Articoli di riviste: "Coal-fired power plants"

1

Ruth, Lawrence A. "Advanced Coal-Fired Power Plants". Journal of Energy Resources Technology 123, n. 1 (30 ottobre 2000): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1348270.

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The U.S. Department of Energy is partnering with industry to develop advanced coal-fired electric power plants that are substantially cleaner, more efficient, and less costly than current plants. Low-emission boiler systems (LEBS) and high-performance power systems (HIPPS) are based, respectively, on the direct firing of pulverized coal and the indirectly fired combined cycle. LEBS uses a low-NOx slagging combustion system that has been shown in pilot-scale tests to emit less than 86 g/GJ (0.2 lb/106 Btu) of NOx. Additional NOx removal is provided by a moving bed copper oxide flue gas cleanup system, which also removes 97–99 percent of sulfur oxides. Stack levels of NOx can be reduced to below 9 g/GJ (0.02 lb/106 Btu). Construction of an 80 MWe LEBS proof-of-concept plant is scheduled to begin in the spring of 1999. Engineering development of two different HIPPS configurations is continuing. Recent tests of a radiant air heater, a key component of HIPPS, have indicated the soundness of the design for air temperatures to 1150°C. LEBS and HIPPS applications include both new power plants and repowering/upgrading existing plants.

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Chan, Hei Sing (Ron), Maureen L. Cropper e Kabir Malik. "Why Are Power Plants in India Less Efficient than Power Plants in the United States?" American Economic Review 104, n. 5 (1 maggio 2014): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.586.

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India's coal-fired generating capacity doubled between 1990 and 2010 and currently accounts for 70 percent of electricity produced. Despite this, thermal efficiency at state-owned coal-fired power plants in India is significantly lower than at plants in the United States. When matched on age and capacity, heat input per kWh was 8 percent higher at Indian plants between 1997 and 2009. This can only partly be explained by the lower heat content of Indian coal. Electricity sector restructuring in the United States improved thermal efficiency at investor-owned plants; however, electricity sector restructuring in India has yet to improve thermal efficiency at state-owned coal-fired power plants.

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Xu, Bo, Liucheng Wu e Jiexin Wang. "How does carbon emissions trading scheme affect emission reduction decisions of coal-fired power plants? An evolutionary game theoretic perspective". E3S Web of Conferences 441 (2023): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344103017.

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Carbon emissions trading scheme (CETS) is widely regarded as a cost-effective marketbased regulation for carbon abatement. In the context of CETS, this study develops an evolutionary game model that incorporates two representative coal-fired power plants and a government. Our model captures the interplay of emission reduction strategies between coal-fired power plants and endogenously incorporates government regulatory decisions. We analyze the strategic decisions of coal-fired power plants by discussing the dynamics and equilibrium of the game. Our findings demonstrate that in the absence of government implementation of CETS, coal-fired power plants refrain from investing in carbon abatement. However, with the enforcement of CETS, along with sufficient penalties for excessive carbon emissions, coal-fired power plants become inclined to invest in emission reduction. Furthermore, the willingness of coal-fired power plants to invest in carbon abatement exhibits a negative relationship with both the quota and the cost of emission reduction.

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Chio, Chia-Pin, Wei-Cheng Lo, Ben-Jei Tsuang, Chieh-Chun Hu, Kai-Chen Ku, Yi-Sheng Wang, Yung-Jen Chen, Hsien-Ho Lin e Chang-Chuan Chan. "County-Wide Mortality Assessments Attributable to PM2.5 Emissions from Coal Consumption in Taiwan". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 3 (30 gennaio 2022): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031599.

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Over one-third of energy is generated from coal consumption in Taiwan. In order to estimate the health impact assessment attributable to PM2.5 concentrations emitted from coal consumption in Taiwan. We applied a Gaussian trajectory transfer-coefficient model to obtain county-wide PM2.5 exposures from coal consumption, which includes coal-fired power plants and combined heat and power plants. Next, we calculated the mortality burden attributable to PM2.5 emitted by coal consumption using the comparative risk assessment framework developed by the Global Burden of Disease study. Based on county-level data, the average PM2.5 emissions from coal-fired plants in Taiwan was estimated at 2.03 ± 1.29 (range: 0.32–5.64) μg/m3. With PM2.5 increments greater than 0.1 μg/m3, there were as many as 16 counties and 66 air quality monitoring stations affected by coal-fired plants and 6 counties and 18 monitoring stations affected by combined heat and power plants. The maximum distances affected by coal-fired and combined heat and power plants were 272 km and 157 km, respectively. Our findings show that more counties were affected by coal-fired plants than by combined heat and power plants with significant increments of PM2.5 emissions. We estimated that 359.6 (95% CI: 334.8–384.9) annual adult deaths and 124.4 (95% CI: 116.4–132.3) annual premature deaths were attributable to PM2.5 emitted by coal-fired plants in Taiwan. Even in six counties without power plants, there were 75.8 (95% CI: 60.1–91.5) deaths and 25.8 (95%CI: 20.7–30.9) premature deaths annually attributable to PM2.5 emitted from neighboring coal-fired plants. This study presents a precise and effective integrated approach for assessing air pollution and the health impacts of coal-fired and combined heat and power plants.

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Honghai, Yu, Wang Zhi, Chen Li e Wu Jianan. "CO2 Emission Calculation and Emission Characteristics Analysis of Typical 600MW Coal-fired Thermal Power Unit". E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016501029.

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In order to effectively reduce the total CO2 emissions of coal-fired power plants and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the relevant data of a typical 600MW coal-fired power plant in the past five years was collected and investigated, and CO2 emissions and emission intensity were calculated. And the results were used to measure the CO2 emission level of coal-fired power plants. By comparing and analyzing the CO2 emission intensity and emission trend of 600MW coal-fired units with different unit types and different fuel types, the CO2 emission characteristics of typical 600MW coal-fired power plants are obtained.

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Fan, Qing Xin, Jin Meng Li e Wei Qiu. "Construction of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Evaluation Index System in Coal-Fired Power Plants and its Application". Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (giugno 2014): 1875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1875.

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According to the analysis of coal-fired power plants, the article built the evaluation index system of coal-fired power plants energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we determined the weight of each evaluation index. By using the calculation of rating scores in cleaner production, we set up a model of energy conservation and emission reduction for coal-fired power plants. On the basis of the results, the level of coal-fired power plants energy conservation and emission reduction was divided into five levels: excellent, good, medium, pass and fail. Taking a coal-power plant in Heilongjiang Province as an example, we drew a conclusion that the score of energy conservation and emission reduction in the coal-power plant was 89.52 which represents the good level. According to the evaluation result, we proposed corresponding suggestions. The results provide decision-makers with ideas and methods for energy conservation and emission reduction evaluation in the coal-fired power plant.

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Yun, Xiaolong. "Preliminary Analysis and Discussion on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Coal-fired Power Plants". 节能环保 4, n. 1 (2019): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/jnhb.2019.01.007.

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With the rapid development of the social economy, the severe dual constraints of environment and resources are particularly evident. In order to further promote the national energy transformation and development, and promote the development of high-quality energy, it is necessary to optimize the energy structure, promote coal safety and green development and clean and efficient utilize and deepen the reform of the electricity market, promote energy-saving and ultra-clean emission transformation of coal-fired power plants, organize power plants to fight against the comprehensive transformation of energy-saving and emission reduction, innovate technologies and equipment, accelerate the transformation and application of new technologies and new achievements, and improve the energy-saving and reduction of coal-fired power plants synergies to improve the profitability and survivability of coal-fired power plants. This paper specifically analyzes and discusses the energy-saving and emission-reduction management of coal-fired power plants, and seeks effective countermeasures and measures for energy-saving and emission-reduction to promote coal-fired power plants to achieve clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient development goals.

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Li, Xutao, Dahai Yu, Yan Li, Shibin Bai, Yong Ren e Ming Nian. "Research on Grid-connected Performance of Solar-thermal-storage Coupled System Including Thermal, PV and Flywheel". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2433, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2433/1/012034.

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Abstract With the rapid development of renewable energy, the demand for frequency regulation and peak shaving of coal-fired power plants is increasing. As the utilization hours of coal-fired power plants are gradually reduced, the economy of coal-fired power plants is gradually reduced. In order to improve the economic benefits of thermal power plants, thermal power plants are changing from the income model dominated by power generation to the income model of “cogeneration of power generation and auxiliary power service”. Among them, the energy storage system of Lingwu power plant of Ningxia electric power company of Guoneng group belongs to the first large-scale thermal power plant large-capacity solar thermal energy storage (flywheel) project at home and abroad. While ensuring the functions of conventional power supply, heating and cogeneration, the system can also provide auxiliary power services, support the safe and stable operation of a large power grid, and improve the flexibility and economic benefits of traditional thermal power plants. With the application of new technologies in coal-fired power plants, improving the economy of coal-fired generating units and power auxiliary services will be the main direction of power generation groups. At the same time, it also puts forward new requirements for power grid operation.

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9

Dworkin, M., S. Vale, E. Crivella; e M. G. Morgan. "Coal-Fired Power Plants: Imprudent Investments?" Science 315, n. 5820 (30 marzo 2007): 1791b—1792b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.315.5820.1791b.

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Moumakwa, D. O., e K. Marcus. "Tribology in coal-fired power plants". Tribology International 38, n. 9 (settembre 2005): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.02.009.

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Priambodo, Nur Widi, Jangkung Raharjo e Mamat Rokhmat. "Land Use for Renewable Energy Power Plant and the Impact of CO2 Emission: An Indonesian Case Study". International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, n. 5 (27 settembre 2022): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13298.

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The energy crisis, global warming, emissions, and greenhouse gas effects have become a global issue and an urgent problem to be resolved. CO2 is One of the contributors to global warming. The operation of fossil energy generation produces CO2 significantly. This paper examines the use of land for renewable energy power plant and the impact. The operation of 648 MW renewable energy power plants can reduce CO2 emissions by 94.78% compared to the coal-fired power plants at the same capacity. However, the construction of renewable energy plants requires a much larger area, which is 44.89 to 78.51 times the land requirement for coal-fired power plants. So, land clearing for renewable energy power plants will result in a much larger loss of land absorption for CO2 emissions compared to coal-fired power plants. The use of plantation land can reduce CO2 emissions due to the total operation and clearing of land of 4,444,907.97 tons/year up to 4,452,016.56 tons/year compared to the construction of the coal-fired power plant, at the same capacity. The use of plantation land for the construction of renewable energy power plant reduces the impact of CO2 emissions by up to 95.39% compared to the construction and operation of the coal-fired power plants.

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Wang, Meng Jiao, Hong Juan Hou e Yong Ping Yang. "Theoretical Study of Solar Energy Aided Auxiliary Steam System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (ottobre 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.105.

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This paper proposed using solar energy as the auxiliary heat source of coal-fired power plants’ auxiliary steam system based on the current status of the coal-fired power generation and solar energy utilization. Taking a 600MW coal-fired power unit as an example to analysis, it is shown that the thermal performance of the integrated system is improved and the coal consumption rate declines, which radically reduces power plants’ emissions of greenhouse gas and pollutants.

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13

Kong, Bo, e Kevin P. Gallagher. "THE GLOBALIZATION OF CHINA'S COAL INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT BANKS". Journal of East Asian Studies 21, n. 2 (luglio 2021): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2021.16.

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AbstractThis article examines the political economy of Chinese overseas development finance for coal fired power plants. In just over a decade China's two major policy banks provide more financing for overseas coal-fired power plant expansion than any other public financier in the world economy. We show how China's overseas surge in public financing for coal fired power plants is a function of a number of domestic push and foreign pull factors. Excess capacity, environmental regulation, and structural change are push factors that converge with rising demand for energy, pockets of coal abundance, and the lack of financing in Western capital markets for coal fired power plants. Fragmentation across the Chinese system and the demand for coal outside China's borders allow for a decline sector on the mainland to become a global Chinese powerhouse.

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Sandria, Andriko, Kresna Damar Adji e Jericho Julius Prabowo. "Exceptions for stop building coal-fired power plants in Indonesia". E3S Web of Conferences 467 (2023): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346705007.

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Indonesia planned to stop building new Coal-Fired Power Plants after 2023 which are in line with its NDC for Global Climate Change Regimes. But, Joko Widodo, Indonesia President, issued regulations that the government will allow to build new coal-fired power plants until 2030. This paper will explain Indonesia policy in allowing the construction of new coal-fired power plants. By using international regimes in renewable energy approach, Indonesia's role in fulfilling the needs in energy and also commitment to transform to clean energy will be explained. The Results of this paper show that Indonesia used rhetoric to show their commitment to get international support in funding for renewable energy developments. Yet, Indonesia allowing the construction of new coal-fired power plants has been used for bargaining positions for most of its interest in international forums. Indonesia got $20 billion deals from G7 Countries for transitions in The Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) scheme but is still getting international attention to get more investments. Indonesia also handled most of Non Governmental Organizations efforts to stop building new coal-fired power plants by making public statements for its reliable plant of transitions. In conclusion, Indonesia is using coal-fired power plants rhetoric to get funding for its transitions coping with the climate changes agenda in energy sectors.

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Omar J. Khaleel, Thamir Khalil Ibrahim, Firas Basim Ismail e Saiful Hasmady Abu Hassan. "Thermal Performance of Coal-Fired Power Plant based on Number of Feedwater Heaters". Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 95, n. 1 (18 giugno 2022): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.95.1.188205.

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This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using a feedwater heaters system with coal-fired power plant. Furthermore, the influence evaluation of the different coal consumption on the coal-fired power plants in terms of power output and thermal efficiency improvements. As well, this study focuses on the effect of different feedwater heaters' numbers which caused the highest exergy destruction of the coal-fired power plants. For different values of the coal consumption, a parametric study was conducted to determine the efficiency of the coal-fired power plant. The results show that, when the coal consumption increases the power output will increases too. The slight decreases in the efficiencies are due to the small differences in how the mass flow rates of different streams increase. The exergy destruction was increased by about 16% when the consumption of fuel increases by 40 kg/s. It was observed that operating the coal-fired power plant at high coal consumption leads to reduce the effective ness of the feedwater heaters and increases the power output.

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Pavlov, Nikita, Liudmila Takaishvili e Vasiliy Zakharov. "Prospects for the use of coal of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for energy needs". E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 05016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020905016.

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The Republic has significant resources for the development of mining, export and domestic consumption, including the energy needs of the republic and neighboring regions. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the supply of Yakut coal for energy needs and the structure of capacities by energy resources. The estimation of power-generating coal resources, including low-grade products of coking coal processing of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is given. Characteristics of coal deposits are presented, which are useful for energy needs. Projects for the development of coal-fired energy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has significant coal resources for the development of coal-fired power plants. Coal power facilities play a closing role in meeting the demand for electricity and heat. The use of coal for the development of coal-fired energy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) can be determined by the development of mining industry, the construction of power plants of small capacity in isolated areas, as well as the possibility of exporting coal-fired power plants.

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Luo, Bixiong, Li Zhang, Wei Li, Xinwei Zhu, Yongjian Ye e Yanlin Su. "Study on Conventional Island Retrofit Strategies for Converting Coal-Fired Power Plants to Nuclear Power Stations in China". Energies 17, n. 12 (13 giugno 2024): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17122912.

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The conversion of coal-fired power plants to nuclear power stations is a potential method for decarbonizing coal power and offers a pathway for low-carbon development in China’s power industry. This paper focuses on retrofitting China’s coastal coal-fired power stations and compares the potential nuclear reactor technologies for the retrofit: China’s mainstream pressurized water reactor and the commercially operated fourth-generation high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). The analysis compares the degree of matching between the two technologies and coal-fired power stations in terms of unit capacity, thermal system parameters, unit speed, structural dimensions, and weight, which significantly impact the retrofit scheme. The results indicate that HTGR is more compatible with coal-fired power plants and is recommended as the type of nuclear reactor technology to be retrofitted. The study selected the 210 MWe High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Pebble-Bed Module (HTR-PM) as the reactor technology for retrofitting a typical 300 MW class subcritical coal-fired unit. Based on the concept of subcritical parameters upgrading, the potential analysis and strategy study of retrofit is carried out in terms of the turbine, the main heat exchange equipment, the main pumps, and the main thermal system pipelines in the conventional island. The results indicate that the conventional island of the HTR-PM nuclear power plant has significant potential for retrofitting, which can be a crucial research direction for nuclear retrofitting of coal-fired power plants.

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Jin, Jingqi, Feng Xue, Bin Cai, Xinxin Yang, Yening Lai, Dalin Jiang, Yalin Mao e Yi Tao. "Economic Evaluation of CCUS Retrofitting of Coal-fired Power Plants Based on Net Cash Flow". E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123702021.

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Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is one of the key technologies for realizing large-scale low-carbon utilization of coal-fired power plants in service. How to evaluate its economics is crucial to the decision-making of traditional coal-fired power enterprises. This paper analyzes the changes in the physical, emission and economic parameters of in-service coal-fired power plants without and with the CCUS retrofit. A method for evaluating the economic feasibility of coal-fired power plants retrofitting based on net cash flow is proposed, which compares the impact of CCUS retrofit on the net present value of the remaining life cycle of the power plant. The impact of uncertain parameters such as carbon dioxide sales unit price, carbon capture device operating cost, free carbon quota, and carbon emission right price on the evaluation results are analyzed.

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Feng, Qing, Qian Huang, Qingyan Zheng e Li Lu. "New Carbon Emissions Allowance Allocation Method Based on Equilibrium Strategy for Carbon Emission Mitigation in the Coal-Fired Power Industry". Sustainability 10, n. 8 (17 agosto 2018): 2923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082923.

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The carbon emissions from coal-fired power have become an increasing concern to governments around the world. In this paper, a carbon emissions allowances allocation based on the equilibrium strategy is proposed to mitigate coal-fired power generation carbon emissions, in which the authority is the lead decision maker and the coal-fired power plants are the follower decision makers, and an interactive solution approach is designed to achieve equilibrium. A real-world case study is then given to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of this methodology. Sensitivity analyses under different constraint violation risk levels are also conducted to give authorities some insights into equilibrium strategies for different stakeholders and to identify the necessary tradeoffs between economic development and carbon emissions mitigation. It was found that the proposed method was able to mitigate coal-fired power generation carbon emissions significantly and encourage coal-fired power plants to improve their emissions performance.

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Liu, Binghan, Zhongguang Fu, Pengkai Wang, Lu Liu, Manda Gao e Ji Liu. "Big-Data-Mining-Based Improved K-Means Algorithm for Energy Use Analysis of Coal-Fired Power Plant Units: A Case Study". Entropy 20, n. 9 (13 settembre 2018): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20090702.

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The energy use analysis of coal-fired power plant units is of significance for energy conservation and consumption reduction. One of the most serious problems attributed to Chinese coal-fired power plants is coal waste. Several units in one plant may experience a practical rated output situation at the same time, which may increase the coal consumption of the power plant. Here, we propose a new hybrid methodology for plant-level load optimization to minimize coal consumption for coal-fired power plants. The proposed methodology includes two parts. One part determines the reference value of the controllable operating parameters of net coal consumption under typical load conditions, based on an improved K-means algorithm and the Hadoop platform. The other part utilizes a support vector machine to determine the sensitivity coefficients of various operating parameters for the net coal consumption under different load conditions. Additionally, the fuzzy rough set attribute reduction method was employed to obtain the minimalist properties reduction method parameters to reduce the complexity of the dataset. This work is based on continuously-measured information system data from a 600 MW coal-fired power plant in China. The results show that the proposed strategy achieves high energy conservation performance. Taking the 600 MW load optimization value as an example, the optimized power supply coal consumption is 307.95 g/(kW·h) compared to the actual operating value of 313.45 g/(kW·h). It is important for coal-fired power plants to reduce their coal consumption.

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Jiang, Peijun, Jian Chen, Yang Li, Xiuli Li, Xiaowei Qi, Jiayi Wang, Ping Chen, Wenzhong Liu e Ruwei Wang. "Partitioning and Migration of Trace Elements during Coal Combustion in Two Coal-Fired Power Plants in Hefei City, Anhui Province, Eastern China". Minerals 13, n. 2 (19 gennaio 2023): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13020152.

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Coal-fired thermal power plants that meet the huge energy demand of China largely contribute to carbon emissions, environmental pollution, and human health issues. To investigate the impact of coal-fired power plants on the environment in the most developed region of eastern China, samples of feed coal, limestone, slag, fly ash, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum were collected from two coal-fired power plants in Hefei City, Anhui Province, China. The concentrations of trace elements in these samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results show that the feed coal was slightly rich in V, Cr, Se, In, Sb, Pb, and Ga compared to common Chinese coal. Most trace elements were concentrated in fly ash, especially in the fine particles. Only Sc, Cr, Rb, and Ba were enriched in slag. The smaller the particle size of the fly ash, the higher the fraction of volatile trace elements. The elemental concentrations of old fly ash, which was precipitated in the well of the flue gas pipeline, did not show noticeable differences from fresh fly ash. In addition, the short-time storage of fly ash did not influence the trace elements. To understand the possibility of recovering rare earth elements from coal combustion by-products, the outlook coefficients (Coutl) of coal combustion by-products for the Wanneng (WN) and Tianyuan (TY) power plants were calculated, and they were found to be promising for rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY) recovery. However, as per the evaluation diagram of cut-off grade and Coutl values, all feed coal and its by-products from these two coal-fired power plants are projected to be ‘unpromising’. Therefore, the coal combustion by-products from the WN and TY coal-fired power plants were not candidates for REY recovery.

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Huang, Na, Yan Bin Zhu e Dan Jie Meng. "Novel Sorbents and their Sorptive Properties for Mercury Emissions Control of Coal-Fired Flue Gas". Advanced Materials Research 1088 (febbraio 2015): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.332.

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Mercury is a striking pollutant and mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants are under environmental regulation. The primary objective of mercury abatement in coal-fired power plants is to remove elemental mercury. Sorbent injection is one of the major commercially available technologies for mercury control from coal fired power plants and activated carbon is the most commonly employed sorbent. Modified activated carbons have been found to exhibit high mercury emission reduction efficiency. Noble metal and metal oxides also showed excellent mercury adsorption capacity. Fly ash, a waste product from coal-fired solid wastes, may be an excellent adsorbent owing to its low cost and abundance. There is no consistent evidence for the adsorption mechanism of mercury on modified activated carbon; a popular view is that the sorption mechanism is combination of physisorption and chemisorption.

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Hariana, H. P. Putra, A. A. Raksodewanto, Enjang, F. M. Kuswa, D. B. Darmadi e C. Nielsen. "Coal blending selection for CFPP fuel with slagging fouling prediction and procurement cost calculation". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 882, n. 1 (1 novembre 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012030.

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Abstract Most coal-fired power plants in Indonesia use medium and low-rank coal due to coal availability in the domestic coal market. Because of technical and economic reasons, single coal as fuel is rarely used in coal-fired power plants. Therefore the coal blending method is used. Here, the most dominant technical requirement of a coal-fired power plant is the calorific value and potential of slagging and fouling. For this reason, a selection method that involves the technical aspect of coal and coal procurement cost is carried out. This study found that from 42 types of alternative coal blend made, 18 types fulfill the potential of slagging and fouling criteria. 12 type coal blends could be prioritized as the main alternative because they fulfilled all technical aspects and coal procurement costs. The conclusion obtained from this study is the completion of the search for alternative coal blends based on technical aspects, especially slagging and fouling and procurement cost, to effectively obtain blending priority. This method can be developed for different coal-fired power plant technology and operation condition.

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Li, Tao, Yi Miao Song, Ang Li, Jing Shen, Chao Liang e Ming Gao. "Research on Green Power Dispatching Based on an Emergy-Based Life Cycle Assessment". Processes 8, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010114.

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Environmental protection pressures and green energy strategies have created major challenges for a cleaner production of China’s coal-fired power generation. Although China’s electric power dispatching department has tried to prioritize clean energy, the current dispatching models lack environmental indicators related to coal-fired power generation. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive environmental indicator for the cleanliness evaluation of coal-fired power plants. In this paper, the (Emergy-based Life Cycle Assessment) Em-LCA method is used to measure and analyze environmental related resource consumption, socio-economic investment, and emissions in the whole life cycle of coal-fired power plants. At the same time, based on the above three environmental impacts in the whole life cycle, this paper constructs the (Em-LCA based Cleaner Production Comprehensive Evaluation) ECPCE index to guide a green dispatching plan. By comparing the calculation results of the index, this paper finds that there are differences in the environmental advantages of different generating units in green dispatching, which are closely related to the process management of coal-fired power plants in production and the environment.

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Balzhiser, Richard E., e Kurt E. Yeager. "Coal-Fired Power Plants for the Future". Scientific American 257, n. 3 (settembre 1987): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0987-100.

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Giavarini, Carlo, Filippo Maccioni e Maria Laura Santarelli. "CO2 sequestration from coal fired power plants". Fuel 89, n. 3 (marzo 2010): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.035.

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Hou, Haitao, Bo Xie e Yingying Cheng. "Analysis of Carbon Emissions and Emission Reduction from Coal-Fired Power Plants Based on Dual Carbon Targets". Sustainability 15, n. 9 (28 aprile 2023): 7369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097369.

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The emission of greenhouse gases poses enormous pressure on current carbon emissions and carbon reduction. Accurate quantification of carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants is of great significance for achieving the dual carbon goal. To enable enterprises to better understand their carbon emissions, this study constructs a carbon emission model and carbon emission data accounting model for coal-fired power plants. Case data calculations and a carbon emission reduction analysis were conducted. The experiment showcases that the carbon sensitivity of the inner side of the boiler under control conditions is higher than that of the operating parameters controlled on the inner side of the steam turbine, with a maximum total value of 16.67 g/MJ; the annual average low calorific value of coal remains between 16,000 kJ/kg; the activity level of coal remains between 30,000 TJ; and the oxidation probability of coal char during combustion fluctuates, with a maximum of 99.8%. In the calculation of coal-fired carbon emissions, the fitting difference between the emissions of generator unit 1 and generator unit 2 is maintained within 2%. Overall, the CO2 emissions of power plants involved in the study are generally high. The model built through this study has well analyzed the carbon emissions of power plants. It is of great significance for the actual carbon emission reduction of coal-fired power plants.

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Wang, Xindong, Chun Yan, Wei Liu e Xinhong Liu. "Research on Carbon Emissions Prediction Model of Thermal Power Plant Based on SSA-LSTM Algorithm with Boiler Feed Water Influencing Factors". Sustainability 14, n. 23 (30 novembre 2022): 15988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315988.

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China’s power industry is a major energy consumer, with the carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by coal consumption making the power industry one of the key emission sectors. Therefore, it is crucial to explore energy conservation and emissions reduction strategies suitable for China’s current situation. Taking a typical cogeneration enterprise in North China as an example, this paper aims to establish a generalized regression prediction model for carbon emissions of coal-fired power plants, which will provide a reference for China to seek strategies for carbon peaking and carbon neutralization in the future. Firstly, in terms of the selection of influencing factors, this paper uses objective index screening methods, simulation means, and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm (XG-Boost) to analyze the feature importance of various influencing factors. It is concluded that the relevant influencing factors of the boiler feed water system have a strong correlation and characteristic importance with the carbon emissions results of coal-fired power plants. Therefore, this paper proposes to introduce these factors into the regression prediction model as auxiliary variables to more scientifically reflect the carbon emissions results of coal-fired power plants. Secondly, in the aspect of regression prediction model establishment, inspired by the sparrow’s foraging behavior and anti-predation behavior, this paper selects the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) with strong optimization ability and fast convergence speed to optimize the super parameters of the long short-term memory network algorithm (LSTM). It is proposed to use the SSA-LSTM algorithm to establish the carbon emissions regression prediction model of coal-fired power plants. The advantage of the SSA-LSTM algorithm is that it can effectively simplify the super parameter selection process of the LSTM algorithm, effectively solve the global optimization problem, prevent the model from falling into overfitting and local optimization, and make the carbon emissions regression prediction model of coal-fired power plants achieve a better fitting effect. By comparing the performance indicators of the model before and after the improvement, it is found that the regression prediction effect of the SSA-LSTM coal-fired power plant carbon emissions regression prediction model, which introduces boiler feed water influencing factors, has been effectively improved. Therefore, the model proposed in this paper can be used to conduct a comprehensive impact factor analysis and regression prediction analysis on the carbon emissions intensity of China’s coal-fired power plants, formulate targeted carbon emissions reduction countermeasures, and provide a theoretical basis for energy conservation and emissions reduction of China’s coal-fired power plants.

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Zhang, Ying, Xiaobin Dong, Xuechao Wang, Peng Zhang, Mengxue Liu, Yufang Zhang e Ruiming Xiao. "The Relationship between the Low-Carbon Industrial Model and Human Well-Being: A Case Study of the Electric Power Industry". Energies 16, n. 3 (27 gennaio 2023): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031357.

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The electric power industry is one of the major industries in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and it is necessary to explore low-carbon green power generation models. In recent years, more research has focused on the difference in carbon emissions in fossil energy versus renewable energy but ignored the impact of energy on human well-being. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method is a better method for assessing the impact of the low-carbon model on human well-being. In this paper, the carbon footprints of coal power plants and photovoltaic power (PV) plants generating 1 Kilowatt hour (kWh) of electricity are compared to analyze the degree of carbon emissions at different stages of the two models, and the environmental impact potential of the two models is analyzed using the LCA method. The differences between the two models in terms of human well-being were analyzed through questionnaires and quantified using the hierarchical analysis method. The impact of the different models on human well-being was compared using LCA method. The results of the study were as follows: the total CO2 emissions from coal-fired power generation at the 1 kWh standard were 973.38 g, while the total CO2 emissions from PV power generation were 91.95 g, and the carbon emission intensity of coal-fired power plants was higher than that of PV power plants. The global warming potential and eutrophication potential of coal-fired power plants were higher than those of PV power plants, and the rest of the indicators were lower than those of PV power plants. The composite human well-being index of PV power plants was 0.613 higher than that of coal-fired power plants at 0.561. The per capita income–global warming potential of PV power plants was higher than that of coal-fired power plants, indicating that PV power plants were a low carbon-emission and high well-being model. In conclusion, the PV power plant model is a low-carbon and high human well-being industrial model that is worthy of application in the Qilian Mountains region. The low-carbon industrial model proposed in this study can have a positive effect on regional ecological environmental protection and human well-being enhancement.

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Qiu, Hang Wai. "Establishment of multi-pollutant emission inventory for coal-fired power plants in Guangdong province: A comprehensive approach to air quality management". Applied and Computational Engineering 58, n. 1 (30 aprile 2024): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/58/20240730.

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Emissions of heavy metals from coal-fired power plants pose significant environmental and health risks. This study focuses on quantifying the point-source emissions of heavy metal elements from coal-fired power plants in Guangdong Province, a major economic region with numerous power plants. A bottom-up approach was used to calculate the emissions of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and other elements in 2018, along with scenario assumption analyses. The total emissions of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni were estimated at 2305, 7443, 7891, 298, 3039, and 7131 kg in 2018, respectively. In addition, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, due to its economic development and demand for electricity, has the highest levels of heavy metals emitted from coal-fired power plants in the region, accounting for 42.17-48.60% of the provincial emissions. Scenario simulations showed that the installation of advanced dust removal methods (e.g., LLT-ESP) significantly reduces heavy metal emissions compared to the baseline. It is crucial to continue investing in advanced dust removal technologies and enforce stricter regulations to further mitigate heavy metal emissions from coal-fired power plants.

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Cropper, Maureen, Ryna Cui, Sarath Guttikunda, Nate Hultman, Puja Jawahar, Yongjoon Park, Xinlu Yao e Xiao-Peng Song. "The mortality impacts of current and planned coal-fired power plants in India". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n. 5 (25 gennaio 2021): e2017936118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017936118.

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We examine the health implications of electricity generation from the 2018 stock of coal-fired power plants in India, as well as the health impacts of the expansion in coal-fired generation capacity expected to occur by 2030. We estimate emissions of SO2, NOX, and particulate matter 2.5 μm (PM2.5) for each plant and use a chemical transport model to estimate the impact of power plant emissions on ambient PM2.5. Concentration-response functions from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) are used to project the impacts of changes in PM2.5 on mortality. Current plus planned plants will contribute, on average, 13% of ambient PM2.5 in India. This reflects large absolute contributions to PM2.5 in central India and parts of the Indo-Gangetic plain (up to 20 μg/m3). In the south of India, coal-fired power plants account for 20–25% of ambient PM2.5. We estimate 112,000 deaths are attributable annually to current plus planned coal-fired power plants. Not building planned plants would avoid at least 844,000 premature deaths over the life of these plants. Imposing a tax on electricity that reflects these local health benefits would incentivize the adoption of renewable energy.

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Woo, JongRoul, Jungwoo Shin, Seung-Hoon Yoo e Sung-Yoon Huh. "Reducing Environmental Impact of Coal-Fired Power Plants by Building an Indoor Coal Storage: An Economic Analysis". Energies 16, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2023): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010511.

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Coal-fired power plants have been identified as one of the major sources of air pollutants in the power sector. Most coal-fired power stations have large open-air coal stockpiles, which lead to a considerable amount of fugitive dust. The construction of an indoor coal storage is known to control coal dust; however, it requires significant upfront capital. Certain power utilities, including those in South Korea, are currently considering or are required to build indoor coal storages. This study analyzed the benefit and economic feasibility of indoor coal storages in coal-fired power stations. A contingent valuation method was used to elicit people’s willingness to pay for the construction of new indoor coal storages. The results showed that, on average, a South Korean household was willing to pay KRW 59,242 (USD 53.97) in a lump-sum payment toward the construction of indoor coal storages at six coal-fired power stations (total storage capacity of 5.47 million tons of coal, with a site area of 1.15 million m2). The resulting benefit–cost ratio of the project was calculated to be 0.52, which was not economically feasible. Thus, it is recommended that the South Korean government should focus on other cost-effective projects to improve air quality.

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Sun, Qianqian, Tao Fang, Jun Chen e Chunnian Da. "Characteristics of Chlorine Releasing from Coal-Fired Power Plant". Atmosphere 12, n. 12 (24 novembre 2021): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121550.

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Chlorine (Cl) released from coal-fired power plants can be harmful to power equipment, the ecological environment and human health. Here, we investigated the Cl releasing characteristics from four coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) in China’s Anhui province based on an ion chromatography analysis of the combustion by-production samples collected from different locations of the power plants. The results showed that Cl content in coals was low (198–367 μg·g−1), which positively correlated with the contents of lead, mercury and total sulfur, but was weakly correlated with the moisture and ash yield in coal. The releasing rate of Cl during coal combustion was highly correlated with temperature and volatile matter, and most Cl is transferred into the flue gas. Dust collector and wet flue gas devices equipped in the CFPPs were robust for removing Cl in the particulate phase, and the fabric filter showed a higher removal efficiency than the electrostatic precipitator. This study can provide theoretical support for Cl pollution control in coal-fired power plants.

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Li, Yuanyuan, Zhenning Zhao, Tongrui Cheng, Jinjing Li e Ling Bai. "Method for Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Coal-fired Unit Based on Environmental Protection and Reliability". E3S Web of Conferences 204 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020401014.

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As energy problem become more important, and nation require further intensify energy-saving work, coal-fired power plants begin to pay attention increasingly to the environmental protection and reliability. The study establishe a new method for the present coal-fired unit, that can overall evaluate environmental protection and reliability regularly. The running condition of a 600MW grade coal-fired unit in 2019 is take as an example for energy efficiency evaluation. The results prove that the method is simple andconvenient for the use. It can weigh the level of safety, energy saving, environmental protection technology and management for coal-fired power plants, and is important for advancing the firm’s core competence and long-term profitability.

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Holz, Franziska, Claudia Kemfert e Robin Sogalla. "Knappes Gas – Optionen zur Verringerung der Deckungslücke in Deutschland". Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 71, n. 2 (4 agosto 2022): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2022-2078.

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Abstract In this article, we provide the results of a simple quantitative analysis of the potential remedies to reduce the supply gap in Germany that arises if Russia stops delivering natural gas. We take into account the supply potential of other suppliers, and combine this with an analysis of the additional supply potential by stopping electricity generation from natural gas. Moreover, we investigate the effect of minimum storage requirements. We find that a realistic expansion of supply by other providers, in particular Norway, combined with the temporary replacement of gas-fired power plants by coal-fired power plants and expansive storage filling to 90 % of storage capacity strongly reduces the winter supply gap. In summer months, the supply gap is even negative, indicating the potential to store even more for the winter. In other words, most of the natural gas consumption can be maintained even if Russia fails to supply to Germany. It is important that the temporary replacement of gas-fired power plants by coal-fired power plants is not accompanied by an expansion of the CO2 emission cap, in order to ensure emission neutrality of the measure. If the expansion of renewable generation capacities proceeds as planned in the German government’s „Easter Package“ of spring 2022, the increased use of coal-fired power plants can be temporary and the coal exit in 2030 can be maintained.

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Wang, Jian, Yi Liu, Guangri Li, Dongdong Sun, Yi Qu e Yunfei Lai. "Analysis on Feasibility of Applying Low-Temperature Emission to Coal-fired Power Plant in Cold Weather". E3S Web of Conferences 406 (2023): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340601002.

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After the ultra-low emission(ULE) transformation, the emissions of ULE coal-fired power plants in China have been reduced greatly. However, considering the total amount of emissions, coal-fired power plants are still among the largest sources. And there may still have great potential in the removal of colored plume and some unconventional pollutants such as condensable particles matter (CPM) and sulfur trioxide (sulfuric acid mist). Though in cold days, hazes occur frequently. Besides, low-temperature condensation is conducive to the condensation and removal of vapor, CPM and sulfur trioxide in the flue gas. In this paper, a new method of low-temperature flue gas emission is proposed for coal-fired power plants in severe cold areas. The flue gas is cooled by ambient air, and discharged without reheating, and remarkable effects can be achieved in removing the pollutants. The technical feasibility and environmental compliance of applying this method to a power plant in cold weather have been analyzed. The results show that low-temperature emission of flue gas for coal-fired power plants in winter is effective in water-saving, emission reduction of pollutants and elimination of wet plume.

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Kong, Dechang. "Review of the Method of Marnoch Heat Engine Recovering Heat from Coal-Fired Power Plants". SHS Web of Conferences 144 (2022): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214402017.

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Heat released from the stacks of coal-fired power plants is a resource that can be harnessed. This paper examines the performance of MHE in recovering useless heat from the main stack in a coal-fired power plant. The MHE units that are installed in the stack have eight (four pairs) shell and tube heat exchangers. The heat recovered by MHE is transferred to electricity and used in the coal-fired power plant. The results show that MHE is utterly useful in recovering heat from coalfired power plant. The MHE units improve the efficiency of the power plant and decrease the amount of CO2 emission, which is beneficial for environmental protection.

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He, Lu, Yudong Xia, Chuang Li, Aipeng Jiang, Yan Zhao e Fengling Xie. "Simulation and Operational Optimization of RO Based Desalination for Coal-Fired Power Plants’ Wastewater". Membranes 12, n. 5 (29 aprile 2022): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050478.

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Focusing on the problems of opaqueness and high energy consumption in coal-fired power plant wastewater recycling processes, this paper studies the simulation and operational optimization of coal-fired power plant wastewater treatment by taking a coal-fired power plant system in Inner Mongolia as an example. Firstly, based on the solution–diffusion theory, pressure drop, and osmotic concentration polarization, a mechanistic model equation for coal-fired power plant wastewater treatment is developed. Secondly, the equation fitness and equation parameters are calibrated to obtain an accurate model. Thirdly, the system is simulated and analyzed so as to obtain the influence and change trajectories of different feed flowrates, temperatures, pressures, and concentrations on various aspects of the system’s performance, such as water recovery rate, salt rejection rate, and so on. Finally, in order to reduce the operating cost of the system, an optimization analysis is carried out, with the lowest specific energy consumption and average daily operating cost as optimization goals, and the performance changes of the system before and after optimization under three different working conditions are compared. The results show that adopting the given optimal strategy can significantly reduce the system’s operational cost. This research is helpful for the digitization and low-carbon operation of coal-fired power plant wastewater treatment systems.

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So, Min Seop, Duncan Kibet, Tae Kyeong Woo, Seong-Joon Kim e Jong-Ho Shin. "Prediction of SOx-NOx Emission in Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Deep Neural Network". Machines 11, n. 12 (23 novembre 2023): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11121042.

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Coal has been used as the most commonly energy source for power plants since it is relatively cheap and readily available. Thanks to these benefits, many countries operate coal-fired power plants. However, the combustion of coal in the coal-fired power plant emits pollutants such as sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) which are suspected to cause damage to the environment and also be harmful to humans. For this reason, most countries have been strengthening regulations on coal-consuming industries. Therefore, the coal-fired power plant should also follow these regulations. This study focuses on the prediction of harmful emissions when the coal is mixed with high-quality and low-quality coals during combustion in the coal-fired power plant. The emission of SOx and NOx is affected by the mixture ratio between high-quality and low-quality coals so it is very important to decide on the mixture ratio of coals. To decide the coal mixture, it is a prerequisite to predict the amount of SOx and NOx emission during combustion. To do this, this paper develops a deep neural network (DNN) model which can predict SOx and NOx emissions associated with coal properties when coals are mixed. The field data from a coal-fired power plant is used to train the model and it gives mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.1% and 5.68% for SOx and NOx prediction, respectively.

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Eguchi, Shogo. "CO2 Reduction Potential from Efficiency Improvements in China’s Coal-Fired Thermal Power Generation: A Combined Approach of Metafrontier DEA and LMDI". Energies 15, n. 7 (25 marzo 2022): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072430.

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Among the G20 countries, China is the only country to experience an increase in electricity generation from coal-fired thermal power plants from 2019 to 2020. This study aims to develop an analytical framework combining metafrontier data envelopment analysis with the logarithmic mean Divisia index for a detailed decomposition analysis of ‘mass-based’ energy-related CO2 reduction potential through efficiency improvements in coal-fired thermal power plants in China. The results show that inefficiency in power generation can be largely attributed to differences in the location of power plants and the production scale. Moreover, the impact of regional heterogeneity on the changes in power generation efficiency is more notable for the small–medium power plants in the northeast region than the large power plants in the western region in China. However, when focusing on the mass-based CO2 reduction potential associated with the regional heterogeneity, its positive effects in the western region for the large power plants are 6.2 times larger than that in the northeast region for the small–medium power plants. These results imply that an analysis that focuses only on the efficiency score would ignore the production scale of coal-fired thermal power plants and thus would fail to properly evaluate the environmental impacts associated with efficiency changes.

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Liu, Qi-Zhen, Yan-Jing Sun, Lei Jia, Yi-Hua Zhang e Zhi-Gang Shen. "Research of Rebuilt and Application of Dust Collector in Coal-Fired Power Plants". Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, n. 2 (2015): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.185.

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., Siddhartha, e Raj Kumar. "Coal Characterisation and Design for Fossil Fuel Fired Boiler in Thermal Power Plants". Journal on Today's Ideas-Tomorrow's Technologies 1, n. 1 (3 giugno 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2013.11001.

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Lee, Hyun-Chul, Eul-Bum Lee e Douglas Alleman. "Schedule Modeling to Estimate Typical Construction Durations and Areas of Risk for 1000 MW Ultra-Critical Coal-Fired Power Plants". Energies 11, n. 10 (22 ottobre 2018): 2850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102850.

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To date, Korea has built four 1000 MW gross-power ultra-critical coal-fired power plants. With the introduction of this new power plant type, there is a need for the development of best practices and lessons learned associated with its construction. One such need identified as a gap in literature is the early project planning estimation of project duration. To fill this research gap, this study utilized the Program Evaluation and Review Technique/Critical Path Method (PERT/CPM) and Monte Carlo simulations for estimating the appropriate construction duration at the planning stage of a new 1000 MW class coal-fired power plant project. Through the case study of the four Korean ultra-critical coal-fired power plants in operation, there was found an 85% likelihood of construction duration to be between 64 and 68 months. From interviews with subject matter experts, the most significant risk factors were found to be labor strikes and construction safety incidents. The findings within aid early planning decision makers by providing a replicable and accurate schedule estimation process. While the findings are based on Korean power plants, the results of this research can be used as a tool for coal-fired power plant construction schedule estimation worldwide.

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Li, Dongmei, Yang Guo, Yuan Li, Pengguo Ding, Qiang Wang e Zhenqian Cao. "Air Pollutant Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants". Open Journal of Air Pollution 01, n. 02 (2012): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojap.2012.12005.

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Keeney, Ralph L., Alan Sicherman e Gary R. Smith. "Analyzing Radionuclide Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants". Interfaces 15, n. 5 (ottobre 1985): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.15.5.12.

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van Liere, J. "Present status of advanced coal-fired power plants". Materials at High Temperatures 14, n. 2 (gennaio 1997): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603409.1997.11689529.

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Maamoun, Nada, Ryan Kennedy, Xiaomeng Jin e Johannes Urpelainen. "Identifying coal-fired power plants for early retirement". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 126 (luglio 2020): 109833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109833.

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Lausterer, G. K. "Knowledge-Based Monitoring of Coal-Fired Power Plants". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 26, n. 2 (luglio 1993): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)48554-5.

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Tadmor, Jacob. "Radioactivity from coal-fired power plants: A review". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 4, n. 3 (1986): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(86)90010-x.

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Sanpasertparnich, Teerawat, e Adisorn Aroonwilas. "Simulation and optimization of coal-fired power plants". Energy Procedia 1, n. 1 (febbraio 2009): 3851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.187.

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