., T. X. Barber e Gerald Lang. "Cognition and self-control: Cognitive control of painful sensory input". Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science 40, n. 3 (luglio 2005): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03159708.
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Nazrien, Nazrien M. D., Novitri Novitri, Tertiano Prabowo e Farida Arisanti. "The Role of Cognition in Balance Control". OBM Neurobiology 08, n. 01 (17 febbraio 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401211.
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Balance is the ability to move and/or preserve a particular position while not falling under external force. Human balance is a complex process of integration and coordination of the sensory, motor, and biomechanical components, which is influenced by intrinsic and exogenous factors. One inherent factor that is hypothesized to have an impact on balance is cognition. However, studies about cognition's role in balance control are still limited, and study literature is needed to gain a better understanding. Cognition is involved in various thinking processes. Attention, memory, visuospatial, and executive functions are among the cognitive areas integrated with information processing in the processing of information, followed by a reaction that aims to preserve body balance and prevent falls. Cognition limitation has been linked to decreased function associated with gait alterations, mobility limitation, and increased risk of falling. Cognitive function impairments such as executive function (EF) limitations are thought to increase the risk of losing. Injury to the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum can also affect the cognitive function in balance. The role of cognition in maintaining physical balance is critical. Deficits in cognitive function caused by diseases or injuries will impact bodily balance control.
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Subramaniam, Savitha, Christina Wan-Ying Hui-Chan e Tanvi Bhatt. "Effect of dual tasking on intentional vs. reactive balance control in people with hemiparetic stroke". Journal of Neurophysiology 112, n. 5 (1 settembre 2014): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00628.2013.
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To examine the effect of a cognitive task on intentional vs. reactive balance control in people with hemiparetic stroke (PwHS). Community-dwelling PwHS ( n = 10) and healthy, age-similar controls performed two tests, which included the Limits of Stability Test (intentional control) and the Motor Control Test (reactive control), under single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions (addition of a cognitive task). Cognitive ability was measured on a word list generation task by recording the number of words enumerated in sitting (ST; for cognition) and during the balance tasks. The difference in response time between the ST and DT, defined as the “balance cost” was obtained [(ST − DT)/ST × 100] and compared between tests and across groups. The “cognitive cost” was similarly defined and compared. For both groups, the response time under DT condition was significantly greater for intentional than the reactive balance control task, leading to a higher balance cost for this task ( P < 0.05). However, the cognitive cost was significantly greater for the intentional than the reactive balance control task for only the PwHS. DT significantly affected intentional than reactive balance control for PwHS. The significant decrease in both balance and cognitive performance under DT compared with ST conditions during intentional balance control suggests sharing of attentional resources between semantic memory and intentional balance control. Decreased performance on the cognitive task only during the reactive balance test indicates possible central nervous system's prioritization of reactive balance control over cognition.
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Chrysikou, Evangelia G., Jared M. Novick, John C. Trueswell e Sharon L. Thompson-Schill. "The Other Side of Cognitive Control: Can a Lack of Cognitive Control Benefit Language and Cognition?" Topics in Cognitive Science 3, n. 2 (17 marzo 2011): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2011.01137.x.
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Peng, Ziyi, Lin Xu, Haiteng Wang, Tao Song, Yongcong Shao, Qingyuan Liu e Xiechuan Weng. "The Lateralization of Spatial Cognition in Table Tennis Players: Neuroplasticity in the Dominant Hemisphere". Brain Sciences 12, n. 12 (23 novembre 2022): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121607.
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Spatial cognition facilitates the successful completion of specific cognitive tasks through lateral processing and neuroplasticity. Long-term training in table tennis induces neural processing efficiency in the visuospatial cognitive processing cortex of athletes. However, the lateralization characteristics and neural mechanisms of visual–spatial cognitive processing in table tennis players in non-sport domains are unclear. This study utilized event-related potentials to investigate differences in the spatial cognition abilities of regular college students (controls) and table tennis players. A total of 48 participants (28 controls; 20 s-level national table tennis players) completed spatial cognitive tasks while electroencephalography data were recorded. Task performance was better in the table tennis group than in the control group (reaction time: P < 0.001; correct number/sec: P = 0.043), P3 amplitude was greater in the table tennis group (P = 0.040), spatial cognition showed obvious lateralization characteristics (P < 0.001), table tennis players showed a more obvious right-hemisphere advantage, and the P3 amplitude in the right hemisphere was significantly greater in table tennis athletes than in the control group. (P = 0.044). Our findings demonstrate a right-hemisphere advantage in spatial cognition. Long-term training strengthened the visual–spatial processing ability of table tennis players, and this advantage effect was reflected in the neuroplasticity of the right hemisphere (the dominant hemisphere for spatial processing).
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Oliver, Lindsay D., John D. Haltigan, James M. Gold, George Foussias, Pamela DeRosse, Robert W. Buchanan, Anil K. Malhotra e Aristotle N. Voineskos. "Lower- and Higher-Level Social Cognitive Factors Across Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Healthy Controls: Relationship With Neurocognition and Functional Outcome". Schizophrenia Bulletin 45, n. 3 (10 agosto 2018): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby114.
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Abstract Background Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) often feature social cognitive deficits. However, little work has focused on the factor structure of social cognition, and results have been inconsistent in schizophrenia. This study aimed to elucidate the factor structure of social cognition across people with SSDs and healthy controls. It was hypothesized that a 2-factor model, including lower-level “simulation” and higher-level “mentalizing” factors, would demonstrate the best fit across participants. Methods Participants with SSDs (N = 164) and healthy controls (N = 102) completed social cognitive tasks ranging from emotion recognition to complex mental state inference, as well as clinical and functional outcome, and neurocognitive measures. Structural equation modeling was used to test social cognitive models, models of social cognition and neurocognition, measurement invariance between cases and controls, and relationships with outcome measures. Results A 2-factor (simulation and mentalizing) model fit the social cognitive data best across participants and showed adequate measurement invariance in both SSD and control groups. Patients showed lower simulation and mentalizing scores than controls, but only mentalizing was significantly associated with negative symptoms and functional outcome. Social cognition also mediated the relationship between neurocognition and both negative symptoms and functional outcome. Conclusions These results uniquely indicate that distinct lower- and higher-level aspects of social cognition exist across SSDs and healthy controls. Further, mentalizing may be particularly linked to negative symptoms and functional outcome. This informs future studies of the neural circuitry underlying social cognition and the development of targeted treatment options for improving functional outcome.
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POPESCU, Maria Magdalena. "DISINFORMATION DECONSTRUCTEDCOGNITION SECURITY AND DIGITAL CONTROL". SERIES VII - SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW 14(63), n. 1 (26 giugno 2021): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.ssl.2021.14.63.1.12.
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Fake News and Deepfakes have lately been highlighted in informative videos, research papers and literature reviews as tools for disinformation, along with filter bubble and echo chamber, polarization and mistrust. To counteract the unconventional weapons of word and imagery, a new research area has been defined as cognition security, a transdisciplinary area to understand the threats hybrid wars currently make use of and to determine the proper measures against non-kinetic offensives. For this, data mining and deep analysis are performed with digital instruments in a cognitive security system. Defined by all these, the present paper deconstructs the terms in an experimental monitoring of the media, to connect the realm of Cognition Security to its instruments in Cognitive Security Key words: Fake news, deepfake, cognitive security, narrat
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Srivastava, Hemant, Allen Joop, Raima A. Memon, Jennifer Pilkington, Kimberly H. Wood, Marissa Natelson Love e Amy W. Amara. "Taking the Time to Assess Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: The Clock Drawing Test". Journal of Parkinson's Disease 12, n. 2 (15 febbraio 2022): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-212802.
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Background: Cognitive impairment is common and disabling in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cognitive testing can be time consuming in the clinical setting. One rapid test to detect cognitive impairment in non-PD populations is the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), which calls upon the brain’s executive and visuospatial abilities to draw a clock designating a certain time. Objective: Test the hypothesis that PD participants would perform worse on CDT compared to controls and that CDT would correlate with other measures of cognition. Methods: This study evaluated two independent CDT scoring systems and differences in CDT performance between PD (N = 97) and control (N = 54) participants using a two-sample t-test. Pearson’s correlations were conducted between the CDT and tests of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Test); executive function (Trails B-A); and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine cut points on the CDT that identify individuals who need additional cognitive testing. Results: PD participants had worse performance on CDT compared to controls. The CDT was correlated with executive function (Trails B-A) and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The CDT correlated with vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) only in healthy controls. However, the CDT was not correlated with measures of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) in either group. A cut point of 9 on the Rouleau scale and 18 on the Mendez scale identified PD participants with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The CDT is a rapid clinical cognitive assessment that is feasible in PD and correlates with other measures of cognition.
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Shende, Shraddha A., Lydia T. Nguyen, Elizabeth A. Lydon, Fatima T. Husain e Raksha A. Mudar. "Cognitive Flexibility and Inhibition in Individuals with Age-Related Hearing Loss". Geriatrics 6, n. 1 (5 marzo 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010022.
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Growing evidence suggests alterations in cognitive control processes in individuals with varying degrees of age-related hearing loss (ARHL); however, alterations in those with unaided mild ARHL are understudied. The current study examined two cognitive control processes, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition, in 21 older adults with unaided mild ARHL and 18 age- and education-matched normal hearing (NH) controls. All participants underwent comprehensive audiological and cognitive evaluations including Trail Making Test-B, Verbal Fluency, Stroop, and two Go/NoGo tasks. Group differences in cognitive flexibility and inhibition as well as associations between peripheral and central hearing ability and measures of cognitive flexibility and inhibition were investigated. Findings revealed that the ARHL group took significantly longer to complete the Stroop task and had higher error rates on NoGo trials on both Go/NoGo tasks relative to the NH controls. Additionally, poorer peripheral and central hearing were associated with poorer cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. Our findings suggest slower and more inefficient inhibitory control in the mild ARHL group relative to the NH group and add to decades of research on the association between hearing and cognition.
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Ng, Jody, Hoi Yan Chan e Frederike Schlaghecken. "Dissociating effects of subclinical anxiety and depression on cognitive control". Advances in Cognitive Psychology 8, n. 1 (31 marzo 2012): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0100-6.
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Resnik Robida, Karmen, Vida Ana Politakis, Aleš Oblak, Anka Slana Ozimič, Helena Burger, Zvezdan Pirtošek e Jurij Bon. "Detecting Subtle Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Normal Cognition: A Novel Cognitive Control Challenge Task (C3T)". Brain Sciences 13, n. 6 (16 giugno 2023): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13060961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often show early deficits in cognitive control, with primary difficulties in flexibility and relatively intact stable representations. The aim of our study was to assess executive function using an ecologically valid approach that combines measures of stability and flexibility. Fourteen patients without cognitive deficits and sixteen comparable control subjects completed a standardized neuropsychological test battery and a newly developed cognitive control challenge task (C3T). We found that the accuracy of C3T performance decreased with age in healthy participants and remained impaired in PD patients regardless of age. In addition, PD patients showed significantly lower overall performance for cognitive control tasks than healthy controls, even when they scored in the normal range on standardized neuropsychological tests. PD Patients responded significantly faster than healthy control subjects regarding flexible cognitive control tasks due to their impulsivity. Correlations showed that the C3T task targets multiple cognitive systems, including working memory, inhibition, and task switching, providing a reliable measure of complex cognitive control. C3T could be a valuable tool for characterizing cognitive deficits associated with PD and appears to be a more sensitive measure than standardized neuropsychological tests. A different assessment approach could potentially detect early signs of the disease and identify opportunities for early intervention with neuroprotective therapies.
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Braver, Todd S., e Deanna M. Barch. "A theory of cognitive control, aging cognition, and neuromodulation". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 26, n. 7 (novembre 2002): 809–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00067-2.
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Luijendijk, Maryse, Philippe Lee Meeuw Kjoe, Noor Wortelboer, Annemiek Van Ommen - Nijhof, Joost Agelink van Rentergem, Ivar Vermeulen, Inge Konings et al. "Cognitive function in patients with HR+ advanced breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy with or without CDK4/6 inhibitors in the SONIA trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, n. 16_suppl (1 giugno 2024): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.1016.
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1016 Background: Given the important role of estrogen in normal neuronal function, endocrine treatment for breast cancer may adversely affect cognition, including memory, planning and attention. Previous studies showed mixed results but were often underpowered. It is unknown whether CDK4/6 inhibitors have cognitive side effects. SONIA-EfFECT is a side-study of the SONIA trial that investigates cognitive functioning in HR+ advanced breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy with or without CDK4/6 inhibitors. Methods: Patients randomized in the SONIA trial to receive first-line treatment with aromatase inhibitors with (Arm A) or without (Arm B) CDK4/6 inhibition were approached to participate in the SONIA-EfFECT side-study. Patients were asked to identify a female relative or friend without cancer to serve as a cancer-free control. Both patients and controls were asked to complete the Amsterdam Cognition Scan, an online neuropsychological test battery, at baseline and after 9 months. Patients who switched to second-line treatment within nine months were not retested. To prevent confounding effects of imbalance in age, education, and computer use between patient groups and controls, propensity score matching was performed. Baseline cognitive function was assessed by converting raw test scores to standardized Z-scores adjusted for computer use, based on baseline performance in the matched control group. To investigate the effect of endocrine therapy ±CDK4/6 inhibitors over time, standardized regression-based change scores were computed based on baseline and follow-up performance in the matched control group. One-way analyses of variance were conducted to compare baseline performance and cognitive change between the two arms and the matched control group. Results: 260 patients (130 Arm A/130 Arm B) and 196 controls completed baseline assessments. A matched sample of 130 controls was selected. 199 patients (108 Arm A/91 Arm B) and 119 matched controls had complete follow-up assessments. Patients in both study arms performed significantly worse than the controls on the domains of verbal memory, working memory, processing speed, executive function, and motor function. In both patient arms and the controls, standardized regression-based change scores showed limited decline in cognitive function over the 9-month interval. Moreover, minimal differences in cognitive change were observed between the patients treated with and without CDK4/6 inhibitors, and between patients and the controls. Conclusions: HR+ advanced breast cancer patients show worse cognitive function on all cognitive domains compared to a control group without cancer. Nine months of treatment with endocrine therapy with or without CDK4/6 inhibitors does not further worsen cognitive function in this study. Clinical trial information: NCT03425838 .
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Trebbastoni, Alessandro, Letizia Imbriano, Livia Podda, Lidia Rendace, Maria Luisa Sacchett, Alessandra Campanelli, Fabrizia D’Antonio e Carlo de Lena. "Cognitive Training in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Findings of a 12-month Randomized Controlled Trial". Current Alzheimer Research 15, n. 5 (14 marzo 2018): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666171113105044.
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Background: Cognitive training (CT) is a non-pharmacological intervention based on a set of tasks that reflect specific cognitive functions. CT is aimed at improving cognition in patients with cognitive impairment, though no definitive conclusions have yet been drawn on its efficacy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a CT program designed to improve cognition in AD patients. Method: This is a randomized, controlled, single-blind, longitudinal trial with a no-treatment control condition in mild-to-moderate AD. Treated patients received in-group CT twice a week for six months, whereas controls did not. CT consisted of tasks ranging from paper-and-pencil to verbal-learning exercises. Participants' cognitive levels were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 6 months later by means of a complete neuropsychological test battery. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of time on the outcome measures, as well as to compare treated and untreated patients over time, with demographic data considered as covariates. Results: Of the 140 patients enrolled, 45 in the treated group and 85 controls concluded the study. The CT significantly improved treated subjects' cognitive functions immediately after the CT. Six months later, some test scores remained stable when compared with those obtained at baseline. The control group performed significantly worse than the treated group at each time-point, displaying a progressive cognitive decline over time. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CT may improve cognitive functions in patients with AD and may help to temporarily slow their cognitive decline.
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Araujo, Narahyana Bom de, Helena Sales Moraes, Heitor Silveira, Cynthia Arcoverde, Paulo Eduardo Vasques, Maria Lage Barca, Anne-Brita Knapskog et al. "Impaired cognition in depression and Alzheimer (AD): a gradient from depression to depression in AD". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 72, n. 9 (settembre 2014): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20140108.
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Objective To assess cognition in major depressed (MD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and depression in AD elderly. Method Subjects were evaluated by Mini Mental, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Rey Complex Figure, Digit Span, Similarities, Trail Making A/B, Verbal Fluency and Stroop. One-way ANOVA and multivariate models were used to compare the performance of each group on neuropsychological tests. Results We evaluated 212 subjects. Compared to MD, attention, working memory, processing speed and recall showed significantly better in controls. Controls showed significantly higher performance in all cognitive measures, except in attention compared to AD. Verbal fluency, memory, processing speed and abstract reasoning in MD was significantly higher compared to AD. AD was significantly better in general cognitive state than depression in AD. All other cognitive domains were similar. Conclusion A decreasing gradient in cognition appeared from the control to depression in AD, with MD and AD in an intermediate position.
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HOPYAN, TALAR, SUZANNE LAUGHLIN e MAUREEN DENNIS. "Emotions and Their Cognitive Control in Children With Cerebellar Tumors". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 16, n. 6 (4 ottobre 2010): 1027–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710000974.
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AbstractA constellation of deficits, termed the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), has been reported following acquired cerebellar lesions. We studied emotion identification and the cognitive control of emotion in children treated for acquired tumors of the cerebellum. Participants were 37 children (7–16 years) treated for cerebellar tumors (19 benign astrocytomas (AST), 18 malignant medulloblastomas (MB), and 37 matched controls (CON). The Emotion Identification Task investigated recognition of happy and sad emotions in music. In two cognitive control tasks, we investigated whether children could identify emotion in situations in which the emotion in the music and the emotion in the lyrics was either congruent or incongruent. Children with cerebellar tumors identified emotion as accurately and quickly as controls (p > .05), although there was a significant interaction of emotions and group (p < .01), with the MB group performing less accurately identifying sad emotions, and both cerebellar tumor groups were impaired in the cognitive control of emotions (p < .01). The fact that childhood acquired cerebellar tumors disrupt cognitive control of emotion rather than emotion identification provides some support for a model of the CCAS as a disorder, not so much of emotion as of the regulation of emotion by cognition. (JINS, 2010, 16, 1027–1038.)
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Castro, Pollyanna Celso F., Camila Catherine Aquino, André C. Felício, Flávia Doná, Leonardo M. I. Medeiros, Sônia M. C. A. Silva, Henrique Ballalai Ferraz, Paulo Henrique F. Bertolucci e Vanderci Borges. "Presence or absence of cognitive complaints in Parkinson’s disease: mood disorder or anosognosia?" Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 74, n. 6 (giugno 2016): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20160060.
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ABSTRACT We intended to evaluate whether non-demented Parkinsons’s disease (PD) patients, with or without subjective cognitive complaint, demonstrate differences between them and in comparison to controls concerning cognitive performance and mood. We evaluated 77 subjects between 30 and 70 years, divided as follows: PD without cognitive complaints (n = 31), PD with cognitive complaints (n = 21) and controls (n = 25). We applied the following tests: SCOPA-Cog, Trail Making Test-B, Phonemic Fluency, Clock Drawing Test, Boston Naming Test, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Beck Depression Inventory. PD without complaints presented lower total score on Scales for outcome of Parkinson’s disease-cognition as compared to controls (p = 0.048). PD with complaints group showed higher scores on HADS (p = 0.011). PD without complaints group showed poorer cognitive performance compared to controls, but was similar to the PD with complaints group. Moreover, this group was different from the PD without complaints and control groups concerning mood.
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Nedic Erjavec, Gordana, Matea Nikolac Perkovic, Lucija Tudor, Suzana Uzun, Zrnka Kovacic Petrovic, Marcela Konjevod, Marina Sagud et al. "Moderating Effects of BDNF Genetic Variants and Smoking on Cognition in PTSD Veterans". Biomolecules 11, n. 5 (26 aprile 2021): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050641.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently associated with cognitive disturbances and high prevalence of smoking. This study evaluated cognition in war veterans with PTSD and control subjects, controlled for the effect of smoking and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs6265 and rs56164415 genotypes/alleles. Study included 643 male war veterans with combat related PTSD and 120 healthy controls. Genotyping was done by real time PCR. Cognitive disturbances were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) cognition subscale and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test scores. Diagnosis (p < 0.001), BDNF rs56164415 (p = 0.011) and smoking (p = 0.028) were significant predictors of the cognitive decline in subjects with PTSD. BDNF rs56164415 T alleles were more frequently found in subjects with PTSD, smokers and non-smokers, with impaired cognition, i.e., with the higher PANSS cognition subscale scores and with the lower ROCF immediate recall test scores. Presence of one or two BDNF rs56164415 T alleles was related to cognitive decline in PTSD. The T allele carriers with PTSD had advanced cognitive deterioration in smokers and nonsmokers with PTSD, and worse short-term visual memory function. Our findings emphasize the role of the BDNF rs56164415 T allele and smoking in cognitive dysfunction in war veterans with PTSD.
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Huang, Yo-Ping, Avichandra Singh, Sheng Chen, Fang-Ju Sun, Chiu-Ron Huang e Shen-Ing Liu. "Validity of a Novel Touch Screen Tablet-Based Assessment for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Probable AD in Older Adults". Assessment 26, n. 8 (18 dicembre 2017): 1540–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191117748395.
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This study aimed to develop a psychometrically valid touch screen tablet-based cognitive test battery to identify early cognitive impairment due to dementia in older adults. The battery includes eight tests with 13 subscores, evaluating visual attention, auditory attention, information processing speed, visual memory, motor control, and visuospatial perception. Among the participants, 43 had been diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 36 with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD); 41 had no cognitive impairment. The average time to administer the tablet-based tests was 10 minutes. Significant correlations with the Mini-Mental State Examination were found in 9 out of 13 subscores. Patients with probable AD scored significantly lower than controls in 8 out of 13 subscores, whereas those with MCI scored significantly lower in 4 out of 13 subscores. Confirmatory factor analysis using Promax rotation showed that four factors caused lower subscores in the MCI group compared with the controls: information processing speed, memory, visuospatial perception, and motor control. All four factors significantly discriminated the controls from the MCI and probable AD groups, and in the expected direction. The touch screen tablet-based cognitive test battery is psychometrically valid for evaluating cognition in older adults.
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Brown, Joshua W., e William H. Alexander. "Foraging Value, Risk Avoidance, and Multiple Control Signals: How the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Controls Value-based Decision-making". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, n. 10 (ottobre 2017): 1656–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01140.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent work on the role of the ACC in cognition has focused on choice difficulty, action value, risk avoidance, conflict resolution, and the value of exerting control among other factors. A main underlying question is what are the output signals of ACC, and relatedly, what is their effect on downstream cognitive processes? Here we propose a model of how ACC influences cognitive processing in other brain regions that choose actions. The model builds on the earlier Predicted Response Outcome model and suggests that ACC learns to represent specifically the states in which the potential costs or risks of an action are high, on both short and long timescales. It then uses those cost signals as a basis to bias decisions to minimize losses while maximizing gains. The model simulates both proactive and reactive control signals and accounts for a variety of empirical findings regarding value-based decision-making.
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Sachdeva, Rahul, Feng Gao, Chetwyn C. H. Chan e Andrei V. Krassioukov. "Cognitive function after spinal cord injury". Neurology 91, n. 13 (29 agosto 2018): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006244.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ObjectiveTo systematically examine the incidence of cognitive impairment in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as identify potential contributing and confounding factors.MethodsStudies quantitatively reporting cognitive ability after spinal cord injury were searched electronically via Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO. Manual screening for references within articles was also performed. A total of 2,481 studies were screened and a total of 70 were included in this review, 21 reporting cognitive function after SCI compared to an able-bodied control group and 49 with no able-bodied controls. Studies were analyzed for the incidence of impairment and the interactions with concomitant traumatic brain injury, psychological or somatic complaints, decentralized cardiovascular control, sleep apnea, neurologic level of injury, and age.ResultsThere is a high volume of evidence reporting substantial cognitive impairment in individuals with SCI. Potential co-contributors include concomitant brain injury, psychological or somatic comorbidities, decentralized cardiovascular control, and sleep apnea. Cognitive functioning was negatively correlated with age. No clear agreement was found for the incidence of cognitive impairment or its association with level of injury.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests that individuals with SCI should be examined and addressed for cognitive impairment. Future studies aimed at identifying potential secondary causative factors should employ stringent controls for co-occurring brain trauma since it appears to be a major contributor and confounder to impaired cognition.
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Alpua, Murat, Ucler Kisa, Ercan Tekin e Ufuk Ergun. "Relationship between Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Neurogranin Levels and Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis". Journal of Medical and Health Studies 5, n. 1 (5 febbraio 2024): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmhs.2024.5.1.6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disorder, and cognitive problems occur in the early and late phases of the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurogranin levels and cognition in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty-three patients and 25 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurogranin (NRGN) levels were determined on blood samples from patients and controls. Disease duration and EDSS scores of patients were recorded, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scale was used for cognitive assessment. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of serum NRGN and GFAP levels. MOCA scores were lower in the patient group than in the healthy control group. No statistically significant correlation was found between NRGN and GFAP serum levels and MOCA scores. Our study showed that there was no statistically significant association between serum NRGN and GFAP levels and cognition in MS patients. This study is the first to examine serum GFAP and NRGN levels in the context of cognition in MS.
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Meltzer, Herbert Y. "Beyond Control of Acute Exacerbation: Enhancing Affective and Cognitive Outcomes". CNS Spectrums 8, S2 (novembre 2003): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900008142.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTFrom the perspective of efficacy, the main advantages of the group of new antipsychotic drugs, including ziprasidone, clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone, are their ability to improve cognitive function. Other advantages are more selective, eg, clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, while the advantages for positive and negative symptoms in neuroleptic responsive patients are modest and sometimes difficult to demonstrate. The advantage for cognitive function is important because of abundant evidence that cognitive function is a key predictor of work and social function acquisition. The drug-induced cognitive improvement can synergize with typical rehabilitation programs and more experimental cognitive retraining programs to optimize these areas of improvement. Improved cognition also has implications for better compliance and decreased caretaker burden. It is also important to consider the efficacy of antipsychotics to improve mood and negative symptoms and to provide a biological framework for their ability to achieve these advantages over typical neuroleptic drugs. This article will provide new data on efficacy of this class of drugs relative to each other and to typical neuroleptics. Current theories linking efficacy in cognition to unique effects on cortical dopaminergic and cholinergic function and improved patterns of connectivity in the brain during cognitive task performance will be discussed. Finally, pharmacologic strategies to augment affect and cognitive improvements due to the new antipsychotic drug therapies will be discussed.
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Souza, Maria de Fátima Dias de, Maíra Glória de Freitas Cardoso, Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira, Natália Pessoa Rocha, Talita Hélen Ferreira e. Vieira, Alberlúcio Esquirio Pessoa, Vinicius Sousa Pietra Pedroso et al. "Clinical correlates of social cognition after an ischemic stroke: preliminary findings". Dementia & Neuropsychologia 15, n. 2 (aprile 2021): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-020010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT. The co-occurrence of post-stroke behavioral disorders and cognitive impairment has been extensively investigated. However, studies usually do not include social cognition among the assessed cognitive domains. Objective: To investigate the potential association between facial emotion recognition, a measure of social cognition, and behavioral and cognitive symptoms in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke. Methods: Patients admitted to a Stroke Unit with ischemic stroke were followed up to 60 days. At this time point, they were evaluated with the following tools: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB); Visual Memory Test of the Brief Cognitive Battery (VMT); Phonemic Verbal Fluency (F-A-S Test); Digit Span; Facial Emotion Recognition Test (FERT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A control group composed of 21 healthy individuals also underwent the same evaluation. Results: Eighteen patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled in this study. They had similar age, sex and schooling years compared to controls. Depression symptoms and episodic memory deficits were significantly more frequent in patients compared to controls. The recognition of sadness expression positively correlated with the levels of anxiety and depression, while and the recognition of fear expression negatively correlated with depression in the stroke group. Conclusions: After an ischemic stroke, patients exhibit impairment in social cognition skills, specifically facial emotion recognition, in association with behavioral symptoms.
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Hamidi, Farideh, e Farnaz Iman Shoar. "Cognitive Control and Judicial Bias of Adolescents with and without Internet Addiction: A Comparative Study". Addiction Research and Adolescent Behaviour 5, n. 3 (29 aprile 2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2688-7517/041.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cognitive control is the intrapersonal conflicts between logic and lust, cognition and incentive, planning and internal action, which results in the dominance of the first part of each pair over the second part. A cognitive bias refers to a type of cognitive vulnerability in information processing. Today, the Internet has tied with human life, but addiction to the internet has adverse effects on people especially adolescents who have no skill in cognitive control. This study aimed to determine the difference between cognitive control and judicial bias in two groups of adolescents with and without internet addiction. The population consisted of male and female second-grade high school students in district 2 of Tehran in 2020-2021. The sample size was 16000 students. 18 schools were selected using the random clustering sampling method. The research tools were the Young internet addiction test (1999), Grasmic et al (1993) self-control scale, and Foa et al (1996) negative social probability scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS 26 using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results showed that the total mean score of cognitive control in the groups of adolescents with internet addiction was lower than adolescents without internet addiction. The comparison of subscales indicated that, except for the subscale of Preferences for physical activities, there were significant differences in the subscales of impulsiveness, convenience, risk-taking, self-centeredness, and expressing anger (P≤0.01). The mean scores of these variables were higher in the group of adolescents with internet addiction. Regarding the variable of judicial bias, the Mann-Whitney U test showed that the mean scores of the adolescents with internet addiction were higher than those of the adolescents without internet addiction, and the addicted adolescents showed more judicial biases (P≤0.01). The results revealed the requirement to perform strategies to prevent and cope with internet addiction.
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Nudelman, Kelly, Kwangsik Nho, Michael Zhang, Brenna C. McDonald, Wanting Zhai, Brent J. Small, Claire E. Wegel et al. "Genetic Variants Associated with Longitudinal Cognitive Performance in Older Breast Cancer Patients and Controls". Cancers 15, n. 11 (23 maggio 2023): 2877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15112877.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: There have been no published genome-wide studies of the genetics of cancer- and treatment-related cognitive decline (CRCD); the purpose of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with CRCD in older female breast cancer survivors. Methods: Analyses included white non-Hispanic women with non-metastatic breast cancer aged 60+ (N = 325) and age-, racial/ethnic group-, and education-matched controls (N = 340) with pre-systemic treatment and one-year follow-up cognitive assessment. CRCD was evaluated using longitudinal domain scores on cognitive tests of attention, processing speed, and executive function (APE), and learning and memory (LM). Linear regression models of one-year cognition included an interaction term for SNP or gene SNP enrichment*cancer case/control status, controlling for demographic variables and baseline cognition. Results: Cancer patients carrying minor alleles for two SNPs, rs76859653 (chromosome 1) in the hemicentin 1 (HMCN1) gene (p = 1.624 × 10−8), and rs78786199 (chromosome 2, p = 1.925 × 10−8) in an intergenic region had lower one-year APE scores than non-carriers and controls. Gene-level analyses showed the POC5 centriolar protein gene was enriched for SNPs associated with differences in longitudinal LM performance between patients and controls. Conclusions: The SNPs associated with cognition in survivors, but not controls, were members of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family, that play important roles in cell signaling, cancer risk, and neurodegeneration. These findings provide preliminary evidence that novel genetic loci may contribute to susceptibility to CRCD.
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Eslami Shahrbabaki, Mahin, Delaram Barfehie, Shahrzad Mazhari, Atefeh Ahmadi e Shahideh Shafiee. "Comparing Cognitive Functions in Patients with Schizophrenia and Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis with Healthy Controls". Addiction and Health 14, n. 4 (29 ottobre 2022): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ahj.2022.1143.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: There are similar findings about the similarities and differences of cognitive dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia and methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MIP). This study aimed to compare cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and MIP patients, using a performance-based cognitive assessment battery and an interview-based assessment of cognition. Methods: Three groups participated in this study including, (a) 30 patients with MIP, (b) 30 patients with schizophrenia, and (c) 30 healthy individuals. All participants received the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), a standardized performance-based cognitive battery, the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), and the interview-based assessment of cognition. Findings: Both groups of patients with schizophrenia and MIP performed poorly on all the BACS cognitive domains compared with the healthy controls. The two patient groups were significantly different on the three BACS subscales including verbal fluency, verbal memory, and speed of information processing. Schizophrenia patients performed worse than the MIP group concerning these three subscales. However, the two patient groups were similar in executive function, working memory, and motor speed. Moreover, the SCoRS-informant, SCoRS-global, and PANSS-negative significantly differed between schizophrenia and MIP patients. Conclusion: Although cognitive dysfunctions are mostly similar in patients with MIP and schizophrenia, there are some differences especially in the functions related to prefrontal and temporal lobes.
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Luks, Tracy, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Christina Weyer-Jamora, Melissa Brie, Ellen Smith, Steve Braunstein, Paige Bracci, Susan Chang, Shawn Hervey-Jumper e Jennie Taylor. "NIMG-14. RESTING STATE EXECUTIVE CONTROL AND SALIENCE NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IN CLINICALLY STABLE LOWER GRADE GLIOMA COVARIES WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE". Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (2 novembre 2021): vi130—vi131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.514.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract BACKGROUND Survival outcomes for patients with lower grade gliomas (LrGG) are improving. However, injury from tumor growth and consequences of treatment often leads to impaired cognition, particularly in cognitive domains reliant on distributed functional networks and intact white-matter tracts. Resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is a method of investigating the integrity of these functional networks. METHODS This study investigated rsfMRI connectivity in 21 patients with clinically stable LrGG compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls, and associated imaging measures with cognitive outcomes. Data were acquired for 12 cognitive tests administered within one week of imaging. RsfMRI and T1-weighted images for 21 research controls were acquired from OpenNeuro datasets. RsfMRI data were processed and analyzed using the CONN toolbox using CONN’s standard regions of interest (ROI) for the 8 canonical networks as seeds, and cognitive test scores as covariates, with a threshold for T tests of p< .001 uncorrected. RESULTS Median age was 48 years old (range 27-67). There were 6 astrocytomas, IDHmut; 3 astrocytomas IDH-wt, 8 oligodendrogliomas, and 4 NOS. Thirteen had left hemisphere tumors (8 frontal, 3 parietal, 2 temporal), and 6 right (5 frontal, 1 temporal). Fourteen had previously recieved radiotherapy. There was significantly lower connectivity in frontoparietal executive control and the salience networks in LrGG patients versus controls. Within patients, lower executive control network connectivity covaried with worse performance on executive measures (FAS, Tower of London, Trails-A, Animal Naming, FrSBe), and attention and working memory measures (Digit Symbol, HVLT). Lower salience network connectivity covaried with poorer performance on executive measures (FrSBe, FAS) and attention and working memory measures (Digit Span, HVLT, WAIS-WM). CONCLUSION In clinically stable LrGG, rsfMRI measures of network connectivity are potentially useful markers to monitor and track, given the concordance with cognition, and could help guide cognitive assessment and rehabilitation.
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Haykin, Simon, Mehdi Fatemi, Peyman Setoodeh e Yanbo Xue. "Cognitive Control". Proceedings of the IEEE 100, n. 12 (dicembre 2012): 3156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2215773.
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Esch, Jim. "Cognitive control". Proceedings of the IEEE 100, n. 12 (dicembre 2012): 3154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2219193.
Testo completo
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Al-Tamimi, Abdulla Isa, Noof Sami Aljirdabi, Sayed Mohammed Hashem AlMosawi, Fatema Ahmed Kamal, Faisal Ahmed Falamarzi, Nardeen Abdulaziz Alkhowaiter, Amer Kamal AlAnsari e Nasreen Abdulkarim Al-Sayed. "Assessment of Cognitive Function in Diabetic Patients – A Case-Control Study". Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 34, n. 2 (2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/jbms.34_2022_2_2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Diabetes mellitus results from defects in insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action, or both. Hyperglycemia causes small vessel diseases and thus affects the retina, kidneys, and nerves. An effect of diabetes that is not entirely understood is cognitive dysfunction. Methods: This case-control study aimed to study the cognitive function of the participants, which included 25 diabetics and 72 without diabetes as per the inclusion exclusion criteria. Participants underwent assessment of cognition by 3MS exam, and personal data was collected. 23 participants were excluded by the exclusion criteria. Age, gender, comorbidities, education, and HbA1C were correlated with the scores. The data were analyzed by Excel version 2013. Results: The group with diabetes showed a significant decrease in 3MS scores in comparison to the control group (90.11 ± 0.75 in controls versus 86.27 ± 1.24 in patients with diabetes, p < 0.05). People with diabetes of higher age groups scored significantly lower than the control of higher age groups (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between cognitive scores and dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes and control samples (87 ±2.03 in patients with diabetes group with dyslipidemia versus 92.50 ± 2.09 in the control group with dyslipidemia, p< 0.05). Undergraduate controls scored higher than patients with diabetes undergraduates, p < 0.05. The correlation with gender as well as HbA1c was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: It has been established that diabetes decreases cognitive function. It is important to highlight the importance of testing cognitive function routinely in patients with diabetes to prevent further complications by early detection and management. Keywords: 3MS, Cognitive function, Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c, Hyperglycemia
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Haykin, Simon. "Cognitive Dynamic Systems". International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 5, n. 4 (ottobre 2011): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2011100103.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main topics covered in this paper address the following four issues: 1) Distinction between how adaptation and cognition are viewed with respect to each other, 2) With human cognition viewed as the framework for cognition, the following cognitive processes are identified: the perception-action cycle, memory, attention, intelligence, and language. With language being outside the scope of the paper, detailed accounts of the other four cognitive processes are discussed, 3) Cognitive radar is singled out as an example application of cognitive dynamic systems that “mimics” the visual brain; experimental results on tracking are presented using simulations, which clearly demonstrate the information-processing power of cognition, and 4) Two other example applications of cognitive dynamic systems, namely, cognitive radio and cognitive control, are briefly described.
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Jain, Akhilesh, Shyam Sunder, Nitesh Jain, Neelam Yadav, Ashok Saini e Kuldeep S. Yadav. "Study of cognitive functions and their association with depression in type II diabetes mellitus". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, n. 6 (giugno 2024): 2323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1150_23.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Introduction: Individuals with diabetes have higher risk of developing depression, cognitive impairment, and dementia compared to those who do not have diabetes. The present study aims to assess the level of cognitive functions and the presence of depression in diabetes patients and healthy controls. The study also explores the level of cognition among the normal control, diabetes without depression, and diabetes with depression. Methods: In the present study, the presence of depression and the level of cognitive functions of 59 cases of diabetes mellitus type-2 were compared with an age- and gender-matched control group of 40 individuals. Clinical and demographic details were recorded on a semi-structured performa. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were applied to both diabetes patients and healthy controls to assess the level of cognitive functions and the presence of depression, respectively. Results: On applying odds ratio (OR), it was observed in the present study that there were 93.50% more chances [OR 1.935 with 95% confidence interval (CI) being 0.481–7.789] of depression among diabetic cases as compared to the control group. Similarly, the chance of MoCA score being less than 26 was twice among the diabetic group as compared to the control group (OR 2.208 with 95% CI being 0.702–6.946). On application of the Chi-square test, the association of depression was significant with HBA1C level, level of education, and presence of complications. Conclusions: Patients with diabetes had almost double the risk of developing depression and poor cognitive functions as compared to the healthy control. High HbA1C level, level of education, and presence of complication in diabetes had a positive statistical association with depression. Thus, it is advisable to investigate patients with diabetes for the presence of depression and cognitive dysfunction by applying simple tools.
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Liu, Yin Allison, Orwa Aboud, Megan Daly, Orin Bloch e Glenn Yiu. "NCOG-15. A PILOT STUDY ON RETINAL FEATURES AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH LOW GRADE GLIOMAS". Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (1 novembre 2022): vii200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.768.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract BACKGROUND Retinal structure and vascular changes are used as biomarkers for preclinical Alzheimer disease. We conducted a cohort study to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining these data in patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) who completed chemoradiation therapy with and without self or family reported cognitive concerns. METHODS Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCTA, OptoVue, Inc.) images were obtained from 6 LGG patients and 2 healthy controls using 4.5 x 4.5 mm peripapillary and 6x6 mm macular scan patterns. We measured OCTA parameters including radial peripapillary capillary density for the peri-optic disc region, whole macular density, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). RESULTS We analyzed two eyes of two control subjects, an LGG patient with normal cognition, and 5 LGG patients with cognitive impairment (mean age 45 years, range of 3 months to 10 years after chemoradiation). Both controls had normal eye exams. Average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was thinner in patients with and without cognitive dysfunction (104 um and 106 um, respectively) than controls (123 um). A similar pattern was seen in macula thickness (283 um and 290 um vs. 325 um). The average peripapillary vessel densities were lower in patients with and without cognitive dysfunction (47.7% and 48.3%, respectively) than controls (51.9%). The whole macular vessel densities were similar in three groups (46.7 %, 48.0%, and 48.0 %). Average FAZs were larger in patients with cognitive dysfunction (0.254 mm2) than the patient with normal cognition (0.204 mm2) and controls (0.226 mm2). CONCLUSIONS Retinal architecture and microvascular changes measured by OCT/OCTA is feasible in LGG patients after chemoradiation. A larger prospective study is needed to investigate the role of OCT/OCTA in detecting peripapillary and perifoveal changes in brain tumor patients with treatment-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Corbera, Silvia, Bruce E. Wexler, Satoru Ikezawa e Morris D. Bell. "Factor Structure of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: Is Empathy Preserved?" Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/409205.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Social cognitive impairments are core features of schizophrenia and are closely associated with poor functional outcome. This study sought to identify specific aspects of social cognition and their relationships to measures of social function, quality of life, and neurocognition. Principal component analysis was performed using social cognitive measures in patients with schizophrenia and healthy matched controls and revealed three factors: Interpersonal Discomfort, Basic Social Cognition, and Empathy. Patients had higher scores on Interpersonal Discomfort and lower scores on Basic Social Cognition than controls, but the two groups were the same on Empathy. Lower social performance was significantly correlated with poor Basic Social Cognition in patients and with high Interpersonal Discomfort in controls. While neurocognition was significantly associated with Basic Social Cognition in both groups, it was not associated with Empathy. Social cognitive interventions should emphasize improving basic social cognitive processing deficits, managing Interpersonal Discomfort, and utilizing preserved capacity for empathy as a potential strength in social interactions.
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Eisenreich, Benjamin R., Rei Akaishi e Benjamin Y. Hayden. "Control without Controllers: Toward a Distributed Neuroscience of Executive Control". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, n. 10 (ottobre 2017): 1684–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01139.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Executive control refers to the regulation of cognition and behavior by mental processes and is a hallmark of higher cognition. Most approaches to understanding its mechanisms begin with the assumption that our brains have anatomically segregated and functionally specialized control modules. The modular approach is intuitive: Control is conceptually distinct from basic mental processing, so an organization that reifies that distinction makes sense. An alternative approach sees executive control as self-organizing principles of a distributed organization. In distributed systems, control and controlled processes are colocalized within large numbers of dispersed computational agents. Control then is often an emergent consequence of simple rules governing the interaction between agents. Because these systems are unfamiliar and unintuitive, here we review several well-understood examples of distributed control systems, group living insects and social animals, and emphasize their parallels with neural systems. We then reexamine the cognitive neuroscience literature on executive control for evidence that its neural control systems may be distributed.
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Zhang, Anna Y., Shiyu Lu, Tianyin Liu, Dara K. Y. Leung, Gloria H. Y. Wong e Terry Y. S. Lum. "Cognitive Changes in Older Adults Following a Stepped Care Intervention for Late-life Depression". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2021): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Older adults with depression may manifest cognitive decline and treating depression may maintain or improve cognition. However, cognitive outcomes could be overlooked in non-pharmacological interventions for depression. This analysis investigated cognitive changes in a stepped-care intervention (Clinical Trial ID: NCT03593889) and the potential association with individual depressive symptom change. The community-dwelling older adults at risk of or with depressive symptoms without significant cognitive impairment (n=802) were assigned to intervention group (n=644) and control group (n=138). Depressive symptoms and cognitive functions were measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Cognitive Montreal Assessment-5 minutes protocol, respectively. Paired-t-Test showed significant improvements in overall cognition and attention in both intervention and control groups, but the improvements of language fluency (Intervention: MD=-0.51 p<0.01; control: MD=0.14, p=0.500) and orientation (Intervention: MD=-0.22 p<0.05; control: MD=-0.11, p=0.229) only displayed in intervention group. As control group had better cognition at baseline, linear mixed-effects model analysis was used to compare between-group difference. Intervention group had no significant cognitive improvement after adjusting the covariates but a potential improvement in language fluency (Coef. =0.442, SE=0.247, p=0.074). A linear regression analysis in intervention group indicated that reduction of concentration problem (β=0.106, p<0.05) and retardedness (β=0.117, p<0.01) under the symptomatology of depression were associated with the improvement of language fluency. In this group of older persons without significant cognitive impairment, there is no clear evidence of global cognitive benefits in a stepped care depression intervention, although there may be improvements in certain cognitive domains, which may be related to improvements in cognitive aspects of depression.
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Chan, Jess C. S., Julie C. Stout, Christopher A. Shirbin e Adam P. Vogel. "Listener Detection of Objectively Validated Acoustic Features of Speech in Huntington’s Disease". Journal of Huntington's Disease 11, n. 1 (1 marzo 2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jhd-210501.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Subtle progressive changes in speech motor function and cognition begin prior to diagnosis of Huntington’s disease (HD). Objective: To determine the nature of listener-rated speech differences in premanifest and early-stage HD (i.e., PreHD and EarlyHD), compared to neurologically healthy controls. Methods: We administered a speech battery to 60 adults (16 people with PreHD, 14 with EarlyHD, and 30 neurologically healthy controls), and conducted a cognitive test of processing speed/visual attention, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) on participants with HD. Voice recordings were rated by expert listeners and analyzed for acoustic and perceptual speech features. Results: Listeners perceived subtle differences in the speech of PreHD compared to controls, including abnormal pitch level and speech rate, reduced loudness and loudness inflection, altered voice quality, hypernasality, imprecise articulation, and reduced naturalness of speech. Listeners detected abnormal speech rate in PreHD compared to healthy speakers on a reading task, which correlated with slower speech rate from acoustic analysis and a lower cognitive performance score. In early-stage HD, continuous speech was characterized by longer pauses, a higher proportion of silence, and slower rate. Conclusion: Differences in speech and voice acoustic features are detectable in PreHD by expert listeners and align with some acoustically-derived objective speech measures. Slower speech rate in PreHD suggests altered oral motor control and/or subtle cognitive deficits that begin prior to diagnosis. Speakers with EarlyHD exhibited more silences compared to the PreHD and control groups, raising the likelihood of a link between speech and cognition that is not yet well characterized in HD.
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Cabrera, B., M. Bioque, R. Penadés, A. González-Pinto, M. Parellada, J. Bobes, A. Lobo, B. García-Bueno, J. C. Leza e M. Bernardo. "Cognition and psychopathology in first-episode psychosis: are they related to inflammation?" Psychological Medicine 46, n. 10 (8 aprile 2016): 2133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716000659.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundCognitive deficits are present from the onset of psychosis and are considered a core feature of the disorder. Increasing evidence suggests that cognitive function is associated with inflammatory processes. This study evaluated the association between cognition and inflammatory biomarkers in first-episode psychosis (FEP), in order to identify cognitive phenotypes from inflammatory expression profiles.MethodA case-control study of 92 FEP patients and 80 matched controls was used. Neurocognitive assessment, including verbal ability, sustained attention, verbal memory, working memory and executive function, was performed. The expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of the main intracellular inflammatory pathway was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma.ResultsFEP patients performed worse in all cognitive domains compared to controls and had higher expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and lower expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. In the FEP group, cognition and psychopathology were associated with inflammation. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that association between the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 and sustained attention on one hand, and COX-2 expression and executive function on the other, were statistically significant.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence for an association between anti-inflammatory biomarkers and cognition in FEP. The identification of a subgroup of patients based on these measures could be useful to guide treatment programmes by providing tools to select a personalized treatment approach, but longitudinal studies are needed before. In the future, establishment of biomarkers linked to cognition would be useful to monitor the course of cognitive impairment, but substantially more data will be required. Determination of IκBα, the inhibitory protein of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NFκB, could be useful in early phases to assess clinical severity.
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Kilian, S., L. Asmal, B. Chiliza, MR Olivier, L. Phahladira, F. Scheffler, S. Seedat, SR Marder, MF Green e R. Emsley. "Childhood adversity and cognitive function in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls: evidence for an association between neglect and social cognition". Psychological Medicine 48, n. 13 (22 dicembre 2017): 2186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717003671.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractBackgroundChildhood adversity is associated with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. However, findings to date are inconsistent and little is known about the relationship between social cognition and childhood trauma. We investigated the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect and cognitive function in patients with a first-episode of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder (n = 56) and matched healthy controls (n = 52). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing this relationship in patients and controls exposed to similarly high levels of trauma.MethodsPearson correlational coefficients were used to assess correlations between Childhood Trauma Questionnaire abuse and neglect scores and cognition. For the MCCB domains displaying significant (p < 0.05) correlations, within group hierarchical linear regression, was done to assess whether abuse and neglect were significant predictors of cognition after controlling for the effect of education.ResultsPatients and controls reported similarly high levels of abuse and neglect. Cognitive performance was poorer for patients compared with controls for all cognitive domains except working memory and social cognition. After controlling for education, exposure to childhood neglect remained a significant predictor of impairment in social cognition in both patients and controls. Neglect was also a significant predictor of poorer verbal learning in patients and of attention/vigilance in controls. However, childhood abuse did not significantly predict cognitive impairments in either patients or controls.ConclusionThese findings are cross sectional and do not infer causality. Nonetheless, they indicate that associations between one type of childhood adversity (i.e. neglect) and social cognition are present and are not illness-specific.
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Maria Isabel, C. R., C. R. Manuel, M. Andrea e R. V. Miguel. "How Could Affect Stress, PEP and Sex in Working Memory?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (aprile 2017): S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.304.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundThe first episode of psychosis is a crucial period when early intervention can alter the trajectory of the young person's ongoing mental health and general functioning. Cognitive abilities are nuclear for the social recovery. Stress impairs higher cognitive processes, dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and that involve maintenance and integration of information over extended periods, including working memory and attention. Different mechanism are involved such as HPA-Axis hyperactivity, affecting PFC. Recently, investigations show the different evolution of cognitive abilities between different sex in WM.MethodsA sample of 41 FEPs and 39 healthy subjects were evaluated. The variables assessed were verbal and visual memory, attention, working memory, processing speed, mental flexibility, verbal fluency, motor coordination, planning ability and intelligence.ResultsWe found an interaction between age (< 16 years and > 16 years) and group (psychosis vs. controls) in working memory (P = 0.04). There were no difference in men < 16 years old control group and men with same age plus psychosis (5.87 ± 1.57 vs. 5.83 ± 1; P = 0.1) in WM. However, this work was found to be significantly different in the univariant analysis of working memory in the group < 16 years old women control (7.30 ± 1.56) and women psychosis group (5.61 ± 1.91).ConclusionSocial cognition and stress seem to be directly relation. Some studies show that stress enhance cognition performance in men while impairing it in women. Stress affect a variety of cognitive processes such attention and working memory. Deficit in social cognition are present in the prodromal phases of psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Khalil, M. A., A. A. Saleh, N. M. El-Fayoumy e S. M. Gohar. "Social and nonsocial cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia: A comparative neuropsychological and neurophysiological study". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (aprile 2017): s817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1589.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia suffer from cognitive deficits in seven domains in addition to social cognition. P300 latency and amplitude have been linked in these patients to the basic cognitive deficits.ObjectivesComparing patients suffering from schizophrenia with matched healthy subjects as regards auditory event related potential tests as measured by P300.Subjects and methodsFifty-two subjects were divided into 2 groups: group (A): 27 patients with schizophrenia according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-text revised (DSM-IV TR). Those with current substance use, psychiatric disorders or organic disorders were excluded. Group (B): 25 healthy control subjects with negative history of substance and psychiatric disorders. Patients were assessed using Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) for severity of psychotic symptoms, Addenbrook's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) for basic cognitive, reading the mind in the eye test for social cognition, P300 and electro-encephalography (EEG)ResultsThe two groups were different significantly in ACE total and its subtests measuring attention-orientation, memory, language, visuospatial and reading the mind in the eye test for social cognition scores with patients showing lower scores (P = 0.000, 0.012, 0.000, 0.038, 0.041 and 0.001 respectively). Control group had higher amplitude of P300 and shorter latency than patients (P = 0.003 and 0.005 respectively). P300 amplitude correlated positively with visuospatial memory (P = 0.015). PANSS general pathology scale correlated positively with duration of untreated psychosis (P = 0.029) and with fluency (P = 0.047).ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia differ from controls in P300.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Matallana, Diana, Juanita Gempeler Rueda, Maritza Rodríguez Guarín, Pilar Otero, Diana Giraldo Arango, María Poveda, Nina Rangel-Gamboa e Hernando Santamaría-García. "Processing of novel stimuli as cognitive remediation therapy in patients with eating disorder / Procesamiento de estímulos novedosos como terapia de remediación cognitiva en pacientes con trastorno alimentario". Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios 9, n. 1 (19 aprile 2018): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2018.1.446.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Previous studies have shown the usefulness of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) in patients with eating disorders (ED). The objective of this study was to assess a new cognitive technique called "With the head in the clouds" (WHC). A total of 22 women with ED (13 with anorexia nervosa and 9 with bulimia nervosa), between 14 and 29 years (M = 19.0, SD = 3.4), completed the six group sessions of this technique. Under a design pre-post intervention, participants were assessed in: visuo-constructive functions (Copy of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure [CRCF]), creative thinking (Torrance Creative Thinking Test [TCTT]), cognitive flexibility (CRCF and TCTT) and cognitive control (Stroop Test). The intervention improved different cognitive domains, such as: greater global coherence, creative thinking and resistance to closure, as well as less fragmentation. Based on CRT, aimed at stimulating the new processing of visual stimuli, the technique WHC showed an improvement in some of the cognitive processes involved in the onset of symptoms in patients with ED. Resumen Estudios previos han indicado la utilidad de la terapia de remediación cognitiva (TRC) en pacientes con trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar una nueva técnica de innovación cognitiva llamada “Con la cabeza en las nubes” (CCN). Participaron 22 mujeres con TCA (13 con anorexia nerviosa y 9 con bulimia nerviosa), de entre 14 y 29 años de edad (M = 19.0, DE = 3.4), quienes completaron las seis sesiones grupales de que consta dicha técnica. Bajo un diseño pre-post intervención, las participantes fueron evaluadas en cuanto a: funciones viso-constructivas (Copia de la Figura Compleja de Rey-Osterrieth [CFCR]), pensamiento creativo (Test de Pensamiento Creativo de Torrance [TPCT]), flexibilidad cognitiva (CFCR y TPCT) y control cognitivo (Test de Stroop). La intervención generó una mejora en distintos dominios cognitivos, como son: mayor coherencia global, pensamiento creativo y resistencia al cierre, así como menor fragmentación. Basada en la TRC, encaminada a estimular el procesamiento novedoso de estímulos visuales, la técnica CCN mostró mejorar algunos de los procesos cognitivos implicados en la generación de los síntomas de pacientes con TCA.
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Lam, M., S. L. Collinson, G. K. Eng, A. Rapisarda, M. Kraus, J. Lee, S. A. Chong e R. S. E. Keefe. "Refining the latent structure of neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia". Psychological Medicine 44, n. 16 (22 maggio 2014): 3557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714001020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background.Elucidating the cognitive architecture of schizophrenia promises to advance understanding of the clinical and biological substrates of the illness. Traditional cross-sectional neuropsychological approaches differentiate impaired from normal cognitive abilities but are limited in their ability to determine latent substructure. The current study examined the latent architecture of abnormal cognition in schizophrenia via a systematic approach.Method.Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out on a large neuropsychological dataset including the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test, and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence matrix reasoning derived from 1012 English-speaking ethnic Chinese healthy controls and 707 schizophrenia cases recruited from in- and out-patient clinics.Results.An initial six-factor model fit cognitive data in healthy and schizophrenia subjects. Further modeling, which accounted for methodological variance between tests, resulted in a three-factor model of executive functioning, vigilance/speed of processing and memory that appeared to best discriminate schizophrenia cases from controls. Factor analytic-derived g estimands and conventionally calculated g showed similar case–control discrimination. However, agreement analysis suggested systematic differences between both g indices.Conclusions.Factor structures derived in the current study were broadly similar to those reported previously. However, factor structures between schizophrenia subjects and healthy controls were different. Roles of factor analytic-derived g estimands and conventional composite score g were further discussed. Cognitive structures underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may prove useful for interrogating biological substrates and enriching effect sizes for subsequent work.