Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Coastalization"

Across the globe marine coasts are experiencing an outstripping growth of the population and economic activity, a phenomenon known as coastalization. Most global cities and industry clusters are located in coastal regions acting as economic growth nodes for their respective countries. This divergence is equally true for national innovation systems, gravitating towards highly urbanized coastal areas. The study is designed to evaluate the spatial stratification of the knowledge production between the coastal regions located in different marine basins - Azov-Black, Caspian, Baltic, Arctic, and Pacific. In order to level-out the national differences of the innovation policy and institutional architecture, the research is held in a single country - the Russian Federation. Our research hypothesis suggests that the knowledge production domain of the innovation activity is influenced by urbanization and coastalization, i.e. the proximity to the core city and the coast. We also expect that the coastalization factor would be reflected in intensified involvement of coastal municipalities in knowledge production networks. The study is based on processing the ROSRID database of 66,647 research projects implemented in 2017-2019 and geocoded using the Yandex.Maps API. The research has shown that the urbanization factor has the strongest influence in configuration of R&D networks - the core centers of knowledge production are the largest cities in marine basins that give further impetus to the involvement of neighboring municipalities. Nearly 70% of municipalities across marine basins have limited or no involvement in the knowledge production, except the Baltic and Azov-Black Sea basins that feature the strongest performance. Overall, the proximity to the coast of non-freezing seas has a positive correlation with the number of R&Ds executed and funded. Considering the research topics, the share of marine-related research is typically funded by coastal regions, whereas the executed R&Ds cover a broad variety of topics. Research results enrich the notion of geography of innovation and advance our understanding of the spatial factors in knowledge distribution within the national innovation system.

Abstract Marine and coastal economies are the drivers of growth for many nations around the world. Close proximity to the sea generates positive externalities being especially strong in coastal areas, whose effective governance is a challenge. The greatest challenge to date is ambiguity in delimitation of a coastal zone, as static criteria based on density of population and industry, are limited in our understanding of the functional connectivity of the sea and land. This article studies functional boundaries of a coastal zone by focusing on the geoinformation analysis of marine-related R&D. We hypothesize that maritime knowledge flows between the customers and contractors of R&D projects can outline the actual configuration of coastal zone in its knowledge production domain. The research data is sourced from ROSRID database of 2017-2019, covering 1,773 marine-related R&D projects funded or executed by entities located across 119 municipalities of 64 regions in Russia. The results of the study showed that maritime knowledge flows are not limited to coastal municipalities or even coastal regions. Some research areas, such as Fisheries, aquaculture and marine life studies, are more localized in coastal zones than others, although featuring an overall strong interconnectedness between inland and coastal territories. Functional delimitation of coastal zone management areas using dynamic data on spatial networks can enhance the effectiveness of coastal zone management.

Abstract Coastal regions are generally conceived as highly advanced in terms of socioeconomic and innovative development. Acting as international contact zones, coastal agglomerations are described as gateways for absorbing new knowledge, technologies, business cultures, etc. Yet, this perception is based on studies of large coastal cities and agglomerations. In our study, we focus on coastalization effects manifested in rural settlements and evaluate the innovation capability of the economies of coastal rural areas. The research scope covers 13 municipalities of the Leningrad region, including 134 rural settlements. The research methodology is structured into three main blocks: the evaluation of the human capital, assessment of the favorability of the entrepreneurial environment, and analysis of susceptibility of local economies to innovations. The list of analyzed innovation dynamics parameters includes the geospatial data for the distribution of population, companies and individual entrepreneurs, localization of specialized support and innovation infrastructure, sectoral analysis of the economic structure, digitalization aspects, et cetera. The data coverage period is 2010–2019 with variations depending on the availability of individual indicators. The research findings reveal particular features of the countryside as compared to urban settlements. Strong asymmetries are observed between the development of rural settlements cross-influenced by coastalization, near-metropolitan location, and national border proximity.

Coastal cities are the focus of academic research for being the attractors of a significant share of human, entrepreneurial, and financial resources. The advanced development of coastal territories is a widely known phenomenon called coastalization. Given the favourability of coastal zones, we assume that human intelligence accumulated in coastal cities greatly increases their intellectual capital, strengthening the knowledge production capability. Our focus is on academic knowledge, which is an important input to a territorial intellectual capital that drives innovation development via knowledge commercialization. We aim at testing the hypothesis on the superiority of coastal over the inland type of cities by their capacity to generate knowledge. The study sample is 479 cities of 10 countries located in the Baltic region with different levels of socio-economic and innovative development. Spatial scientometrics is applied as a research method for processing a large volume of bibliometric data. Research results indicate significant differences between coastal cities in their ability to undertake research and produce knowledge. Coastalization has not proven to be a determining factor for academic productivity. The overall level of innovation development of the country and the functional role of the city has a greater impact. The advantages of the coastal position are related to unique marine-related research developed in coastal cities and agglomerations with an enabling atmosphere for academic knowledge production.

Coastal settlements tend to have higher population density and economic clustering compared to inland territories. The tendency of an increasing socio-economic disbalance in favor of coastal spaces – the coastalization, has attracted the attention of the global academic community. Numerous assumptions are made on the cause of the coastalization phenomenon with the maritime activity and tourism being the primary ones. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the coast and tourist seaport infrastructure in the distribution of the population and tourist accommodations in cities across different sea basins of Europe. The research design implies verification of the two hypotheses: the area around the tourist seaport will have H1. The highest population density and H2. The highest density of collective accommodation facilities (CAFs) in the coastal zone of the municipality, decreasing with distance. The methodology has a two-stage structure. Firstly, the quantitative evaluation is done to allocate the tourist seaports of 28 European countries using MarineTraffic database and measure the density of population and CAFs by territorial zones using statistics. Secondly, the qualitative assessment is done presenting highlights of case studies by four sea basins (Baltic Sea, Black and Azov Sea, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Celtic Sea, and Mediterranean Sea) and six sub-basins. 43 seaports of Europe specialize on tourism (over 90% of inbound ships). Most tourist seaports belong to the Mediterranean basin (58.1%), followed by the basin of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (25.6%), the Azov-Black (11.6%) and Baltic (4.7%) sea basins. Cities with the tourist seaports are represented by a variety population sizes: from under 50 thousand people to over a million. Despite the differences across sea basins, the general pattern suggests a decline of population density and CAFs with the distance from the tourist seaport. Tourist seaports act as the nuclei of coastalization in Europe. The spatial proximity to the seaport has a positive influence on the density of population – the highest in the territorial zone of 2-5 km distance from the seaport, and an even higher effect on the concentration of CAFs – the highest numbers up to 1 km of the tourist seaport. We should note that population structure and tourism activity of some smaller cities are skewed towards larger adjacent cities, with the agglomeration effect outbreaking the role of the seaport.

The marine system is undergoing profound changes, following global change, rising sea levels as a consequence of rising temperature, significant biogeochemical transformations having multiple impacts in terms of environmental biodiversity and resources. The phenomenon of coastalization represents a fundamental factor of evolution. The coastal population represents more than 60% of the world’s population and continues to grow rapidly through immigration; the population rate expected in 2020 will be 75%. Coastal urbanization is increasing with the creation of coastal mega-cities. This has the consequences of increasing pressure on the coastal terrain and pressure on marine resources. This paper is a short review that reported the danger which face the coastal heritage with a case study on Morocco.

The present contribution discusses recent findings in environmental issues dealing with desertification risk and regional disparities in the Mediterranean basin. By focusing on key socioeconomic factors underlying land and soil degradation (population growth, urban sprawl, coastalization, agricultural intensification, and land abandonment), this commentary highlights the intimate linkage between socioeconomic processes, rural poverty, and territorial disparities based on complex dynamics of demographic and economic factors. The increasing complexity in the spatial distribution of land vulnerable to degradation has also been pointed out with special reference to post-war Italy, a Mediterranean country considered as particularly affected in the UNCCD Annex IV, as the results of non-linear biophysical and socioeconomic dynamics. The lack in multi-target and multi-scale policies approaching land degradation and territorial disparities together is finally discussed as an original contribution to the study of Mediterranean desertification.

This research investigates the duality of the spatial organization and urban activities generated by the coastalization processes of the city of Nabeul. The first part of the study analyzes the city’s fragmentations of the urban landscape using a novel generic index of directional dispersion and a set of space syntax metrics. These structural and functional properties are studied by the concentration and/or dispersion of urban functions of the evolution and development patterns. Among the emerging features, we observe a dispersion of urban activities beyond a central radius all along the western periphery of the city, confirming the phenomenon of urban sprawl that many Tunisian cities are experiencing. These spaces generate urban fragmentations of “new polarity zones” under the influence of the coastline attraction. Finally, this study introduces a novel approach for identifying urban structural polarity and activities, as well as new perspectives for coastal land management and planning.