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1
Hendryx, Michael, Mohammad Saidul Islam, Guang-Hui Dong e Gunther Paul. "Air Pollution Emissions 2008–2018 from Australian Coal Mining: Implications for Public and Occupational Health". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 5 (29 febbraio 2020): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051570.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Occupational exposure limits for respirable coal dust are based on exposure during working hours, but coal miners may experience additional community-based exposures during nonworking hours. We analyzed Australia National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) data for the years 2008–2018 to estimate air pollutants (metals, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter ≤ 10 micrometers (PM10) and ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5)) originating from coal mines. PM10 levels from community-based air monitors in Queensland and New South Wales were also compared between mining and nonmining communities. Results indicated that tons of coal mined increased over the study period, and that levels of particulate matter, metals, and nitrogen oxides increased significantly over time as well. Coal mines accounted for 42.1% of national PM10 air emissions from NPI sites. PM2.5 from coal mines accounted for 19.5% of the national total, metals for 12.1%, and nitrogen oxides for 10.1%. Coal mining occurred in 57 different post codes; the 20 coal-mining post codes with the highest PM10 emissions were home to 160,037 people. Emissions of all studied pollutants were significantly higher from coal mining sites than from other types of NPI sites. Results from community-based air monitoring stations indicated significantly higher population PM10 exposure in coal mining communities than in nonmining communities. The health of the public at large is impacted by coal mining, but to the extent that miners also live near coal mining operations, their total exposure is underestimated by consideration of exposure only during working hours.
2
Liu, X., L. Li e Y. Yang. "Development status of coal mining in China". Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 123, n. 1 (23 febbraio 2023): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1506/2023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coal mining in China is facing the transition from output to quality. Based on the total mining capacity and average production, the current situation of coal mining at mine, city, and province levels is analysed, and data in support for the layout of sustainable mining development and the optimization of output provided. The results show that 87% of China's coal is mined by underground methods, with an average production capacity of 0.93 Mt/a per mine. Open pit mining accounts for 13%, with an average mine production capacity of 5.73 Mt/a. The average mining capacity of coal mines in China is 1.05 Mt/a, with 1181 coal mines with an average capacity less than 0.3 Mt/a, accounting for 35% of the total coal mines but contributing only 4.51% to output. They are distributed in about 48 cities in six provinces, seriously restricting the transition to green coal mining. The coal industry should speed up the closure of small coal mines in key provinces and cities, eliminate outdated production capacity in the central region, increase the speed and proportion of coal resources moving westward, and promote high-quality development of coal mining.
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Molnár, József, Ákos Debreczeni e Richárd Tompa. "Opportunities of re-establishing underground mining in the borsod coal basin in north-eastern Hungary". New Trends in Production Engineering 2, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2019): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0057.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Numerous underground coal mines were in operation in the Borsod coal basin in northeastern part of Hungary until the beginning of this century. The main area of utilization of the mined out coal beside power and heat generation was supplying households with fuel mostly for heating. In the beginning of the 1990ies the power plants in question were shut down for economic, environmental and technical reasons. Consequently all the mines were closed no later than 2004 and thousands of miners lost their jobs. A new perspective of coal mining can be enabled by other ways of utilization of coal, e.g. coal chemistry, etc. Safe and modern equipment and technology enabling high output, clean coal, furthermore high rate of yield are targeted. Opportunity of sustainable underground coal mining in the north-eastern part of Hungary is discussed in the paper. Analysis of the properties of coal deposits using three-dimensional (3D) modelling are used for considering opportunities of new mining operations. Models are being developed.
4
Starodubov, A. N., V. I. Klishin, A. N. Kadochigova e A. V. Kaplun. "Research of coal mining technology in complex ground conditions using mathematical modeling". Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), n. 5S/2023 (20 dicembre 2023): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2023-5s-47-52.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Future development of mining operations along with creation of new mines, will be supported by modernization and reconstruction of existing enterprises. Creation of mechanized coal face systems that ensure complete extraction of coal reserves with the supply of occupational safety is prospective. One of the most effective technologies for the development of high coals is their mining from wall to wall with drawing coal from the roof layer into the under-cutting layer. Research of a new design of mechanized support was carried out using the developed simulation model based on the discrete elements method in the Rocky DEM environment. The amount of coal losses remaining in the mined-out space is determined. The opportunity of using the developed model is demonstrated for analyzing the flows of the coal-bearing mass in the implementation of the technology of coal mining from high flat-lying coal seams to identify new patterns and ways to improve the efficiency of the technology before its implementation in coal mines.
5
Onifade, M., B. Genc, K. O. Said, M. Fourie e P. O. Akinseye. "Overview of mine rescue approaches for underground coal fires: A South African perspective". Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 122, n. 5 (10 giugno 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1738/2022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coal is mined by both surface and underground methods and its extraction is normally characterized by numerous hazards that can lead to catastrophic accidents, which result in devastating effects such as injuries or fatalities, damage to mining assets, and destruction of mineral resources. These hazards exist due to the ability of coal to support combustion and its association with toxic, flammable, and explosive gases. Underground coal mining entails higher safety risks than opencast coal mining, chiefly because of issues relating to mine ventilation and mine collapse. Furthermore, coal mine collapses mostly occur due to crumbling of mining supports, especially in room and pillar mining systems. To avoid such adverse occurrences, safety management systems need to be in place. This study reviews the various technological safety systems and principles that are used for safe-rescue and self-escape of miners in underground coal fires, particularly in South Africa, using data obtained from Mines Rescue Services in Carltonville, South Africa. The outcome of the review shows that practising safety culture has been given priority across many South African underground coal mines through setting up safety management systems and encouraging workers to stay committed to safety principles.
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Karatela, Shamshad, Samantha Caruana e Gunther Paul. "Prevalence of respiratory disease in the population of Queensland communities in proximity to coal mines and coal mining activities". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, n. 7 (28 giugno 2022): 3014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221776.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Air quality related to respiratory illness is examined in many settings, including populations that work or reside close to sources of pollution. Industry produced pollution from mining and metal manufacturing, natural environmental pollution as in the case of bushfires and large-scale dust storms are examples. We reviewed any available literature and data concerning the Queensland coal industry and its effect on respiratory health of miners, mining related workers and communities in proximity to coal mines. We searched various databases using keywords related to coal and respiratory diseases, using the five step criteria defined by Denyer and Tranfield. In the Queensland coal mining industry, the negative effect of mining on workers’ respiratory health has been known for many years and has received increased attention in the last five years both nationally and internationally due to the resurgence in Coal Mine Dust Lung Diseases and specifically Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis (CWP). A Queensland parliamentary review has prompted regulatory amendments for the permitted (occupational) exposure level (PEL; OEL) to coal dust and silica; amendments have also been enacted for better occupational respiratory health surveillance of Queensland coal miners, both surface and underground. Considering Queensland has a high proportion of Australian coal mines, the literature available on respiratory health in Queensland coal mines and surrounding communities is minimal. There is very limited research into, and possible underreporting of CMDLD amongst the coal mining workers in Queensland. Further studies are required to better understand air pollution and health effects in coal miners in Queensland.
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Godzhaeva, Natalia, Timur Logunov, Marina Lokteva e Pavel Strelnikov. "Integrating ICT into Teaching Foreign Languages for Future Mining Engineers as a Factor of Mining Industry Innovative Development". E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 04037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910504037.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Kemerovo Region is the leading coal cluster of Russia and Europe, where about 60% of all domestic coal is mined, 42 mines and 51 open-pit mines are operating, as well as 54 coal processing plants and installations. At the beginning of 2019, more than 90 thousand people worked in the coal industry of Kuzbass. The task of increasing the labor productivity of coal enterprises is largely determined by personnel potential, which is the main productive force in the post-industrial era. Enterprise staff is the creator of all the material and intellectual values of the coal industry, without exception. Today, the maximum use of all available internal production resources depends on the quality of university training of miners, the formation of their professional and communicative competences. This study focuses on the use of new technologies in learning foreign language by future mining engineers. It discusses a variety of attitudes and incentives which support the readiness of students in this field to increase their learning skills through using ICT. In this paper, the authors review practices and experience of using the technology in classroom summarized in expert opinions of foreign language teachers working with undergraduate students – future mining engineers.
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Zaburdayev, V. S., e S. N. Podobrazhin. "Methane Injury-Risk at the Russian Mines". Occupational Safety in Industry, n. 9 (settembre 2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-9-69-74.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Conditions are given concerning the development of methane-bearing coal seams in Russia, the chronology of injuries from explosions and outbreaks of methane-air mixtures at the Russian mines for a quarter of a century of developing coal seams at the nine deposits. The emergency was studied in 174 mine incidents, which occurred mainly at the mines of Kuzbass, Vorkuta coal deposit, Eastern Donbass, Chelyabinsk basin, Primorye and Sakhalin. Emergency objects - excavation areas, preparation faces and mined-out areas of the mines. The sources of ignition of methane-air mixture are drilling and blasting works in the faces, malfunctioning of electrical equipment, frictional sparking, endogenous fires, and smoking in the mines. The most injury-risk for methane are steep and steeply inclined mines. The need in the scientific substantiation of the decisions taken for prevention or reduction of the methane injury-risk at the mines is noted in the article. An important role is assigned to the choice of ways to achieve this goal considering the geological and mining conditions of the development of gas-bearing coal seams. As an example, the conditions, methods, and parameters of mining operations at the excavation areas of four mines are given, where occurred the catastrophic explosions of methane-air and methane-dust-air mixtures. The reasons are gross violations of safety rules during mining operations, incompetence of the mine engineering personnel, design, and control organizations in matters of safety during the underground work at the gas-hazardous mines with an extensive network of workings. This resulted in the death of miners and mine rescuers, the destruction of mine workings, equipment and devices, underground fires. Recommendations are given for reducing the level of methane injury-risk at the methane-rich mines.
9
Yang, Li, Xue Wang, Junqi Zhu, Liyan Sun e Zhiyuan Qin. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Deep Coal Miners’ Unsafe Behavior Based on HFACS-CM-SEM-SD". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 17 (29 agosto 2022): 10762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710762.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The unsafe behavior of miners seriously affects the safety of deep mining. A comprehensive evaluation of miners’ unsafe behavior in deep coal mines can prevent coal mine accidents. This study combines HFACS-CM, SEM, and SD models to evaluate miners’ unsafe behaviors in deep coal mining. First, the HFACS-CM model identifies the risk factors affecting miners’ unsafe behavior in deep coal mines. Second, SEM was used to analyze the interaction between risk factors and miners’ unsafe behavior. Finally, the SD model was used to simulate the sensitivity of each risk factor to miners’ unsafe behavior to explore the best prevention and control strategies for unsafe behavior. The results showed that (1) environmental factors, organizational influence, unsafe supervision, and unsafe state of miners are the four main risk factors affecting the unsafe behavior of miners in deep coal mines. Among them, the unsafe state of miners is the most critical risk factor. (2) Environmental factors, organizational influence, unsafe supervision, and the unsafe state of miners have both direct and indirect impacts on unsafe behaviors, and their immediate effects are far more significant than their indirect influence. (3) Environmental factors, organizational influence, and unsafe supervision positively impact miners’ unsafe behavior through the mediating effect of miners’ unsafe states. (4) Mental state, physiological state, business abilities, resource management, and organizational climate were the top five risk factors affecting miners’ unsafe behaviors. Taking measures to improve the adverse environmental factors, strengthening the organization’s supervision and management, and improving the unsafe state of miners can effectively reduce the risk of miners’ unsafe behavior in deep coal mines. This study provides a new idea and method for preventing and controlling the unsafe behavior of miners in deep coal mines.
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Pirieva, Natalya, e Inna Ermakova. "Coal Pillars Safe Mining". E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184101026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Safety pillars are the necessary objects for underground mining of coal seams. The having been mines; safety pillars, which include the development workings, lose their purpose. The coal reserves in these pillars are significant and can be mined. However, the pillars have fracture zones in the edges. The size of the fracture zones in the marginal parts of the pillars should be taken into account when choosing a mining system and its parameters. Coal pillar stress-strain analysis was carried out by the finite element method. The developed technique for coal pillar stress-strain analysis takes into account the post-critical strain of the coal seam edge. The reliability of the technique was verified by the experimental method. The calculated and experimental values differ insignificantly. The geomechanical condition of the nine safety pillars in A.D. Ruban mine of OJSC “SUEK-Kuzbass” was studied. The enterprise mines three low dip seams at a depth of up to 290 m. The amount of losses in fracture zones is defined for the pillars, which include slopes and entries. Fracture zones in the pillars were sized taking into account the actual structure of the seam roofs: the depth of bedding, their thickness and strength characteristics. The economic effect of mining of the safety pillars is pre-computed.
11
Zientara, Piotr, Anna Zamojska, Grzegorz Maciejewski e Anna Maria Nikodemska-Wołowik. "Environmentalism and Polish Coal Mining: A Multilevel Study". Sustainability 11, n. 11 (31 maggio 2019): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113086.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper, drawing on a questionnaire survey conducted among 587 coal miners from six coal mines, seeks to ascertain whether the Polish coal mining industry is committed to organizational greening and whether its employees behave in environmentally responsible ways. Specifically, it explores—by means of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM)—the direct effects of green organizational climates on miners’ pro-environmental conduct at home and at work. We found that climates had a direct effect on employee behavior in and outside the workplace, and that personal environmental values were positively related to the latter variable. However, it has to be admitted that the actual engagement of coal miners in voluntary pro-environmental action at work was not very deep. Crucially, it turned out that, in two coal mines, there were strong green climates, while the rest were weak, which suggests differences in terms of commitment to organizational greening throughout the industry. The present paper explores the significance of the results and highlights the applicability of our methodological approach to the study of employee involvement in organizational pro-environmental action.
12
Shekarian, Younes, Elham Rahimi, Naser Shekarian, Mohammad Rezaee e Pedram Roghanchi. "An analysis of contributing mining factors in coal workers’ pneumoconiosis prevalence in the United States coal mines, 1986–2018". International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 8, n. 6 (13 ottobre 2021): 1227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-021-00464-y.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn the United States, an unexpected and severe increase in coal miners’ lung diseases in the late 1990s prompted researchers to investigate the causes of the disease resurgence. This study aims to scrutinize the effects of various mining parameters, including coal rank, mine size, mine operation type, coal seam height, and geographical location on the prevalence of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) in surface and underground coal mines. A comprehensive dataset was created using the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) Employment and Accident/Injury databases. The information was merged based on the mine ID by utilizing SQL data management software. A total number of 123,589 mine-year observations were included in the statistical analysis. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to conduct a statistical analysis on a total of 29,707, and 32,643 mine-year observations for underground and surface coal mines, respectively. The results of the econometrics approach revealed that coal workers in underground coal mines are at a greater risk of CWP comparing to those of surface coal operations. Furthermore, underground coal mines in the Appalachia and Interior regions are at a higher risk of CWP prevalence than the Western region. Surface coal mines in the Appalachian coal region are more likely to CWP development than miners in the Western region. The analysis also indicated that coal workers working in smaller mines are more vulnerable to CWP than those in large mine sizes. Furthermore, coal workers in thin-seam underground mine operations are more likely to develop CWP.
13
Wang, Lili, Liao Yang, Weisheng Wang, Baili Chen e Xiaolin Sun. "Monitoring Mining Activities Using Sentinel-1A InSAR Coherence in Open-Pit Coal Mines". Remote Sensing 13, n. 21 (8 novembre 2021): 4485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214485.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Long-term continuous monitoring of the mining activities in open-pit coal mines is conducive to planning and management of the mining operations. Additionally, this faciliatates assessment on their environmental impact and supervises illegal mining behaviors. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology can be effectively applied in the monitoring of open-pit mines where vegetation is sparse and land cover is dominated by bare rock. The main objective of this study is to monitor the mining activities of four open-pit coal mines in the Wucaiwan mining area in China from 2018 to 2020, namely No. 1, No. 2 (containing two mining areas), and No. 3. We use the normalized differential activity index (NDAI) based on the coherence coefficient as an indicator of the mine activity due to its robustness to temporal and spatial decorrelation. After analyzing and removing the decorrelation caused by rain and snow weather, 70 NDAI images in 12-day intervals are obtained from Sentinel-1A InSAR coherence images. Then, the annually-averaged NDAI images are applied to an RGB composite technique (red for 2018, green for 2019, blue for 2020) to express the interannual variation of the mining activities. Points of interest are then selected for NDAI time series analysis. The RGB composite results indicated that No. 1 and 3 open-pit coal mines were continuously mined during the three years; whereas, the two mining areas of No. 2 were mainly active in 2018. The 12-day NDAI time-series graphs of No. 2 open-pit coal mine also indicate that the coal piles located in the coal transferring area of the first mining area were not completely removed until April 2019. It is also seen that the second mining area was decommissioned in November 2018 and became rehabilitated in July 2019. Results were validated using the Sentinel-2A images and related background information confirming the efficiency of the proposed approach for monitoring the mining activity in open-pit mines.
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Sahanaa, Chandar, e Yuvaraja Murugan. "Coal miner's day in India: a reflection on health risks and legislation". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, n. 7 (29 giugno 2023): 2654–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20232068.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coal mining is a hazardous profession in India that exposes workers to a range of health risks, including respiratory diseases, skin disorders, hearing loss, and injuries. The coal miner's day, observed on May 4th every year, commemorates the hard work and sacrifices of coal miners. The mines act, 1952, and its associated regulations mandate the provision of medical facilities, safety and health measures, and rescue stations and trained personnel for the rescue of workers. The coal mines (Conservation and development) act, 1974, mandates the conservation of coal resources and the development of coal mines while ensuring the safety and health of workers. However, the implementation of these laws has been inadequate in many cases, leading to a high prevalence of occupational diseases among coal miners. The lack of proper implementation of safety and health regulations has been identified as a key factor contributing to the high prevalence of occupational diseases. Additionally, the existing regulations do not address the specific safety and health issues associated with the use of automation and robotics in mining. To safeguard the health and safety of coal miners, more efforts are needed to ensure the effective implementation of these laws and to provide adequate medical support and rehabilitation services. Prioritizing the health and well-being of coal miners can pay tribute to their contribution to society while promoting a safer and healthier workplace for all.
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Malashkevych, Dmytro, Serhii Poimanov, Serhii Shypunov e Mykola Yerisov. "Comprehensive assessment of the mined coal quality and mining conditions in the Western Donbas mines". E3S Web of Conferences 201 (2020): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020101013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The presented work reveals the problem of worsening the quality of mined coal in the Western Donbas mines. The main indicators of the stope faces performance in the context of the produced thermal coal quality are analyzed. The tendencies have been set of changes in the operational and parent ash content of coal, the number of longwall faces working with out-of-seam dilution and the production output of raw coal in the Western Donbass mines. Using the example of the “Named after Heroiv Kosmosu” mine, the coal-bearing rocks of the mined seams have been analyzed in detail, as well as the operational ash content of the produced coal has been predicted. Within the contoured reserves boundaries of the new longwall faces extraction panels, the following characteristics are analyzed: geological thickness of coal seams mg, height of out-of-seam dilution of side rocks hr; coal cutting resistance Ар; physical and mechanical properties of rocks in the roof and bottom of the seams. Based on the studied mining-and-geological characteristics of the stope faces under consideration, the possibility of using selective mining technology is assessed. Graphs of changes in the predicted operational ash content of mined coal are plotted depending on the possible schemes of the seams mining and the size of out-of-seam dilution of rocks. The research results can be used when planning the selective mining technology aimed at improving the efficiency and environmental friendliness of mining operations.
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Petlovanyi, Мykhailo V., Dmytro S. Мalashkevych, Kateryna S. Sai e Olena V. Stoliarska. "Ecological-economic aspects of mining thin coal seams in the Western Donbas". Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 32, n. 3 (27 settembre 2023): 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112351.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper draws attention to the ecological-economic aspects of mining thin coal seams in the strategic coal-mining region of the Western Donbas and studies their causes and consequences in detail. It has been analyzed and determined that as a result of coal mining with complete caving of rocks, the processes of the earth’s surface subsidence above the mine fields occur. Due to the proximity of groundwater to the surface, waterlogging of territories and a change in the landscape occur. Using analytical calculations, it has been determined that the total surface subsidence value above the mine field of one of the Western Donbas mines is 1.2 m, which, according to the monitoring of environmental authorities, correlates well with the range of subsidence values in the region of 0.7-1.4 m. The places and parameters of rock dumps accumulating on the earth’s surface in coal mines are identified and analyzed, and the sources of waste rock formations in the technological system of coal mines are also studied. It has been revealed that the largest ingress of all waste rocks to the surface is caused by the stope operations conducted with undercutting of bottom rocks – 39% and underground mining operations to prepare new coal reserves for extraction – 33%. To date, it has been found that the volumes of waste rocks generated in mines are 1.5 times higher than the volumes of their utilization, and the prospect of disturbed land reclamation is limited in time, which, with today’s mining technology, will lead to an increase in their accumulation again. Based on a comprehen- sive study of the mined coal seam structure with a complex texture, using the example of one of the mines, it has been revealed that in the formation of operational ash content, the friable roof caving amounts to 13.0%, the seam rock interlayers – 19.2%, the coal seam natural ash content – 12.8%, and the seam bottom rock undercutting – 55.0%. A close linear relationship has been determined between the value of bottom rock undercutting with a shearer based on collected mine data and the indicator of mined coal operational ash content, which confirms the greatest importance of this factor. It has been proved that the most important factor influencing the formation of the mined coal operational ash content is the undercutting of the seam bottom rocks by a shearer, and with a 2-fold decrease in the ash content of coal, its energy potential increases by 1.25 times. Possible scenarios for the coal mining development in the Western Donbas are considered and a rational direction for solving the leading ecological-economic problems of underground mining of thin coal seams is proposed.
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Oleksyuk, Hanna, e Nataliya Samotiy. "Trends and problems of coal industry development in Ukraine (on the example of state enterprise «Lvivvuhillya»)". Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, n. 1(135) (2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-1-1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with the general tendencies and problems of the development of the Ukrainian coal industry in recent years. The main reasons for the problems and reduction of coal production in Ukraine due to the corresponding exhaustion of stocks as a result of long-term exploitation of coal mining enterprises are outlined. In addition, the unsatisfactory condition of the main equipment of the mines and its high level of deterioration and low rates of restoration of fixed assets are determined. The pace of investment and innovation processes in the coal industry of Ukraine today does not correspond to real needs and opportunities for increasing of coal production. The reformation and restructuring of coalmining enterprises is far behind the planned state program measures, including privatization processes, attracting private investment, improving approaches to management, closing unprofitable loss-making mines and building new prospective mines. The article highlights prospective directions of increasing coal mining, both operating mines and the possibility of building new explored reserves of energy and coking coal, in particular, in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin. The main reasons for the unprofitability of coal enterprises, untimely payment of wages to miners, problems of investment and innovation development of the coal industry are outlined. The complexity of the processes of voluntary association of communities in coal regions in the framework of the decentralization reform consists in the presence of environmental problems and the future closure of coal mining enterprises, negatively affecting the overall economic potential of the future united territorial communities. The paper proves that the strategic development of the united territorial communities in the areas of coal deposits (on the example of the Lviv region) is closely connected to the presence of coal mining enterprises there and the construction of new mines there. Strategic directions of innovative development of Ukraine's coal industry, the principles of reform and restructuring of the coal enterprises are defined.
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Ma, Chuanbin. "Exploration of the Application of Green Mining Technology in Coal Mines under the New Situation". Applied Science and Innovative Research 8, n. 1 (2 marzo 2024): p159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v8n1p159.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper discusses the application of green mining technology in coal mines under the new situation, considering the environmental pressures and requirements for sustainable development faced by coal mining. Firstly, it introduces the definition and principles of green mining, along with its development history, and analyzes the importance of relevant policies and regulations. Subsequently, it analyzes the demands faced by coal mining under the new situation, including the relationship between environmental issues and sustainable development, the impact of new energy development on coal mines, and social demands and public opinion pressure. Furthermore, through application cases, it showcases the specific practices of green mining technology in coal mines, involving environmental protection technology, energy efficiency improvement technology, and green mining technology. When discussing the challenges and issues of technology application, it focuses on technical difficulties, economic feasibility, and human resources and training needs. Finally, it looks ahead to the prospects of green mining technology in coal mines, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development and proposing suggestions regarding technological innovation, policy support, and corporate responsibilities.
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Gorbanev, S. A., S. A. Syurin e N. M. Frolova. "Working conditions and occupational pathology of coal miners in the Arctic". Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, n. 8 (25 settembre 2019): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-8-452-457.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. Due to the impact of adverse working conditions and climate, workers in coal-mining enterprises in the Arctic are at increased risk of occupational diseases (OD).The aim of the study was to study the working conditions, causes, structure and prevalence of occupational diseases in miners of coal mines in the Arctic.Materials and methods. Th e data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of Vorkuta and Chukotka Autonomous District in 2007–2017 are studied.Results. It was established that in 2007–2017 years, 2,296 ODs were diagnosed for the first time in 1851 coal mines, mainly in the drifters, clearing face miners, repairmen and machinists of mining excavating machines. Most often, the ODs occurred when exposed to the severity of labor, fibrogenic aerosols and hand-arm vibration. The development of professional pathology in 98% of cases was due to design flaws of machines and mechanisms, as well as imperfections of workplaces and technological processes. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (36.2%), respiratory organs (28.9%) and nervous system (22.5%) prevailed in the structure of professional pathology of miners of coal mines. Among the three most common nosological forms of OD were radiculopathy (32.1%), chronic bronchitis (27.7%) and mono-polyneuropathy (15.4%). In 2017, coal miners in the Arctic had a professional morbidity rate of 2.82 times higher than the national rates for coal mining.Conclusions. To preserve the health of miners of coal mining enterprises, technical measures to improve working conditions and medical interventions aimed at increasing the body’s resistance to the effects of harmful production and climatic factors are necessary.
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Kowal, Barbara. "Analysis of the comfort life and work in the assessment of the occupational group of employees in the energy sector on the basis of a mining company". E3S Web of Conferences 108 (2019): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910802016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is a large number of jobs in Poland, the performance of which involves working in difficult, arduous conditions. Such jobs include probably the work of miners in hard coal mines. They often go to the mine several times a week for many years. They work several hundred meters underground in the dark, high temperature, humidity, dust and noise with loud machines. Such extreme working conditions cause many occupational diseases caused by these conditions and even life threatening. The total number of accidents in the whole mining has decreased at the turn of the last years, however, in the hard coal mining itself, it remains at a similar level. When performing work in such difficult conditions, the miner should know well and, above all, observe the work safety regulations. The appropriate organizational culture enables, among others shaping the level of safety culture and improving working conditions [2, 14, 19, 25, 26]. Therefore, miners should be constantly motivated to work safely, but also rewarded. The results of the literature analysis of the subject were supported by own research in the scope of the subject of comfort of life and work in the assessment of the professional group of energy sector employees on the example of a mining enterprise. The research was carried out among miners, in one of the Polish mines. They were intended to show the magnitude of the problem of discomfort in the work of a professional group of miners in hard coal mining, as well as comfort of life and motivation for a safe working mode.
21
Tailakov, O. V., E. A. Saltymakov, D. N. Zastrelov, M. P. Makeev e E. A. Utkaev. "Detection of man-made reservoirs and assessment of filtration properties of barrier pillars in abandoned mines". Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), S2/2023 (10 novembre 2023): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2023-s2-6-10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An integrated approach to identification of man-made reservoirs within mining allotments of abandoned coal mines is proposed and tested, as well as determination of their methane content, which is based on the combined application of electrical exploration methods, measurement of ground-level concentrations of atmospheric gases and studies of mine methane isotopy. The boundaries of a man-made gas reservoir formed by the mined-out space of two abandoned coal mines were identified. A significant difference has been demonstrated between the content of light carbon isotopes of coal mine methane in the manmade reservoir and underlying coal seams. The paper discusses the impact of atmospheric pressure changes on the increase of ground-level methane concentrations. Drilling of gas-drainage boreholes in the decompression zones of the coal mass with subsequent connection to vacuum pumping stations providing methane collector degassing is recommended to limit methane release from the man-made collector into buildings and facilities located within the mining allotment of the abandoned mines.
22
Deng, Bao Ping, Shuai Liu, Chen Wang, Yao Dong Jiang e Hong Wei Wang. "Numerical Investigation on Passing through Goaf in Coal Mine Failurezone". Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (gennaio 2013): 1518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1518.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Random mining by small coal mines left many destruction districts with a large range in Fenxi mining district. According to incomplete statistics, the destroyed areas by small coal mines amount to nearly one hundred square kilometers and have over three hundred million tons of resource reserves in Xinliu, Xinyu and Xinyang these three fields. Small coal mines tend to use outdated techniques such as replacing mining with advancement, small excavation with large stoping and room pillar mining technique, which have a stoping rate of only 10% to 25%. Some of the wellheads were not closed seamlessly, which resulted in self-combustion; some were damaged due to the mining of the lower coal seam. A serious security risk existed during the mining of the lower coal seam due to the uncertainty of gas, water and roof pressure. In addition, the destructed area by small coal mines is badly large in Shanxi Province and even the whole country which remains a huge amount of resources. The implementation of this subject is significant.
23
Batievskaya, V., e Mihail Sokolovskiy. "Labor Productivity of Miners at Open Pits and Mines of the Kemerovo Region". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2022, n. 2 (5 luglio 2022): 237–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2022-7-2-237-242.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
he dynamic socio-economic development of Russia depends on the growth of labor force and productivity. This article introduces an analysis of labor productivity in coal-mining regions and the experience of Kuzbass mining. The authors explored the twelve-year dynamics of the labor productivity index both for the Russian economy as a whole and for its coal-mining regions. They identified the main trends in the management of labor productivity at the coal enterprises of the Kemerovo Region. The statistical analysis showed that the labor productivity index in Russia is slightly declining, especially in the mining industry. This negative trend can be avoided by applying new methods of personnel management, developing social and labor relations, involving employees in the labor process and encouraging their labor awareness, digitalizing all technological processes, and developing an effective contract.
24
Tyuleneva, Tatyana. "Improvement of production control of coal mining enterprises with underground mining method". E3S Web of Conferences 303 (2021): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130301017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Production safety is one of the problems of competitiveness of underground mining enterprises, one manifestation of which is the reduction and minimization of the number of accidents and incidents of personal injury or even death. To solve this problem, it is necessary to improve the system of production control of coal mines in order to eliminate these factors. Relative indicators of accidents and injuries at underground coal mines of Russia in comparison with the average indicators are considered, and also importance of the human factor in the occurrence of dangerous production situations and the evaluation of their causes and effects are revealed. In addition, the article considers the most common violations of safety requirements for underground coal mining, analyzes the experience of foreign countries in improving the production control system, assesses the possibility of its application for improving production control at Russian coal mines, and determines main areas for implementing a risk-based approach at coal mining enterprises.
25
BALOVTSEV, Sergey, Olga SKOPINTSEVA e Elena KULIKOVA. "Assessment of heavy hydrocarbons influence on aerological risks in coal mines". Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 15, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-234-245.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. An analysis of the dynamics of the increase in the number of functioning coal mines in the Russian Federation shows that over the past 22 years, the maximum number of new mines has increased dramatically and amounted to (over a decade) 11, which is 1.6 times more than the same maximum value of 7 (new mines commis-sioned over previous decades), for the entire period from 1910 to 2000. The largest number of mine seams currently being developed in the Russian Federation is represented by grades: D, G, GZh, Zh. It has been established that the content of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of Kuzbass and Donbass coals is more than 80%, reaching 98% for Zh and KZh grades. Heavy hydrocarbons pose a great explosion and fire threat to coal mines, which necessitates the study of their composition and content and taking into account the impact on the aerological risks of mines. Objective. Study of the composition and content of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of coal and coal dust and assessment of their impact on the aerological risks of accidents in coal mines. Methodology. To assess the impact of heavy hydrocarbons on the aerological risks of coal mines, the methodology developed by the authors was used to find the area of intersection of hazardous factors in mining and the vulner-abilities of ventilation schemes and methods, characterized by the proportion of probabilities of undesirable events. This methodology has been further developed in assessing and taking into account the impact of heavy hydrocarbons on aerological risks in excavation areas and development workings. The previously assessed mining hazards were supplemented by taking into account the high methane content of the seams, the presence of a critical content of heavy hydrocarbons, and the depth of mining operations. The vulnerability of the schemes and methods of ventilation of the working areas and development workings was manifested at high loads on the stopes, high values of the absolute methane content of the working areas, high speeds of advancement of the working and development faces. Results and discussion. A general pattern has been obtained for the two basins, consisting in the fact that the content of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of coal is more than 80%, reaching 98% for Zh and KZh grades. It was determined that the residual gases of coal dust contain a greater amount of heavy hydrocarbons (up to 91%) compared to the residual gases of coals (87%), with propane and butane predominating. The presence of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of coals under favorable conditions for mining coal seams increases aerological risks by 3.3 times; for the worst conditions, aerological risks due to the influence of heavy hydrocarbons increase only 1.7 times, which is due to the large influence on risk assessment of such factors as the load on the stope, absolute methane abundance, the rate of advance of the face, the depth of mining operations. For development workings, aerological risks due to the influence of heavy hydrocarbons are 1.5 times greater than for extraction areas. The research results can be useful in assessing the impact of heavy hydrocarbons on the aerological risks of coal mines. Conclusions. Heavy hydrocarbons contained in the residual gases of coal and coal dust, under certain conditions, increase the explosion and fire hazard of coal mines. It is possible to imagine the following scheme of methane ignition processes followed by an explosion of coal dust: methane ignition, heating of coal dust, release of combustible components from dust, ignition of combustible components, combustion of coal dust, explosion.
26
Chang, Qingliang, Jianhang Chen, Huaqiang Zhou e Jianbiao Bai. "Implementation of Paste Backfill Mining Technology in Chinese Coal Mines". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/821025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Implementation of clean mining technology at coal mines is crucial to protect the environment and maintain balance among energy resources, consumption, and ecology. After reviewing present coal clean mining technology, we introduce the technology principles and technological process of paste backfill mining in coal mines and discuss the components and features of backfill materials, the constitution of the backfill system, and the backfill process. Specific implementation of this technology and its application are analyzed for paste backfill mining in Daizhuang Coal Mine; a practical implementation shows that paste backfill mining can improve the safety and excavation rate of coal mining, which can effectively resolve surface subsidence problems caused by underground mining activities, by utilizing solid waste such as coal gangues as a resource. Therefore, paste backfill mining is an effective clean coal mining technology, which has widespread application.
27
Wu, Xuefei, Hongxia Li, Baoli Wang e Mengbo Zhu. "Review on Improvements to the Safety Level of Coal Mines by Applying Intelligent Coal Mining". Sustainability 14, n. 24 (7 dicembre 2022): 16400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416400.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
China suffers the worst coal mine disasters in the world. Lots of miners lose their lives or suffer occupational injury. Fortunately, China is developing vigorously intelligent coal mining, which is the combination of traditional coal mining and the latest technology. Mining expects to relieve or solve coal mine safety, health and intensive labor issues and ensure energy security by applying intelligent coal mining. This paper fully reviews the promotion of intelligent coal mining to coal mine safety. Firstly, a brief history of intelligent coal mining is introduced. Then the safety motivation of the intelligent coal mine is discussed in four perspectives, including current the coal mine safety tendency, the positive impact of mechanized coal mining on safety, coal mine safety conception of “Mechanization Replacement and Automation Reduction”, and government initiatives. The intelligent prevention and control scheme of major disasters matching intelligent coal mining are also reviewed in the present paper, including intelligent gas extraction, intelligent coal and gas outburst/rock-burst prevention, and the real-time monitoring of water diversion fissure zone. Finally, the positive impacts of intelligent coal mining on safety are evaluated. Compared with traditional longwall face, the number of miners of coal cutting shift is reduced from 20~30 to 5~7, and the working environment is greatly improved. The statistics have shown that the employees in large coal mines, the mortality rates per 106 tons of coal output, and the number of deaths decreased by 33%, 72.2%, and 66.9% during the period of rapid development of intelligent mining technology (2016–2021). In the future, more and more key technologies and management skills should be introduced, aiming at workless mining and the intrinsic safety of the coal mine. This paper provides a way for safety researchers around the world to understand the tendency of coal mine safety in China.
28
Zaburdayev, V. S., e A. V. Shlyapin. "Degassing of the Converged Coal Seams of the Directional Route by Wells". Occupational Safety in Industry, n. 10 (ottobre 2023): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-10-7-11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The technology of conducting degassing operations at the mines of Russia is determined by the experience of many years of using means of extracting methane from coal seams and worked-out spaces by drilling wells on coal seams under development, on converged layers, mainly under-worked, unloaded by a working face from rock pressure. The parameters of the degassing of methane release sources at the extraction areas of coal mines were determined based on the results of scientific studies of the processes of methane release into degassing wells and mine workings, methane content of coal seams, gas content of workings, extraction modes of captive methane-air mixtures, their gas composition, suitability for disposal. The dependences were established related to the methane content of coal seams on the yield of volatile substances, gas recovery indicators, and the rate of reduction of methane release during the operation of wells drilled in the plane of the coal seam at high-performance coal mines. The analysis of the results of the operation of coal mines in Russia was carried out, where the degree of methane extraction based on degassing and gas suction at mining sites was 760 m3/min or 54 % of all methane at 193 exploited sites. In 30 areas where degassing was used, this figure reached 1050 m3/min (75 % of the total). At the same time, the flow rate of captured methane was 365 m3/min, including 237 m3/min (60 %) at 6 mines. Studies of degassing parameters of the converged coal seams were carried out in mining areas where the development workings are separated from the mined-out space of the entire coal. In areas of mining operations with high methane release from undermined coal seams, a complex of underground degassing schemes was applied using long directional wells drilled from a local working with its horizontal part brought into the plane of the adjacent seam. The technology, performance and parameters of degassing are determined taking into account the mining conditions of occurrence and mining of coal seams, and the provisions of the regulatory instructions.
29
Szlązak, Nikodem, Marek Borowski, Dariusz Obracaj, Justyna Swolkień e Marek Korzec. "Comparison of Methane Drainage Methods Used in Polish Coal Mines". Archives of Mining Sciences 59, n. 3 (20 ottobre 2014): 655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2014-0046.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Methane drainage is used in Polish coal mines in order to reduce mine methane emissions as well as to keep methane concentration in mine workings at safe levels. This article describes methods of methane drainage during mining used in Polish coal mines. The first method involves drilling boreholes from tailgate roadway to an unstressed zone in roof or floor layers of a mined seam. It is the main method used in Polish mining, where both the location of drilled boreholes as well as their parameters are dependent on mining and ventilation systems of longwalls. The second method is based on drilling overlying drainage galleries in seams situated under or over the mined seam. This article compares these methods with regard to their effectiveness under mining conditions in Polish mines. High effectiveness of methane drainage of longwalls with different ventilation and methane drainage systems has been proven. The highest effectiveness of methane drainage has been observed for the system with overlying drainage gallery and with the parallel tailgate roadways. In case of classic U ventilation system of longwall panel, boreholes drilled from the tailgate roadway behind the longwall front are lost.
30
Zhang, Bao Ding, e Bai Shun Su. "Design of Position System of Underground Mines Based on Zigbee Technology". Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (luglio 2013): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.691.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Safety problem has been one of the major issues in coal mining process. Therefore, a perfect mine safety monitoring system is necessary. It is one of the important aspects of a safety monitoring system how to acquire the exact position information real-timely of staff underground coal mines. To solve the problem of how to acquire of miners position, based on coal mine structure characteristics, with Zigbee technology, a kind of position system of underground coal mines is designed in the paper, and the efficiency of mine safety monitoring system can be improved greatly.
31
Chen, Haoyi, Zhiheng Cheng e Dezhong Kong. "Evaluation of mining capacity of mines using the combination weighting approach: A case study in Shenmu Mining Area in Shaanxi Province, China". Science Progress 104, n. 4 (ottobre 2021): 003685042110440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211044032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aiming at the low mining rate in mines, Xingelao, Dabianyao, and Dongliang Coal Mines in Shenmu Mining Area, Shaanxi Province, China were taken as research objects. Based on this, this study constructed an evaluation index system for the mining capacity of the mines from the perspectives of geological factors, mechanical equipment, humans, and mining design. Moreover, the factors influencing the mining capacity of the mines were evaluated using a combination weighting approach based on an improved analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weight method. A standard cloud was generated based on the mapping standards of each index and a comprehensive cloud was obtained according to comprehensive weight and a backward cloud algorithm. Finally, by combining the comprehensive cloud with local and overall scores of the mines, the mining capacities of the mines were evaluated. The research results demonstrate that the key factor restricting the mining capacity of the mines is the geological environment and five major third-grade indexes affecting mining capacity are igneous rock intrusion, collapse column, scouring zone of the ancient river bed, mechanization level and coal pillar width. In addition, the corresponding suggestions and measures were put forward according to the main factors influencing the mining rate of the mines. In accordance with the weights and scores of each index, the overall scores of the mines were calculated. Dongliang, Dabianyao, and Xingelao Coal Mines were ranked in order based on scores. The research results provide a theoretical basis for improving the mining capacity of the mines under similar geological conditions.
32
Balovtsev, S. V. "Higher rank aerological risks in coal mines". Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) 7, n. 4 (26 dicembre 2022): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2022-08-18.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The steady trend of complication of mining and geological factors in underground coal mining and at the same time the processes of mining intensification cause growth of dynamic manifestations of natural factors of mining, such as sudden coal and gas outbursts, rock bursts, rock collapses, leading to gas and dust explosions and fires. This requires developing the models of different phenomena manifestation risks, which enable improving the process safety of a mining enterprise. In this study, based on the methodology of aerological risk assessment in coal mines, a structural analysis of aerological risks was carried out. The criteria of hazard of mining-geological and mine engineering factors and vulnerability of schemes and methods of ventilation, ventilation facilities, and main fans were developed. A hierarchical structure of aerological risks of higher ranks was developed. The presented risk structure allows determining the area of superposition of hazards of coal mining and vulnerability of ventilation systems for each mine and its individual facilities, as well as quantifying these areas in the form of aerological risks. The ranges of aerological risk values of higher ranks for super-category mines and mines hazardous by sudden coal and gas outbursts for different ventilation modes were established. The presented methodology enables forecasting and reducing aerological risks in course of designing, operation, liquidation, and conservation of coal mines.
33
Shah, Kausar Sultan, Mohsin Ali Khan, Sajid Khan, Abdur Rahman, Naseer Muhammad Khan e Naeem Abbas. "Analysis of Underground Mining Accidents at Cherat Coalfield, Pakistan". International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, n. 1 (7 luglio 2020): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss1.2020.422.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coal is the most extensively used nonrenewable energy source worldwide. In Pakistan coal is mostly mined by underground mining methods under poor and unsafe working environment. In this study, accident records of underground coal mines of Cherat coal field were collected and analysis was carried out to understand the consequences, time of occurrence and causes of accidents. Besides, occupation of a victim, responsible party and effects on production were also considered in present study. The relationship between workers’ age and severity rate was examined using regression analysis. The main causes of accidents were the fall of the roof, mine gases, electrocution, oxygen deficiency and slip fall. At Cherat coalfield, for every two mines, there is one fatality and most of the accidents occur due to roof fall between 10:00 am to 12:00 noon. It is due to the stress of production efficiency. Moreover, there is a negligible impact of accidents on coal production at Cherat coalfield from 1994 to 2015. Keywords
34
Shah, Kausar Sultan, Mohsin Ali Khan, Sajid Khan, Abdur Rahman, Naseer Muhammad Khan e Naeem Abbas. "Analysis of Underground Mining Accidents at Cherat Coalfield, Pakistan". International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, n. 1 (7 luglio 2020): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v11i1.422.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coal is the most extensively used nonrenewable energy source worldwide. In Pakistan coal is mostly mined by underground mining methods under poor and unsafe working environment. In this study, accident records of underground coal mines of Cherat coal field were collected and analysis was carried out to understand the consequences, time of occurrence and causes of accidents. Besides, occupation of a victim, responsible party and effects on production were also considered in present study. The relationship between workers’ age and severity rate was examined using regression analysis. The main causes of accidents were the fall of the roof, mine gases, electrocution, oxygen deficiency and slip fall. At Cherat coalfield, for every two mines, there is one fatality and most of the accidents occur due to roof fall between 10:00 am to 12:00 noon. It is due to the stress of production efficiency. Moreover, there is a negligible impact of accidents on coal production at Cherat coalfield from 1994 to 2015. Keywords
35
K., Jasmine, Sanjith Krishna S., Subashini B., Swethaa Shree V. e Rajavarma R. "Smart Wearable Device for Enhancing Safety and Efficiency of Coal Miners". Journal of Innovative Image Processing 6, n. 3 (settembre 2024): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2024.3.002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The task of ensuring worker safety in underground coal mines has never been simple. It has always been challenging to ensure worker safety in underground coal mines. Coal miners are seriously injured or killed as a result of numerous fatal and non-fatal accidents all over the world. Accidents occur as a result of lack of monitoring of mining areas and failure to implement proper safety measures. In this review, the coal miner's smart wearable safety device is implemented. A smart wearable safety device that will monitor the miner's health and provides precautionary measures for the miner's safety has been developed with the advent of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Integrating smart wearable safety devices with various health sensors such as a pulse rate sensor, temperature sensor, blood oxygen sensor, gas sensor, and camera, and then connecting it to Node MCU, and the internet enhances the safety of coal miners. Sensors constantly transmit sensor data to the cloud, and if an unusual situation arises, it notifies the responsible person in the control room as well as the miners. Since deep underground mining is especially susceptible to toxic gases, low levels of oxygen, and hazardous gases, the MQ gas sensor family can detect them. The proposed system is primarily used to improve working conditions inside coal mines and to ensure workers' safety.
36
Song, Dong, Bukang Wang, Jifang Pang, Zhifu Guo, Anna Wang e Yuge Niu. "Feasibility Evaluation of Highwall Mining in Open-Pit Coal Mine Based on Method of Integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process–Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation–Variable Weight Theory". Electronics 12, n. 21 (30 ottobre 2023): 4460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214460.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Highwall mining is a method that involves using a continuous highwall miner system (CHM) to extract coal from the remaining coal seams, which has proven to be an effective and safe method for extracting coal after open-pit mining. However, application cases globally have shown that the feasibility of highwall mining in open-pit coal mines is subject to geological conditions, mining techniques, and other factors. If application conditions are not suitable, equipment may be trapped under collapsed coal–rock masses and unable to be retrieved, resulting in severe safety issues for slope stability. To meet the real-world demand for extracting the remaining coal in open-pit coal mines in China, it is urgent to conduct a feasibility evaluation of highwall mining in these areas. This paper establishes a mathematical evaluation framework for assessing the feasibility of highwall mining by summarizing a large number of engineering application cases globally and analyzing various technical characteristics such as geological deposit conditions, mining techniques, and technical equipment. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) and variable weight theory (VWT) are utilized in conjunction to form this framework, which includes four secondary indicators: geological deposit factors, mining technique factors, safety impact factors, and economic evaluation factors, and 20 tertiary sub-indicators, along with their corresponding characteristic values. The feasibility sub-set is divided into four categories: infeasible, basically feasible, relatively feasible, and highly feasible, and the values of the sub-indicators strictly follow and represent these four levels of feasibility. Weight vectors for the sub-indicators are obtained through a judgment matrix established within the mathematical evaluation framework. The fuzzy relationship matrix of the sub-indicators is constructed using fuzzy mathematical membership functions, and the final feasibility evaluation is determined through two-level comprehensive evaluation. The accuracy of the model is verified using the characteristic parameters of open-pit coal mines under two different conditions (JZT coal mine in Inner Mongolia, China, and GC coal mine in Australia). The results demonstrate that the maximum evaluation membership degree for the JZT mine is 0.7113, belonging to the “highly feasible” level, while the GC mine is 0.3304, belonging to the “basically feasible” level, which aligns well with real-world usage, proving that the evaluation model can effectively reveal the performance and membership degree of each indicator in different application cases. By quantitatively characterizing the feasibility level of highwall mining technology under different application conditions, this evaluation model can provide scientific guidance for coal mining enterprises to introduce CHM for highwall mining operation in open-pit coal mines.
37
Sharma, Anjali, e Geeta Sumbali. "Ecobiology of coal mines and spoils". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, n. 3 (10 settembre 2019): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i3.2130.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coal is an important non-renewable source of energy, which is being constantly used by mankind for various purposes. Coal mining activities affect the surrounding ecosystem by contaminating it with traces of toxic metals, which may accumulate and affect the diversity and abundance of biological communities. A number of microorganisms, such as, filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria are known to degrade coal by their enzymatic action and use it as the sole source of carbon. In addition, the indoor environments of coal mines possess bioaerosols, which may include living or dead allergens, pathogenic or non-pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses, mycotoxins, bacterial endotoxins, peptidoglycans, etc., that may cause skin, respiratory tract and other health problems. This article throws light on the impact of coal mining on the surrounding ecosystem, degradation of coal by the microbial inhabitants and their effects on the health of miners.
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Makarov, Vitalii, e Mykola Perov. "Assessment of the prospectiveness of operating coal mining enterprises". System Research in Energy 2023, n. 2 (9 giugno 2023): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.02.018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A new methodology for ranking coal mines by the integral coefficient of prospects has been developed. Unlike the known ones, the developed methodology uses a system of volumetric, technological, financial, economic, safety, environmental and social criteria for the functioning of coal industry enterprises that are accessible to the general public. These criteria have been brought to a comparable form. The methodology also takes into account the degree of importance of each criterion in terms of its impact on the technical and economic level of the mine. The system of criteria for the prospects of coal mining enterprises includes the following: installed production capacity of mines, coal production volumes, coal production volumes using new technologies, the cost of coal products, the category of mines by sudden coal and gas emissions, the number of employees and the number of residents of the community where the mine is located, and methane emissions. Mine ratings were calculated to identify unpromising mines that will be considered for further operation or closure. The calculations took into account the WTO requirements for the prospects of coal mining enterprises, as well as the consequences of military operations in Ukraine. The mines were analyzed for two areas of coal product use, namely for energy and coke production. The developed methodology allowed us to form a list of promising coal mining enterprises for steam and coking coal production. The research results provide an opportunity to make managerial decisions on further operation or closure of unpromising coal mining enterprises when developing forecasts of coal fuel supply for thermal power and the country's economy as a whole. The decision on the feasibility of further operation will be made for mines of the lower group. Keywords: coal industry, methodology, ranking, criteria, perspective.
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Tkocz, Maria. "Efekty restrukturyzacji górnictwa węgla kamiennego w Polsce". Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 9 (1 gennaio 2006): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.9.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents changes in the functioning of hard coal mining in Poland in the period of development of free market economy, i.e. after 1989. During this period some attempts were made to bring the coal mining to remunerativeness. Five programmes of coal mining restructuring were implemented. Their main aim was the reduction of excessive production capacities. 23 coal mains were closed down in the period 1989–2003, especially in the northern and eastern parts of the coal basin, which include the areas where coal exploitation was the longest and coal resources are located under considerably urbanised areas, often within safety pillars (Bytom, Chorzów, Gliwice, Zabrze, Będzin, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Sosnowiec). As a consequence, coal production fell from 177.4 million tonnes to 100.5 million tonnes and the employment decreased from 415.7 thousand to 135.7 thousand. An organisational structure is represented by three coal syndicates: Katowice Capital Group with 8 coal mines, Coal Campaign with 23 coal mines and Jastrzębie Coal Company with 5 coal mines.
40
Yutiaev, Evgeny, Anatoly Meshkov, Anton Popov e Arcady Shabarov. "Allocation of the geo-dynamically hazardous zones during intensive mining of flat-lying coal seams in the mines of SUEK-Kuzbass JSC". E3S Web of Conferences 134 (2019): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913401022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hazardous and ineffective mines were closed, and a number of underground and strip mines of a modern technological level were built as a result of the restructuring of the coal industry in Russia. However, safety in the coal mines continues to be one of the urgent issues nowadays. In underground coal mining, the main types of risks are processes occurring in the rock mass as a result of mining operations. It is necessary to realize timeous and the most accurate prediction of harmful events, which occur during a development of coal fields, to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of coal mining. The most optimal and, at the same time, comprehensive approach to predicting possible natural hazardous events in the process of modern coal mining are considered in this article. The results of implementation of integration of different methods of geodynamic and geomechanics researches are presented in this paper.
41
Zhylinska, Оksana, Valery Balan e Tatiana Petrovska. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROSPECTS OF UKRAINIAN COAL MINES BY THE COPRAS-G METHOD". Ekonomika 92, n. 4 (1 gennaio 2013): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2013.0.2340.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. The article covers the elaboration of a methodical toolkit of assessing the prospects of coal mines, which allows for the differentiation of enterprises by an integrated index of their prospects as regards mining and the geological conditions of each coal mine. Is proposed An algorithm for the coal mine prospects assessment, of containing the stages of selecting the characteristics of mining and geological conditions, the use of a multi-attribute assessment by the COPRAS-G interval data, and the rating of coal mines. A comparative analysis of the prospects, employing the COPRAS-G method, was tested on an the example of 14 coal mines of the Central district Donbass of Ukraine.Key words: comparative analysis, prospects, coal mines, multi-attribute assessment, imprecise data, COPRASG method, CEE
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Rurek, Mirosław, Alicja Gonia e Marcin Hojan. "Environmental and Socio-Economic Effects of Underground Brown Coal Mining in Piła Młyn (Poland)". Land 11, n. 2 (31 gennaio 2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020219.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Poland, apart from opencast mining, brown coal (lignite) was also mined by underground methods. This is related to glaciotectonic disturbances leading to deposition of Miocene coal in the form of folds (synclines and anticlines). The highest number of underground brown coal mines in the 19th century was recorded in western Poland. In northern Poland in the second half of the 19th century there were active underground brown coal mines in Piła Młyn. The study aims to present the environmental and socio-economic effects of discontinuing lignite mining. It is a unique example of cultural heritage and influences the tourist development of the region. To this end, historical topographic maps were used together with data from LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) laser scanning, available descriptions and scientific articles about coal mines. Information from the local inhabitants and representatives of the “BUKO” Association (the Association of Inhabitants and Enthusiasts of Piła nad Brdą “BUKO”) was also obtained. As shown by the results of the analyses, changes in the environment are manifested in terrain relief and highlight the location of former coal mines. Clear land subsidence is arranged in linear sequences and occurs as single landforms. Recesses at the former extraction sites are very distinct. The socio-economic effects observed include activity of the inhabitants and development of rural areas. The area also offers good prospects for tourism as a themed mining village attracts tourists and is a unique amenity in Poland. The subject matter of this article is also of importance from the standpoint of civil engineering since post-mining areas cannot be repurposed for residential development. Due to changes in the relief in this area in places other than those analyzed, scientific research will be conducted here, which will allow to answer other hypotheses (brown coal transport).
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Smoliński, Adam, Dmyto Malashkevych, Mykhailo Petlovanyi, Kanay Rysbekov, Vasyl Lozynskyi e Kateryna Sai. "Research into Impact of Leaving Waste Rocks in the Mined-Out Space on the Geomechanical State of the Rock Mass Surrounding the Longwall Face". Energies 15, n. 24 (15 dicembre 2022): 9522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249522.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Backfilling technology is not always used by mining enterprises, which is conditioned by technological and economic factors, such as the need for high mining rates and costs for the technological processes of transporting backfill materials from the daylight surface to the mined-out space. This concerns the underground mining of hard coal, which is a strategic energy resource, in the mines of Ukraine. This paper aims to study the effect of leaving the waste bottom rocks in the mined-out space of the longwall face without their drawing to the earth’s surface on the geomechanical state of the rocks surrounding the longwall face. The geomechanical assessment of the stress state of the rock mass surrounding the longwall face, when leaving the waste rocks from the seam bottom rocks in the mined-out space, is performed by the finite element method using the Ansys software package. A geomechanical model has been developed and substantiated, which adequately reflects the mining-geological conditions for seam mining within the extraction site, the actual structure and properties of the coal-bearing rock stratum, the parameters of the longwall face and the modified powered support for the processes of leaving the rocks in the mined-out space. The values and patterns have been determined of the decrease in the stress intensity concentrations in the coal-bearing roof mass in the frontal bearing pressure zone and destressing zone with an increase in the ratio of the rock pack thickness to the extracting seam thickness. The relative indicators of the load on the powered support section and the lowering of its roof have been determined by the ratio of the thickness of the rock pack formed in the mined-out space to the extracting seam thickness. The proposed mining method is of significant commercial and research interest for owners of coal mines developing thin coal seams because environmental costs for placing waste on the surface are reduced, and the energy potential of coal is increased due to the separation of waste rocks from coal in underground conditions. The need for a cycle of beneficiation of mined mass is eliminated and the geomechanical conditions of coal mining processes are improved.
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Sotskov, V. O., O. O. Podvyhina, N. I. Dereviahina e D. S. Malashkevych. "Substantiating the criteria for applying selective excavation of coal deposits in the Western Donbass". Вісник Дніпропетровського університету. Геологія, географія 26, n. 1 (30 marzo 2018): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111817.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The provision of the energy system of Ukraine with a stable supply of coal in the long term demands calculation of the capacity of the exploitable deposits. Ukrainian deposits are characterized by insignificant thickness and complicated mining-geological conditions, which significantly complicates the mining process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use new energy-efficient technologies of coal mining. The article evaluates the criteria of usefulness of thin layers of deposits in the Western Donbass, which contains 25 bn t of coal, i.e 21.3% of total resources of the country, for processing in selective technology. According to the geologicstructural factor, we distinguished the fields of mines of hydrodynamically “open” and “close” types, the water inflows of which differ by a factor of ten. Taking the example of the mines of the east group, we ascertained the potential of the most promising coal reserves, which are appropriate for mining using selective technology. It was established that in these conditions, selective technology of coal excavation would not only allow a decrease in the ash content of the coal output, but would also prolong the period of the industries` operation. Backfilling of mined-out areas decreases the technogenic load on the underground and surface hydrosphere, decreases the subsidence of the surface and the volume of waste rocks.
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Ji, Hong Juan. "A Study on Safety Culture Construction for Coal Mine". Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (settembre 2014): 5949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5949.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coal mine safety in China has witnessed marked improvement. Coal mining enterprises has embarked on a new phase of development with the number of accidents and fatalities continuing to reduce. Nevertheless, the safety situation in coal mines has not been fundamentally changed with catastrophic accidents still haunting coal miners and the country. Coal mine safety presupposes a sound safety culture. Given its pivotal role in strengthening coal mine safety capacity, this paper is devoted to analyzing the status of safety culture in the coal mine production, the function of safety culture, and the problems of safety culture construction for coal mine and working out for coal mining enterprises the pragmatic approaches to improving safety culture.
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Zaburdayev, V. S., E. V. Fedorov e F. S. Belousov. "Degassing of the Developed Coal Seams along a Directional Route Using Wells". Occupational Safety in Industry, n. 9 (settembre 2023): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-59-64.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The technology for conducting degassing work in the Russian mines is determined by the experience of half a century of using methods and means to reduce the methane abundance of excavation areas based on drilling wells along the developed and adjacent coal seams into mined-out spaces. The parameters of degassing and methane emission sources are legalized by the industry regulations, scientifically substantiated, and published in the scientific and practical works. The mines of the Kuznetsk coal basin and the Vorkuta deposit, mainly with high productivity of coal mining in the conditions of developing a suite of methane-bearing coal seams using complex mechanized faces were selected as objects of study: named after S.M. Kirov, named after V.D. Yalevsky (formerly «Kotinskaya»), Boldyrevsky coal seams (index 24) and seam 52. Gas hazard of the coal mines is determined by the volume of methane emissions, explosions of methane-air mixtures, loss of people life and is caused by the joint influence of natural, mining, organizational and subjective factors. The main indicator of gas hazard when developing a suite of methane-bearing coal seams is the absolute methane abundance of the excavation area. The method was used to predict the intensity of methane release from the exposed surface of a mined coal seam into the bottomhole space of the longwall and adjacent coal seams. Methane release from the exposed surface of a contiguous coal seam, subject to unloading from the rock pressure, was determined by analogy with the mined seam. The release of methane from the broken coal was established experimentally. When the working face unloads adjacent coal seams, the intensity of methane release from them into the working face is summed up.
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Kaur, Amarjit. "Hewers and Haulers: A History of Coal Miners and Coal Mining in Malaya". Modern Asian Studies 24, n. 1 (febbraio 1990): 75–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00001177.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The history of coal mining in Malaya is synonymous with the history of Malayan Collieries and Batu Arang town since coal was only ever economically mined in this small area in Ulu Selangor. The town of Batu Arang, the Malayan Collieries and the mines left an indelible mark on Malayan history. Previous accounts of the history of coal mining are restricted to mentions in general works on labour and the labour unrest of 1936–37 and 1946–47. This paper outlines the role of coal mining in the Malayan economy in the first half of the twentieth century. It also focuses on the history of labour at the collieries and the significant role that labour played in the development and growth of industrial activism in Malaya.
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Liu, Jiao, Shuang Li, Weijun Bao e Kun Xu. "Could the Management System of Safety Partnership Change Miners’ Unsafe Behavior?" Sustainability 14, n. 20 (20 ottobre 2022): 13618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013618.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper analyzes the management system of safety partnership in coal mining enterprises through the methods of evolutionary game and optimized behavioral propagation of SEIR, considering the miners’ benefits and losses, as well as the influencing factors from miners and enterprises. It is found that, under the influence of the management system of safety partnership within miners, after the evolutionary game between miner partners, the behavioral strategies and personal benefits of the two miners are both consistent. Moreover, the benefits of individual miner and overall benefits of two miner partners, will affect the miners’ choice of safe behavioral strategies, as a result of which, the coal mines could improve the miners’ benefits through the management system of safety partnership to stimulate the implementation of miners’ safe behavior. Additionally, under the incentive of the management system of the safety partnership, the number of miners implementing unsafe behavior is decreasing, while the number of miners who are not easily affected by unsafe behavior is increasing. When the rewards and punishments of miners are strengthened, the propagation of miners’ safe behavior is accelerated. Finally, the propagation of miners’ safe behavior has a certain spillover effect within a certain range. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of the management system of safety partnership in coal mining enterprises, which helps enterprises in guiding miners to take up safe behavior, which is better for enterprises’ safe development.
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Molina, Snider, Ismael Soto, Lily Sun e Ke Cheng Liu. "Pervasive Environment for Gases Detection and Collapses in Underground Mines". Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (febbraio 2014): 2056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.2056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Safety is an element of extreme priority in mining operations; currently many traditional mining countries are investing in the implementation of wireless sensors capable of detecting risk factors. The objective of this research is to contribute to the implementation of sensors for continuous monitoring inside underground mines providing technical parameters for the design of sensor networks applied in underground coal mines. The analyzed of applying these systems in terms of Benefit, Opportunity, Cost and Risk are discussed. Finally, a dynamic assessment of safety at underground mines it is proposed, this approach offers a contribution to design personalized monitoring networks, the experience developed in coal mines provides a tool that facilitates the application development of technology within underground coal mines.
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Nomani, M. Z. M., Ali Reja Osmani, Ghazal Salahuddin, Madiha Tahreem, Saif A. Khan e Alaa Hussein Jasim. "Environmental Impact of Rat-Hole Coal Mines on the Biodiversity of Meghalaya, India". Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 18, n. 1 (25 gennaio 2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw210010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper appreciates coal mining laws and policies applied by National Green Tribunal to ban traditional, artisanal and rat-hole coal mining in Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya (a state in India) in an attempt to conserve its environment and biodiversity. Meghalaya represents an important part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot which is one of the four bio-diversity hotspots of India and ranks 34th among the hotspots in the world. It is equally bestowed with rich deposits of coal, which can be found in the Khasi Hills, Garo Hills and Jaintia Hills districts. Coal mining from these districts is labour-intensive and involves digging narrow rat-hole sized tunnels that are four-feet high. The workers enter into the rat-hole in an extremely hazardous manner, setting aside the ergonomic principles for the extraction of coal. The legal framework of coal mining is governed by Mines Act, 1952, Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, Mineral Concession Rules, 1960, Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973, Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 and Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015. However, these laws are not applied to Meghalaya because of its constitutional status enshrined in Sixth Schedule and Article 244 of the Constitution of India, 1950. Coal mining has brought employment opportunities, tribal sustenance and economic development that led to environmental degradation, disruption of ecosystems and biological diversity. The hazardous pursuits have been bereft of safety and ergonomic principle besides being oblivious of SDF of mining laws and policies in India.