Articoli di riviste: "Co-enrolment"

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Gertner, Elie. "COVID-19 trial co-enrolment and subsequent enrolment". Lancet 396, n. 10249 (agosto 2020): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31537-3.

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Krige, Anton, Natalie Pattison, Malcolm Booth, Tim Walsh, Tim Walsh, Simon Fletcher, Anton Krige et al. "Co-Enrolment to Intensive Care Studies – A UK Perspective". Journal of the Intensive Care Society 14, n. 2 (aprile 2013): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175114371301400203.

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Harron, KL, Q. Mok, T. Lee, T. Ball e R. Gilbert. "Co-enrolment for randomised controlled trials in paediatric intensive care". Archives of Disease in Childhood 97, Suppl 1 (maggio 2012): A154.2—A154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-301885.363.

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Yoder, Whitney, Floris Groenendaal, Wes Onland, Anna van Oploo, Charlotte Rietbergen e Rolf Groenwold. "Sequential co-enrolment in randomised trials in neonatal intensive care medicine". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 105, n. 2 (1 giugno 2019): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-316818.

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In many medical research settings, such as the neonatal intensive care unit, the number of patients who are eligible for a randomised clinical trial is relatively small and recruiting a sufficient number of patients into trials is often difficult. Furthermore, some infants may have already been enrolled into a trial as a fetus. Sequential co-enrolment of patients into more than one trial may offer a solution, yet runs the risk of contaminated results. We consider the situation of two sequential trials and describe requirements for different possible treatments effects (‘estimands’) to be estimated in such situations. These estimands differ regarding the extent to which participation status and treatment status in the previous trial is accounted for. Because of differences in available information about previous trials, analyses may result in estimated effects which differ in terms of interpretation and generalisability, except when in the absence of an interaction between the studied treatments. If co-enrolment cannot be ruled out, researchers should collect information about co-enrolment and treatment status in a previous or concurrent trial and mitigate the trial analysis plan in order to estimate meaningful effects.

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Cafferty, F. H., C. Coyle, S. Rowley, L. Berkman, M. MacKensie e R. E. Langley. "Co-enrolment of Participants into Multiple Cancer Trials: Benefits and Challenges". Clinical Oncology 29, n. 7 (luglio 2017): e126-e133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2017.02.014.

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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa. "The education investment dimension of international personal remittances in Colombia". Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, n. 4 (2015): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c3_p9.

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The study investigated the relationship between personal international remittances received and gross enrolment ratio in Colombia. There are three hypotheses explaining the relationship between personal international remittances and education (human capital development). These are (1) remittances-led education hypothesis, (2) education-led remittances hypothesis and (3) neutrality hypothesis that says there is no relationship at all between these two variables. Although majority of the empirical studies support the remittances-led education hypothesis, the subject is still attracting contradicting findings and not yet conclusive. It is on the backdrop of such lack of consensus in the literature that the author investigated the relationship between personal remittances received and gross enrolment ratio primary and secondary (%) in Colombia. The study used the auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds co-integration testing technique with annual time series data ranging between 1978 and 2010 to determine the existence of a long run relationship between personal remittances and education in Colombia. The ARDL F-bounds co-integration test revealed that personal remittances received and gross enrolment ratio for both primary and secondary schools in Colombia are not co-integrated or they do not have any long run relationship, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. This conclusion was arrived at using either personal remittances or gross enrolment ratio as a dependent variable. These results imply that personal remittances received in Colombia were directed more towards consumption and not invested in education. The study therefore urges the Colombian authorities to concientise the recipients of the personal remittances to invest in the children’s education rather than spending the remittances on consumption purposes

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Harichund, Charlene, Kumeshini Haripersad e Gita Ramjee. "Participant verification: Prevention of co-enrolment in clinical trials in South Africa". South African Medical Journal 103, n. 7 (15 maggio 2013): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.6674.

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Harron, Katie, Twin Lee, Tracy Ball, Quen Mok, Carrol Gamble, Duncan Macrae e Ruth Gilbert. "Making Co-Enrolment Feasible for Randomised Controlled Trials in Paediatric Intensive Care". PLoS ONE 7, n. 8 (3 agosto 2012): e41791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041791.

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Gul, Sajid, Ali Zeb, Obaid Ullah e Guo Mingyan. "Impact of foreign remittances on school enrolment and educational expenditures in district Peshawar, Pakistan". Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 5, n. 2 (2 novembre 2021): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.2.14.

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This study aims to identify the effects of foreign remittances on school enrolment and the educational expenditures of children in the Peshawar district. Primary data were acquired by simple random sampling and a questionnaire. Correspondingly, the logit approach and Heckman selection theory were utilized to examine school enrolment and educational expenses. The marginal effects were evaluated to determine the co-efficient. The study's findings indicate that Per Capita Remittances (PCRM) have a highly substantial and beneficial effect on children's school attendance, with a (10.8%) point increase in school enrolment for every 100 rupees rises in Per Capita Remittances (PCRM). Suppose a household's Per Capita Income (PCIM) improves by one hundred rupees, the probability of children enrolling in school increases by (0.17). The results indicate that PCRM and educational costs per kid are significantly and positively correlated. Educational spending per child increases by 12.01 rupees for every 100 rupees rise in family remittances per capita, whereas every 100 rupees increase in per capita income increases educational expenditure per kid by (8.38 PKR). Which leads to an 8.38 % marginal propensity to spend on child education.

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Hardwick-Franco, Kathryn Gay. "Flexible education in Australia". Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 8, n. 3 (13 agosto 2018): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-02-2018-0019.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explore the extent to which the South Australian flexible learning option (FLO) secondary school enrolment strategy supports some of the most vulnerable and disengaged students to simultaneously engage in secondary- and higher-education, skills and work-based learning; second, to explore the degree to which this FLO enrolment strategy addresses the United Nations (UN) principles of responsible management education and 17 sustainable development goals. Design/methodology/approach The approach includes a practice perspective, field-notes and documents analysis. Findings This paper finds the flexibility inherent in the FLO enrolment strategy goes some way to addressing inequity in education outcomes amongst those who traditionally disengage from education and work-based learning. Findings also highlight ways in which the FLO enrolment strategy addresses some of the UN principals and 17 goals. Research limitations/implications This paper supports the work of HESWBL by calling for future research into the long-term benefits of flexible education strategies that support HESWBL, through exploring the benefits to young people, from their perspective, with a view to providing accountability. Social implications The paper offers an example of a way a practice perspective can explore an education strategy that addresses “wicked problems” (Rittel and Webber, 1973). Currently, “wicked problems” that pervade member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development include intergenerational poverty, under-education and unemployment. Originality/value This paper is valuable because it explores from a practice perspective, how a secondary education enrolment strategy supports vulnerable students engage in their secondary schooling, while simultaneously supporting students achieve higher education, skills and work-based learning.

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Omodero, Cordelia Onyinyechi, e Kanalechi C.K. Nwangwa. "Higher Education and Economic Growth of Nigeria: Evidence from Co-integration and Granger Causality Examination". International Journal of Higher Education 9, n. 3 (23 marzo 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p173.

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This study investigates the level of co-integration between education and economic growth in Nigeria and the causality effect of education on economic growth. The study employs secondary form of data spanning from 2000 to 2018 and are sourced from UNESCO, World Bank and CBN statistical bulletin. The data are collected on GDP, education expenditure and gross enrolment ratio of higher education for the period under review. The study uses Johansen co-integration and Granger causality tests for analysis and the findings show that education and economic growth in Nigeria have a long term co-integration while Granger causality test reveals that education and gross enrolment ratio of higher education are not affecting economic progress and the GDP is not influencing both of them too. The implication is that if Nigeria’s educational system continues the way it is presently, it will remain a long term problem and will continue to negatively affect economic growth. Other countries will be benefiting from modern technologies through improvement on their educational system, but Nigeria may not be at the same pace if immediate policy changes in favor of education are not embraced. Thus, the study suggests major improvement on government’s annual budgets for education in order to decrease the population of out-of-school children and increase the stock of skilled human capital in the country.

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Moses, Dauda, Aniekan Elijah Asukwo, Muhammed Adamu Yusuf e Isaac John Ibanga. "Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2016-2030 in Nigeria through Female Enrolment into Electrical/Electronics Engineering Trade in Technical Colleges of Adamawa State". Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences 2, n. 1 (18 febbraio 2021): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/jareas.v2i1.214.

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Purpose: This study investigated female enrolment into electrical/electronics engineering trade in technical colleges of Adamawa State in order to suggest ways of augmenting it for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2016-2030. Approach/ Methodology/ Design: Two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample of the study comprised of 38 teachers and 140 parents. A 50-item Female Enrolment in Electrical/Electronics Engineering Trade (FEEET) Questionnaire was developed by the researchers and used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by three experts from the Department of Electrical Technology Education, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State. Reliability co-efficient of 0.81 was obtained for the instrument using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability method. Mean statistic was used to answer the two research questions while z-test statistics was used to test the two hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that inadequate knowledge on female participation in electrical/electronics engineering trade, hazards involved in working with electricity, and poor gender policy implementation among others were factors affecting female enrolment into the programme. Establishment of electrical/electronics engineering trade skill acquisition centres for females and provision of starter packs for female graduates of electrical/electronics engineering trade among others were strategies identified for improving female enrolment into the programme. Practical Implication: The study has practical implications for achieving sustainable development goals in Nigeria. A sustainable financing scheme for the female trainees of electrical/electronics engineering trade should be established in order to boost their interests in the programme. Originality/Value: The study identified that inadequate knowledge on female participation in electrical/electronics engineering trade, hazards involved in working with electricity, societal perception about electricity, cultural sanctions on women, early marriages, and poor gender policy implementation are the main factors that affect female enrolment in technical colleges in Nigeria.

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Mart, Matthew F., Matthew W. Semler, Gordon Bernard, Jonathan D. Casey, E. Wesley Ely, Robert Freundlich, James C. Jackson et al. "Cognitive Outcomes in the Pragmatic Investigation of optimaL Oxygen Targets (CO-PILOT) trial: protocol and statistical analysis plan". BMJ Open 12, n. 11 (novembre 2022): e064517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064517.

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IntroductionLong-term cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications of critical illness among survivors who receive mechanical ventilation. Recommended oxygen targets during mechanical ventilation vary among international guidelines. Different oxygen targets during mechanical ventilation have the potential to alter long-term cognitive function due to cerebral hypoxemia or hyperoxemia. Whether higher, intermediate or lower SpO2targets are associated with better cognitive function at 12-month follow-up is unknown.Methods and analysisThePragmaticInvestigation of optimaL OxygenTargets (PILOT) trial is an ongoing pragmatic, cluster-randomised, cluster-crossover trial comparing the effect of a higher SpO2target (target 98%, goal range 96%–100%), an intermediate SpO2target (target 94%, goal range 92%–96%) and a lower SpO2target (target 90%, goal range 88%–92%) on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit at a single centre in the USA. For this ancillary study of long-termCognitiveOutcomes (CO-PILOT), survivors of critical illness who are in the PILOT trial and who do not meet exclusion criteria for CO-PILOT are approached for consent. The anticipated number of patients for whom assessment of long-term cognition will be performed in CO-PILOT is 612 patients over 36 months of enrolment. Cognitive, functional and quality of life assessments are assessed via telephone interview at approximately 12 months after enrolment in PILOT. The primary outcome of CO-PILOT is the telephone version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. A subset of patients will also complete a comprehensive neuropsychological telephone battery to better characterise the cognitive domains affected.Ethics and disseminationThe CO-PILOT ancillary study was approved by the Vanderbilt Institutional Review Board. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at one or more scientific conferences.

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Moodley, Jayajothi, Sarita Naidoo, Neetha Shagan Morar, Vaneshree Govender, Patrick Charls e Gita Ramjee. "Ethical considerations in implementing a biometric co-enrolment prevention system in clinical trials in South Africa". South African Journal of Bioethics and Law 9, n. 1 (15 febbraio 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajbl.2016.v9i1.405.

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Moodley, Jayajothi, Vaneshree Govender, Sarita Naidoo, Dhevium Govender, Gita Ramjee e Patrick Charls. "Ethical Considerations in Implementing a Biometric Co-enrolment Prevention System in Clinical Trials in South Africa". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 30, S1 (ottobre 2014): A202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2014.5436.abstract.

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Abaasa, Andrew, Gershim Asiki, Andrew Obuku Ekii, Josephine Wanyenze, Pietro Pala, Govert J. van Dam, Paul L.A.M. Corstjens et al. "Effect of high-intensity versus low-intensity praziquantel treatment on HIV disease progression in HIV and Schistosoma mansoni co-infected patients: a randomised controlled trial". Wellcome Open Research 3 (5 luglio 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14683.1.

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Background: It has been hypothesised that Schistosoma co-infection exacerbates HIV progression, and hence anthelminthic intervention in co-infected individuals will delay it. We evaluated effects of high-intensity versus low-intensity praziquantel treatment of schistosomiasis on HIV disease progression among co-infected patients from fishing populations around Lake Victoria, Uganda. Methods: Between August 2012 and September 2015, we conducted an open-label randomised, controlled trial. Adults, antiretroviral therapy-naïve, CD4 counts ≥350 cells/μl, HIV and S. mansoni co-infected, were randomised 1:1 to praziquantel (40mg/kg) given quarterly (starting at enrolment) or annually (starting 12 weeks after enrolment; such that low-intensity participants were still untreated when sampled at 12 weeks). A non-randomised HIV-positive S. mansoni-negative comparison group was recruited. The primary outcome was mean change in plasma viral load at 12 and 60 weeks. Results: In total 363 participants (high-intensity 113, low-intensity 113, comparison group 137) were recruited; 96 (85.0%), 97 (85.8%) and 107 (78.1%) completed 60 weeks of follow up, respectively. Adjusting for baseline age and viral load, the geometric mean ratio (aGMR [95%CI]) viral load for high-intensity vs low-intensity groups at 12 weeks was 0.90 [0.65, 1.25] p=0.55 and at 60 weeks 1.88 [0.78, 4.53] p=0.16. Results in the comparison group were similar to trial arms. High-intensity, compared to low-intensity, treatment resulted in substantially lower S. mansoni prevalence at all follow up visits (p<0.05). Conclusions: In communities with a high burden of both S. mansoni and HIV infection, high-intensity treatment of S. mansoni does not delay HIV progression despite relevant benefit for parasite clearance. Trial registration: ISRCTN15371662 (17/11/2016)

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Abaasa, Andrew, Gershim Asiki, Andrew Obuku Ekii, Josephine Wanyenze, Pietro Pala, Govert J. van Dam, Paul L. A. M. Corstjens et al. "Effect of high-intensity versus low-intensity praziquantel treatment on HIV disease progression in HIV and Schistosoma mansoni co-infected patients: a randomised controlled trial". Wellcome Open Research 3 (3 aprile 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14683.2.

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Background: It has been hypothesised that Schistosoma co-infection exacerbates HIV progression, and hence anthelminthic intervention in co-infected individuals will delay it. We evaluated effects of high-intensity versus low-intensity praziquantel treatment of schistosomiasis on HIV disease progression among co-infected patients from fishing populations around Lake Victoria, Uganda. Methods: Between August 2012 and September 2015, we conducted an open-label randomised, controlled trial. Adults, antiretroviral therapy-naïve, CD4 counts ≥350 cells/μl, HIV and S. mansoni co-infected, were randomised 1:1 to praziquantel (40mg/kg) given quarterly (starting at enrolment) or annually (starting 12 weeks after enrolment; such that low-intensity participants were still untreated when sampled at 12 weeks). A non-randomised HIV-positive S. mansoni-negative comparison group was recruited. The primary outcome was mean change in plasma viral load at 12 and 60 weeks. Results: In total 363 participants (high-intensity 113, low-intensity 113, comparison group 137) were recruited; 96 (85.0%), 97 (85.8%) and 107 (78.1%) completed 60 weeks of follow up, respectively. Adjusting for baseline age and viral load, the geometric mean ratio (aGMR [95%CI]) viral load for high-intensity vs low-intensity groups at 12 weeks was 0.90 [0.65, 1.25] p=0.55 and at 60 weeks 1.88 [0.78, 4.53] p=0.16. Results in the comparison group were similar to trial arms. High-intensity, compared to low-intensity, treatment resulted in substantially lower S. mansoni prevalence at all follow up visits (p<0.05). Conclusions: In communities with a high burden of both S. mansoni and HIV infection, high-intensity treatment of S. mansoni does not delay HIV progression despite relevant benefit for parasite clearance. Trial registration: ISRCTN15371662 (17/11/2016)

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Nambiema, Aboubakari, Julie Bodin, Susan Stock, Agnès Aublet-Cuvelier, Alexis Descatha, Bradley Evanoff e Yves Roquelaure. "Proportion and Number of Upper-Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders Attributable to the Combined Effect of Biomechanical and Psychosocial Risk Factors in a Working Population". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 8 (7 aprile 2021): 3858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083858.

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The objective of this paper is to assess the combined effect of occupational biomechanical and psychosocial risk factors on the incidence of work-related upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) and estimate the proportion and number of incident cases attributable to these risk factors in a working population. Using data from the French COSALI (COhorte des SAlariés LIgériens) cohort (enrolment phase: 2002–2005; follow-up phase: 2007–2010), a complete case analysis including 1246 workers (59% men, mean age: 38 years ± 8.6 at baseline) was performed. All participants underwent a standardized clinical examination at enrolment and 1611 workers were re-examined at follow-up. Population attributable fractions and the number of UEMSD cases attributable to occupational risk factors were calculated. During follow-up, 139 UEMSD cases were diagnosed, representing an estimated 129,320 projected incident UEMSD cases in the working population. After adjusting for personal factors, in model 1, 8664 cases (6.7%) were attributable to low social support, 19,010 (14.7%) to high physical exertion, and 20,443 (15.8%) to co-exposure to both factors. In model 2, 16,294 (12.6%) cases were attributable to low social support, 6983 (5.4%) to posture with arms above shoulder level, and 5043 (3.9%) to co-exposure to both factors. Our findings suggest that many cases of UEMSD could be potentially prevented by multidimensional interventions aimed at reducing exposure to high physical exertion and improving social support at work.

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Kumar, Sandeep, D. D. Gupta, Malay Sarkar e Ramesh . "Assessment of arterial stiffness in stable patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective case control study". International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, n. 11 (23 ottobre 2018): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184314.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and represents a substantial socioeconomic burden. Co-morbidities are more in COPD patients. Cardiovascular disease is one of the co-morbid conditions in COPD. Arterial stiffness has a strong predictive value for cardiovascular events, which can be assessed non-invasively. Various predictors of arterial stiffness between stable COPD patients and healthy volunteers were measured and compared.Methods: COPD patients attending pulmonary medicine outpatient services were screened for enrolment. It was a prospective case control study with enrolment of fifty COPD stable cases and fifty healthy control, who were matched for their age and sex. All eligible participants were subjected to focused history and physical examination as per structured questionnaire, followed by spirometric examination, periscope test, arterial blood gas analysis and six- minute walk test (6MWT).Results: Increased arterial stiffness was observed in COPD patients over a wide range of severity of airway obstruction. Distance walked in 6MWT and spirometric values were significantly lower in COPD group as compared to healthy group.Conclusions: It was concluded that vascular changes, which are predictive of cardiovascular disease remain as cardiovascular risks in mild or early lung disease. A strong relationship between COPD, systemic inflammation, arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease had been found which needs to be explored further. It was finally concluded that targeted therapeutic approach has broad aspect in reducing cardiovascular risks and has potential for improved prognosis in COPD.

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Zaib, Ahmad. "A Study on Parent’s Attitudes towards the Education of their Daughters". Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences 1, n. 1 (29 giugno 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i1.10.

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There have been different factors causing the inequality between male and female in access to education. Among all, the cultural and religious traditions and practices in favor of male domination in ruling the societies or states combined with the poor economy have been the most prominent elements. Girl’s enrolment also makes almost half of that of boys in primary level and around one fourth in secondary level as well university. By disaggregating rural, the facts become more shocking, as the girl’s enrolment in secondary levels makes one-tenth of boys in rural population. The low percentage is meant to be due to Co-education and different factors, cultural barriers, economical condition, distance to schools, parents favoring boys to education and so on. Educational theories and past related researches also defined the gap between male and female education in different parental attitude to get a status in the societies. The present study designed to recognize the factors, which do affect the parents’ attitudes towards their daughters’ education. The analysis of data and testing hypotheses was enhanced the research check the validity and reliability in the data. As conclusion to the research was found out that more co-educational institution in society higher will be the unfavorable attitude of parents towards their daughters’ education, it was found out that mother are more expecting their daughter’s education than fathers and it was found out that less income parents have the lack interest of their daughter’s education.

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Andrei, Dalina-Maria. "Human Capital and Economic Growth in Romania: A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM)". HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration 13, n. 1 (28 giugno 2022): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2022-0007.

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Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the human capital on economic growth impact in Romania. Variables have been selected according to an endogenous growth model basing on including the human capital in the Cobb-Douglas production function (Lucas, 1988). As all over usual, here gross domestic product (GDP) will be the endogenous of gross fixed capital formation (GFCF, as physical capital stock), employment (as labour), life expectancy and secondary enrolment rate(as proxies for human capital). We also use expenditure in research and development (R&D) sector (as its percentage in GDP), as control variable. Once our model developed, variables are found as integrated of order one (1) and co-integrated, here allowing a vector error correction model (VECM) for estimation. This will be a system of six equations covering a 25 years (1995-2019) interval for Romania. A long-term relation comes out of our empirical findings, as similarly to Wang (2016), so the GDP growth sees itself determined by: secondary school enrolment, life expectancy(i.e. for human capital), R&D expenditure and labour. Short run causalities have not been found significant for this model

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Touati, Nassera, e Lara Maillet. "Co-creation within hybrid networks: what can be learnt from the difficulties encountered? The example of the fight against blood- and sexually-transmitted infections". International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, n. 3 (2 marzo 2018): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852317741679.

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This article analyses co-creation processes within hybrid networks. Specifically, it looks at a particular co-creation mechanism, in this case, a strategic community set up to test new ways of dealing with blood- and sexually-transmitted infections in Quebec. A strategic community is a temporary structure of inter-organizational collaboration, made up of professionals, first-level managers, general practitioners, representatives of community organizations, etc. tasked with generating, implementing and evaluating new ideas about the organization of services. The results of this study highlight the difficulties encountered as well as the issues related to these co-creation processes. Notes for practitioners The implementation of co-creation processes, involving public, private and community actors, has to contend with numerous challenges: (1) the enrolment of the stakeholders concerned by the complex issues; (2) the creation of places for discussion and experimentation involving actors who play an important role in the implementation of change; (3) the mobilization of tools and facilitators to develop a common vision; (4) the action stage to validate new ways of doing things.

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Juel, A., C. B. Kristiansen, P. Munk-Jørgensen e P. Hjorth. "Interventions to improve lifestyle and quality of life in patients with concurrent mental illness and substance use". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (aprile 2017): s867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1738.

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BackgroundPatients with co-existence of psychiatric disorders and substance use have an increased risk of premature death. This is attributable to a higher prevalence of physical comorbidities and the lifestyle related to substance use. Furthermore, they experience low quality of life (QoL). Studies addressing lifestyle interventions for these patients are warranted.AimsTo investigate the physical health and QoL in patients with co-existence of psychiatric disorders and substance use, and to analyse for changes in their (a) health, (b) substance use and (c) QoL after a 24-month health-promotion programme. Further aims were to investigate associations between (a) QoL and number of interventions, (b) QoL and patient characteristics and (c) QoL and length of participation in the intervention.MethodsIn this naturalistic cohort study, 64 non-selected patients were engaged in health-promoting interventions added to contemporary treatments. QoL and clinical variables were measured at the beginning of and continuously during the programme by means of the WHOQoL-Bref questionnaire.ResultsAt enrolment, the patients’ intake of cannabis and alcohol was high. During follow-up, patients consumed significantly fewer caffeinated beverages (P = 0.038) and fast-food meals (P = 0.018), and slept significantly less (P = 0.032). The average dose of antipsychotic medication increased significantly (P = 0.015). QoL was low at enrolment but improved significantly overall (P = 0.009) and in the psychological (P = 0.020) and environmental domains (P = 0.012) at follow-up. The difference in total QoL was positively associated with the number of interventions attended.ConclusionThis programme shows promise in addressing health promotion for these patients and can easily be integrated into contemporary treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Khoo, Elaine, e Xiangying Huo. "The Efficacy of Culturally Responsive Pedagogy for Low-Proficiency International Students in Online Teaching and Learning". Journal of Teaching and Learning 16, n. 2 (8 settembre 2022): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/jtl.v16i2.7022.

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International students with low academic English proficiency face challenges with reading their course materials and writing assignments. Their challenges are exacerbated during remote learning, as they remain in their home countries, immersed in their home languages, which may be quite distant from academic English. To investigate the effects of culturally responsive pedagogy for international students online, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from a learner-driven, instructor-facilitated (LeD-InF) support program at a large university in southern Ontario. This fully online delivery of the Reading and Writing Excellence (RWE) program was re-envisioned from a long-running co-curricular program that addressed students’ academic English reading, writing, and critical thinking needs. Among eight groups (with the total enrolment of 154) in the Fall 2020 academic term cycle and nine groups (with the total enrolment of 226) in the Winter 2021 academic term cycle of the online RWE program, the intervention groups that were additionally supported with culturally responsive pedagogy had the highest volume of writing output and engagement metrics among all groups. The text data (of student voices and experiences) also reinforces the efficacy of culturally responsive pedagogy in facilitating student experience, constructing identities, promoting learner agency, increasing satisfaction, improving students’ perceptions of learning, and realizing transformative inclusivity.

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Gebrehiwot, Kidanemariam Gidey. "The Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Evidence from ARDL Approach to Co-Integration". American Journal of Trade and Policy 1, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2014): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v1i3.374.

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The main objective of the study was to investigate the long run and short run impact of human capital on economic growth in Ethiopia (using real GDP per capita, as a proxy for economic growth) over the period 1974/75-2010/2011. The ARDL Approach to Co-integration and Error Correction Model are applied in order to investigate the long-run and short run impact of Human capital on Economic growth. The finding of the Bounds test shows that there is a stable long run relationship between real GDP per capita, education human capital, health human capital, labor force, gross capital formation, government expenditure and official development assistance. The estimated long run model revels that human capital in the form of health (proxied by the ratio of public expenditure on health to real GDP) is the main contributor to real GDP per capita rise followed by education human capital (proxied by secondary school enrolment). Such findings are consistent with the endogenous growth theories which argue that an improvement in human capital (skilled and healthy workers) improves productivity. In the short run, the coefficient of error correction term is -0.7366 suggesting about 73.66 percent annual adjustment towards long run equilibrium. This is another proof for the existence of a stable long run relationship among the variables. The estimated coefficients of the short-run model indicate that education is the main contributor to real GDP per capita change followed by gross capital formation (one period lagged value) and government expenditure (one period lagged value). But, unlike its long run significant impact, health has no significant short run impact on the economy. Even its one period lag has a significant negative impact on the economy. The above results have an important policy implication. The findings of this paper imply that economic performance can be improved significantly when the ratio of public expenditure on health services to GDP increases and when secondary school enrolment improves. Such improvements have a large impact on human productivity which leads to improved national output per capita. Hence policy makers and / or the government should strive to create institutional capacity that increase school enrolment and improved basic health service by strengthening the infrastructure of educational and health institutions that produce quality manpower. In addition to its effort, the government should continue its leadership role in creating enabling environment that encourage better investment in human capital (education and health) by the private sector.

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Denegri-Knott, Janice, e Mark Tadajewski. "Sanctioning value". Marketing Theory 17, n. 2 (5 dicembre 2016): 219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470593116677766.

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This article offers an historical account of the contestation surrounding MP3 and its legitimation as a consumer choice option. We juxtapose our narrative against the service-dominant logic (SDL) literature, which positions the consumer as the co-creator of value. In these debates issues of power and politics are downplayed. By contrast, we foreground the politicized processes that frame consumer choice options. Through a study of the legal disputes around MP3 and digital delivery services, we make a case that law courts provide the scaffolding for judgements of value in the market system. Contrary to proponents of SDL, value is not only a function of co-production between company and customer. Nor do all consumption practices acquire sufficient legitimacy to enter into legally sanctioned value co-creation interactions. This is a function of the ‘hyper-power’ practiced by the legal community and related actors, which constitute or deny value to product offerings. Value is not, therefore, necessarily phenomenologically determined by the ultimate consumer. Neither are they the sovereign individual of marketing lore. Their subjectivity is patterned by macro and meso actors and service provision is permitted when it is capable of enrolment within the circuits of capital accumulation.

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Surtees, P. G., e P. Mcc Miller. "The Interval General Health Questionnaire". British Journal of Psychiatry 157, n. 5 (novembre 1990): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.5.679.

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An adaptation of the LIFE procedure was used with a self-report questionnaire to assess 173 medical students, close to their enrolment and again about six months later. The assessment procedure enabled changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression over the interval between interviews to be recorded and the subsequent classification of the symptom patterns into course categories. While women scored markedly higher than men at initial assessment, this was not so at follow-up. Almost 25% of students reported the co-occurrence of at least five psychological symptoms at some time during the six months. For many students these were of a persistent nature. The adapted GHQ meets the dual demands of restricted interview time and the need to assess the more minor psychological conditions.

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Muhammad Bello, Mansur, e Bilyaminu Tukur. "Contributions of Community Stakeholders in the Co-production of Female Child Education in Nigeria". Journal of Public Administration and Governance 11, n. 2 (16 giugno 2021): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v11i2.15866.

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This paper investigates the contributions of community stakeholders in the co-production of female child education in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Female child education in Nigeria is associated with some complex issues, like cultural barriers, religious misinterpretations and poverty among rural dwellers, which pose serious challenge for policy makers and public managers. The idea of engaging citizens to make contributions in the design, management and implementation of public polices is called co-production. Studies have revealed that the co-production of public services helped in addressing complex policy problems that cannot be addressed through top-down approach. This paper therefore, adopts co-production as an approach for addressing complexities associated with female child education in Zamfara State, Nigeria. It examines the contributions of community stakeholders in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of universal basic education geared towards improving female child education. The paper purposively selected 100 respondents from some selected local communities. The study similarly adopts a mixed research methods to address research questions. The findings of the study reveal that through social networks, time, will power and personal agency community stakeholders can create awareness, provide learning materials, develop and manage infrastructures to improve female child education. The study concludes that community engagement in the co-production of female child education can improve enrolment, retention of female children in the formal schools. Thus, to enhance female child education, government at all levels should actively engage community stakeholders in all cycles of public policy and public services provision.

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Lucas, Elumah, e Peter Shobayo. "Effect of Expenditures on Education, Human Capital Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria". Nile Journal of Business and Economics 3, n. 5 (21 aprile 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejbe.v3i5.89.

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Earlier studies on economic growth asserts that economic prosperity and functioning of a nation depends on its physical and human capital stock in form of knowledge acquired and an agent of national development in all countries of the world. Therefore, the need to examine the effect of expenditures on education, human capital development on economic growth in Nigeria. This study focuses on public expenditures on the education with a view to ascertain the relative commitments of the governments to this sector. This study covers the period of 1970-2015, employing an ex-post facto research design using time series data. The data used for this study are obtained mainly from secondary data which is quantitative in nature. The study employs descriptive statistics to assess the contributions of government expenditure on education, government expenditure on health, tertiary school enrolment, secondary school enrollment, primary school enrolment on gross domestic product. Also, Unit Root Test is conducted on the series to ascertain if they are stationary while co-integration test follows suit, to also ascertain the long run relationship between expenditure on education and human capital development on economic growth. The Johansen Cointegration test and Error Correction Mechanism estimated model found that that there is no significant effect of expenditure on education and human capital development on economic growth in Nigeria.

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Ali, Muhammad, e Muhammad Nishat. "Do Foreign Inflows Benefit Pakistani Poor?" Pakistan Development Review 48, n. 4II (1 dicembre 2009): 715–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v48i4iipp.715-738.

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Foreign Inflow plays an important role in country’s development. The importance of foreign inflows is not limited to developing countries; developed and emerging economies also attract foreign inflows to supplement their resources to sustain growth. The importance of foreign inflow in Pakistan is very well acknowledged and documented, however the affect of these inflows on poor people of Pakistan remains unanswered. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap by studying the impact of foreign inflows on poverty reduction in Pakistan through the channel of health, education and other indicators related to human development. Our foreign inflow variable consists of Foreign Direct Investment, Remittances and Foreign Assistance. Using ARDL approach to co-integration on time series data for the period 1972 to 2008, we found that foreign inflows as a whole have increased poverty levels in Pakistan. At disaggregated levels, we found that foreign assistance is the major component of inflows which is responsible for the positive relationship between inflows and poverty. We also found positive relationship between poverty and infant mortality and foreign inflows and female enrolment. The relationship suggests that increase in foreign inflows would not only increase poverty but also would increase infant mortality through indirect channel. The impact of inflow on female enrolment was however found to be positive. JEL classification: E00, F20, F21, F34, F35, I30 Keywords: Poverty, Economic Growth, Pakistan, Foreign Capital, Foreign Debt, Aid, Remittances, Foreign Direct Investment

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Singh, Ajai Kumar, Rakesh Shukla, Jitendra Kumar Trivedi e Deepti Singh. "Association of psychiatric co.morbidity and efficacy of treatment in chronic daily headache in Indian population". Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 04, n. 02 (aprile 2013): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.112736.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To study the prevalence of psychiatric co‑morbidity in patients of chronic daily headache (CDH) and compare the efficacy of treatment between various type of headache associated with psychiatric co‑morbidity. Materials and Methods: Prospective case control cohort study, 92 consecutive patients of CDH meeting eligibility criteria. The diagnosis of various subtypes of CDH was made according to the IHS criteria. Age, sex, educational, marital and socioeconomic status, matched controls were also selected. Patients were evaluated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) scale at the time of enrolment and at 3 months. Results: CDH accounted for 28% of all headache patients. The mean age of presentation was 30.2 ± 10.3 years, male: Female ratio of 28:64 and mean duration of 4.56 ± 0.56 years. Chronic migraine (CM) accounted for 59 patients, chronic tension type headache (CTTH) 22 patients, new daily persistent headache (NDPH) 3 patients and miscellaneous 8 patients. Psychiatric co‑morbidity was present in 53.3% patients with CDH, and was more common in CM (62.7%) as compared to CTTH (36.4%). Single psychiatric co‑morbidity was seen in 26 patients, while 23 patients had multiple co‑morbidity. Major depressive episode, anxiety disorder, agoraphobia and dysthymia were significant psychiatric co‑morbidities. Patients with CM were treated with topiramate or divalproex sodium ER and CTTH were treated with amitriptyline. 55 patients came for follow up at 3 months, improvement in headache was seen in 29 patients. Conclusion: Psychiatric co‑morbidity was present in more than 50% patients with CDH and its presence along with a duration of ≥2 years was associated with a poor response to treatment.

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Chamla, Dick, Olusola Oladeji, Ifeanyi Maduanusi, Sule Mele, Helni Mshelia e Naqibullah Safi. "High burden of co-morbidity and mortality among severely malnourished children admitted to outpatient therapeutic programme facilities in the conflict setting of Borno, Nigeria: a retrospective review". Public Health Nutrition 22, n. 10 (11 febbraio 2019): 1786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003968.

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AbstractObjectiveTo present evidence on the burden and outcomes of co-morbidities among severely malnourished (SAM) children admitted to outpatient therapeutic programme (OTP) facilities in the conflict setting of Borno, Nigeria.DesignRetrospective medical chart review.SettingFacility-based study.ParticipantsChildren aged 6–59 months with SAM enrolled in OTP between June and November 2016 whose medical records were analysed. Only pneumonia and diarrhoea were examined due to data limitations. Stata software was used for descriptive, multivariate and survival analyses.ResultsRecords of 396 children with median age of 15 months were identified and analysed from the date of enrolment to exit from OTP. Mean length of stay in OTP was 61d, with co-infected SAM children having shorter stay (P=0·006). Of the total, 148 (37·4 %) had at least one co-morbidity (pneumonia or diarrhoea), of which thirty-nine (26·4 %) had both. Cumulative rate of mortality during follow-up time was 9·5 (95 % CI 6·0, 15·1) per 10 000 child-days; SAM children with co-morbidities were ten times more likely to die than those without (hazard ratio=10·2; 95 % CI 3·4, 31·0). In multivariable analysis, co-morbidity (P=0·01), oedema (P=0·003), dehydration (P=0·02) and weight on admission (P=0·01) were associated with mortality. Both recovery and defaulter rates (57·8 and 36·1 %, respectively) did not meet SPHERE standards.ConclusionsChildren with SAM and co-morbidities are less likely to survive, presenting a significant barrier in improving child survival. The findings call for integrated OTP models that incorporate clinical algorithms and ensure prompt referral for SAM children with co-morbidity.

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Uctu, Ramazan, Hassan Essop e Rachel Jafta. "Evaluating South Africa’s tech-entrepreneurship programme for venture creation through the eyes of the participants". Industry and Higher Education 34, n. 3 (23 dicembre 2019): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950422219895207.

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Policymakers in many countries have lit on tech-entrepreneurship as an essential element for economic development. To this end, South Africa’s Technology Innovation Agency, with co-sponsorship from the Swiss–South African Joint Research Programme, has run a cross-country tech-entrepreneurial training programme for local tech-entrepreneurs since 2010. This study reviews participants’ assessment of the training programme utilizing the Tech-Entrepreneurship Survey of 2016, designed and administered by the authors. From analysis of the participants’ rich feedback on their motivations for enrolment, the quality of training received and the strengths and weaknesses of the programme, clear indications emerge of what worked and what did not work. This enables the identification of focus areas for tech-entrepreneurship programme owners and policymakers in pursuit of tech-entrepreneurship expansion.

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Jovin, Tudor G., Jeffrey L. Saver, Marc Ribo, Vitor Pereira, Anthony Furlan, Alain Bonafe, Blaise Baxter et al. "Diffusion-weighted imaging or computerized tomography perfusion assessment with clinical mismatch in the triage of wake up and late presenting strokes undergoing neurointervention with Trevo (DAWN) trial methods". International Journal of Stroke 12, n. 6 (1 giugno 2017): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493017710341.

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Rationale Efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke due to large vessel occlusion initiated beyond 6 h of time last seen well has not been demonstrated in randomized trials. Aim To establish whether subjects considered to have substantial areas of salvageable brain based on age-adjusted clinical core mismatch who can undergo endovascular treatment within 6–24 h from time last seen well (TLSW) have better outcomes at three months compared to subjects treated with standard medical therapy alone. Age-adjusted clinical core mismatch is defined by age (≤80 or >80 years), baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (10–20 or ≥21), and core size (0–20 cm3 in subjects older than 80 and, in subjects younger than 80, 0–30 cm3 with NIHSS 10–20 and 31–50 cm3 with NIHSS ≥21). Design Prospective, randomized, multicenter, Bayesian adaptive-enrichment, open label trial with blinded endpoint assessment. For the purpose of enrolment, ischemic core size will be evaluated by CT perfusion or magnetic resonance imaging-diffusion-weighted imaging measured by automated software (RAPID). Procedures Subjects with acute ischemic stroke due to computed tomography angiography- or magnetic resonance angiogram-proven arterial occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid and/or proximal middle cerebral artery (M1) with age-adjusted clinical core mismatch in whom treatment can be initiated between 6 and 24 h from TSLW are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive mechanical embolectomy with the Trevo device or medical management alone. Sequential interim analyses allowing adaptation of enrolment criteria or stopping new enrolment for futility or predicted success will occur in every 50 randomized patients starting at 150 to a maximum of 500 patients. Study outcomes The primary endpoint is the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. The primary safety outcome is stroke-related mortality at 90 days. Analysis The primary endpoint, expressed as a utility-weighted modified Rankin Scale score is analyzed using a Bayesian posterior probability with adjustment for ischemic core size. For regulatory reasons, a nested co-primary endpoint analysis was added consisting of the proportion of subjects with modified Rankin Scale 0–2 between the active and control groups also analyzed using a Bayesian model.

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Garg, Ajoy Kumar, Suprita Kalra, Ashutosh Kumar e Madhuri Kanitkar. "A Crossover Comparative Study to Assess Efficacy of 5% vs. 20% Albumin in the Treatment of Anasarca in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome". Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 40, n. 3 (15 dicembre 2020): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v40i3.29110.

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Introduction: Co-administration of albumin and furosemide has shown better response than furosemide alone in managing anasarca among children with nephrotic syndrome. There are different concentrations of albumin available. The aim of this study was to compare diuretic response to co-administration of either 5% or 20% albumin with furosemide in these children. Methods: It was a crossover randomised trial conducted on children with nephrotic syndrome with moderate to severe oedema at a tertiary care centre. They were randomised to two groups; Group A (n = 14) received 5% albumin along with furosemide in midway followed by 20% albumin after washout period of 48 hrs and group B (n = 10) received albumin vice versa. Baseline and post therapy vitals, fluid intake, urine output and biochemistry were noted. Primary outcomes were increase in urine output and reduction in weight following co-administration of albumin with furosemide. For analysis of primary outcomes, two interventional arms were formed; group I (5% Albumin co-administered with furosemide) and group II (20% albumin co-administered with furosemide). Results: Total children were 24 in each arm i.e. group I and II. Eighteen (75%) were males. Mean (range) age at enrolment and duration of illness were 55.3 (15 - 144) and 18.6 (1 - 120) months respectively. Mean difference (SD) in urine output were 1.52 (1.11) and 1.66 (0.95) ml/kg/hr (p = 0.12) and mean percentage weight loss were 2.25% (2.12) and 3.68% (3.84) in group I and II respectively (p = 0.64). On further comparing, urine output was significantly better when 5% albumin was co-administered with furosemide during first period than in second period. Conclusions: Co-administration of either 5% or 20% albumin with furosemide is equally safe and effective in increasing urine output in children with anasarca.

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Hussaini, Nilofer. "Economic Growth and Higher Education in South Asian Countries: Evidence from Econometrics". International Journal of Higher Education 9, n. 2 (8 gennaio 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n2p118.

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South Asian economies has witnessed very slow growth over the years and the gap has widened manifold between other nations of Asia particularly East Asian nations and South Asian nations. This paper examines co-integration between the economic growth and reach of higher education in South Asian nations explaining this disparity. The research employed an econometric panel co-integration investigation to analyse the long run relationship of higher education and economic growth among these nations. The research confirmed positive long run causality between the economic growth of the South Asian nations and gross enrolment ratio of higher education. So, if the South Asian nations continue with their existing pattern of paying less attention to higher education by allocating low share of investment on it, poor human capital formation would result in growing further economic disparity between developed and South Asian nations where rich nations would remain richer and poor nations would remain poor with the gap remaining unabridged. This research will serve as an aid to policy makers, educators and financers of South Asian nations to bridge the gap between high- and low-income nations. The focus on the quantum of spending on higher education by the government will help improve the reach of tertiary education and build economic prosperity in these nations.

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Paaso, A. E., K. Louvanto, K. J. Syrjänen, T. Waterboer, S. E. Grénman, M. Pawlita e S. M. Syrjänen. "Lack of type-specific concordance between human papillomavirus (HPV) serology and HPV DNA detection in the uterine cervix and oral mucosa". Journal of General Virology 92, n. 9 (1 settembre 2011): 2034–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.032011-0.

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There is limited knowledge about longitudinal genotype-specific concordance between human papillomavirus (HPV) serology and co-existent presence of HPV DNA in the uterine cervix. The role of oral HPV infections in inducing serological response is unclear, as is the effect of HPV antibodies on the outcome of oral HPV infections. The present study is part of the Finnish Family HPV Study designed to evaluate dynamics of HPV infections within families. Here, we correlated the point prevalence of HPV6, 11, 16, 18 and 45 antibodies and concomitant genotype-specific HPV DNA detection in cervical and oral samples of 323 mothers during their 3 year (mean 37.5 months) follow-up. The mean age of these pregnant mothers at enrolment (third trimester) was 25.5 years. HPV antibodies were analysed with multiplex HPV serology and HPV genotyping was performed using a Multimetrix kit (Progen Biotechnik). There was no concordance between cervical DNA detection and co-existent seropositivity, and the same was true even in samples taken 12 months apart. Women who cleared their cervical HPV16 infection had the highest HPV16 antibody levels, whereas those who acquired incident HPV16 infections had the lowest antibody levels. Neither the presence nor the dynamics of oral HPV DNA had any correlation with HPV serology.

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Das, Rina, Md Ahshanul Haque, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Abu Sayed Golam Faruque e Tahmeed Ahmed. "Association between Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infection and Growth in Children under 5 Years of Age: Analyzing Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study". Nutrients 13, n. 2 (28 gennaio 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020392.

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the less focused on infections and is often associated with faulty child nutrition in the developing world. This study aimed to evaluate the association of NTS infection with growth faltering among children under the age of five. We analyzed data from 378 fecal NTS positive children with both moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and asymptomatic infection from the seven countries of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa during enrolment and on day 60 follow up in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) for the period of December 2007 to March 2011. Children not associated with fecal NTS (n = 1134) were randomly selected from the same dataset (1:3 ratio) as a comparison group. The association between an explanatory variable and the outcome variable was longitudinally tested using generalized estimating equations (GEE), where the dependent variables were height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) z-score, and the independent variable was the presence of fecal NTS. The GEE multivariable model identified a negative association between fecal NTS and WAZ (coefficient: −0.19; 95% CI (confidence interval): −0.33, −0.04, and p value = 0.010), WHZ (coef: −0.19; 95% CI: −0.34, −0.05, and p value = 0.007), and HAZ (coef: −0.13; 95% CI: −0.27, −0.01, and p value = 0.073) after adjusting for age, gender, diarrhea, breastfeeding status, mothers’ education, number of children under the age of five, household size by the number of people regularly sleep at the home, handwashing practice, source of drinking water, wealth index, presence of co-pathogens, comorbidity, and study sites. In the GEMS, where children were followed during 50–90 days of enrolment, the presence of fecal NTS harmed the child’s anthropometric outcomes. Minimizing potential exposure to NTS is needed to curb worsening child undernutrition.

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Zhukova, Nataliya, Dilru Habarakada, Caroline Drinkwater, Andrew Danks, Chris Xenos, Beena Kumar, Lauren Haddad et al. "OTHR-30. Multidisciplinary approach to childhood cancer bio-banking improves enrollment and enables better access to diagnostic and therapeutic studies". Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (1 giugno 2022): i153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.568.

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Abstract Despite the significant progress made in the multi-modal treatment of childhood malignancies over the last four decades with a concomitantly increased cure rates, the benefit is still largely limited to patients with leukemias, lymphomas and localized non-CNS solid tumors, leaving patients with high-risk non-CNS solid tumours and most CNS malignancies with minimal advancements. More research is critical to understand what drives these cancers and to investigate the best ways to deliver curative therapies. Translational research relies on patient-derived tissue samples, animal models and cell-cultures to understand the biological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms of disease. To facilitate patient care and outcomes, it is becoming increasingly important that paediatric clinical trials include tissue availability as part of eligibility criteria, making collection and storage of patient tissue a mandate of personalised medicine and a pillar of modern paediatric cancer medicine. Monash Children’s Cancer Biobank was established in 2011. Since 2017, a total of 64 patients were diagnosed with CNS malignancies across all grades, with an overall 69% of patients’ tissues being biobanked at the time of initial diagnosis. A co-ordinated, multidisciplinary approach to biobanking is crucial to the success of tissue acquisition. Through the combination of an educational forum, regular neuro-surgical multi-disciplinary meetings, and the early involvement of medical oncology and biobank staff, with our neurosurgical and clinical pathology colleagues, as part of patient management planning, the tissue acquisition for biobanking increased from 44% to 82% over the course of 5 years. This consequently led to a 100% enrolment to tissue-enabling studies, significantly improving identification of targetable molecular lesions, enrolment onto treatment clinical trials and identification of patients with cancer predisposition syndromes.

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Kubota, Takuo, Seiji Fukumoto, Hae Il Cheong, Toshimi Michigami, Noriyuki Namba, Nobuaki Ito, Shin Tokunaga, Yoshimi Gibbs e Keiichi Ozono. "Long-term outcomes for Asian patients with X-linked hypophosphataemia: rationale and design of the SUNFLOWER longitudinal, observational cohort study". BMJ Open 10, n. 6 (giugno 2020): e036367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036367.

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IntroductionX-linked hypophosphataemic rickets/osteomalacia (XLH) is a chronic, debilitating genetic disease characterised by skeletal abnormalities and growth disorder. The burden of XLH begins in childhood and continues throughout life. Conventional medical therapy with phosphate, active vitamin D and surgery do not address the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. While treatment during childhood may improve bone deformity and growth retardation, a large proportion of adult patients still fail to reach normal stature. Furthermore, adult patients with XLH report comorbidities associated with unresolved childhood disease, as well as newly developed disease-related complications and significantly impaired quality of life (QOL). Despite the multiple negative aspects of XLH, Asian consensus statements for diagnosis and management are lacking.Methods and analysisThe Study of longitUdinal observatioN For patients with X-Linked hypOphosphataemic rickets/osteomalacia in collaboration With Asian partnERs study is a longitudinal observational cohort study of patients with XLH, designed to determine the medical characteristics and burdens (physical, emotional and financial) of this progressive disease and to evaluate the impact of treatment (including the use of burosumab) on clinical outcomes. The study was initiated in April 2018, and registration will remain open until 30 April 2022. The sample size planned for analyses is 160 patients, consisting of 100 patients in Japan and 60 patients in Korea. Up to 5 years of observation are planned per patient, from enrolment through to April 2023. Prospective and retrospective data will be collected to evaluate variables, including height/growth, rickets severity score, QOL, motor function and biomarkers for phosphate metabolism and bone turnover.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Osaka University, the Ethics Committee of Kyowa Kirin Co and by the Ethics Committee of each participating medical institution. Two interim analyses and associated publications are planned using retrospective and enrolment data at year 1 and results at year 3.Trial registration numbersNCT03745521; UMIN000031605.

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Heerspink, Hiddo J. L., Bergur V. Stefansson, Glenn M. Chertow, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Tom Greene, Fan-Fan Hou, Magnus Lindberg et al. "Rationale and protocol of the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized controlled trial". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2020): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz290.

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Abstract Background Recent cardiovascular outcome trials have shown that sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. Whether these benefits extend to CKD patients without type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease is unknown. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD) trial (NCT03036150) will assess the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on renal and cardiovascular events in a broad range of patients with CKD with and without diabetes. Methods DAPA-CKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial in which ∼4300 patients with CKD Stages 2–4 and elevated urinary albumin excretion will be enrolled. The vast majority will be receiving a maximum tolerated dose of a renin–angiotensin system inhibitor at enrolment. Results After a screening assessment, eligible patients with a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio ≥200 mg/g and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 25 and 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 are randomly assigned to placebo or dapagliflozin 10 mg/day. Enrolment is monitored to ensure that at least 30% of patients do not have diabetes and that no more than 10% have an eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The primary endpoint is a composite of a sustained decline in eGFR of ≥50%, end-stage renal disease, renal death or cardiovascular death. The trial will conclude when 681 primary renal events have occurred, providing 90% power to detect a 22% relative risk reduction (α level of 0.05). Conclusion DAPA-CKD will determine whether the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to guideline-recommended therapies, safely reduces the rate of renal and cardiovascular events in patients across multiple CKD stages with and without diabetes.

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Baker, Kelly K., Jane Awiti Odhiambo Mumma, Sheillah Simiyu, Daniel Sewell, Kevin Tsai, John David Anderson, Amy MacDougall, Robert Dreibelbis e Oliver Cumming. "Environmental and behavioural exposure pathways associated with diarrhoea and enteric pathogen detection in 5-month-old, periurban Kenyan infants: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 12, n. 10 (ottobre 2022): e059878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059878.

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test whether household environmental hygiene and behavioural conditions moderated associations between diarrhoea and enteric pathogen detection in infants 5 months of age in Kenya and pathogen sources, including latrine access, domestic animal co-habitation and public food sources.DesignCross-sectional study utilising enrolment survey data of households participating in the Safe Start cluster-randomised controlled trial .SettingKisumu, Kenya.ParticipantsA total of 898 caregivers with 5-month (22 week ± 1 week) aged infants were enrolled in the study and completed the enrolment survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcomes were (1) caregiver-reported 7-day diarrhoea prevalence and (2) count of types of enteric viruses, bacteria and parasites in infant stool. Exposures and effect modifiers included water access and treatment, cohabitation with domestic animals, sanitation access, handwashing practices, supplemental feeding, access to refrigeration and flooring.ResultsReported handwashing after handling animals (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.20; 95% CI=0.06 to 0.50) and before eating (aOR=0.44; 95% CI=0.26 to 0.73) were strongly associated with lower risk of caregiver-reported diarrhoea, while cohabitation with animals (aOR=1.54; 95% CI=1.01 to 2.34) living in a household with vinyl-covered dirt floors (aOR=0.60; 95% CI=0.45 to 0.87) were strongly associated with pathogen codetection in infants. Caregiver handwashing after child (p=0.02) or self-defecation (p=0.03) moderated the relationship between shared sanitation access and infant exposure to pathogens, specifically private latrine access was protective against pathogen exposure of infants in households, where caregivers washed hands after defecation. In the absence of handwashing, access to private sanitation posed no benefits over shared latrines for protecting infants from exposure.ConclusionOur evidence highlights eliminating animal cohabitation and improving flooring, postdefecation and food-related handwashing, and safety and use of cow milk sources as interventions to prevent enteric pathogen exposure of young infants in Kenya.Trial registration numberNCT03468114

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Kalamulla, Ruwanthika, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Jaturong Kumla e Neelamanie Yapa. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Community Dynamics and Functioning in Diff erent Rice Cultivation Systems". Chiang Mai Journal of Science 49, n. 3 (31 maggio 2022): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2022.049.

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As a main component of soil microbiota arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a benefi cial role in the agro-ecosystems. Introduction of AMF inoculum as a biofertilizer to the rice cultivation system is one of the environmentally healthy solutions that may increase crop productivity and yield, when compare to the non-AMF relationships. Within an ecosystem, both biotic and abiotic factors affect the diversity, distribution, and ecological role of AMF. Here we reviewed the effect of the variables including production area, environmental conditions, agricultural management systems, rice varieties, and different growth stages of the host on dynamics and structure of the AMF community mainly in the rice fi elds. Understanding of this co-relation is required to explore their future enrolment in agriculture. To ensure food security, identifi cation of all variables that may make indigenous AMF presence and active in different rice growing systems needs to be done in order to explore this specifi c fungus-root interaction.

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SZE, FELIX, GLADYS TANG, TAMMY LAU, EMILY LAM e CHRIS YIU. "The development of discourse referencing in Cantonese of deaf/hard-of-hearing children". Journal of Child Language 42, n. 2 (8 aprile 2014): 351–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500091400004x.

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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the development of discourse referencing in spoken Cantonese of fifteen deaf/hard-of-hearing children studying in a sign bilingual and co-enrolment education programme in a mainstream setting in Hong Kong. A comparison of their elicited narratives with those of the hearing children and adults shows that, despite a delay in acquiring the grammatical markings for (in)definiteness in Cantonese, these d/hh children show sensitivity towards the referential properties of different types of nominal expressions and their corresponding mappings with discourse functions. Specifically, they produced more bare nouns across all discourse contexts but fewer existential constructions, pronouns, demonstratives, and classifier-related constructions. Their choice of nominal expressions and the observed errors show striking similarities to the productions by the younger hearing children in this study, suggesting that the d/hh children's route of development of discourse referencing is likely to be similar to that of hearing children despite a slower rate of development.

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Shah, Rahul, Mukaila A. Raji, Jordan Westra e Yong-Fang Kuo. "Association of co-prescribing of opioid and benzodiazepine substitutes with incident falls and fractures among older adults: a cohort study". BMJ Open 11, n. 12 (dicembre 2021): e052057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052057.

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ObjectiveExamine the association between the co-prescribing of opioids, benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids (pregabalin and gabapentin) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI/SNRIs) in different combinations and the risk of falls and fractures.DesignRetrospective cohort study from 2015 to 2018.SettingMedicare enrolment and claims data.ParticipantsMedicare beneficiaries with both chronic pain and anxiety disorders in 2016 with continuous enrolments in Parts A and B from 2015 to 2016 who were prescribed any combination of opioid, benzodiazepine, gabapentinoid and SSRI/SNRI in 2017 for ≥7 days, as documented in their Medicare Part D coverage.InterventionsAny combination of use of seven drug regimens (benzodiazepine +opioid; benzodiazepine +gabapentinoid; benzodiazepine +SSRI/SNRI; opioid +gabapentinoid; opioid +SSRI/SNRI; gabapentinoid +SSRI/SNRI; ≥3 drug classes).Main outcomesFirst event of fall and the first event of fracture after the index date, which was the first day of combination drug use that lasted ≥7 days in 2017.ResultsA total of 47 964 patients (mean [SD] age, 75.9 [7.1]; 78.0% woman) with diagnoses of both chronic pain and anxiety were studied. The median (Q1–Q3) duration of drug combination use was 26 (14-30) days. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, chronic conditions and history of hospitalisation and fall or fracture, the co-prescribing of ≥3 drugs (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.38; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.67) and opioid plus gabapentinoid (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37) were associated with a high fall risk, compared with benzodiazepineplus opioid co-prescribing, findings consistent with the secondary analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scores. The co-prescribing of benzodiazepine plus gabapentinoid (aHR, 0.76; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98) was associated with lower fracture risk compared with the co-prescribing of benzodiazepine plus opioid, though this finding was not robust.ConclusionsOur findings add to comparative toxicity research on different combinations of gabapentinoids and serotonergic agents commonly prescribed with or as substitutes for opioids and benzodiazepines in patients with co-occurring chronic pain and anxiety.

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Inturrisi, Federica, Lawrence Rozendaal, Nienke J. Veldhuijzen, Daniëlle A. M. Heideman, Chris J. L. M. Meijer e Johannes Berkhof. "Risk of cervical precancer among HPV–negative women in the Netherlands and its association with previous HPV and cytology results: A follow-up analysis of a randomized screening study". PLOS Medicine 19, n. 10 (28 ottobre 2022): e1004115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004115.

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Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening programs still use one-size-fits-all protocols but efficiency and efficacy of programs may be improved by stratifying women based on previous screening results. Methods and findings We studied the association between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer (CIN3+) and previous screening results in the Population-Based Screening Study Amsterdam (POBASCAM) trial, performed in the Netherlands in the setting of regular screening, where women aged from 29 to 61 years old were invited to cytology and HPV co-testing at enrolment in year 1999/2002 and at the next round in 2003/2007. We selected 18,448 women (9,293 from the intervention group and 9,155 from the control group) who tested HPV–negative in 2003/2007 and did not have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) or hysterectomy after enrolment. Follow-up was collected until 14 years after the 2003/2007 screen, covering 4 rounds of screening. Risk of CIN3+ and CIN2+ among women with an HPV–negative test, irrespective of previous round results and stratified according to previous round HPV and cytology results, were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. During 14 years of follow-up, 62 CIN3+ cases (24 in the intervention group and 38 in the control group) were detected. HPV–negative women had a 14-year CIN3+ risk of 0.48% (95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.62) and CIN2+ risk of 1.17% (0.99 to 1.38). The CIN3+ risk among HPV–negative women was increased in women with a previous positive HPV test (2.36%, 1.20 to 4.63; p < 0.001) or co-test (1.68%, 0.87 to 3.20; p < 0.001) and, equivalently, decreased in women with a previous negative HPV test (0.43%, 0.33 to 0.57) or a negative co-test (0.43%, 0.33 to 0.57). The CIN3+ risk was not influenced by the previous cytology result. The CIN3+ risk among HPV–negative women was increased after both a previous HPV16–positive test (3.90%, 1.47 to 10.12; p < 0.001) and a previous HPV16–negative/HPVother–positive test (1.91%, 0.76 to 4.74; p = 0.002). For endpoint CIN2+ (147 cases), findings were similar except that the CIN2+ risk was increased after previous abnormal cytology (4.06%, 2.30 to 7.12; p < 0.001). The presented risk estimates were calculated by tracking histological results through the Dutch nationwide pathology archive (PALGA) and were not adjusted for non-compliance with the colposcopy referral advice. Conclusions HPV–negative women had an increased long-term risk of CIN3+ when the HPV test in the previous screening round was positive. This supports the implementation of risk-based intervals that depend on HPV results in the current and previous screening round. Trial registration POBASCAM trial, trial registration number ISRCTN20781131.

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Steadman, Patrick E., Johanna Crudden e Kathy Boutis. "Implementation of a volunteer university student research assistant program in an emergency department: the nuts and bolts for success". CJEM 17, n. 5 (13 luglio 2015): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2015.79.

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AbstractProspective research studies often advance clinical practice in the emergency department (ED), but they can be costly and difficult to perform. In this report, we describe the implementation of a volunteer university student research assistant program that provides students exposure to medicine and clinical research while simultaneously increasing the capacity of an ED’s research program. This type of program provides 15 hours per day of research assistant coverage for patient screening and enrolment for minimal risk research studies, and screening for higher risk studies. The latter is true without the added burden or costs of co-administering university course credit or pay for service, which are common features of most of these types of programs currently in operation. We have shown that our volunteer-based program is effective for an ED’s research success as well as for its student participants. For other EDs interested in adopting similar programs, we provide the details on how to get such a program started and highlight the structure and non-monetary incentives that facilitate a program’s ongoing success.

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Mohammed, Altahir Saeed Ibrahim. "Determination the sero prevalence of HCV among HBV Sudanese patients". Science Progress and Research 1, n. 3 (10 ottobre 2022): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52152/spr/2022.177.

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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The study aimed to determine the sero prevalence of HCV among HBV patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Military Hospital-Omdurman. Data including socio-demographical information, age, residence, gender, tribes) also history of hospitalization and blood transfusion, were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood specimen were collected for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus using indirect-Elisa method ,Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained prior to the enrolment in the study. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: Elisa test showed that only 4% of patients in this study showed positive result. Most of participants (60%) aged between 30-40 years, followed by 30% between 40-50 years, 10% between 20-30 years of age, 30% of patients were hospitalized while 70% were not hospitalized. Conclusions: Low percentage of HBV patients showed positive ELISA test result of HCV. Severe acute hepatitis B was more frequent in the HBV-HCV co infected group than in the HBV infected group.

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Jongen, Vita W., Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff, Matthys H. Botha, Staci L. Sudenga, Martha E. Abrahamsen e Anna R. Giuliano. "Incidence and risk factors of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae among young women from the Western Cape, South Africa: The EVRI study". PLOS ONE 16, n. 5 (3 maggio 2021): e0250871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250871.

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Objective Young women in South Africa are highly affected by sexually transmitted infections (STI), like C. trachomatis (CT) and N. gonorrhoeae (NG). We aimed to estimate the incidence of CT and NG, and its determinants, among young women from the Western Cape, South Africa, participating in an HPV vaccine trial (the EVRI study). Methods HIV-negative women aged 16–24 years were enrolled between October 2012 and July 2013. At enrolment and month 6 participants were screened for CT and NG (Anyplex CT/NG real-time detection method). A questionnaire on demographic and sexual history characteristics was completed at enrolment and month 7. Treatment for CT and/or NG was offered to infected participants. Incidence rates (IR) of CT and NG were estimated. Determinants of incident CT and NG infections were assessed using Poisson regression. Results 365 women were tested for CT and/or NG at least twice. Prevalence of CT and NG at baseline was 33.7% and 10.4%, respectively. Prevalence of co-infection with CT and NG was 7.1%. During 113.3 person-years (py), 48 incident CT infections were diagnosed (IR = 42.4 per 100 py, 95% confidence interval (CI) 31.9–56.2). Twenty-nine incident NG were diagnosed during 139.3 py (IR = 20.8 per 100 py, 95%CI 14.5–29.9). Prevalent CT infection at baseline was associated with incident CT (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 5.8, 95%CI 3.0–11.23. More than three lifetime sex partners increased the risk for incident NG (3–4 partners aIRR = 7.3, 95%CI 2.1–26.0; ≥5 partners aIRR = 4.3, 95%CI 1.1–17.5). Conclusions The IR of bacterial STIs among young women in the Western Cape is very high. Besides being previously infected and a higher lifetime number of sex partners, no other risk factors were found for CT and NG, suggesting that the majority of these women were at risk. This indicates the need for intensified prevention of STIs as well as screening and treatment programs to increase sexual health in this region.

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Kalimuddin, Shirin, Yii Ean Teh, Liang En Wee, Shay Paintal, Ram Sasisekharan, Jenny G. Low, Sujata K. Sheth e Eng Eong Ooi. "Chronic sequelae complicate convalescence from both dengue and acute viral respiratory illness". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, n. 8 (18 agosto 2022): e0010724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010724.

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Long Covid has raised awareness of the potentially disabling chronic sequelae that afflicts patients after acute viral infection. Similar syndromes of post-infectious sequelae have also been observed after other viral infections such as dengue, but their true prevalence and functional impact remain poorly defined. We prospectively enrolled 209 patients with acute dengue (n = 48; one with severe dengue) and other acute viral respiratory infections (ARI) (n = 161), and followed them up for chronic sequelae up to one year post-enrolment, prior to the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. Baseline demographics and co-morbidities were balanced between both groups except for gender, with more males in the dengue cohort (63% vs 29%, p<0.001). Except for the first visit, data on symptoms were collected remotely using a purpose-built mobile phone application. Mental health outcomes were evaluated using the validated SF-12v2 Health Survey. Almost all patients (95.8% of dengue and 94.4% of ARI patients) experienced at least one symptom of fatigue, somnolence, headache, concentration impairment or memory impairment within the first week of enrolment. Amongst patients with at least 3-months of follow-up, 18.0% in the dengue cohort and 14.6% in the ARI cohort experienced persistent symptoms. The median month-3 SF-12v2 Mental Component Summary Score was lower in patients who remained symptomatic at 3 months and beyond, compared to those whose symptoms fully resolved (47.7 vs. 56.0, p<0.001), indicating that patients who self-reported persistence of symptoms also experienced functionally worse mental health. No statistically significant difference in age, gender distribution or hospitalisation status was observed between those with and without chronic sequelae. Our findings reveal an under-appreciated burden of post-infection chronic sequelae in dengue and ARI patients. They call for studies to define the pathophysiology of this condition, and determine the efficacy of both vaccines as well as antiviral drugs in preventing such sequelae.

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