Bibliografie tematiche / Cognitice control

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cognitice control"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 20 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cognitice control"

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Luz, Alyne Leal de Alencar, Aline Silva-Costa, Elizabeth Leite Barbosa, Larissa Pruner Marques, Ester Paiva Souto e Rosane Harter Griep. "Função cognitiva e controle da pressão arterial em idosos hipertensos". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, n. 6 (giugno 2022): 2269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022276.18382021.

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Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo e analisar sua associação com o controle da pressão arterial em idosos hipertensos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 383 idosos hipertensos no estado do Piauí, Brasil. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, realizada aferição da pressão arterial e avaliação da função cognitiva utilizando o teste Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo foi de 74,4%, sendo maior na faixa etária entre 80 anos ou mais de idade e naqueles com menor escolaridade. A prevalência de pressão arterial não controlada foi de 61,6%, com maior proporção entre os idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. Observou-se associação entre o comprometimento cognitivo e pressão arterial não controlada (RPAjustada: 3,98; IC95% = 2,51-6,33). A associação significativa entre função cognitiva e controle pressórico sugere que comprometimento cognitivo é um importante fator de risco para pressão arterial não controlada em pessoas idosas. A inclusão de medidas de rastreamento para possíveis déficits cognitivos podem ser úteis para melhor monitoramento da elevação dos níveis pressóricos entre idosos hipertensos.
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Kunde, Wilfried, Heiko Reuss e Andrea Kiesel. "Consciousness and cognitive control". Advances in Cognitive Psychology 8, n. 1 (31 marzo 2012): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0097-x.

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ZHU, SONG. "UNRAVELING THE COGNITIVE MECHANISM OF EMOTIONAL VALIDITY IN CONFLICT CONTROL". International Journal of Prevention Practice and Research 04, n. 01 (10 gennaio 2024): 09–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/medscience-abcd631.

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Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying emotional validity in conflict control is crucial for elucidating how emotions influence decision-making and cognitive processing. Emotional validity refers to the congruence between emotional cues and task demands, impacting the allocation of attention and cognitive resources during conflict resolution. This paper reviews current research investigating the neural correlates and behavioral effects of emotional validity on conflict control processes. It examines how emotional stimuli modulate attentional bias, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility through interactions with brain regions implicated in emotion regulation and cognitive control. Furthermore, the paper discusses implications for cognitive theories of emotion-cognition interaction and potential applications in clinical and real-world settings.
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Manza, Peter, Ehsan Shokri-Kojori e Nora D. Volkow. "Reduced Segregation Between Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Cannabis Dependence". Cerebral Cortex 30, n. 2 (18 giugno 2019): 628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz113.

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Abstract Addiction is characterized by an erosion of cognitive control toward drug taking that is accentuated by negative emotional states. Here we tested the hypothesis that enhanced interference on cognitive control reflects a loss of segregation between cognition and emotion in addiction. We analyzed Human Connectome Project data from 1206 young adults, including 89 with cannabis dependence (CD). Two composite factors, one for cognition and one for emotion, were derived using principal component (PC) analyses. Component scores for these PCs were significantly associated in the CD group, such that negative emotionality correlated with poor cognition. However, the corresponding component scores were uncorrelated in matched controls and nondependent recreational cannabis users (n = 87). In CD, but not controls or recreational users, functional magnetic resonance imaging activations to emotional stimuli (angry/fearful faces > shapes) correlated with activations to cognitive demand (working memory; 2-back > 0-back). Canonical correlation analyses linked individual differences in cognitive and emotional component scores with brain activations. In CD, there was substantial overlap between cognitive and emotional brain–behavior associations, but in controls, associations were more restricted to the cognitive domain. These findings support our hypothesis of impaired segregation between cognitive and emotional processes in CD that might contribute to poor cognitive control under conditions of increased emotional demand.
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Sun, Ron, e Robert C. Mathews. "Implicit cognition, emotion, and meta-cognitive control". Mind & Society 11, n. 1 (15 febbraio 2012): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11299-012-0101-5.

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Palenciano, Ana F., Paloma Díaz-Gutiérrez, Carlos González-García e María Ruz. "Neural mechanisms of cognitive control / Mecanismos neurales de control cognitivo". Studies in Psychology 38, n. 2 (28 aprile 2017): 311–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1305060.

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Spanos, Nicholas P., T. X. Barber e Gerald Lang. "Cognition and self-control: Cognitive control of painful sensory input". Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science 40, n. 3 (luglio 2005): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03159708.

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Nazrien, Nazrien M. D., Novitri Novitri, Tertiano Prabowo e Farida Arisanti. "The Role of Cognition in Balance Control". OBM Neurobiology 08, n. 01 (17 febbraio 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401211.

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Balance is the ability to move and/or preserve a particular position while not falling under external force. Human balance is a complex process of integration and coordination of the sensory, motor, and biomechanical components, which is influenced by intrinsic and exogenous factors. One inherent factor that is hypothesized to have an impact on balance is cognition. However, studies about cognition's role in balance control are still limited, and study literature is needed to gain a better understanding. Cognition is involved in various thinking processes. Attention, memory, visuospatial, and executive functions are among the cognitive areas integrated with information processing in the processing of information, followed by a reaction that aims to preserve body balance and prevent falls. Cognition limitation has been linked to decreased function associated with gait alterations, mobility limitation, and increased risk of falling. Cognitive function impairments such as executive function (EF) limitations are thought to increase the risk of losing. Injury to the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum can also affect the cognitive function in balance. The role of cognition in maintaining physical balance is critical. Deficits in cognitive function caused by diseases or injuries will impact bodily balance control.
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Subramaniam, Savitha, Christina Wan-Ying Hui-Chan e Tanvi Bhatt. "Effect of dual tasking on intentional vs. reactive balance control in people with hemiparetic stroke". Journal of Neurophysiology 112, n. 5 (1 settembre 2014): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00628.2013.

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To examine the effect of a cognitive task on intentional vs. reactive balance control in people with hemiparetic stroke (PwHS). Community-dwelling PwHS ( n = 10) and healthy, age-similar controls performed two tests, which included the Limits of Stability Test (intentional control) and the Motor Control Test (reactive control), under single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions (addition of a cognitive task). Cognitive ability was measured on a word list generation task by recording the number of words enumerated in sitting (ST; for cognition) and during the balance tasks. The difference in response time between the ST and DT, defined as the “balance cost” was obtained [(ST − DT)/ST × 100] and compared between tests and across groups. The “cognitive cost” was similarly defined and compared. For both groups, the response time under DT condition was significantly greater for intentional than the reactive balance control task, leading to a higher balance cost for this task ( P < 0.05). However, the cognitive cost was significantly greater for the intentional than the reactive balance control task for only the PwHS. DT significantly affected intentional than reactive balance control for PwHS. The significant decrease in both balance and cognitive performance under DT compared with ST conditions during intentional balance control suggests sharing of attentional resources between semantic memory and intentional balance control. Decreased performance on the cognitive task only during the reactive balance test indicates possible central nervous system's prioritization of reactive balance control over cognition.
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Chrysikou, Evangelia G., Jared M. Novick, John C. Trueswell e Sharon L. Thompson-Schill. "The Other Side of Cognitive Control: Can a Lack of Cognitive Control Benefit Language and Cognition?" Topics in Cognitive Science 3, n. 2 (17 marzo 2011): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2011.01137.x.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Cognitice control"

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Schultheis, Holger. "Computational cognitive modeling of control in spatial cognition". Lengerich Berlin Bremen Miami, Fla. Riga Viernheim Wien Zagreb Pabst Science Publ, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998029661/04.

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Soncin, Lisa Dounia. "Trouble de stress post-traumatique dans les épilepsies pharmaco-résistantes de l'adulte : Vers un modèle multidimensionnel de la psychoépileptogénèse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2012.

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L'épilepsie est associée à des troubles psychiatriques comorbides, parmi lesquels le trouble anxieux généralisé et la dépression, qui impactent encore plus négativement la qualité de vie que les crises elles-mêmes. Il a été montré que l'épilepsie à elle seule ne peut expliquer le niveau de comorbidité psychiatrique qui serait avant tout associé à des expositions traumatiques dans l'enfance. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'étudier l'exposition traumatique et les symptômes de trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) chez les patients atteints d'épilepsie pharmaco-résistante (EPR). Cinq études ont été menées afin de répondre à nos objectifs. (1) Nous décrivons que les patients avec une EPR rapportent significativement plus de symptômes de TSPT comparativement à des participants contrôles. Puis nous documentons la spécificité du tableau clinique du TSPT et du traumatisme psychologique dans l'épilepsie : nous objectivons notamment une association entre ces symptômes et les manifestations sémiologiques subjectives vécues au cours des crises d'épilepsie. (2) Faisant suite à la première, cette étude a cherché à établir si cette prévalence du TSPT est liée à l'épilepsie ou plutôt au fait de vivre avec une maladie chronique. Nous avons comparé l'exposition traumatogène, le TSPT, les comorbidités psychiatriques, la qualité de vie, la régulation émotionnelle entre les patients avec une épilepsie et les participants de deux groupes atteints d'une autre maladie chronique : le diabète de type 1 (DT1) et la fibrillation auriculaire (FA). Nous montrons que les patients avec une épilepsie rapportent plus de symptômes de TSPT, d'anxiété, de dépression, de dissociation, ainsi qu'une moins bonne qualité de vie et davantage de difficultés de régulation émotionnelle que les deux autres groupes. Nous avons également étudié la capacité de contrôle volontaire que les patients peuvent exercer sur les symptômes de leur maladie, et dans quelle mesure cette capacité peut être influencée par le TSPT, et favorisée par la capacité à réguler ses émotions. (3) Pour tenter de rendre compte de l'association TSPT-EPR, outre la sémiologie, nous avons étudié les aspects cognitifs associés, notamment l'aspect de contrôle perçu des crises d'épilepsie. Nous mettons en évidence l'implication du contrôle cognitif et du contrôle perçu, qui sont influencés par les symptômes de TSPT et de dissociation. Nous montrons notamment que l'hypervigilance favorise le contrôle des crises et que les patients EPR avec un TSPT rapportent mieux réussir à éviter leurs crises que ceux sans TSPT. (4) Pour étudier l'association TSPT-EPR sur le plan cérébral, nous avons analysé les différences de réponses métaboliques en Tomographie par émission de positrons (TEPScan) chez les patients avec une épilepsie temporale pharmaco-résistante (EtPR) selon qu'ils présentent un passé psychotraumatique (de nature complexe) et/ou des symptômes de TSPT, ou non. Les résultats ont montré un hypométabolisme temporal polaire interne droit chez les patients avec un passé traumatique et des symptômes de TSPT. (5) Enfin, nous avons analysé la connectivité fonctionnelle grâce au Stéréoélectroencéphalogramme (SEEG) chez les patients avec une épilepsie temporale pharmaco-résistante (EtPR), avec et sans TSPT, et nous montrons chez les patients avec un TSPT seulement une augmentation de la connectivité dans l'hémisphère où se situe la zone épileptogène et, a contrario, une diminution de la connectivité dans l'hémisphère opposé, ce qui suggère une association physiologique entre le TSPT et l'épilepsie. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse sont originaux et pionniers concernant le TSPT associé à l'épilepsie. Nous proposons un modèle du TSPT dans l'épilepsie en synthèse de ce travail de recherche, en présentant le concept de psychoépileptogène qui désigne l'association entre le stress intense (TSPT) et l'épilepsie, et en intégrant les aspects sémiologiques, cognitif et cérébraux qui soutiennent cette association
Epilepsy can give rise to various comorbid psychiatric disorders, notably generalized anxiety disorder and depression, which exert a more detrimental impact on quality of life than the seizures themselves. It has been demonstrated that epilepsy alone cannot fully account for the extent of psychiatric comorbidity, primarily associated with early traumatic exposures. The primary objective of this PhD is to investigate traumatic exposure and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Five studies were conducted to achieve these goals: (1) We report, for the first time, that patients with DRE exhibit significantly more PTSD symptoms compared to control participants. Subsequently, we describe the specificity of the clinical presentation of PTSD and psychological trauma in epilepsy, emphasizing an association between these symptoms and the subjective semiological manifestations experienced during epileptic attacks. (2) As a follow-up to the initial study, we sought to determine whether the prevalence of PTSD is linked to epilepsy or living with a chronic disease. We compared traumatic exposure, PTSD, psychiatric comorbidities, quality of life, and emotional regulation between patients with epilepsy and two groups with other chronic diseases: type 1 diabetes (1TD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients with epilepsy reported significantly higher exposure, more PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, dissociation, as well as poorer quality of life and greater difficulties with emotional regulation than both other groups. Additionally, we explored the voluntary capacity (perceived control) that patients can exert over their disease symptoms and investigated the extent to which these capacities may be impacted by psychiatric symptoms and PTSD, as well as fostered by the ability to regulate one's emotions. (3) To further understand the PTSD-DRE association, in addition to the semiological studies, we examined associated cognitive aspects, particularly focusing on the perceived control of epileptic seizures. We demonstrate the involvement of cognitive control and perceived control influenced by PTSD and dissociation symptoms. Notably, hypervigilance was found to promote seizure control with patients having PTSD reporting better success in avoiding seizures than those without PTSD. (4) To explore the PTSD-DRE association at the cerebral level, we studied metabolic responses using Positron Emission Tomography (PETScan) from patients with drug-resistant temporal epilepsy (tDRE). Our data revealed right medial temporal hypometabolism in patients with a complex traumatic history and PTSD symptoms. (5) Subsequently, we analyzed functional connectivity (FC) using Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) in patients with tDRE (temporal drug-resistant epilepsy) with and without PTSD, showing an increase in FC in patients with PTSD in the hemisphere where the epileptogenic zone is located and a corresponding decrease in the opposite hemisphere. This suggests a physiological association between PTSD and epilepsy. The results of this PhD work are groundbreaking and original in understanding PTSD associated with epilepsy and potentially extend to a broader understanding of chronic diseases. We propose a model of PTSD in the DRE as a synthesis of all this research work, introducing the concept of psychoepileptogenic, which signifies the association between intense stress (PTSD) and epilepsy by integrating semiological, cognitive, and cerebral aspects supporting this association
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Morcom, Alexandra. "The role of executive control in task switching". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/d1108d24-de51-45e7-b3fe-49bdde78bacf.

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This thesis addressed the question of whether global, 'executive' control processes are involved in switching between discrete cognitive tasks. The involvement of executive working memory processes in the control of switching was examined, using a combination of cognitive and cognitive neuropsychological methods. In all studies, participants switched unpredictably between two simple tasks, and in some cases they also performed concurrent tasks. The focus throughout was on two putative areas of executive control that may influence task switching, goal-directed advance processing, and the suppression of interference between tasks. The first series of experiments explored whether the central executive of working memory is required to prepare for a task switch, but found no evidence that this is the case, whether an endogenous or an exogenous method of task cueing is used. The possibility was then raised that cognitive control does not just operate when the task switches, and a further study showed that this is, indeed, the case. However, two experiments using different task cueing methods did not reveal any evidence that executive processes in working memory carry out this control. It did, however, appear that the central executive is required for overall task performance, as opposed to task switching, when the method of cueing requires that participants keep track of and update information about which task is to be performed. The final study examined task switching and executive function in a group of patients with damage to the frontal lobes, and to posterior areas of the brain. Although a number of participants showed evidence of executive deficits, they had no difficulty in switching in a speeded response task. In conclusion, it is argued that local, rather than global, control processes are involved in switching tasks in the present paradigm, and implications are discussed for theories and investigation of executive control. 2
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Brandmeyer, Tracy. "Etude du rôle des oscillations dans les états attentionnels endogènes et exogènes : les nouvelles méthodes en neurophénoménologie". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30026/document.

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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse vise à nous amener à une meilleure compréhension des relations fines entre ce que nous expérimentons phénoménologiquement sous la forme d'états mentaux, et les effets sous-jacents et potentiellement causaux sur l'activité neuronale. Afin d'étendre notre compréhension scientifique de l'expérience consciente, nous avons d'abord mis l'accent sur un phénomène appelé la pensée spontanée ou vagabondage de l'esprit. Notre paysage intérieur est un aspect essentiel et complexe de notre expérience humaine, avec des recherches suggérant que les gens sont engagés dans une forme de dialogue intérieur sans rapport avec leur environnement immédiat 50% de leur temps de veille. De plus, le vagabondage de l'esprit a constamment été associé à un affect négatif, même lorsque son contenu est positif. Il est alors intéressant de noter que les fondements de la plupart des pratiques méditatives et contemplatives sont la formation de l'observation flexible et continue des états mentaux et de l'expérience sensorielle, le développement d'une attention soutenue et la culture de la conscience métacognitive. Étant donné que nous ne sommes généralement pas au courant de la fluctuation temporelle de ces états mentaux dans le temps (vagabondage de l'esprit), les méditants sont des sujets idéaux pour obtenir de manière précise des rapports phénoménologiques et des descriptions des états à la première personne. Ainsi, nous avons conçu un paradigme nouveau basé sur présentation de sondage d'expérience aux méditants afin de mieux comprendre les mesures dynamiques de l'EEG (Electroencéphalographie) pendant la méditation. Nos résultats suggèrent que la pratique experte de méditation est associée à une fréquence atténuée de la pensée spontanée et que l'entraînement à la méditation réduit par la suite la susceptibilité de l'esprit à errer, menant à des périodes d'absorption méditative rapportées comme étant plus longues. Les augmentations de l'activité thêta (4-7 Hz) sur les régions thêta frontales médianes ainsi que l'activité alpha (9-12 Hz), principalement focalisée sur le cortex somatosensoriel, semblent être des marqueurs d'états méditatifs soutenus par rapport au vagabondage mental. Sur la base de la robustesse de l'activité thêta de la ligne médiane frontale chez les méditants avancés, ainsi qu'une multitude de résultats démontrant que l'activité thêta frontale serait le pilier du contrôle cognitif via l'intégration et l'échange d'informations de longue portée, nous avons développé un protocole de neurofeedback méthodologiquement nouveau et exhaustif dans le but d'entraîner l'activité thêta (3.5-6.5 Hz) de la ligne médiane frontale Fz, en donnant comme instruction à nos sujets de s'engager dans des techniques de respiration et de relaxation similaires à la méditation. Nous avons constaté que les sujets qui ont reçu le vrai neurofeedback ont été capables de moduler significativement leur activité thêta Fz (3-7 Hz) à travers huit séances de neurofeedback par rapport aux sujets contrôles qui ont reçu un feedback apparié. Nous avons également observé des modulations significatives dans les bandes de fréquences alpha (9-11 Hz) et bêta (13-20 Hz) chez les sujets qui ont reçu l'entraînement réel de neurofeedback, ainsi que des améliorations sur plusieurs mesures des fonctions exécutives. Nos résultats réduisent davantage l'écart explicatif en reliant caractéristique neurophysiologique et données à la nature phénoménologique de notre experience
The work presented in this thesis aims to extend our scientific understanding of the subtle relationships between our phenomenological experience of specific states of consciousness, and the corresponding and potentially causal effects on neural activity. In our first experiment, we focused on a phenomenon referred to as spontaneous thought or mind wandering. Our vastly complex inner landscape is an essential aspect of our conscious experience, with research suggesting that people are engaged in some form of inner dialogue unrelated to their surroundings 50% of waking hours. These ongoing trains of thought have been consistently linked to reports of negative affect, even when the specific content is positive. Interestingly, the cornerstones of most meditation and contemplative practices are; a) training the continuous and flexible monitoring of mind wandering and sensory experience, b) the cultivation of sustained attention, and c) enhanced metacognitive awareness. Given that we are generally unaware of mind wandering when it occurs, meditation practitioners may provide more accurate first person phenomenological reports and descriptions of these temporally fluctuating states given their respective training. Thus, we designed a novel paradigm based on experience sampling probe presentations to gain insight into the dynamic measures of mental activity and EEG during meditation. Our findings suggest that meditation expertise is associated with an attenuated frequency of mind wandering, and that meditation training reduces the susceptibility of the mind to wander subsequently leading to longer periods of reported meditative absorption. Increases in theta activity (4-7 Hz) over frontal midline regions of the cortex, and alpha activity (9-12 Hz) primarily focused over the somatosensory cortex, appear to be markers of sustained meditative states when compared to mind wandering. Based on the robustness of the frontal midline theta in advanced meditators, alongside a multitude of findings demonstrating that frontal theta may serve as the backbone for cognitive control via long range information integration in neural networks throughout the brain, we then developed a methodologically novel and exhaustive neurofeedback protocol with the aim of training frontal midline theta (3.5-6.5 Hz at electrode site Fz) by means of instructing our subjects to engage in focused breathing and other techniques similar to meditation. After eight training sessions, we found that subjects who received real neurofeedback were able to significantly modulate and increase theta activity (3-7 Hz) over frontal regions, whereas subject's receiving age and gender matched sham (pseudo) feedback were not. We additionally observed significant modulations in both the alpha (9-11 Hz) and beta bands (13-20 Hz) in subjects who received real neurofeedback training. Together, these findings provide evidence that we can successfully connect neurophysiological features and data to the phenomenological nature of our subjective experience
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Noonan, Krist Anthony. "Conceptualising the void : Bridging the gap between semantic cognition and cognitive control". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517858.

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Dodd, Jessica Amen Alexandra Fineman Stephanie. "Mechanisms of self-regulation associations between cognitive control and emotion regulation /". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1427.

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Amen, Alexandra. "Monitoring the mind the relationship between individual differences in cognitive control and emotion regulation /". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1428.

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Hutcheon, Thomas Gordon. "Assessing the Durablity and Time Course of Stimulus-driven Control". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51840.

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The term cognitive control refers to a variety of mental processes that support goal-directed behavior. In the current dissertation, I focus on the role of cognitive control in situations where a weaker (but task-relevant) source of information must be selected over a stronger (but task-irrelevant) source of information. The efficiency with which individuals select information in the face of distraction has classically been viewed as a function of static control settings tied to task instructions. Recent evidence suggests, however, that variations in the efficiency of cognitive control can be induced by variations in stimulus experience and that multiple control settings may be maintained for a single task. To date, little is known about the mechanisms that support this more flexible form of control. Across six experiments, I find evidence for the formation of multiple control settings that are relatively long lasting but fragile. Multiple control settings can be maintained within a single experiment and can last over relatively long periods of time, however, without the proper contextual support these control settings fall apart. These results emphasize the important role of stimulus experience in studies of cognitive control.
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Ezzedine, Nour. "Exploration de la relation entre le contrôle cognitif et le contrôle des langues dans l'aphasie bilingue". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU20113.

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La production orale bilingue fait appel à des mécanismes de contrôle qui sont impliqués dans la gestion des interférences causées par la coexistence de deux systèmes linguistiques (Green, 1986). Il est supposé que ces mécanismes de contrôle sont perturbés chez des personnes bilingues présentant une aphasie (Green, 1986 ; Pitres, 1895). Ce constat a été établi par l’observation de la manifestation clinique de l’aphasie bilingue : certains modes de récupération non parallèle ou la présence de code-switchings involontaires et pathologiques (Paradis, 1977). L’objectif de notre étude est d’explorer la relation entre le contrôle cognitif et le contrôle des langues constatée chez les bilingues aphasiques et d’en déterminer la nature. Dix-neuf sujets ont participé à notre étude : 10 patients bilingues aphasiques et 9 participants contrôles appariés selon l’âge, le niveau d’étude et le bilinguisme. Tous les participants sont bilingues francophones (L2) avec des L1 variables. Nous avons utilisé un questionnaire évaluant le bilinguisme (dominance, efficience et habitudes d’utilisation du code-switching avant la lésion cérébrale), des tâches évaluant les trois composantes de fonctions exécutives de nature verbale et non verbale et trois épreuves évaluant le contrôle des langues : le discours, les fluences verbales et l’évaluation des compétences translinguistiques.Des analyses de groupes mettent en évidence une différence entre les deux groupes de participants aux épreuves évaluant le contrôle cognitif de nature verbale uniquement ainsi qu’aux épreuves évaluant le contrôle des langues (fluences verbales et compétences translinguistiques). Ces résultats suggèrent une dissociation entre les deux domaines du contrôle chez les patients bilingues aphasiques. Toutefois, l’analyse des profils individuels de chaque patient souligne l’importance de nuancer ces résultats et de prendre en compte les modes de récupération des patients, la sévérité de l’aphasie et les habitudes prélésionnelles de code-switching. Cette thèse permet de formuler des perspectives de recherche clinique visant à améliorer l’étude du contrôle des langues chez des patients cérébrolésés en phase aiguë et élaborer des interventions fondées sur des preuves empiriques et adaptées au profil des patients
In bilingual oral production different control mechanisms are involved in managing interference caused by the coexistence of two linguistic systems (Green, 1986). It is assumed that these control mechanisms are disrupted in bilingual aphasia (Green, 1986; Pitres, 1895). This has been established through observation of the clinical manifestation of bilingual aphasia revealing the presence of non-parallel recovery patterns or involuntary and pathological code-switching (Paradis, 1977). The objective of our study is to explore the relationship between cognitive control and language control observed in bilingual aphasia, as well as to determine its nature. Nineteen subjects participated in our study: 10 bilingual aphasic patients and 9 control participants matched on age, level of education and bilingualism. All participants were bilingual L2 French speakers with different L1s. As for the material, a questionnaire was used to assess bilingualism (dominance, proficiency and code-switching habits before the brain lesion), while the three components of the executive functions were assessed through verbal and non-verbal tasks. Moreover, language control was evaluated through speech, verbal fluency and cross-language skills. Group analyses revealed a difference between the two participant groups in tasks assessing verbal cognitive control and in tasks assessing language control (verbal fluency and cross-language skills). These results suggest a dissociation between the two domains of control in bilingual aphasic patients. However, the analysis of individual patient profiles underlines the importance of qualifying these results and taking into account the patients’ recovery patters, the severity of the aphasia as well as the code-switching habits prior to lesion. The present thesis allows us to formulate perspectives for clinical research improving the study of language control in acutely brain-injured patients and to develop interventions based on empirical evidence and adapted to the patient’s profile
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Richter, Franziska Rebekka. "The control of task sets and long-term memory". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6537ad2c-107b-4517-8b37-7d5d59edbe3b.

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The current thesis explores the complex relationship between cognitive control and memory. A series of experiments combined task-switching paradigms with recognition memory tests to measure how switching between tasks influences effective control over long-term memory. In these experiments, participants were presented with compound stimuli consisting of a picture and an overlaid word, and were cued in each trial whether the word or the picture was relevant (attended) or irrelevant (unattended). Participants were then tested for their memory of items presented during task switching. Experiments 1-2 indicated that switching between tasks reduces the selectivity of processing: Switching was associated with impaired task performance as well as more similar memory ratings for attended and unattended items. Experiments 3-5 extended these findings by showing that enhanced top-down control positively affected task-performance as well as memory, in both cases by increasing the selectivity of processing toward task-relevant information. Experiments 6-7 replicated key effects with simple switches of visual attention, and explored the neural correlates of successful task performance and encoding using EEG. The key finding here was that previously observed ―subsequent memory‖ effects reflect, at least in part, selective encoding processes. The last chapter extended the focus of the investigation to explore the role of control in long-term memory retrieval. FMRI meta- analyses indicated considerable overlap in neural activation found during task switching and during the adoption of different retrieval sets. The results of Experiment 8 indicated that switching during task performance and later memory retrieval were both associated with decreased selectivity of processing. Collectively, the results of this thesis suggest that selectivity of processing is a critical factor in effective task performance and successful memory, with potentially very similar mechanisms underlying the two. This work demonstrates the fruitfulness of combining research on cognitive control and memory to study questions relevant for both fields.
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Libri sul tema "Cognitice control"

1

Santostefano, Sebastiano. Cognitive control therapy with children and adolescents. New York: Pergamon Press, 1985.

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Mishra, Ramesh Kumar. Bilingualism and Cognitive Control. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92513-4.

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Eich, Teal. Cognitive Control in Schizophrenia. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2014.

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Rosenbaum, David A. Cognitive Control of Action. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032636672.

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Ulrich, Hecker, Dutke Stephan 1959- e Sedek Grzegorz, a cura di. Generative mental processes and cognitive resources: Integrative research on adaptation and control. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2000.

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Santostefano, Sebastiano. Cognitive control battery (CCB): Manual. Los Angeles, Calif. (12031 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles 90025): Western Psychological Services, 1988.

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7

K, Honig Werner, e Fetterman J. Gregor, a cura di. Cognitive aspects of stimulus control. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1992.

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8

Michael, Rosenbaum, a cura di. Learned resourcefulness: On coping skills, self-control, and adaptive behavior. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 1990.

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Gazzaniga, Michael S. Cognitive neuroscience: The biology of the mind. 2a ed. New York: Norton, 2002.

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Peters, George A. Human error: Causes and control. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/T&F, 2006.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cognitice control"

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Hoyer, Daniel, Eric P. Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, Nicola Simola et al. "Cognitive Control". In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 314. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4136.

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Funahashi, Shintaro. "Cognitive Control". In Brain Science, 353–99. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7268-3_6.

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Cohen, Jonathan D. "Cognitive Control". In The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control, 1–28. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118920497.ch1.

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Talsma, Durk. "Cognitive control". In The Psychology of Cognition, 123–52. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003319344-7.

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Kalpidou, Maria. "Cognitive Control". In The Development of Children’s Happiness and Success, 137–54. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429356414-11.

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Katsikopoulos, Konstantinos V. "Inventory Control". In Cognitive Operations, 105–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31997-6_5.

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Frühwirth, Thom, e Slim Abdennadher. "Algorithm = Logic + Control". In Cognitive Technologies, 7–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05138-2_2.

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Thompson, Suzanne C. "Illusions of control". In Cognitive Illusions, 124–39. 3a ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003154730-10.

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Bhandari, Apoorva, David Badre e Michael J. Frank. "Learning Cognitive Control". In The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control, 376–91. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118920497.ch21.

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Barzantny, Carolina, e Carmen Bruder. "Measuring Situation Awareness in Control Room Teams". In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. Cognition and Design, 3–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49183-3_1.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Cognitice control"

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Palma, Giovanni, Mariana Lima, Clarisse Friedlaender, Celso Furtado, Rodrigo Lasmar, Ana Carolina Rodrigues e Paulo Caramelli. "SOCCER HEADING AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS: TWO-YEAR LONGITUDINAL DATA". In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda098.

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Background: Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide, in which players purposely hit the ball with the head. Although researchers have focused on the effects of concussions in contact sports, the role of sub-concussive impacts (e.g., heading) has gained attention. Objective: To investigate the effects of soccer heading on cognitive functioning in active soccer players. Methods: Male professional soccer players (n=9), and non-athletes (n=25), matched by age and education, were submitted to computerized cognitive tests and to the Neupsilin. All subjects were tested on two occasions – T0 and T2 – separated by two years. Results: Intragroup analyses revealed that while controls improved their performance in 11 variables from T0 to T2, soccer players only improved in one test. However, controls had a worst performance in two variables. In T2, players performed better in the immediate memory test. Among players, no significant correlations were found between number of headings per game and cognition in T0 and T2. Conclusion: There was no evidence of cognitive impairment in soccer players in T0 and T2. They even outperformed controls in some tests. However, the improvement (probable learning effect) observed from T0 to T2 in controls was consistent over the players unvarying performance. Further investigations are needed to clarify relationships between soccer heading and cognition.
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Nowak, Xi, e Dirk Söffker. "A New Model-Free Stability-Based Cognitive Control Method". In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-5959.

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This contribution considers a new realization of the cognitive stabilizer, which is an adaptive stabilization control method based on a cognition-based framework. It is assumed, that the model of the system to be controlled is unknown. Only the knowledge about the system inputs, outputs, and equilibrium points are the preliminaries assumed within this approach. A new improved realization of the cognitive stabilizer is designed in this contribution using 1) a neural network estimating suitable inputs according to the desired outputs, 2) Lyapunov stability criterion according to a certain Lyapunov function, and 3) an optimization method to determine the desired system outputs with respect to the system energy. The proposed cognitive stabilizer is able to stabilize an unknown nonlinear MIMO system at arbitrary equilibrium point of it. Suitable control input can be designed automatically to guarantee the stability of motion of the system during the whole process although the changing of the system behavior or the environment. Numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the successful application and performance of this method.
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Sharma, Rahul, Bernardete Ribeiro, Alexandre Miguel Pinto e F. Amilcar Cardoso. "Modeling Abstract Concepts For Internet of Everything: A Cognitive Artificial System". In 2018 13th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing (CONTROLO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/controlo.2018.8514540.

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Gielo-Perczak, Krystyna. "Multi-Method Systems Modeling and Analysis: Is It Possible to Apply Holistic Design, Linking the Physical and Cognitive Aspects?" In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference (2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001260.

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The objective of this study is to present relevant data which would support proposed taxonomy and methodology in physical-cognitive based control models of human performance. This approach can be applied directly to the development of emerging worker/user body systems with equal emphasis on biomechanical and cognitive performance. The worker’s biomechanical and physiological responses and functions are not imposed by the environment but are established by the system itself. Thus, there is an emerging need for the concept of a human system with perceptive insight into the complexity of the mutual relationships of the human biomechanical measures and cognitive factors. The description of human operators/users should reflect the biomechanical measures of fatigue and the complexity of brain activity, which includes cognition and the dynamic process of knowing. Many system control problems arise from a lack of attention to the interactions among different human system components in relation to the work/activity environment. In order to predict the ecological connectivity there is an arising necessitation to model the mutual relationships of environment, perception, body sensors and task. The proposed method can be represented in terms of control-theoretical features for quantitative predictions in the various work environment behaviors.
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Wang, Rui, Tieyan Wu e Wei Liu. "Control frame of cognition in cognitive system with Fuzzy-Neural network". In 2011 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsse.2011.5961967.

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Fernandes, Katarina, Henrique da Silva, Roberta Baradel, Raquel Fornari, Patrícia Vanzella, Katerina Lukasova e Maria Carthery Goulart. "EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE TRAINING FOCUSED ON DIFFERENT MEMORY SUBSYSTEMS FOR COMMUNITY DWELLING ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS". In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda105.

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Background: With the aging process, some memory subsystems as the episodic and working memory change. Cognitive training has been suggested for prevention of cognitive decline but previous studies have conflicting results. Objective: To verify the efficacy of two types of multidimensional cognitive training programs, one focusing on internal strategies to boost episodic memory (EMT) and another based on activities targeting speed processing and working memory (WMT). Methods: One hundred thirty six community dwelling older adults (aged 60 or over and living independently) took part in the study, 76 undertook EMT, 30 undertook WMT and 30 participated in a control program that focused on autobiographical memory (AMT). Training occurred during 8 weekly group sessions of 1,5h. All groups participated in lectures about cognition and aging during the training. They received activities to practice at home. A neuropsychological battery was applied before and after the interventions. Results: ANOVA of repeated measures pointed to significant higher scores in global cognition (ACER), their memory subtest, and in recall score of categorized noun pictures. The interaction showed that the episodic group improved more than the others in the recall of pictures (interaction between group and task p <0,01). Conclusion: The results demonstrated immediate gains after training in specific episodic memory trained skills.
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Oliveira, Rafael Arantes, Aline Mansueto Mourão, Aline Silva de Miranda, Emanuelle Lamas Rocha, Ester Cristina Pascoal Gomes, Leonardo Cruz de Souza, Maíra Glória da Freitas Cardoso et al. "Cognitive impairment and mood disorder in the subacute phase of Ischemic Stroke". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.657.

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Background: Ischemic strokes (IS) patients usually present cognitive deficits and psychiatric disorders. Studies describe this coexistence in the chronic phase, although alterations may relate with acute damage to emotion and cognition circuits Objectives: Assess cognitive and psychiatric symptoms during the subacute phase of IS. Design and setting: A prospective study, screening patients admitted in the Stroke Unit of Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Adults with acute IS and healthy controls were submitted to neuropsychological tests between 30 and 60 days after the event. Incidental, immediate and working memory, learning, late recall, recognition, phonemic verbal fluency, attention and facial emotion recognition were evaluated. Results: Eighteen patients were evaluated in the subacute phase, and twenty-one participants composed the control group, showing no socioeconomic differences between them. There was significant difference in immediate memory (p <0,01), late recall (p<0,05) and recognition (p<0,03) tests from the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery, and in the depression subscale from Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p <0,04). Although there was no significant difference in Facial Emotion Recognition Test (p=0,745), the expression of sadness positively correlated with levels of anxiety (rho=0,587, p<0,05) and depression (rho=0,598, p<0,01), while the expression of fear negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (rho=0,481, p<0,05). Conclusion: Cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms in the subacute phase of IS are probably associated with memory impairments. Furthermore, depression and anxiety symptoms may influence the emotion recognition.
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Oliveira, Vívian Maria Gomes de, Cíntia Gonçalves Nogueira, Gabriela Ferreira Paticcié, Leonardo Oliveira Silva, Igor Jacomedes de Oliveira, Leopoldo Antônio Pires, Luiz Paulo Bastos Vasconcelos e Ana Laura Maciel Almeida. "Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognition and Activities of Daily Living in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.543.

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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents one of the main causes of cognitive and functional decline in the world. Concomitant with pharmacological treatment, the practice of aerobic exercises (AE) can help in the symptomatic control of the disease. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of AE on activities of daily living and cognition in patients with AD. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken. EMBASE, Pubmed and BVS databases were searched using the terms “Alzheimer disease”, “Alzheimer syndrome” and “Alzheimer dementia”; “aerobic” and “exercise”. The inclusion criteria were: randomized controlled trials from 2016 to 2021, English language studies and human studies. Among 854 studies found, six were included in the review. Results: The potential benefits of AE training in AD patients are: improvement of functioning, quality of life and cognitive performance; better control of neuropsychiatric symptoms and possible reduction of systemic inflammation. Conclusions: AEs are associated with cognitive and functional performance gain in AD, probably related to synaptic plasticity optimization and improvement of the feeling of well-being. Although AEs may improve cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms, the response to treatment is individual. Future longitudinal studies with larger cohorts and functional neuroimaging studies are required for a better understanding of the real benefit of AE in AD.
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Silva, Erika Christina Gouveia e., Caroline Gil Godoy, Danielle Brancolini Oliveira, Amislaine Cristina Gambeta, Elizabeth Mendes Silva, Camila Machado Campos, Celso Ricardo Fernandes Carvalho et al. "Analysis of Cognition and Postural Control of Individuals Post Hospitalization by COVID-19". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.309.

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Background: Cognitive damage is observed in those hospitalized by COVID-19, which may be associated with hypoxia and sedation, but it is not established whether there is an association with postural control. Objective: To verify the correlation between cognition and postural control of individuals hospitalized by COVID-19. Design and setting: Prospective cohort study at a referral hospital for the treatment of severe cases by COVID-19. Method: The primary end point was cognition (10 CS) and the secondary end points with postural control (Brief Best Test), mobility (Time Up and Go - TUG) and muscular endurance and strength (time to sit and stand 5 times and 1 minute [min]). Data analysis was performed using the JASP software and a significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. For descriptive analysis, mean, standard deviation and frequency were used. Pearson’s coefficient test was used to analyze possible correlation between variables. Results: As preliminary results, 91 patients with average age (59.29 ± 11.37) years, 54.94% female and 45.05% male were evaluated. There was a weak negative correlation between 10CS and Brief (r = -0.270; p = 0.013), a strong positive correlation between 10CS and sitting and standing time 5 times (r = 0.404; p<0.001) and a negative correlation between 10CS and sitting test and raise 1 me. (r = -0.342; p = 0.002). There was no association between 10CS and TUG over 12.6 seconds. Conclusion: In patients who presented cognitive deficit after hospitalization due to COVID-19, an association with deficit in postural control, resistance and muscle strength was observed.
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Yan, Xi, Dechun Guo e Zhibo Zhang. "The Performance Analysis of Asynchronous FHMA Network Based on the Cognitive Frequency Hopping Sequences". In 2018 13th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing (CONTROLO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/controlo.2018.8439717.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Cognitice control"

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LI, Zhendong, Hangjian Qiu, xiaoqian Wang, chengcheng Zhang e Yuejuan Zhang. Comparative Efficacy of 5 non-pharmaceutical Therapies For Adults With Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment: Protocol For A Bayesian Network Analysis Based on 55 Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0036.

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Review question / Objective: This study will provide evidence-based references for the efficacy of 5 different non-pharmaceutical therapies in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). 1. Types of studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), Acupuncture, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy(VR) and Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation(CA) for PSCI will be recruited. Additionally, Studies should be available in full papers as well as peer reviewed and the original data should be clear and adequate. 2. Types of participants. All adults with a recent or previous history of ischaemic or hemorrhagic stroke and diagnosed according to clearly defined or internationally recognized diagnostic criteria, regardless of nationality, race, sex, age, or educational background. 3.Types of interventions and controls. The control group takes non-acupuncture treatment, including conventional rehabilitation or in combination with symptomatic support therapy. The experimental group should be treated with acupuncture on basis of the control group. 4.The interventions of the experimental groups were Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), Acupuncture, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy(VR) or Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation(CA), and the interventions of the control group takes routine rehabilitation and cognition training or other therapies mentioned above that were different from the intervention group. 5.Types of outcomes. The primary outcomes are measured with The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and/or The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), which have been widely used to evaluate the cognitive abilities. The secondary outcome indicator was the Barthel Index (BI) to assess independence in activities of daily living (ADLs).
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Whitney, Paul. Augmentation of Research on Cognitive Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, giugno 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280956.

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Whitney, Paul. Augmentation of Research on Cognitive Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada302003.

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Whitney, Paul. Augmentation of Research on Cognitive Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maggio 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266136.

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Whitney, Paul. Learning from Text: A Cognitive Control Perspective. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maggio 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251842.

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LI, Zhendong, Chengcheng Zhang, Hangjian Qiu, Xiaoqian Wang e Yuejuan Zhang. Different Acupuncture Intervention Time-points for Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment：Protocol For a Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, maggio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0043.

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Review question / Objective: This study will provide evidence-based references for the efficacy of different acupuncture interventions time-point in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). 1. Types of studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for PSCI will be recruited. Additionally, Studies should be available in full papers as well as peer-reviewed and the original data should be clear and adequate. 2. Types of participants. All adults with a recent or previous history of ischaemic or hemorrhagic stroke and diagnosed according to clearly defined or internationally recognized diagnostic criteria, regardless of nationality, race, sex, age, or educational background. 3. Types of interventions and controls. The control group takes non-acupuncture treatment, including conventional rehabilitation or in combination with symptomatic support therapy. The experimental group should be treated with acupuncture on basis of the control group. 4. Types of outcomes. The primary outcomes are measured with The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and/or The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), which have been widely used to evaluate cognitive abilities.
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Jiang, Zhong-Ping. Cognitive Models for Learning to Control Dynamic Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada487160.

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Luan, Sisi, Wenke Cheng, Chenglong Wang, Hongjian Gong e Jianbo Zhou. Impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs on cognitive function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0015.

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Review question / Objective: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Little is known regarding the neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Here, the study aim to assess the impact of GLP-1 on general cognition function among patients with T2DM. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) an original article was recently published in English, (2) the population included subjects diagnosed with diabetes at baseline, (3) GLP-1 analogs is a single formulation rather than a fixed dose combination, (4) GLP-1 analogs were compared with no GLP-1 use or placebo or self-control before treatment, (5) the duration of antidiabetic agent use was 12 weeks or more, and (6) it provided quantitative measures of general cognitive function assessed by MMSE or MoCA. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the publication was a review, case report, animal study, or letter to the editor, (2) the study did not clearly define clinical outcomes, (3) the authors could not provide valid data after being contacted, (4) duplicated data.
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Lehto, Gary. A cognitive-behavioral approach to the control of dream content. Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3049.

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Bechtel, James H. An Innovative Knowledge-Based System Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps for Command and Control An Innovative Knowledge-Based System Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps for Command and Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada381723.

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