Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "CO2 emission mitigation"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "CO2 emission mitigation":
1
Wang, Xian’en, Tingyu Hu, Junnian Song e Haiyan Duan. "Tracking Key Industrial Sectors for CO2 Mitigation through the Driving Effects: An Attribution Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 21 (7 novembre 2022): 14561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114561.
Abstract (sommario):
The heavy pressure to improve CO2 emission control in industry requires the identification of key sub-sectors and the clarification of how they mitigate CO2 emissions through various actions. Focusing on 30 Chinese provincial regions, this study quantifies the contribution of each industrial sector to regional CO2 mitigation by combining the logarithmic mean Divisia index with attribution analysis and extract the key sectors of CO2 mitigation for each region. Results indicate that during 2010–2019, significant emission reduction was achieved through energy intensity (74%) in Beijing, while emission reductions were attained through industrial structure changes for Anhui (50%), Henan (45%), and Chongqing (45%). The contribution to emission reduction through energy structures is not significant. The production and supply of power and heat (PSPH) is a central factor in CO2 mitigation through all three inhibitive factors. Petroleum processing and coking (PPC) generally contributes to emission reduction through energy structures, while the smelting and pressing of ferrous metals (SPMF) through changes in industrial structures and energy intensity. PSPH and SPMF, in most regions, have not achieved the emission peak. Except in the case of coal mining and dressing (CMD), CO2 emissions in other key sectors have almost been decoupled from industrial development. CMD effectively promotes CO2 mitigation in Anhui, Henan, and Hunan, with larger contribution of PPC in Tianjin, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, and that of smelting and pressing of nonferrous metals in Yunnan and Guangxi. The findings help to better identify key sectors across regions that can mitigate CO2 emissions, while analyzing the critical emission characteristics of these sectors, which can provide references to formulating region- and sector-specific CO2 mitigation measures for regions at different levels of development.
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Untari, Edy H. P. Melmambessy e David Oscar Simatupang. "Carbon Emissions And Mitigation Actions In Merauke". E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187302009.
Abstract (sommario):
Merauke district is one of the areas developing still need clearing land required for the expansion of farming land, Plantations and land clearing to a new settlement.Using forward looking method, Clearing land for the benefit of development produce carbon emissions. Carbon emissions 2014 to 2025 of 40.4 million tons CO2-eq with a total emission clean 20.7 tons CO2-eq. While carbon emissions Merauke in 2030 decreased to 37.3 million tons CO2-eq with a total emission clean of 15.4 million tons CO2-eq. To reduce carbon emissions, Merauke do 6 action plan mitigation in unit agricultural planning wetlands and agriculture dry land, production forest, natural heritage land, an absorbing area, mangrove forests and plantation.The carbon emissions reduction in 2030 namely 15.41 % equivalent to 51.5 million tons CO2-eq decline emissions from 6 mitigation action.
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Sosulski, Tomasz, Tomasz Niedziński, Tamara Jadczyszyn e Magdalena Szymańska. "Influence of Reduced Tillage, Fertilizer Placement, and Soil Afforestation on CO2 Emission from Arable Sandy Soils". Agronomy 12, n. 12 (7 dicembre 2022): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123102.
Abstract (sommario):
Extreme meteorological phenomena resulting from climate change caused by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) require the implementation of CO2 mitigation practices from various industries, including agriculture. Owing to varying soil, climatic, and agrotechnical characteristics, they may have different efficiencies in mitigating soil CO2 emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of three mitigation practices (reduced tillage, deep fertilizer placement, and soil afforestation) on CO2 emissions from sandy soils in Central and Eastern Europe allowing the prediction of the mitigation effectiveness of these methods. The average soil CO2-C flux under a moldboard plow system ranged from 218.4 ± 108.4 to 263.7 ± 176.6 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1 and under a reduced tillage system ranged from 169.7 ± 118.7 to 163.6 ± 115.2 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1 in a year with normal meteorological conditions and under extreme drought conditions, respectively. In the dry growing season, similar amounts of CO2-C were released from the soil fertilized to the soil surface and after mineral fertilizers application at a depth of 10 cm and 20 cm (133.7 ± 155.8, 132.0 ± 147.5 and 131.0 ± 148.1 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1, respectively). Meanwhile, from the forest soil, the average CO2-C emission in the dry growing season was 123.3 ± 79 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1. The obtained results revealed that reduced tillage on sandy soil allowed for reduced CO2 emissions from the soil by 28.7–61.2% in normal and drought weather, respectively. Under drought conditions, deep fertilizer placement did not reduce CO2 emissions from sandy soil, and CO2 emissions from forest soils were even higher than from arable soils.
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Habib, Ghulam. "Estimation and mitigation of GHG emissions from ruminant livestock in Pakistan". Animal Production Science 59, n. 8 (2019): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17743.
Abstract (sommario):
The study examined baseline emissions of greenhouse gases from ruminant livestock in Pakistan for the year 2014 and evaluated feasible interventions for mitigating the sector emissions. Total emissions (as CO2-equivalents) from livestock supply chain from cradle to farm gate were estimated at 431007 × 103 t. Major part (77%) of the emissions was produced by the mixed system and the remaining 23% was contributed by the grazing system. Methane emissions were 62.5% of the total emissions, followed by N2O at 29.4% and CO2 at 8.1%. Bulk of milk (87.6%) and meat (59.4%) was produced by the mixed system, which was associated with three-fold higher emissions at 332248 × 103 t than when they were produced by the grazing system. The emission intensity (kg CO2-eq/kg protein) of milk and meat averaged 183.4 and 443.2 respectively, and ranked higher than the global average values. Buffaloes were responsible for the major proportion of emissions, followed by cattle. Average emissions per animal in buffalo, cattle, sheep and goat were 4.27, 3.27, 0.28 and 0.25 t CO2-eq/year respectively. The emission intensities (kg CO2-eq/kg commodity protein) of both milk and meat remained lower in cattle than buffalo and were calculated as 166.1 and 299.7 in cattle and 189.5 and 527.9 in buffaloes respectively. The carbon footprint of milk and meat in sheep and goats also remained high and averaged 189.0 and 472.6 kg CO2-eq/kg protein respectively. Overall, the emission intensity of meat was slightly higher in the grazing system than mixed system, but remained much higher in non-dairy herds than in dairy herds (1006.6 vs 46.6 kg CO2-eq/kg meat protein). Interventions such as improving diet quality through increased fodder supply, vaccination for adequate health control and genetic improvement reduced emission intensities of milk (kg CO2-eq/kg protein), varying from 20.3% to 36.8% compared with the baseline in dairy cows and buffaloes and this was associated with a positive productivity outcome of enhanced milk production by 25–50%. More significant reduction in emission intensities of milk between 48.1% and 53.1%, together with a 100% increase in milk yield above baseline, resulted from combined application of the three interventions as a single package.
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Zhang, Caiqing, Mi Zhang e Nan Zhang. "Identifying the Determinants of CO2 Emission Change in China’s Power Sector". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2626418.
Abstract (sommario):
Power sector is significantly important for China to achieve the CO2 emission reduction targets. In this study, we analyze the features of CO2 emissions and environment effect in China’s power sector, investigate the driving factors of CO2 emission change based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, and evaluate the mitigation potential of CO2 emissions in China’s power sector. Results show that CO2 emissions in China’s power sector increased rapidly from 492.00 Mt in 1990 to 3049.88 Mt in 2014 while CO2 emission intensity experienced an unsteady downward trend during the study period. Industrial scale effect is the key contributor to CO2 emission growth in China’s power sector, and its contribution degree reaches 123.97%. Energy intensity effect contributes most to the decrease in CO2 emissions, with a contribution degree of −20.01%. Capital productivity effect is another important factor leading to CO2 emissions increase. The aggregate CO2 emission reduction would reach 17973.86 million tons (Mt) during 2015–2030 in the ideal emission reduction scenario. Finally, policy recommendations are made for future energy-saving and CO2 emission reduction in China’s power sector.
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Wang, Xianen, Baoyang Qin, Hanning Wang, Xize Dong e Haiyan Duan. "Carbon Mitigation Pathways of Urban Transportation under Cold Climatic Conditions". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 8 (11 aprile 2022): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084570.
Abstract (sommario):
Climate heterogeneity has enormous impacts on CO2 emissions of the transportation sector, especially in cold regions where the demand for in-car heating and anti-skid measures leads to high energy consumption, and the penetration rate of electric vehicles is low. It entails to propose targeted emission reduction measures in cold regions for peaking CO2 emissions as soon as possible. This paper constructs an integrated long-range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP) model that incorporates multi-transportation modes and multi-energy types to predict the CO2 emission trend of the urban transportation sector in a typical cold province of China. Five scenarios are set based on distinct level emission control for simulating the future trends during 2017–2050. The results indicate that the peak value is 704.7–742.1 thousand metric tons (TMT), and the peak time is 2023–2035. Energy-saving–low-carbon scenario (ELS) is the optimal scenario with the peak value of 716.6 TMT in 2028. Energy intensity plays a dominant role in increasing CO2 emissions of the urban transportation sector. Under ELS, CO2 emissions can be reduced by 68.66%, 6.56% and 1.38% through decreasing energy intensity, increasing the proportion of public transportation and reducing the proportion of fossil fuels, respectively. Simultaneously, this study provides practical reference for other cold regions to formulate CO2 reduction roadmaps.
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Hong, Yijun, Huijuan Cui, Junhu Dai e Quansheng Ge. "Estimating the Cost of Biofuel Use to Mitigate International Air Transport Emissions: A Case Study in Palau and Seychelles". Sustainability 11, n. 13 (27 giugno 2019): 3545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133545.
Abstract (sommario):
International air transport is one of the fast-growing sources of CO2 emissions. However, it has always been omitted from the international emission mitigation pledges. The delayed mitigation process in this area may slow down the process of global CO2 emission control. In this article, we evaluated the potential to realize the emission mitigation targets in air transport through biofuel and estimated the corresponding cost. The emission from international air transport of Palau and Seychelles was taken as the example. Then, the emission caused by each airline to these two islands was calculated by the distance-based method, with information of the travelers’ arrival data, fuel consumption of different aircraft types, routes, and aircraft seat data. Future scenarios with and without commitment to CO2 mitigation targets were predicted to evaluate the emission difference. Then, we estimated the amount of biofuel required to fill the emission gap, and the corresponding cost based on the future biofuel price prediction. The results show that distance is the determining factor of international air transport emission per capita. The component of origin can decrease the aggregated emission per capita to small island destinations by 0.5–2%. The accumulated emission gaps are 3.15 Mt and 9 Mt for Palau and Seychelles, which indicates that 7.64 and 19.34 Mb of biofuel are needed for emission mitigation, respectively. The corresponding costs are $27–163 million and $72–424 million per year.
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Panepinto, Deborah, Vincenzo A. Riggio e Mariachiara Zanetti. "Analysis of the Emergent Climate Change Mitigation Technologies". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 13 (24 giugno 2021): 6767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136767.
Abstract (sommario):
A climate change mitigation refers to efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases. Mitigation can mean using new technologies and renewable energies, making older equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior. The mitigation technologies are able to reduce or absorb the greenhouse gases (GHG) and, in particular, the CO2 present in the atmosphere. The CO2 is a persistent atmospheric gas. It seems increasingly likely that concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will overshoot the 450 ppm CO2 target, widely seen as the upper limit of concentrations consistent with limiting the increase in global mean temperature from pre-industrial levels to around 2 °C. In order to stay well below to the 2 °C temperature thus compared to the pre-industrial level as required to the Paris Agreement it is necessary that in the future we will obtain a low (or better zero) emissions and it is also necessary that we will absorb a quantity of CO2 from the atmosphere, by 2070, equal to 10 Gt/y. In order to obtain this last point, so in order to absorb an amount of CO2 equal to about 10 Gt/y, it is necessary the implementation of the negative emission technologies. The negative emission technologies are technologies able to absorb the CO2 from the atmosphere. The aim of this work is to perform a detailed overview of the main mitigation technologies possibilities currently developed and, in particular, an analysis of an emergent negative emission technology: the microalgae massive cultivation for CO2 biofixation.
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Malahayati, Marissa, e Toshihiko Masui. "Challenges in Implementing Emission Mitigation Technologies in Indonesia Agricultural Sector: Criticizing the Available Mitigation Technologies". Open Agriculture 3, n. 1 (1 marzo 2018): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0006.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Reduction of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in the agricultural sector is the main target for reducing non-CO2 emissions. In Indonesia, the agricultural sector is the third largest GHG emitter, far behind that from Land Use Change and Forestry (LUCF) and the energy sector. However, the agricultural sector is the biggest contributor of non-CO2 emissions and is also the most vulnerable sector to climate change. The Indonesian government is committed to reduce total emission inform current levels by 29% by 2030 under Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). This will require reductions in emissions from all sectors including agriculture. Several mitigation technologies have been recommended by UNFCCC for implementation such as replacing urea with ammonium sulfate fertilizer; replacing nitrogen fertilizer with multicontent fertilizer; water irrigation management; replacing roughage with concentrate as livestock feed; and building biogas digesters. From our Computer General Equilibrium (CGE) simulation, if the focus of mitigation technology implementation in agriculture is to reduce non-CO2 emissions gases such as CH4 and N2O, then a comprehensive approach is needed. If the government implements the technology partially, we predict there will be a trade-off between CH4 and N2O emission. However, our simulation shows the loss to GDP caused by a new emission mitigation policy is very high even though Indonesia has invested for mitigation technology in agriculture. This is because we consider the additional investment needed will be costly and some technologies may not be suitable for implementation in Indonesia. In this research, we review current literature and examine each technology and its cost and compatibility with Indonesian situations in order to make policy recommendations for implementation by the Indonesia government.
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Ahmed Ali, Khozema, Mardiana Idayu Ahmad e Yusri Yusup. "Issues, Impacts, and Mitigations of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Building Sector". Sustainability 12, n. 18 (10 settembre 2020): 7427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187427.
Abstract (sommario):
Climate change has become a considerable concern for humanity during this anthropocentric era. Scientists believe that the rate of global warming and climate change varies directly with the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. Urbanization is happening at a higher rate in this era than in any other generation. It was reported that the building sector plays a critical role in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Construction of buildings, operation, and utilization of the built environment has led to emissions of a large number of CO2 into the ambient air. Various issues and challenges arise from the building sector in reducing CO2 emissions. The exploitation of non-renewable energy resources, poor building design, and lack of sustainability consideration in urbanization has been holding back CO2 emission mitigation measures in the building sector. Therefore, CO2 emission mitigation plans and schemes are necessary alongside standardized frameworks and guidelines. The strategies to reduce CO2 in the building sector are enforcing standards and policy, conducting impact assessment, adopting low carbon technology, and restricting energy utilization. All stakeholders must play their roles efficiently to reduce CO2 emissions and aid in the fight against climate change.
Tesi sul tema "CO2 emission mitigation":
1
Ari, Izzet. "Investigating The Co2 Emission Of Turkish Electricity Sector And Its Mitigation Potential". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611571/index.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
The rapid industrialization, population growth, urbanization and economic and social development cause many environmental problems, such as climate change which is the result of the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) especially CO2. Combustion of fossil fuels, particularly from electricity generation, has the major responsibility for CO2 emissions.
Decreasing the amount of CO2 emission requires a significant shift from our present energy use pattern toward one of lesser reliance on fossil fuels. Using renewable energy sources is one of the ways to supply some of the electricity demand reducing the associated GHG emissions and thus decreasing the adverse effects of climate change.
In this study, generated electricity associated CO2 emissions and the specific CO2 emission factors are calculated based on IPCC methodology for each fuel type and each thermal power plant for Turkey between 2001 and 2008. The electricity demand of Turkey is estimated to increase about 7% annually till to 2019. Based on the planned power plant data obtained from EMRA, it was found that the total electricity supply (planned + existing) will not be sufficient to provide the estimated demand between 2011 and 2019. To overcome supply deficiency problem, four different scenarios are developed and the mitigation potential of CO2 emission from electricity generation based on these scenarios are examined. The results from these scenarios show that there is a significant decrease in the amount of CO2 emission from electricity generation. Renewable Energy Scenario which is the best scenario in terms of mitigation of CO2 emissions, provides to mitigation of 192 millions of CO2 emissions between 2009 and 2019. with respect to BAU scenario
2
Avner, Paolo. "Effectiveness and Political Economy of Climate Change Mitigation Policies at the Urban Scale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0022.
Abstract (sommario):
L’urbanisation est un des faits majeurs du 21ème siècle, avec des migrations massives vers les villes des pays en développement. Étant donné l’inertie et la dépendance au sentier qui caractérisent les formes urbaines, il y a un besoin pressant de mettre en place les fondations d’une urbanisation réussie dès aujourd’hui. Un aspect important est de permettre des trajectoires urbaines bas carbone et soutenables et d’éviter des « lock-ins » intensifs en carbone, en particulier pour les émissions provenant du transport urbain. Les progrès technologiques sous la forme de véhicules plus efficaces et de carburants alternatifs ne semblent, aujourd’hui, pas en mesure d’atteindre cet objectif seuls. Et les émissions de CO2 issues du transport urbain étant partiellement un co-produit des formes urbaines, les politiques foncières, de logement et de transport sont de manière croissante reconnues comme des leviers importants pour freiner la demande de transport et promouvoir des modes de transport doux et collectifs qui contribuent à la réduction des émissions.Bien qu’importante, la réduction des émissions de CO2 n’est qu’un objectif parmi d’autres pour les décideurs locaux : agir sur la pauvreté, la fourniture de services publiques de base et l’accès à un logement abordable sont d’autres exemples d’objectifs importants. Des politiques visant à réduire les émissions qui mettraient en péril d’autres buts ou qui se traduiraient par des niveaux de bien-être des populations réduits (principalement à travers des coûts du logement plus élevés) auraient peu de chances d’être acceptées et mises en œuvre. Des politiques climat portant sur le transport urbain se doivent donc d’être à la fois efficaces et politiquement acceptables.Partant de constat, cette thèse examine comment un groupe de politiques et d’investissements urbain, foncier et transport peuvent contribuer à freiner les émissions de CO2 liées au transport urbain et quelles sont les conséquences pour les ménages en termes de bien-être dans les aires urbaines. Cette analyse est conduite à travers le développement, la calibration et l’application à des villes réelles d’un modèle Transports – Usages des sols fondé micro-économiquement (NEDUM-2D)Urbanization is one of the most defining traits of the 21st century with people flocking to cities in massive numbers in developing countries. Given the inertia and path dependence that urban forms display, there is a strong need to get urbanization right today. One key aspect is to ensure low-carbon and sustainable urban futures and avoid carbon-intensive lock-ins, in particular for emissions stemming from urban transport. Technology in the form of more efficient vehicles and alternative fuels currently does not seem to be able to achieve this goal alone. And as urban transport CO2 emissions are partially a by-product of urban forms; land-use, housing and transport policies are increasingly recognized as important levers to curb transport demand and promote soft and collective transport modes which contribute to emission mitigation.However important, reducing CO2 emissions is but one of city policy makers’ objectives: acting on poverty, providing basic services and access to affordable housing to name a few are equally important. So that policies aiming to reduce emissions, that would jeopardize other goals or result in lower welfare levels (mainly through higher housing costs) have low chances of being accepted and implemented. Successful urban-transport climate policies need to be both effective and politically acceptable.Starting from this assessment, this dissertation investigates how a subset of urban, land and transport policies and investments can contribute to curb transport-related CO2 emissions and what are the welfare consequences for households in urban areas. This is done through the development, calibration and application of a micro-economically founded land use – transport model (NEDUM-2D) to real-world urban areas
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Traut, Michael. "Quantifying CO2 emissions from shipping and the mitigation potential of wind power technology". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/quantifying-co2-emissions-from-shipping-and-the-mitigation-potential-of-wind-power-technology(72bcd198-578d-408f-b3cd-67047229dd3b).html.
Abstract (sommario):
Responsible for CO2 emissions of the order of 1 Gt, about 2-3 % of the global total, the shipping sector is part of the challenge to reduce emissions, in order to avoid dangerous climate change. Aiming to inform the sector’s response to the challenge, this research addresses two knowledge gaps. Current methods of estimating carbon emissions from shipping are subject to large uncertainties and lacking with respect to a set of greenhouse gas accounting criteria. Based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, a new methodology is developed to monitor fuel consumption and ensuing carbon emissions around the globe. Results from applying the method to a sample fleet of 13 vessels and validating it against fuel consumption records covering a time interval of one year demonstrate that, for the first time, estimating shipping emissions from individual ship AIS movement data has become possible at the global scale. Lacking information on the performance of carbon abatement technologies is the second knowledge gap. Due to its geographical and temporal variability, wind power technology is particularly dependent on a transparent assessment to exploit its carbon saving potential as a freely available and renewable energy source. Numerical performance models of two wind power technologies - a Flettner rotor and a towing kite - are combined with wind velocity data from a weather model to calculate their propulsive power contribution. Average results along five analysed sample routes range between 0.3 MW and 1.0 MW for a single Flettner rotor andbetween 0.1 MW and 0.9 MW for the modelled towing kite. Both methodologies are ready for further use. Applying the AIS-based method to data covering the world fleet may provide a concise, up-to-date view of greenhouse gas emissions from shipping when and where they take place. The wind power technology model can be applied to any shipping route around the world. Next steps towards fully exploring and optimising the potential of wind power technology are outlined. A better understanding of greenhouse gas emissions from shipping and of mitigation options gained from applying the models may, in turn, contribute to the sector’s successful response to the climate change challenge.
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Grönkvist, Stefan. "All CO2 molecules are equal, but some CO2 molecules are more equal than others". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-452.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis deals with some challenges related to the mitigation of climate change and the overall aim is to present and assess different possibilities for the mitigation of climate change by: • Suggesting some measures with a potential to abate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, • Discussing ideas for how decision-makers could tackle some of the encountered obstacles linked to these measures, and • Pointing at some problems with the current Kyoto framework and suggesting modifications of it. The quantification of the net CO2 effect from a specific project, frequently referred to as emissions accounting, is an important tool to evaluate projects and strategies for mitigating climate change. This thesis discusses different emissions accounting methods. It is concluded that no single method ought to be used for generalisation purposes, as many factors may affect the real outcome for different projects. The estimated outcome is extremely dependent on the method chosen and, thus, the suggested approach is to apply a broader perspective than the use of a particular method for strategic decisions. The risk of losing the integrity of the Kyoto Protocol when over-simplified emissions accounting methods are applied for the quantification of emission credits that can be obtained by a country with binding emissions targets for projects executed in a country without binding emission targets is also discussed. Driving forces and obstacles with regard to energy-related co-operations between industries and district heating companies have been studied since they may potentially reduce net GHG emissions. The main conclusion is that favourable techno-economic circumstances are not sufficient for the implementation of a co-operation; other factors like people with the true ambition to co-operate are also necessary. How oxy-fuel combustion for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) purposes may be much more efficiently utilised together with some industrial processes than with power production processes is also discussed. As cost efficiency is relevant for the Kyoto framework, this thesis suggests that CCS performed on CO2 from biomass should be allowed to play on a level playing field with CCS from fossil sources, as the outcome for the atmosphere is independent of the origin of the CO2.QC 20101015
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Joelsson, Jonas. "On Swedish bioenergy strategies to reduce CO2 emissions and oil use". Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13868.
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Navarrete, Encinales Diego Alejandro. "Improving estimates of CO2 emissions under REDD+ in the Colombian Amazon : better understanding for climate change mitigation". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21871.
Abstract (sommario):
Land-cover change is the second most important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, generating around 7-14% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions around the world. More than one million km2 of tropical forests were lost during the period 2000-2012 around the world, from which forests-to-pasture conversion was the most common land-use change in key regions such as the Amazon. Strategies to mitigate climate change by reducing deforestation and forest degradation (e.g. REDD+) require country- or region-specific information on carbon (C) stocks in forests and their dynamics with land-cover change, in order to develop accurate Forest Reference Emission Levels (FRELs) to be submitted to the UNFCCC as benchmarks for assessing the performance of countries participating in REDD+ activities. Nevertheless, FREL development is incipient and their elaboration is mostly based on highly uncertain Tier 1 information from IPCC. In this research I present the first region-specific Tier 3 information and emission factors on soil, dead wood and below-ground biomass C pools and their dynamics during 20 years of forest-to-pasture conversion under different management practices in the Colombian Amazon. Based on these region-specific Tier 3 emission factors on C stocks in forests and their change after pasture establishment, I report for the first time the net CO2 emissions from forest-to-pasture conversion in the Colombian Amazon. The results also demonstrate that Tier 3 region-specific information is 70% higher and is substantially more accurate than estimates based on using IPCC Tier 1 information, which emphasizes the urgency for countries implementing REDD+ to develop improved data and methodologies. The information reported here will contribute to strengthening the REDD+ National Strategy of Colombia, by supplying accurate data and models that can be included within the next Colombian FREL.
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Kilkis, Siir. "A Rational Exergy Management Model to Curb CO2 Emissions in the Exergy-Aware Built Environments of the Future". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-42469.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis puts forth the means of a strategic approach to address a persistent problem in the energy system and in this way, to transition the built environment to a future state that is more exergy-aware to curb CO2 emissions. Such a vision is made possible by the six-fold contributions of the research work: I) An analytical model is developed, which for the first time, formulates the CO2 emissions that are compounded in the energy system as a function of the systematic failures to match the supply and demand of exergy. This model is namely the Rational Exergy Management Model or REMM. II) REMM is then applied to analyze the pathways in which it is possible to lead the built environment into addressing structural overshoots in its exergy supply to curb CO2 emissions. The cases that embody these pathways are also analyzed over a base case, including cases for sustainable heating and cooling. III) New tools are designed to augment decision-making and exemplify a paradigm shift in the more rational usage of exergy to curb CO2 emissions. These include a scenario-based analysis tool, new options for CO2 wedges, and a multi-fold solution space for CO2 mitigation strategies based on REMM. IV) The concept of a net-zero exergy building (NZEXB) is developed and related to REMM strategies as the building block of an exergy-aware energy system. The target of a NZEXB is further supported by key design principles, which address shortcomings in state-of-the-art net-zero design. V) A premier building that deployed the key design principles to integrate building technology in an innovative, exergy-aware design and received LEED Platinum is analyzed on the basis of the NZEXB target. The results validate that this building boosts net self-sufficiency and curbs compound CO2 emissions, which are then presented in a proposed scheme to benchmark and/or label future NZEXBs. VI) Based on the scalability of the best-practices of the NZEXB ready building, the means to realize a smarter energy system that has exergy-aware relations in each aspect of the value chain to curb CO2 emissions are discussed. This includes a target for such a network at the community level, namely a net-zero exergy community (NZEXC). As a whole, the results of the thesis indicate that the strategic approach as provided by REMM and the NZEXB target of the research work has the potential to steer the speed and direction of societal action to curb CO2 emissions. The thesis concludes with a roadmap that represents a cyclical series of actions that may be scaled-up at various levels of the built environment in a transition to be in better balance with the Planet.QC 20111014
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Morales, Lagunes Itzel. "Climate change impacts and mitigation : reducing CO2 emissions from the freight transport sector : lessons for Mexico from the UK experience and future policy". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2902.
Abstract (sommario):
The United Kingdom and Mexico have established goals to reduce CO2 emissions. With the publication of the Climate Change act in 2008 Britain acknowledges that is technologically ready to implement changes to bring important reductions of CO2 emissions. Mexico included Climate Change abatement in its 2007 development program. UK aims to achieve a reduction of 80% and Mexico a reduction of 50% in their CO2 emissions by the year 2050. To achieve these reductions both countries face the challenge of improving activities such as better use of fuels, for example natural gas for energy production or diesel used in road freight transport vehicles. Freight transport currently accounts 25% of global carbon emissions; with road freight as the fastest growing sector for both countries. The use of biofuels or clean energy powered vehicles is far from a 100% implementation in the fleet. Because of this improving the fuel efficiency in the current operation signifies an opportunity to reduce emissions. The United Kingdom is ahead in legislation through taxation, market incentives and research to encourage reductions from freight transport. Mexico is in its way to the creation of a Climate Change Law. This dissertation aims to determine which lessons Mexico can learn from the United Kingdom in its improvement of freight transport sector in two levels. The Macro level looks at legislation and private sector initiatives, and the Micro level simulating 11 scenarios using real data from operation of a food manufacturer provided by the StarFish Project. The scenarios simulate the implementation of a series of best practice recommendations to reduce emissions and improve operation. The results evidence that at a Macro level Mexico can implement legislation mechanisms to stimulate the reduction of CO2 emissions in the transport sector. At a Micro level the simulations show that even for developed countries like the United Kingdom there is a big potential to reduce carbon emissions from the freight transport sector. The outcome of the dissertation is that learn from experiences from other countries applies not only for Mexico and other developing countries but for every country aiming to improve the reduction of CO2 emissions.
9
Calverley, Dan. "Cumulative emissions reduction in the UK passenger car sector through near-term interventions in technology and use". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cumulative-emissions-reduction-in-the-uk-passenger-car-sector-through-nearterm-interventions-in-technology-and-use(686e7c51-432b-4a0b-83f1-a1b127e1e5c3).html.
Abstract (sommario):
Responsible for one in eight tonnes of national CO₂ emissions, the passenger car sector is pivotal to delivering on UK climate change commitments to avoiding warming of more than 2°C. This thesis provides a clear and quantitative framing of emissions reduction at the sectoral level, by disaggregating global cumulative emissions budgets and pathways associated with a range of probabilities of exceeding 2°C. The relatively low level of abatement currently planned for the UK car sector, it is argued, needs to be significantly increased for the following reasons: (i) a scientific basis in cumulative emissions for sectoral mitigation makes carbon budgets, rather than end point targets (e.g. 2050), of the first importance; (ii) the currently high probability (63%) of exceeding 2°C underpinning the current UK carbon budgets is inconsistent with the UK government’s commitment to avoiding ‘dangerous climate change’; (iii) short-term emissions growth in industrialising countries considerably reduces remaining emissions space for industrialised countries; (iv) very limited scope exists for any large sector to cut emissions by less than the national mean rate of decarbonisation at higher rates of mitigation (around 10% p.a. by the 2020s). The consequences for emissions space in other sectors if international aviation and shipping mitigate less than the mean are quantified. For UK car sector emissions to remain consistent with a low probability of exceeding 2°C while observing these limitations, this analysis finds that planned sectoral mitigation over the coming decade needs to be increased fourfold. Means to address this expected abatement shortfall using readily available technology are investigated using a fleet emissions model to compare the effect on cumulative emissions of changes in a range of fleet parameters (including mean new car bulk emissions factors, vehicle age-proportionate annual distance travelled, and rates of fleet growth and turnover). Pushing existing car technology to the limit of expected short term efficiency gains is found to be insufficient to deliver a pathway with better than 56% probability of exceeding 2°C. Without reduction in aggregate demand for vehicle kilometres in the short term, lower probabilities of 2°C are placed beyond reach. The possibility of rapid step changes in levels of per capita car use is explored in qualitative interviews using narrative storyline scenarios. A range of coercive and voluntary interventions is considered in relation to their potential to overcome the structural and behavioural constraints to rapid transformation of personal travel.
10
Boly, Mohamed. "Essays on foreign aid, political cycles and environmental degradation". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD014.
Abstract (sommario):
Les effets observés du changement climatique sur les dernières décennies mettent en exergue le besoin et l’urgence de mobiliser suffisamment de ressources pour le ralentir et en atténuer les effets. Dans le cas des pays en développement, d’aucuns suggèrent que l’aide au développement aurait un rôle non des moindres à jouer dans cette lutte. Cependant, encore faudrait-il que les ambitions politiques des décideurs ne soient pas en compétition avec celles environnementales. Cette thèse examine les liens existants entre l’aide au développement, les cycles politiques et la dégradation de l’environnement, à travers trois chapitres empiriques. Le chapitre 2 étudie le lien entre l’aide et l’atténuation des émissions de CO2 dans 112 pays en développement. Il montre que l’effet de l’aide dépend du type de donneur, l’aide multilatérale étant plus susceptible de réduire la pollution que l’aide bilatérale pour laquelle il n’y a pas d’effet. Cependant, une aide bilatérale spécifiquement ciblée sur la protection de l’environnement contribue à réduire le niveau de pollution. Cet impact est toutefois non linéaire, un effet de réduction de la pollution n’étant observé que pour des montants importants d’aide bilatérale environnementale. Le chapitre 3 étudie les facteurs associés à l’allocation de l’aide bilatérale environnementale entre les pays bénéficiaires, sur la période 1990-2013. L’objectif est d’évaluer si l’aide bilatérale environnementale est motivée par des facteurs non environnementaux tels que les intérêts économiques et politiques des donneurs. Trois types de variables susceptibles d’influencer l’allocation de l’aide environnementale sont examinés : les besoins et les mérites environnementaux et non environnementaux des pays bénéficiaires, ainsi que les intérêts économiques et politiques des donneurs. Les variables relatives aux besoins et aux mérites environnementaux comprennent la vulnérabilité aux événements climatiques extrêmes et la rigueur de la politique environnementale. Les résultats des régressions montrent que si la vulnérabilité au changement climatique semble être un déterminant clé de l’aide environnementale, son allocation est peu ou pas liée aux efforts d’atténuation du changement climatique des bénéficiaires. Il trouve également peu d’évidence empirique sur une quelconque association entre les variables d’intérêt des donneurs et l’aide environnementale, en moyenne. Cependant, une analyse désagrégée révèle d’importantes hétérogénéités dans ces relations, et révèle ainsi que certains donneurs sont plus sensibles aux variables environnementales, tandis que d’autres semblent plutôt se concentrer sur leurs intérêts économiques et politiques. Le chapitre 4 explore l’impact des élections sur la politique environnementale et la dégradation de l’environnement, en utilisant un échantillon de 76 pays démocratiques de 1990 à 2014. Les estimations indiquent que les années électorales sont caractérisées par une augmentation des émissions de CO2, même si cet effet semble s’atténuer sur les années plus récentes. Il révèle également que cet effet n’est présent que dans les démocraties plus anciennes, où les électeurs sont plus avisés et où les dirigeants se livrent à des manipulations budgétaires via la composition des dépenses publiques plutôt que par leur niveau. Une plus grande liberté de la presse et des préférences environnementales élevées de la part des électeurs permettent de réduire l’ampleur de ce cycleThe observed effects of climate change over the last decades highlight the urgency of mobilizing enough resources to slow it down and mitigate its effects. In the case of developing countries, some suggest that development aid has an important role to play. However, the political ambitions of decision-makers should not be in competition with environmental ones. This thesis examines the existing links between foreign aid, political cycles and environmental degradation, through three empirical chapters. Chapter 2 studies the link between foreign aid and CO2 mitigation in 112 developing countries. It shows that the effect of aid depends on the donor, with multilateral aid more likely to reduce pollution than bilateral aid for which there is no effect. Nevertheless, a bilateral aid specifically targeted toward environment contributes to decrease the level of pollution. This later impact is non-linear, a pollution-reducing effect is only observed for important amounts of environmental bilateral aid. Chapter 3 studies the factors associated with environmental bilateral aid to recipient countries over the 1990-2013 period. The objective is to assess whether the environmental bilateral aid is motivated by non-environmental factors such as donors’ economic and political interests. Three kind of variables that might influence environmental aid allocation are examined: the environmental and non-environmental needs and merits of recipient countries, and the economic and political interests of donors. Environmental needs and merits variables include vulnerability to extreme climate events and the stringency of climate policy. The results show that while vulnerability to climate change seems to be a key determinant of environmental aid, its allocation is poorly linked to recipients’ climate mitigation policies. It finds weak evidence of association between donors’ interest variables and environmental aid on average. However, an heterogeneity analysis allows to go deeper into all the relations above, and unveils that some donors are more sensitive to environmental variables, while others rather seem focused on their economic and political interests. Chapter 4 explores how elections impact climate change policy and environmental degradation, using a sample of 76 democratic countries from 1990 to 2014. The findings indicate election years are characterized by an increase in CO2 emissions, even though the effect weakens over the recent years. It also reveals that this effect is present only in established democracies, where incumbents engage in fiscal manipulation through the composition of public spending rather than its level. Higher freedom of the press and high environmental preferences from citizens reduce the size of this “political pollution cycle”
Libri sul tema "CO2 emission mitigation":
1
Lee, Kihoon. An analysis of CO2 emission structures of the APEC economies: Implications for mitigation policies and regional cooperation. Seoul: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 2000.
2
International, Summer School "Reduction of CO₂ Emssion by Implementation of Renewable Resources in Central Europe Regions in the Context of EU Energy Policy" (2008 Bielawa Wrocław Poland). Reduction of CO2 emission by implementation of renewable resources in Central Europe regions in the context of EU energy policy: International Summer School, proceedings, Bieława-Wrocław, September 1-14, 2008. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 2008.
3
Kerr, Thomas M. Legal aspects of storing CO2: Update and recommendations. Paris: IEA, 2007.
4
International Symposium of Global COE (2nd 2010 Kyoto, Japan). Zero-carbon energy Kyoto 2010: Proceedings of the second International Symposium of Global COE Program "Energy Science in the Age of Global Warming--Toward CO₂ Zero-Emission Energy System". Tokyo: Springer, 2011.
5
Küll, Carolin. Grundrechtliche Probleme der Allokation von CO2-Zertifikaten. Berlin: Springer, 2009.
6
H, Rowlands Ian, e United Nations Environment Programme, a cura di. Climate change cooperation in Southern Africa. London: Earthscan, 1998.
7
Wei, Chu. Climate Change and Industry Structure in China: CO2 Emission Features. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
8
Wei, Chu. Climate Change and Industry Structure in China: CO2 Emission Features. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
9
Wei, Chu. Climate Change and Industry Structure in China: CO2 Emission Features. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
10
Wei, Chu. Climate Change and Industry Structure in China: CO2 Emission Features. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "CO2 emission mitigation":
1
Gunawan, Haris, Dede Hendry Tryanto, Kosuke Mizuno e Osamu Kozan. "Toward Climate Change Mitigation: Restoration of the Indonesian Peat Swamp". In Global Environmental Studies, 141–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0906-3_8.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractIndonesia created a breakthrough in peatland management by establishing the Peatland Restoration Agency in early 2016 with the aim of restoring 2.67 million ha of degraded peatlands. This effort is intended to accelerate the recovery of peatlands and return of its hydrological functions after extensive damage by fire, drainage canals, and other external factors. This paper highlights the potential biomass and carbon resources in various land-use covers located in the Riau Biosphere Reserve. It discusses the results of restoration experiments conducted in severely degraded peatlands, and estimates carbon emission reductions in targeted priority areas. The total estimated emission reduction in natural forests was higher than in logged-over forests and disturbed forests: 207.36 CO2 Mg h−1, 161.48 CO2 Mg h−1, and 65.87 CO2 Mg h−1, respectively. The restoration of 2.3 million ha of targeted peatland ecosystems was estimated to have reduced carbon emissions by 98.77–153.53 Mt CO2e. The value of carbon from peatlands is considered important for maintaining ecological function while optimizing economic benefits. We have confirmed that above ground carbon storage can be restored even in severely degraded peatlands. Avoiding vegetation loss is an important aspect of restoration activity, but recovery of vegetation in degraded areas depends on below-ground carbon stocks, as these are indicative of fertile soils in various kinds of land cover and use.
2
Morel, Benoit. "Global CO2 Emission Mitigation Through the Looking Glass of ROA". In Springer Climate, 69–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12061-0_5.
3
Adenuga, Olukorede Tijani, Khumbulani Mpofu e Thobelani Mathenjwa. "Energy Efficiency for Manufacturing Using PV, FSC, and Battery-Super Capacitor Design to Enhance Sustainable Clean Energy Load Demand". In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 259–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18326-3_26.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractEnergy efficiency (EE) are recognized globally as a critical solution towards reduction of energy consumption, while the management of global carbon dioxide emission complement climate change. EE initiatives drive is a key factor towards climate change mitigation with variable renewable technologies. The paper aimed to design and simulate photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell stack (FCS) systems, and battery-super capacitor energy storage to enhance sustainable clean energy load demand and provide significant decarbonization potentials. An integration of high volume of data in real-time was obtained and energy mix fraction towards low carbon emission mitigation pathway strategy for grid linked renewables electricity generation was proposed as a solution for the future transport manufacturing energy supplement in South Africa. The interrelationship between energy efficiency and energy intensity variables are envisaged to result in approximately 87.6% of global electricity grid production; electricity energy demand under analysis can reduce the CO2 emissions by 0.098 metric tons and CO2 savings by 99.587 per metric tons. The scope serves as a fundamental guideline for future studies in the future transport manufacturing with provision of clean energy and sufficient capacity to supply the demand for customers within the manufacturing.
4
Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai et al. "Methane Production in Ruminant Animals". In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 177–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_6.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractAgriculture is a significant source of GHGsglobally and ruminant livestock animals are one of the largest contributors to these emissions, responsible for an estimated 14% of GHGs (CH4and N2O combined) worldwide. A large portion of GHG fluxes from agricultural activities is related to CH4 emissions from ruminants. Both direct and indirect methods are available. Direct methods include enclosure techniques, artificial (e.g. SF6) or natural (e.g. CO2) tracer techniques, and micrometeorological methods using open-path lasers. Under the indirect methods, emission mechanisms are understood, where the CH4 emission potential is estimated based on the substrate characteristics and the digestibility (i.e. from volatile fatty acids). These approximate methods are useful if no direct measurement is possible. The different systems used to quantify these emission potentials are presented in this chapter. Also, CH4 from animal waste (slurry, urine, dung) is an important source: methods pertaining to measuring GHG potential from these sources are included.
5
Koutstaal, Paul. "Possibilities of an EU-System of CO2 Emission Permits". In Goals and Economic Instruments for the Achievement of Global Warming Mitigation in Europe, 339–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4726-2_23.
6
Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai et al. "Greenhouse Gases from Agriculture". In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_1.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe rapidly changing global climate due to increased emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) is leading to an increased occurrence of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves. The three major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The major natural sources of CO2 include ocean–atmosphere exchange, respiration of animals, soils (microbial respiration) and plants, and volcanic eruption; while the anthropogenic sources include burning of fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, and oil), deforestation, and the cultivation of land that increases the decomposition of soil organic matter and crop and animal residues. Natural sources of CH4 emission include wetlands, termite activities, and oceans. Paddy fields used for rice production, livestock production systems (enteric emission from ruminants), landfills, and the production and use of fossil fuels are the main anthropogenic sources of CH4. Nitrous oxide, in addition to being a major GHG, is also an ozone-depleting gas. N2O is emitted by natural processes from oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Anthropogenic N2O emissions occur mostly through agricultural and other land-use activities and are associated with the intensification of agricultural and other human activities such as increased use of synthetic fertiliser (119.4 million tonnes of N worldwide in 2019), inefficient use of irrigation water, deposition of animal excreta (urine and dung) from grazing animals, excessive and inefficient application of farm effluents and animal manure to croplands and pastures, and management practices that enhance soil organic N mineralisation and C decomposition. Agriculture could act as a source and a sink of GHGs. Besides direct sources, GHGs also come from various indirect sources, including upstream and downstream emissions in agricultural systems and ammonia (NH3) deposition from fertiliser and animal manure.
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Ashry, Nesma, Radwa Attia, Heba Nashaat e Rawya Rizk. "CO2 Emission Mitigation in Container-Based Cloud Computing by the Power of Resource Management". In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics 2023, 97–111. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43247-7_9.
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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai et al. "Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions". In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 303–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_8.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractAgricultural lands make up approximately 37% of the global land surface, and agriculture is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Those GHGs are responsible for the majority of the anthropogenic global warming effect. Agricultural GHG emissions are associated with agricultural soil management (e.g. tillage), use of both synthetic and organic fertilisers, livestock management, burning of fossil fuel for agricultural operations, and burning of agricultural residues and land use change. When natural ecosystems such as grasslands are converted to agricultural production, 20–40% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) is lost over time, following cultivation. We thus need to develop management practices that can maintain or even increase SOCstorage in and reduce GHG emissions from agricultural ecosystems. We need to design systematic approaches and agricultural strategies that can ensure sustainable food production under predicted climate change scenarios, approaches that are being called climate‐smart agriculture (CSA). Climate‐smart agricultural management practices, including conservation tillage, use of cover crops and biochar application to agricultural fields, and strategic application of synthetic and organic fertilisers have been considered a way to reduce GHG emission from agriculture. Agricultural management practices can be improved to decreasing disturbance to the soil by decreasing the frequency and extent of cultivation as a way to minimise soil C loss and/or to increase soil C storage. Fertiliser nitrogen (N) use efficiency can be improved to reduce fertilizer N application and N loss. Management measures can also be taken to minimise agricultural biomass burning. This chapter reviews the current literature on CSA practices that are available to reduce GHG emissions and increase soil Csequestration and develops a guideline on best management practices to reduce GHG emissions, increase C sequestration, and enhance crop productivity in agricultural production systems.
9
Liping, Guo, Lin Erda, Li Zhongpei e Wang Yanqing. "The emission flux and mitigation options for N2O and CH4 from wheat fields under different rotation systems in Central China". In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control and Implementation, 297–302. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9343-4_48.
10
Depledge, Joanna. "Status of Discussion and Negotiation for a System of Tradeable CO2 Emission Permits within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". In Goals and Economic Instruments for the Achievement of Global Warming Mitigation in Europe, 379–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4726-2_26.
Atti di convegni sul tema "CO2 emission mitigation":
1
Zaheeruddin, Raj Kumar, Atul Kumar e V. K. Jain. "Mitigation of CO2 emission in conventional power generation with renewable energy". In 2015 International Conference on Futuristic Trends on Computational Analysis and Knowledge Management (ABLAZE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ablaze.2015.7154955.
2
Wei, Qingqi, e Songzheng Zhao. "Estimating CO2 Emission and Mitigation Opportunities of Wanzhou Shipping in Chongqing Municipality, China". In 2010 International Conference on Logistics Engineering and Intelligent Transportation Systems (LEITS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leits.2010.5665020.
3
Castro, Gustavo, Alexandre de Barros Gallo, Alberto José Fossa e Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos. "Energy Efficiency and Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases in FPSOs Ships". In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-80003.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Among the main opportunities reviewed and highlighted within the industry’s value chain, the upstream sector stands out and includes exploration and production activities for oil and natural gas, subdividing into key areas that concentrate a high demand for energy and, consequently, a relevant portion of emissions. A review and discussion about the FPSOs ships can be justified by market factors since ships currently comprise the main global offshore oil production systems. Among the highlights in the scope of emissions, the activity indexes are mainly composed of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), in addition to containing minimum levels of nitrous oxide (N2O). Whereas for emissions — which can occur either by combustion or by leakage or treatment processes — are divided and presented into four groups: Power generation (68% CO2 and 7% CH4), flaring (26% CO2 and 18% CH4), unintentional fugitives sources (0.02% CO2 and 22% CH4) and chemical ventilation (6% CO2 and 53% CH4). Although it still presents difficulties in operational implementation, the promotion of research and policies on the emission of greenhouse gases in the oil industry can help and enable the construction of a more secure, sustainable, and integrated energy future.
4
Brogan, Paul, John Morrow, Robert Best e David Laverty. "Efficacy of wind power in mitigation of CO2 emission from the irish electrical grid". In 2014 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2014.6939860.
5
Griffin, Timothy, Dominikus Bu¨cker e Allen Pfeffer. "Technology Options for Gas Turbine Power Generation With Reduced CO2 Emission". In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68806.
Abstract (sommario):
ALSTOM Power R&D laboratories run various programs aimed at finding options that reduce or avoid CO2 emissions through: • High efficiency power generation equipment to utilize fossil fuels with the lowest possible emissions, and • Technologies to remove and sequester CO2 created in power plants in an environmentally and economically favorable manner. In this paper, an overview of on-going CO2 mitigation activities for gas turbine power generation is addressed. Energy efficiency improvements for both new and existing fossil fuel power plants are briefly reviewed. Customer requirements for future power plants with reduced CO2 emissions are discussed. Novel power generation cycles with exhaust gas recirculation for enhanced CO2 removal are introduced and evaluated. Conclusions are drawn regarding their efficiency, energy consumption and technical feasibility.
6
Miyondri, D. "Indonesian CO2 Reduction Readiness Through CCS/CCUS Activities". In Indonesian Petroleum Association - 46th Annual Convention & Exhibition 2022. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa22-e-215.
Abstract (sommario):
Indonesia has set a target for emissions reduction to attain Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060. The oil and gas industry has a key role in achieving this target by implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Does the current status of joint studies and existing and upcoming carbon policy give confidence that CCS/CCUS activities will be successfully implemented in the future? Lemigas (2015) estimated that Indonesia has a potential CO2 storage capacity of more than 1.5 Gigatons. This is a huge potential compared to potential power plant CCS schemes of only 0.12 Gigatons. Since 2013, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) and Lemigas have collaborated with an international company to fully understand the CCS/CCUS potential in Indonesia. On the other hand, there are few laws and regulations regarding CCS/CCUS. In 2019, the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resource issued MEMR Decree 22/2019 on an emissions inventory and mitigation in the Energy sector. Then in 2021, President Regulation no 98/2021 was released on carbon economic value. Currently, the MEMR is drafting Ministerial Regulations on CCS/CCUS. In conclusion, it can be said that CCS/CCUS activities in Indonesia are still at the early-stage. Although some efforts have been made, Indonesia may have the opportunity to reach the target faster by Bilateral and multi-company collaboration.
7
Coloma Miró, Juan Francisco, e Marta García García. "CO2 EMISSIONS SAVINGS PRODUCED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN UPGRADED FREIGHT RAIL CORRIDOR. APPLICATION TO EXTREMADURA". In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3505.
Abstract (sommario):
Human activity since the industrial revolution through the use of fossil fuels is changing the natural composition of the atmosphere increasing the so called Greenhouse Gases (GHG). Extremadura’s government decided to react actively towards the predicted climatic variations and for that the “Strategy for Climatic Change for Extremadura” (2009-2012) was approved, which marked the strategies to follow regarding the mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Among the strategies some concrete measures are included like developing annual inventories of GHG emissions and contributing to the development and demonstration of innovative approaches, technology methods and instruments. With this objective in mind, we develop this investigation where data and conclusions dealing with the savings of CO2 emissions are given through a comparison of the actual freight transport in the area of influence of the line Badajoz-Puertollano with various scenarios of exploitation for the new planned infrastructures. The savings of the emissions will be caused by: - The lowering of the emission factors (kg CO2/t·km) in the upgraded railway line in respect to the actual one. - The commissioning of the upgraded line will reduce the number of lorries circulating on roads, whose emission factors in unitary terms are far more superior to those ones which will be produced by the use of the new railways. The research concludes that the commissioning of the corridor will delete 863,000 transport operations on lorries for a five-year period, reducing the CO2 emissions in relation with the road: a 59% if the traction is diesel and an 82% if it is electric.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3505
8
Zhang, Na, Ruixian Cai e Wei Wang. "Study of Near-Zero CO2 Emission Thermal Cycles With LNG Cryogenic Exergy Utilization". In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38605.
Abstract (sommario):
Compared with other fossil fuels, liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies relatively clean energy because its low contribution to environmental pollution. Furthermore, while 10% of the gas energy was required for its liquefaction, the valuable high cryogenic (at ∼110 K) exergy of the LNG is wasted in many LNG receiving terminals worldwide, by uselessly cooling the seawater used for its re-vaporization. This cryogenic exergy is, however, as an excellent power source. In addition, due to the increasing concern about global climate change, the development of power system which minimizes CO2 emission is of great interest. In this paper, new cycles are proposed which integrate LNG cryogenic exergy utilization and CO2 recovery. The cycles employ both the fuel chemical exergy and LNG cryogenic exergy for power generation, they use no cooling water, and on the contrary, allow the easy removal and recovery of water and CO2 generated from combustion to thereby offer both energy saving and greenhouse gas emission mitigation. The cycles employ CO2 as the main working medium. Oxygen and fuel methane are introduced at stoichiometric ratio, and thus the turbine exhaust is merely a mixture of carbon dioxide and water steam. The LNG coldness is used to improve the power generation efficiency by (1) serving as a low temperature heat sink of the power cycle, and (2) cooling the working fluid prior to compression, to reduce compressor power consumption. Without consuming additional power, the water and extra carbon dioxide generated from combustion can be easily separated from the main stream during the exothermic process when integrated with the LNG evaporation process. Internal combustion and recuperation are adopted to increase the average heat absorption temperature. The proposed cycles are simulated using the commercial ASPEN PLUS code, and their performance is computed. The results indicate that the proposed cycles indeed reduce CO2 emissions significantly with very attractive thermal performances, able to attain thermal and exergy efficiencies of 60∼65% and 45∼53% respectively.
9
Khursheed, Aaiysha, George Simons, Brad Souza e Jennifer Barnes. "Quantification of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions From California Self-Generation Incentive Program Projects". In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22109.
Abstract (sommario):
Over the past few decades, interest in the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate change has peaked. Increasing temperatures worldwide have been blamed for numerous negative impacts on agriculture, weather, forestry, marine ecosystems, and human health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that the primary GHG emitted in the U.S. is carbon dioxide (CO2), most of which stems from fossil fuel combustion [1]. In fact, CO2 represents approximately 85% of all GHG emissions nationwide. The other primary GHGs include nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), and fluorinated gases. Since the energy sector is responsible for a majority of the GHGs released into the atmosphere, policies that address their mitigation through the production of electricity using renewable fuels and distributed generation are of significant interest. Use of renewable fuels and clean technologies to meet energy demand instead of relying on traditional electrical grid systems is expected to result in fewer CO2 and CH4 emissions, hence reducing global climate change impacts. Technologies considered cleaner include photovoltaics, wind turbines, and combined heat and power (CHP) devices using microturbines or internal combustion engines. The Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) in California [2] provides incentives for the installation of these technologies under certain circumstances. This paper assesses the GHG emission impacts from California’s SGIP during the 2005 program year by estimating the reductions in CO2 and CH4 released when SGIP projects are in operation. Our analysis focuses on these emissions since these are the two GHGs characteristic of SGIP projects. Results of this analysis show that emissions of GHGs are reduced due to the SGIP. This is because projects operating under this program reduce reliance on electricity generated by conventional power plants and encourage the use of renewable fuels, such as captured waste heat and methane.
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Tian, Wenhui, e Pascal Da Costa. "The economics of the CO2 emission and mitigation modeling: A study for China, USA and France, in the Period 2010–2050". In 2013 10th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2013.6607334.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "CO2 emission mitigation":
1
Chepeliev, Maksym, Thomas Hertel e Dominique van der Mensbrugghe. Cutting Russia’s Fossil Fuel Exports: Short-Term Pain for Long-Term Gain. GTAP Working Paper, aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp91.
Abstract (sommario):
In response to the invasion of Ukraine, most OECD countries have announced punishing sanctions against Russia. In addition to targeting financial markets and service sectors, some countries have begun to impose restrictions on exports of Russia’s fossil fuels. In this paper, we analyze a scenario whereby most OECD countries put major restrictions on Russia’s energy exports. Results suggest that the short-term implications are likely to be non-trivial for EU – Russia’s largest energy export destination. Households’ real income could drop by 0.7-1.7 percent (relative to the reference case) with energy prices growing by as much as 11 percent. But after the initial adjustment period, the cost of such restrictions for the EU is expected to be more modest over the longer run (0.04 percent slowdown in the annual growth rate of real income over the 2022-2030 period), even as they lead to substantial environmental co-benefits through reductions in CO2 (6.6 percent in 2030) and air pollutant emissions (2.8-5.9 percent in 2030). Such emission reductions would take the EU more than halfway to its Green Deal mitigation target, reducing the necessary carbon price by around 40 EUR per tCO2. Adverse impacts on the Russian economy would be overwhelming and, in relative terms, 10 time larger than that for EU. By 2030 the cumulative reduction in Russian real income would exceed 1.1 trillion USD, while lost revenue from fossil fuel exports would be almost 1.4 trillion USD. Key words: Russia; Fossil fuel export restrictions; Economic impacts; European Union; Climate mitigation; Environmental co-benefits; Computable general equilibrium. JEL codes: C68, O13, Q43, F17, F18
2
Partanen, Antti-Ilari, e Tommi Bergman. ESM data-set on multiple ocean NET simulations. OceanNets, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d4.6.
Abstract (sommario):
This dataset, resulting from Task 4.5 quantifies the potential of ocean-based negative emission technologies (NETs) using Earth System Models (ESMs). The dataset consists of simulations of ocean liming and direct CO2 removal from seawater. The ocean liming scenarios utilize excess CaO and cement production capacities from the EU, China, and the US, exploring their application for ocean alkalinization and gauging termination effects. Simulations ran from 2015-2100 using NorESM2-LM, EC-Earth3-CC, and AWI-CM models. This comprehensive dataset informs on the efficacy of ocean-based NETs and provides insights for future climate mitigation strategies, aligning with the Paris Agreement goals. It facilitates further analysis and supports ongoing research in global carbon cycle feedbacks of ocean-based NETs.
3
Tanthana, Jak, Paul Mobley, Dennis Gilmore, Gary Howe, Jonathan Thornburg, Ryan Chartier, Lucas Cody, Jacob Lee, Vijay Gupta e Marty Lail. EMISSIONS MITIGATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCED WATER-LEAN SOLVENT-BASED CO2 CAPTURE PROCESSES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1875691.
4
Ludeña, Carlos E., e Maria Netto. Brazil: Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009162.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to understand the implications of GHG emissions reduction targets in the Brazilian economy it is important to understand the sector composition of these emissions in Brazil. According to the 2010 Second National Communications of Brazil to the UNFCCC, in 2005, the majority of Brazil's emissions (87.2%) corresponded to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
5
Kudin, Roman, Prabhat Chand e Anura Bakmeedeniya. Mitigating Nitrogen Oxides Exhaust Emissions from Petrol Vehicles by Application of a Fuel Additive. Unitec ePress, agosto 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.083.
Abstract (sommario):
This research has been commissioned by Eco Fuel Global Limited, a New Zealand-based company, to further evaluate the effects of their fuel-additive product on the tailpipe exhaust emissions of petrol cars. At the time this research was conducted (end of 2018), the product was still in development and had not been released to the market. Prior to the testing in this research, an initial pilot test was done for the same product on a single car (Nissan Pulsar 1998), which showed favourable results, with a reduction in hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen at the tailpipe by more than 70%. The current research included five test cars, all running on RON 95 fuel, with the years of manufacture ranging between 1994 and 2006, and the odometer readings between 112,004 km and 264,001 km. The effects of the fuel-additive product were assessed by comparing the emissions from a car running on standard fuel with the emissions from the same car after it completed a road run (250±20 km) on the additive-treated fuel. The exhaust emissions were measured using the AVL series 4000 Emission Tester, which analyses five components: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), hydrocarbons (HC) and oxygen (O2). The most noticeable outcome of using the fuel-additive product was the reduction in the concentration of oxides of nitrogen in the tailpipe exhaust (by up to 27.7%), when compared with the same cars running on standard fuel. In addition, the results showed a decrease in residual oxygen concentration, which normally indicates more complete utilisation of O2 as an oxidising agent. Mitigating Nitrogen Oxides Exhaust Emissions from Petrol Vehicles by Application of a Fuel Additive Dr Roman Kudin, Prabhat Chand and Anura Bakmeedeniya 2 The changes for other emission parameters were either relatively small (below 1%) or were not statistically significant. The application of such fuel-additive products could be beneficial for mitigating nitrogen oxides exhaust emissions from petrol vehicles in countries with ageing car fleets. These include New Zealand, which has a relatively high proportion of old cars in use, with no government-run scrappage scheme, and without a mandatory objective emissions testing.
6
Hu, Tao, Xianqiang Mao, Xuedu Lu e Gloria P. Gerilla-Teknomo. Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Co-control Evaluation in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, dicembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200387-2.
Abstract (sommario):
Local air pollutants (LAPs), such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, and particulate matter, as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector are rapidly increasing in the People’s Republic of China. Various measures to control LAPs have been implemented in the country, along with the adoption of strategies to mitigate GHG emissions. The connection between LAP and GHG emission control and reduction offers an opportunity to address both problems simultaneously. This paper presents a methodology that measures the benefits of co-control evaluation on mitigating LAP and GHG emissions. It highlights the methodology’s potential to help maximize measures and strategies that have significant co-control effects.
7
Almutairi, Hossa, e Axel Pierru. Assessing Climate Mitigation Benefits of Public Support to CCS-EOR: An Economic Analysis. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, giugno 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp12.
Abstract (sommario):
By storing carbon dioxide CO2 captured from the atmosphere or point sources into oil fields, carbon capture and storage with enhanced oil recovery (CCS-EOR) increases the fields’ output by raising reservoir pressures. Since CO2-EOR has been experimented with for decades and the revenues from the additional oil production improve projects’ economics, CCS-EOR is the most readily deployable CCS technology. However, public support for CCS-EOR projects is sometimes contested on the grounds that the resulting increase in oil production undermines their environmental benefits. Addressing this concern requires determining the effects of implementing CCS-EOR on global CO2 emissions. This note presents a simple approach based on a marginal reasoning consistent with economic decision-making. It produces analytical formulas that account for the effects on the global oil market of incentivizing CCS-EOR. In addition, we quantify the volume of oil that can be decarbonized by storing a tonne of captured CO2 through EOR from different perspectives. We produce numerical results based on a first-cut calibration. Results suggest that, from an economic perspective, CCS-EOR is a technology that mitigates global emissions. However, after accounting for the need to decarbonize the EOR oil, the reduction in emissions is significantly less than the stored quantity of CO2. If fully allocated to oil production, the environmental benefits of capturing a tonne of CO2 and storing it through conventional EOR can allow the oil producer to decarbonize 3.4 barrels on a well-to-wheel basis and 14.4 barrels when offsetting its oil-upstream emissions only. Fiscal incentives granted by governments to support CCS-EOR as a climate-change mitigation technology should be sized accordingly. We compare our findings to the size of the subsidy in the revised Section 45Q of the 2022 United States Inflation Reduction Act.
8
Marto, Ricardo, Verónica M. Gonzalez Diez, David Suarez, Maria Elena Corrales, Ana María Linares, Christoph Diewald, Robert Schneider et al. Climate Change at the IDB: Building Resilience and Reducing Emissions. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010597.
Abstract (sommario):
Climate change (CC) poses important risks to development in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Climate adaptation can limit the negative impacts and is important in achieving sustainable development and equity, including poverty reduction and economic growth. Integrating climate change mitigation into development work is also an opportunity to foster and support the design and implementation of sustainable projects, programs and policies. Low-carbon alternatives contribute to more sustainable development. LAC countries are increasingly incorporating CC in their national policy agendas and aim to reduce GHG emissions and build climate resilience and the IDB has supported these efforts in the Region. In 2013-2014, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) carried out an evaluation of IDB's support for CC mitigation and adaptation (RE-459-1). This is OVE's first evaluation of IDB's interventions and institutional set-up related to climate change. The evaluation seeks to document and to draw lessons from the recent IDB experience related to climate change (2004-2014). It focuses on IDB-financed operations in important climate-related sectors (agriculture and natural resources, energy, disaster risk management, and transport)that directly support climate resilience-building (adaptation) or GHG emissions reduction (mitigation) or that have these outcomes as co-benefits.
9
Alonso-Sanabria, Juan David, Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia e Daniel Parra-Amado. Connecting the Dots: Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, Reforestation, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Colombia. Banco de la República, ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1252.
Abstract (sommario):
This study aims to establish a comprehensive linkage between CO2 emissions and the composition of energy sources, economic growth, and reforestation, thereby shedding light on their intricate connections in Colombia over the period 1970-2018. First, we use different types of energy consumption including non-renewable, renewable, and hydroelectric sources. As expected, our findings reveal a noteworthy effect of non-renewable sources that lead to increased emissions, while renewable sources help mitigate those emissions. Second, the preservation of forested areas plays a crucial role in mitigating CO2 emissions. Third, the agricultural sector significantly contributes to the rise in emissions, encompassing both crops and livestock, a characteristic often observed in emerging economies. Moreover, in the long-run equilibrium, we find real GDP show the characteristic inverted U-shaped pattern commonly linked with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis.
10
Olsen, Daniel, e Bryan Willson. GRI-02-0201 Emissions Reduction Methods for 4SLB Industrial NG Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), dicembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011535.
Abstract (sommario):
This project utilizes the Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) at Colorado State University (CSU) to evaluate the existing methods for controlling emissions and to identify and quantify new methods for mitigation. The EECL has two 4-Stroke Lean-Burn (4SLB) and a 4-Stroke Rich-Burn (4SRB) currently installed at its industrial engine test bed (IETB). The work demonstrates, using A 4SLB only, the contribution of the criteria pollutants NOx and CO, and hazardous air pollutant (HAPs) formaldehyde, formed in the pre-combustion chamber (PCC) compared to that formed in the power cylinder.