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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Climatic changes"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 15 giugno 2024

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1

Kovács-Láng, E., Gy Kröel-Dulay, M. Kertész, G. Fekete, S. Bartha, J. Mika, I. Dobi-Wantuch, T. Rédei, K. Rajkai e I. Hahn. "Changes in the composition of sand grasslands along a climatic gradient in Hungary and implications for climate change". Phytocoenologia 30, n. 3-4 (24 novembre 2000): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/30/2000/385.

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2

ERONEN, MATTI. "Global climatic changes". Boreas 11, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2008): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1982.tb00521.x.

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3

Oriangi, George, Yazidhi Bamutaze, Paul Isolo Mukwaya e Edekebon Elaijah. "Medium Term Climate Change Effects on Millet Yields in Gulu District, Northern Uganda". African Journal of Climate Change and Resource Sustainability 3, n. 1 (12 maggio 2024): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ajccrs.3.1.1919.

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Climate change is expected to adversely affect crop yields and livelihoods of agro-dependent societies, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there remain gaps on the effects of expected regional climatic changes on key food security crops. This study assessed the projected climatic conditions and expected changes in millet yields for Paicho Sub County (S/C) in Gulu District up to the year 2033 using a cross sectional study design. To determine future climatic conditions, PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) model was used based on projected conditions at a 50 km spatial resolution while millet yields were modelled using Penman Grindley soil moisture balance model. PRECIS projected changes for 2033 reveal a strong and significant decrease in rainfall (p< 0.05). This is likely to decrease millet yields by 2.6% below the average current yields of 1.8 tons per hectare per year under business-as-usual scenario. The finding indicates a need for improved millet varieties that can survive under changed climatic conditions

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4

Radadiya, Sanjay. "Global Climatic Changes & its Effect on Agriculture". Indian Journal of Applied Research 2, n. 3 (1 ottobre 2011): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2012/37.

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5

Mohammad Reza, Khaleghi. "Application of dendroclimatology in evaluation of climatic changes". Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 3 (28 marzo 2018): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2017-jfs.

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The present study tends to describe the survey of climatic changes in the case of the Bojnourd region of North Khorasan, Iran. Climate change due to a fragile ecosystem in semi-arid and arid regions such as Iran is one of the most challenging climatological and hydrological problems. Dendrochronology, which uses tree rings to their exact year of formation to analyse temporal and spatial patterns of processes in the physical and cultural sciences, can be used to evaluate the effects of climate change. In this study, the effects of climate change were simulated using dendrochronology (tree rings) and an artificial neural network (ANN) for the period from 1800 to 2015. The present study was executed using the Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Meyer. Tree-ring width, temperature, and precipitation were the input parameters for the study, and climate change parameters were the outputs. After the training process, the model was verified. The verified network and tree rings were used to simulate climatic parameter changes during the past times. The results showed that the integration of dendroclimatology and an ANN renders a high degree of accuracy and efficiency in the simulation of climate change. The results showed that in the last two centuries, the climate of the study area changed from semiarid to arid, and its annual precipitation decreased significantly.

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6

Stauffer, B., H. Oeschger e J. Schwander. "Changes Of Atmospheric Methane Concentration Parallel To Climatic Changes". Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500009368.

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Measurements on ice-core samples showed that atmospheric methane concentration changed with the large climatic cycles during the last two glaciations (Stauffer and others, 1988; Raynaud and others, 1988). The methane concentration is lower in cold periods and higher in warm periods. In this paper we discuss the results of CH4 measurements of samples from periods of minor climatic change, like the climatic optimum 8000 years B.P. and the Younger Dryas period about 10 000 to 11 000 years B.P.. The data are interpreted in terms of the present understanding of methane sources and sinks.

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7

Stauffer, B., H. Oeschger e J. Schwander. "Changes Of Atmospheric Methane Concentration Parallel To Climatic Changes". Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009368.

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Measurements on ice-core samples showed that atmospheric methane concentration changed with the large climatic cycles during the last two glaciations (Stauffer and others, 1988; Raynaud and others, 1988). The methane concentration is lower in cold periods and higher in warm periods. In this paper we discuss the results of CH4 measurements of samples from periods of minor climatic change, like the climatic optimum 8000 years B.P. and the Younger Dryas period about 10 000 to 11 000 years B.P.. The data are interpreted in terms of the present understanding of methane sources and sinks.

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8

Alvi, Shamsul Haque. "Climatic changes in Bahrain". GeoJournal 37, n. 1 (settembre 1995): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00814884.

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9

Oriangi, George, Paul Isolo Mukwaya, Justine Kilama Luwa, Menya Emmanuel, Malinga Geoffrey Maxwell e Yazidhi Bamutaze. "Variability and Changes in Climate in Northern Uganda". African Journal of Climate Change and Resource Sustainability 3, n. 1 (18 marzo 2024): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ajccrs.3.1.1830.

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Variability and changes in climate are generally expected to occur. However, there remain gaps on dynamics of expected regional variations in climatic changes. This study assessed historic and projected climatic conditions up to the year 2033. The study hypothesized that temperature rather than rainfall significantly increased for the period 1980-2010 and rainfall rather than temperature is likely to decrease significantly by 2033 for Gulu District in northern Uganda. To determine historic climatic trends, rainfall and temperature data were obtained from Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA) while for future climate, the PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) modelled data based on projected conditions at a 50 km spatial resolution was used. These data sets were subjected to trend analysis and the differences in means were detected at a 95% confidence level. Contrary to the evidences from other empirical studies, results generally indicated decreasing rainfall for the period 1980-2010. However, the decrease was not significant (P > 0.05) while both historic mean annual maximum and minimum temperature trends showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.05). Projections for 2033 reveal a significant decrease in rainfall (P < 0.05) while both maximum and minimum temperature will remain quasi uniform

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10

Karataş, Kader Semra, e Sevda Ocak. "Climatic Changes and Psychiatric Disorders". Van Medical Journal 25, n. 2 (2018): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/vtd.2018.50455.

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11

Lécuyer, Christophe. "Learning from past climatic changes". Science 360, n. 6396 (28 giugno 2018): 1400–1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau1690.

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12

Rosqvist, Gunhild. "Riukojietna’s Sensitivity To Climatic Changes". Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500009332.

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Riukojietna (lat. 68°N., long. 18°E.), which is classified as an ice cap, is located 35 km north-west of Kebnekaise, northern Sweden. The glacier is situated between 1140 and 1456 m a.s.l. and covers an area of 4.6 km2. The surrounding mountains reach the 1600 m level. Two maps, based on air photographs taken 1960 and 1978, have been produced. A study of sediments from two lakes receiving meltwater from Riukojietna has yielded information on Riukojietna’s ability to produce rock flour during the Holocene. Several factors affect the production and removal of rock flour of which the most important are ice thickness, basal ice temperature and water discharge. It is assumed that maximum in silt production for a warm-based glacier will closely follow or coincide with maximum in ice volume. Thus the variation of the relative amount of silt in proglacial lacustrine sediments provides a continuous record of fluctuations in glacier activity. Riukojietna either was small and inactive or may have disappeared totally during a long period between 9500 and 2500 years B.P. Between 2500 and 2000 years B P. the climatic conditions were such that a reactivation of Riukojietna could occur. The Scandinavian glaciers reached a distinct maximum at the beginning of the 20th century According to topographical maps, Riukojietna was then more than 10 km2 larger in extent than at present. In order to understand the pattern of glacier variation during the Holocene, the relation between climatic fluctuations and behaviour of Riukojietna is under observation. The purpose is to define those factors that make Riukojietna more sensitive to climatic changes than neighbouring glaciers.The mass balance of Riukojietna has been investigated during the balance years 1985–86, 1986–87 and 1987–88. In spring 1986 the subglacial topography was monitored with a low frequency radio-echo sounder. Based on these results, holes were drilled in August 1988 for temperature recordings. Winter balances have been rather equal over the years. Differences in net balance values are primarily caused by fluctuating summer balances. A high degree of correlation between summer balance and summer temperature can be expected and has been calculated for Storglaciären. Since the net and summer balances of Riukojietna fluctuate in phase with those from Storglaciären, a similar dependence of the mass balance on summer temperature may exist. Because of the gently-sloping surface and even distribution of the accumulation, a rather uniform and negative summer balance occurs over the whole glacier surface.During years with some net accumulation on the glacier, the accumulation area is located on the easterly, lee side of the ice cap, in the height interval 1360–1400 m a.s.l. The lowering of the surface profile between 1960 and 1978 was negligible between 1360 and 1400 m as compared to the lowering of the rest of the glacier surface. The maximum ice thickness, 105 m, also occurs in this interval, whereas the mean ice thickness of Riukojietna is only 36 m.Mass-balance studies have continuously been carried out on Storglaciären since 1945. Between 1959 and 1980 the mean value of the net balance for Storglaciären was −0.33 m w.eq. By using maps from 1960 and 1978 a corresponding value for Riukojietna can be calculated. The result, −0.6 m w.eq., shows that Riukojietna is far from being in balance with the existing climate, while Storglaciären is close to a steady state. According to the “summit method” the glaciation limit is located at 1550 m a.s.l. in the vicinity of Riukojietna. Since the ice-covered bedrock only reaches 1400 m a.s.l., Riukojietna will not reform after a disappearance unless a climatic deterioration generates an approximately 150 m lower glaciation limit. Since the glacier does not experience any net accumulation at present, it will finally disappear if present trends continue; its present condition is probably similar to that experienced during the early Holocene. A distinct climatic deterioration, like the one that occurred between 2500 and 2000 years B.P., would allow a reactivation and expansion of the ice cap.Riukojietna, which covers a mountain plateau, comprises a relatively small vertical extent. Since it is relatively low-lying as compared to cirque glaciers, which often have a larger vertical extent, it is much more sensitive to changes in the climate. Once the ELA rises over 1400 m a.s.l. or is depressed below 1300 m a.s.l. a major part of the ice cap becomes either ablation or accumulation area. After a presumed disappearance, Riukojietna has to reform at a much lower altitude as compared to a cirque glacier. While a minor lowering of the glaciation limit is enough to reactivate cirque glaciers, a more distinct lowering is necessary before a reformation and a reactivation of Riukojietna can occur. If the climatic deterioration is severe enough, Riukojietna will quickly expand over the plateau. The areal extent of the ice cap then becomes much larger as compared to cirque glaciers that are forced to expand to lower altitudes where melting increases.

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13

Rosqvist, Gunhild. "Riukojietna’s Sensitivity To Climatic Changes". Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009332.

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Abstract (sommario):

Riukojietna (lat. 68°N., long. 18°E.), which is classified as an ice cap, is located 35 km north-west of Kebnekaise, northern Sweden. The glacier is situated between 1140 and 1456 m a.s.l. and covers an area of 4.6 km2. The surrounding mountains reach the 1600 m level. Two maps, based on air photographs taken 1960 and 1978, have been produced. A study of sediments from two lakes receiving meltwater from Riukojietna has yielded information on Riukojietna’s ability to produce rock flour during the Holocene. Several factors affect the production and removal of rock flour of which the most important are ice thickness, basal ice temperature and water discharge. It is assumed that maximum in silt production for a warm-based glacier will closely follow or coincide with maximum in ice volume. Thus the variation of the relative amount of silt in proglacial lacustrine sediments provides a continuous record of fluctuations in glacier activity. Riukojietna either was small and inactive or may have disappeared totally during a long period between 9500 and 2500 years B.P. Between 2500 and 2000 years B P. the climatic conditions were such that a reactivation of Riukojietna could occur. The Scandinavian glaciers reached a distinct maximum at the beginning of the 20th century According to topographical maps, Riukojietna was then more than 10 km2 larger in extent than at present. In order to understand the pattern of glacier variation during the Holocene, the relation between climatic fluctuations and behaviour of Riukojietna is under observation. The purpose is to define those factors that make Riukojietna more sensitive to climatic changes than neighbouring glaciers. The mass balance of Riukojietna has been investigated during the balance years 1985–86, 1986–87 and 1987–88. In spring 1986 the subglacial topography was monitored with a low frequency radio-echo sounder. Based on these results, holes were drilled in August 1988 for temperature recordings. Winter balances have been rather equal over the years. Differences in net balance values are primarily caused by fluctuating summer balances. A high degree of correlation between summer balance and summer temperature can be expected and has been calculated for Storglaciären. Since the net and summer balances of Riukojietna fluctuate in phase with those from Storglaciären, a similar dependence of the mass balance on summer temperature may exist. Because of the gently-sloping surface and even distribution of the accumulation, a rather uniform and negative summer balance occurs over the whole glacier surface. During years with some net accumulation on the glacier, the accumulation area is located on the easterly, lee side of the ice cap, in the height interval 1360–1400 m a.s.l. The lowering of the surface profile between 1960 and 1978 was negligible between 1360 and 1400 m as compared to the lowering of the rest of the glacier surface. The maximum ice thickness, 105 m, also occurs in this interval, whereas the mean ice thickness of Riukojietna is only 36 m. Mass-balance studies have continuously been carried out on Storglaciären since 1945. Between 1959 and 1980 the mean value of the net balance for Storglaciären was −0.33 m w.eq. By using maps from 1960 and 1978 a corresponding value for Riukojietna can be calculated. The result, −0.6 m w.eq., shows that Riukojietna is far from being in balance with the existing climate, while Storglaciären is close to a steady state. According to the “summit method” the glaciation limit is located at 1550 m a.s.l. in the vicinity of Riukojietna. Since the ice-covered bedrock only reaches 1400 m a.s.l., Riukojietna will not reform after a disappearance unless a climatic deterioration generates an approximately 150 m lower glaciation limit. Since the glacier does not experience any net accumulation at present, it will finally disappear if present trends continue; its present condition is probably similar to that experienced during the early Holocene. A distinct climatic deterioration, like the one that occurred between 2500 and 2000 years B.P., would allow a reactivation and expansion of the ice cap. Riukojietna, which covers a mountain plateau, comprises a relatively small vertical extent. Since it is relatively low-lying as compared to cirque glaciers, which often have a larger vertical extent, it is much more sensitive to changes in the climate. Once the ELA rises over 1400 m a.s.l. or is depressed below 1300 m a.s.l. a major part of the ice cap becomes either ablation or accumulation area. After a presumed disappearance, Riukojietna has to reform at a much lower altitude as compared to a cirque glacier. While a minor lowering of the glaciation limit is enough to reactivate cirque glaciers, a more distinct lowering is necessary before a reformation and a reactivation of Riukojietna can occur. If the climatic deterioration is severe enough, Riukojietna will quickly expand over the plateau. The areal extent of the ice cap then becomes much larger as compared to cirque glaciers that are forced to expand to lower altitudes where melting increases.

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14

O�ate Rubalcaba, Juan J., e Antonio Pou Royo. "Climatic changes in western Spain". International Journal of Biometeorology 39, n. 1 (marzo 1995): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01320889.

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15

Prosperi, S. "Climatic Changes and Emerging Diseases". Veterinary Research Communications 30, S1 (agosto 2006): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11259-006-0017-9.

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16

Radwan, Eman, khaled Rradwan, Mohie Eldin Saber, Mennatallah Saber e Ensaf Elgayar. "Impacts of the Climatic Changes". Journal of Desert and Environmental Agriculture 3, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jdea.2023.190362.1015.

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17

KAUR, PRABHJYOT, NAVNEET KAUR e HARPREET SINGH. "PRECIS-model simulated changes in climatic parameters under various scenarios in different agro-climatic zones of Punjab". MAUSAM 68, n. 1 (30 novembre 2021): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v68i1.443.

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In this study,the future simulated climatic data (temperature and rainfall) for the 21st century were downscaled using the regional climate model, viz., PRECIS model (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) for different agro-climatic zones, i.e., Zone II (Ballowal Saunkhri), Zone III (Ludhiana, Amritsar, Patiala and Jalandhar) and Zone V (Bathinda) of Punjab. The corrected simulated data were then analyzed on the annual and seasonal basis to quantify the changes in maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall. The study showed that the maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall by the end of 21st century are likely to increase by 2.0 to 2.2 °C, 3.3 to 5.4 °C and 33 to 66% respectively in agro-climatic zone II; by 0.4 to 5.8 °C, 2.5 to 7.4 °C and 3 to 62% respectively in agro-climatic zone III and by 0.5 to 4.0 °C, 4.7 to 7.7 °C and 58 to 69% respectively in agro-climatic zone V at different locations of Punjab state under various scenarios of climate change. The trend analysis of these parameters revealed there is positive linear increasing trend under different scenarios in the Punjab state.

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18

Crisan, Vlad, Lucian Dinca, Sorin Deca, Gruita Ienasoiu e Virgil Scarlatescu. "SESSILE OAK FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM TRANSYLVANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES". Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, n. 19 (31 luglio 2021): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.006.

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Climatic modelling software was used in order to measure future changes in climatic conditions. The software HYPE can realize prognosis for certain climatic factors responsible for causing extreme climatic phenomena in forest ecosystems. It was applied to study sessile oak forest ecosystems from Transylvania. Sample surfaces were installed, inventoried and followed by simulations of two future climatic scenarios. Two such scenarios were chosen, namely the climatic scenario in which the gas effect concentration will increase moderately (rcp-4.5) and the climatic scenario in which the gas effect concentration will be accentuated (rcp-8.5). The data was then processed and which led to an analysis of the way in which future climatic changes will affect forest ecosystems located in the studied area. After analyzing all three sessile oak stands, we can conclude that the Mediaș stand is the most vulnerable one to both climatic parameters. Future climatic scenarios are necessary for other surfaces located in our country for the same species, as well as for others in order to have a bigger picture of future implications. The best management measures and decisions regarding the installment of future stands can consequently be taken based on these results.

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Palmer, Georgina, Philip J. Platts, Tom Brereton, Jason W. Chapman, Calvin Dytham, Richard Fox, James W. Pearce-Higgins, David B. Roy, Jane K. Hill e Chris D. Thomas. "Climate change, climatic variation and extreme biological responses". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, n. 1723 (8 maggio 2017): 20160144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0144.

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Extreme climatic events could be major drivers of biodiversity change, but it is unclear whether extreme biological changes are (i) individualistic (species- or group-specific), (ii) commonly associated with unusual climatic events and/or (iii) important determinants of long-term population trends. Using population time series for 238 widespread species (207 Lepidoptera and 31 birds) in England since 1968, we found that population ‘crashes’ (outliers in terms of species' year-to-year population changes) were 46% more frequent than population ‘explosions’. (i) Every year, at least three species experienced extreme changes in population size, and in 41 of the 44 years considered, some species experienced population crashes while others simultaneously experienced population explosions. This suggests that, even within the same broad taxonomic groups, species are exhibiting individualistic dynamics, most probably driven by their responses to different, short-term events associated with climatic variability. (ii) Six out of 44 years showed a significant excess of species experiencing extreme population changes (5 years for Lepidoptera, 1 for birds). These ‘consensus years’ were associated with climatically extreme years, consistent with a link between extreme population responses and climatic variability, although not all climatically extreme years generated excess numbers of extreme population responses. (iii) Links between extreme population changes and long-term population trends were absent in Lepidoptera and modest (but significant) in birds. We conclude that extreme biological responses are individualistic, in the sense that the extreme population changes of most species are taking place in different years, and that long-term trends of widespread species have not, to date, been dominated by these extreme changes. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events’.

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20

Bell, Jason L., Lisa C. Sloan e Mark A. Snyder. "Regional Changes in Extreme Climatic Events: A Future Climate Scenario". Journal of Climate 17, n. 1 (gennaio 2004): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0081:rciece>2.0.co;2.

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21

Crisan, Vlad, Lucian Dinca, Iuliana Gabriela Breaban e Sorin Deca. "Analysing pine forest ecosystems from Transylvania in the context of future Climatic Changes". Present Environment and Sustainable Development 15, n. 2 (3 ottobre 2021): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2021152016.

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A climatic modelling program was used in order to see the extent of changes in future climatic conditions. This can realize prognosis for certain climatic factors that cause extreme climatic phenomena concerning forest ecosystems. The program was applied for forest ecosystems comprised of Scots pine, installed and inventoried on sample surfaces from Transylvania. Simulations were then created within two future climatic scenarios. Two scenarios were chosen: the climatic scenario in which the increase of greenhouse gases would be moderate (rcp-4.5) and the climatic scenario in which the increase would be accentuated (rcp-8.5). The data was then processed, resulting in an analysis focused on the results of future climatic changes on forest ecosystems located in the studied area. By analyzing all three pine stands, we can conclude that the Lechinta stand is the most vulnerable one if the two climatic parameters change. It is necessary to verify and use future climatic scenarios for other areas that have the same species, as well as for other species, in order to see how they will be affected. These results can be used for applying the best management measures for current stands as well as for establishing decisions for installing future stands at a national level.

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Zhang, Hucai, Bernd Wünnemann, Yuzhen Ma, Jinlan Peng, Hans-J. Pachur, Jijun Li, Yuan Qi, Guangjie Chen, Hongbing Fang e Zhaodong Feng. "Lake Level and Climate Changes between 42,000 and 18,000 14C yr B.P. in the Tengger Desert, Northwestern China". Quaternary Research 58, n. 1 (luglio 2002): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2357.

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AbstractMultiple lines of stratigraphic, geochemical, and fossil data suggest that fresh-mesohaline paleolakes were widespread in the Tengger Desert of northwestern China and underwent major fluctuations during the late Pleistocene. The paleolakes started to develop at ca. 42,000 14C yr B.P. The lake levels were the highest between 35,000 and 22,000 14C yr B.P., during which Megalake Tengger dominated the landscape. The climatic conditions at this time were unique for this area and have no modern analogue. After an episode of decline between 22,000 and 20,000 14C yr B.P. and an episode of rebound between 20,000 and 18,600 14C yr B.P., the paleolakes started to desiccate and completely disappeared around 18,000 14C yr B.P. The environmental proxy data indicate that the Megalake Tengger formed under warm–humid climates. The reconstructed climatic variations appear to be correlative with the abrupt climatic events reconstructed for the North Atlantic.

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Mastrandrea, Michael D., e Stephen H. Schneider. "Integrated assessment of abrupt climatic changes". Climate Policy 1, n. 4 (gennaio 2001): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2001.0146.

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Chendev, Yury, Aleksandr Petin e Anthony Lupo. "SOILS AS INDICATORS OF CLIMATIC CHANGES". GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 5, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2012): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2012-5-1-4-17.

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25

PRAMANIK, S. K., e P. JAGANNATHAN. "Climatic changes in India – (III) pressure". MAUSAM 6, n. 2 (3 dicembre 2021): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v6i2.4432.

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Baker, Victor. "Hydrologic impact of Holocene climatic changes". Boreas 33, n. 3 (1 settembre 2004): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03009480310001929.

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Mastrandrea, M. "Integrated assessment of abrupt climatic changes". Climate Policy 1, n. 4 (dicembre 2001): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1469-3062(01)00038-9.

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28

Ammann, Brigitta. "Biotic responses to rapid climatic changes". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 159, n. 3-4 (giugno 2000): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00084-5.

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29

Nagy, Esther. "Climatic changes in the Hungarian Miocene". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 65, n. 1-4 (ottobre 1990): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(90)90057-p.

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30

BAKER, VICTOR R. "Hydrologic impact of Holocene climatic changes". Boreas 33, n. 3 (28 giugno 2008): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2004.tb01147.x.

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31

Leftus, Vojtěch, J. Tomlain e V. Vítek. "Solar activity variations and climatic changes". Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 30, n. 1 (marzo 1986): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01630858.

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32

Bryson, Reid A. "Civilization and Rapid Climatic Change". Environmental Conservation 15, n. 1 (1988): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002840x.

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Abstract (sommario):

Research over the past century has shown that the rates and magnitudes of climatic change constitute a continuum. Changes have now been identified in the climatic record that range in duration from interannual through decades and centuries to the multi-millennial time-scale. Examples range from the drought years of the 1930 and 1970 decades to the ponderous comings and goings of the ice-ages. More recently it has become clear that some changes can be quite rapid. In recent decades great progress has been made in identifying the causes of climatic variation.The present understanding of the causes of climatic change emphasizes continental drift (or ‘plate tectonics’) at the million-years' scale, with pulses of plate movement producing significant bursts of volcanic activity that may act on the millennial or century scale. At the multi-millennial scale there is growing agreement that the variations in irradiance of the Earth, resulting from slow changes in the Sun-Earth geometry (the so-called Milankovitch variations), exercise the operative control on the timing of ice-ages and interglacials. At the decadal and interannual scales there is less agreement; but there is at least a body of research which suggests that significant volcanic activity is a contributing factor. There is considerable agreement—but little direct evidence—that anthropogenic causes such as increased carbon dioxide and other Man-made or-enhanced trace gases in the atmosphere, will be important in the coming decades.Cultural responses might be expected to differ across this continuum. To assess the expected response to a climatic variation, one must know at least the shape of the response surface.There is probably a critical threshold combination of climatic change magnitude and duration. Human cultures seem to be adapted to frequently-occurring short ‘aberrations’ from the expected climate. Some evidence indicates, on the other hand, that relatively small changes of climates (of the order of a century in duration) have been associated over the past 8,000 years with cultural changes that proved large enough to lead to different names being assigned in perhaps half of the cultural termini identified. A climate model which includes the effect of volcanic aerosols, suggests that most of the climatic changes associated with these globally synchronous cultural termini are related to peaks of volcanic activity. Some apparently catastrophic events have been recognized in this connection.There remains the problem of assessing, in realistic terms, the impact of large-magnitude climatic variations on modern human societies. Of particular concern is the effect of climatic events associated with very large-scale short-term insertions of aerosols into the atmosphere. It is likely that non-equilibrium models of the atmosphere, with specified sea-surface temperatures, would give realistic results if refined to the degree that they could replicate events of lesser magnitude which have occurred in the past century. At present there appear to be no models in which the formulation of the radiative effect of aerosols or gases gives a good match with observed radiative effects. It seems that much more research, including field experiments, will be needed if science is to supply reliable advice to society on the nature of coming climatic changes.

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33

Wang, Hui, e Jian Hua Cheng. "Influences of Abnormal Climates on Engineering Characteristics of Expansive Soil". Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (maggio 2012): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.800.

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Abstract (sommario):

Expansive soil is a kind of high plastic clay which is more sensitive to changes of climatic and hydrogeologic conditions, and it has the character of swelling when watering and shrinking when drying out. Such repeated fluctuations from dry to wet induce irreversible deformation ,which will make the shear strength and internal friction of soil drop sharply and cause slope fracture. In recent years, abnormal climatic changes worldwide make foundation stability of expansive soil face severe test . Atmospheric influence depth can supply design basis for slope fracture of expansive soil. But in the situation of abnormal climates , the depth will exceed original design criterion and hazard engineering accidents will happen. Therefore, It has great importance in engineering application of studying influences of abnormal climates to engineering characteristics of expansive soil.

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34

Chiesa, Giacomo. "Climatic potential maps of ventilative cooling techniques in Italian climates including resilience to climate changes". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (23 ottobre 2019): 032039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/3/032039.

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35

Pelto, M. S., S. M. Higgins, T. J. Hughes e J. L. Fastook. "Modeling Mass-Balance Changes During a Glaciation Cycle". Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008661.

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Abstract (sommario):

Identification of present-day climate setting and alpine glacier-balance gradients indicates that the balance gradient of alpine glaciers is primarily determined by climatic conditions. Determination of balance gradients for specific climatic settings on present-day ice sheets provides an analog for determining the mass balance on paleo and future ice sheets.

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36

Pelto, M. S., S. M. Higgins, T. J. Hughes e J. L. Fastook. "Modeling Mass-Balance Changes During a Glaciation Cycle". Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008661.

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Abstract (sommario):

Identification of present-day climate setting and alpine glacier-balance gradients indicates that the balance gradient of alpine glaciers is primarily determined by climatic conditions. Determination of balance gradients for specific climatic settings on present-day ice sheets provides an analog for determining the mass balance on paleo and future ice sheets.

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37

Skrobala, V. M., V. V. Popovych, P. V. Bosak e T. I. Shuplat. "Prediction of changes in the vegetation cover of Ukraine due to climate warming". Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, n. 4 (30 agosto 2022): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-4/096.

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Abstract (sommario):

Purpose. To study ecological regularities of the formation of vegetation cover in Ukraine depending on the climatic conditions and analyze its possible changes due to global warming. Methodology. The research methodology involves the following: differentiation of the climatic conditions and evaluation of the significance of climatic indices at the level of territorial units of a geobotanical zoning based on variance analysis; multiple ordering of the geographic locations in terms of climatic indices basing on the analysis of main components (Principle Component Analysis); development of a typological scheme of the vegetation cover relying upon a discriminant analysis; statistic processing of the climatic parameters. Findings. Modelling of spatial differentiation of climatic indices depending on the location latitude and longitude as well as altitude above the sea level helped analyze the connection of vegetation cover and climate. It has been determined that peculiarities of the vegetation cover formation according to a scheme of geobotanical zoning is characterized in the most accurate way by the difference of such climatic indices as: air temperature in January, July, and August; monthly precipitation amounts during June-September; duration of a frost-free period; and hydrothermal coefficient of T.G. Selianinov. The main regularity of the formation of Ukrainian vegetation cover has been defined. The regularity means the following structure of interrelation between the climatic indices: along with the growing average monthly temperatures of June-September and decreasing precipitation amounts from April to September, the indices of climatic water availability decrease along with the increasing heat availability indices (duration of an active vegetation period and total of temperatures per that period, average annual temperature). This regularity represents a gradient of climatic indices from the Ukrainian Carpathians towards the southern Crimean coast. It has been determined that during some years of the early 21st century, the conditions peculiar for a steppe area were formed for the forest and forest steppe areas. Originality. The vegetation cover of Ukraine is characterized by the ecological range, which is evaluated basing on ordering of the geographical locations in terms of coverage of complex climatic environmental gradients. A typological scheme of the Ukrainian vegetation cover can be represented in a two-dimensional space in the form of square parabola, whose left branch shows a gradient of climatic factors and changes in vegetation cover from the west to the north-east and right branch indicates it from the north-east to the south. Graphic visualization of climatic information on the basis of ecograms and typological schemes of vegetation cover can be used to predict the vegetation cover dynamics due to certain climatic changes. Practical value. While understanding the climatic conditions of geographic locations during certain periods of time, one can identify their location in the ecological and coenotic range of Ukrainian vegetation and predict their stability and possible changes in the vegetation cover due to global warming.

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38

Ruget, F., J. C. Moreau, M. Ferrand, S. Poisson, P. Gate, B. Lacroix, J. Lorgeou, E. Cloppet e F. Souverain. "Describing the possible climate changes in France and some examples of their effects on main crops used in livestock systems". Advances in Science and Research 4, n. 1 (2 agosto 2010): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-4-99-2010.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The effects of climate change on forage and crop production are an important question for the farmers and more largely for the food security in the world. Estimating the effect of climate change on agricultural production needs the use of two types of tools: a model to estimate changes in national or local climates and an other model using climatic data to estimate the effects on vegetation. In this paper, we will mainly present the effects of climate change on climatic features, the variability of criteria influencing crop production in various regions of France and some possible effects on crops.

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39

Kalaugher, P. G., e P. Grainger. "The influence of changes in sea level on coastal cliff instability in Devon". Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, n. 1 (1991): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.31.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractMajor variations in sea level have resulted from climatic changes during the Quaternary. In addition, beyond the maximum limit of glaciation, periglacial climates in southern Britain have produced Quaternary deposits which can affect the nature of coastal slopes and their response to marine erosion. Examples are given of cliffs in head (solifluction) deposits which overlie raised shore platforms in Devon. The present styles and distribution of coastal landslide hazards, recorded in recent surveys, are directly related to past Quaternary sea levels and climatic fluctuations. Future trends in relative sea level are a significant factor in the determination of the hazards in the longer term, as there could be changes in the level at which marine erosion is effective. Rankings of the hazards, which should in any case be updated routinely by repeated monitoring of the landslide activity, ought to reflect expected changes in sea level.

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40

Selek, Bulent, I. Kaan Tuncok e Zeliha Selek. "Changes in climate zones across Turkey". Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, n. 1 (27 ottobre 2017): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2017.121.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Turkey lies in a critical region that is projected to be one of the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change in the Mediterranean region. In this study, climatic zones of Turkey were classified with respect to their climatic and meteorological characteristics. The Thornthwaite precipitation efficiency index was used to identify aridity and humidity characteristics. The index values were mapped to determine climate zones and associated climate classes and to evaluate change in time and space. Two distinct periods (1950–1980 and 1981–2010) were used to assess climatic conditions and evaluate historical changes. The Thornthwaite index indicated significant spatial variations of climate parameters across Turkey with varying degrees of vulnerability. The results indicate that during the 60-year time frame, no arid zones had been experienced in Turkey. On the other hand, an increase of semi-dry and dry humid zones and a decrease of semi-dry–less humid, semi-humid and humid zones had been experienced. In this context, it is important to note that semi-arid zones have increased substantially (approximately 14%) between the two 30-year periods.

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41

McGee, David. "Glacial–Interglacial Precipitation Changes". Annual Review of Marine Science 12, n. 1 (3 gennaio 2020): 525–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010859.

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Abstract (sommario):

Glacial–interglacial cycles have constituted a primary mode of climate variability over the last 2.6 million years of Earth's history. While glacial periods cannot be seen simply as a reverse analogue of future warming, they offer an opportunity to test our understanding of the response of precipitation patterns to a much wider range of conditions than we have been able to directly observe. This review explores key features of precipitation patterns associated with glacial climates, which include drying in large regions of the tropics and wetter conditions in substantial parts of the subtropics and midlatitudes. I describe the evidence for these changes and examine the potential causes of hydrological changes during glacial periods. Central themes that emerge include the importance of atmospheric circulation changes in determining glacial–interglacial precipitation changes at the regional scale, the need to take into account climatic factors beyond local precipitation amount when interpreting proxy data, and the role of glacial conditions in suppressing the strength of Northern Hemisphere monsoon systems.

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42

Cabrera Trimiño, Gilberto Javier. "University Cooperation in Structural Violence, Public Administration, Climatic Changes, and Environmental Education". Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) 5, n. 1 (30 giugno 2021): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31720/jga.5.1.9.

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43

Orengo, Dorcas-J., e Antonio Prevosti. "TEMPORAL CHANGES IN CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM OFDROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURARELATED TO CLIMATIC CHANGES". Evolution 50, n. 3 (giugno 1996): 1346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02376.x.

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44

Iona, Athanasia, Athanasios Theodorou, Sarantis Sofianos, Sylvain Watelet, Charles Troupin e Jean-Marie Beckers. "Mediterranean Sea climatic indices: monitoring long-term variability and climate changes". Earth System Science Data 10, n. 4 (11 ottobre 2018): 1829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1829-2018.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. We present a new product composed of a set of thermohaline climatic indices from 1950 to 2015 for the Mediterranean Sea such as decadal temperature and salinity anomalies, their mean values over selected depths, decadal ocean heat and salt content anomalies at selected depth layers as well as their long time series. It is produced from a new high-resolution climatology of temperature and salinity on a 1∕8∘ regular grid based on historical high-quality in situ observations. Ocean heat and salt content differences between 1980–2015 and 1950–1979 are compared for evaluation of the climate shift in the Mediterranean Sea. The two successive periods are chosen according to the standard WMO climate normals. The spatial patterns of heat and salt content shifts demonstrate that the climate changes differently in the several regions of the basin. Long time series of heat and salt content for the period 1950 to 2015 are also provided which indicate that in the Mediterranean Sea there is a net mean volume warming and salinification since 1950 that has accelerated during the last two decades. The time series also show that the ocean heat content seems to fluctuate on a cycle of about 40 years and seems to follow the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation climate cycle, indicating that the natural large-scale atmospheric variability could be superimposed onto the warming trend. This product is an observation-based estimation of the Mediterranean climatic indices. It relies solely on spatially interpolated data produced from in situ observations averaged over decades in order to smooth the decadal variability and reveal the long-term trends. It can provide a valuable contribution to the modellers' community, next to the satellite-based products, and serve as a baseline for the evaluation of climate-change model simulations, thus contributing to a better understanding of the complex response of the Mediterranean Sea to the ongoing global climate change. The product is available in netCDF at the following sources: annual and seasonal T∕S anomalies (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408832), annual and seasonal T∕S vertical averaged anomalies (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408929), annual and seasonal areal density of OHC/OSC anomalies (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408877), annual and seasonal linear trends of T∕S, OHC/OSC anomalies (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408917), annual and seasonal time series of T∕S, OHC/OSC anomalies (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1411398), and differences of two 30-year averages of annual and seasonal T∕S, OHC/OSC anomalies (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408903).

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45

Ng, Edward, e Chao Ren. "China's adaptation to climate & urban climatic changes: A critical review". Urban Climate 23 (marzo 2018): 352–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.07.006.

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46

Feng, Zhaodong, Aizhi Sun, Nurbayev Abdusalih, Min Ran, Alishir Kurban, Bo Lan, Dongliang Zhang e Yunpeng Yang. "Vegetation changes and associated climatic changes in the southern Altai Mountains within China during the Holocene". Holocene 27, n. 5 (5 ottobre 2016): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616670469.

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Abstract (sommario):

The location of the Altai Mountains at the limits of both the Pacific and Atlantic influences implies that this mountain range is an important climatic boundary. Based on pollen data of 188 samples of a 390-cm core from Narenxia Peat in the southern Altai with a chronologic support of 11 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates, we reconstructed the Holocene climatic change at Narenxia Peat. The reconstruction revealed five stages of climatic change: a cold and dry latest deglacial (prior to ~11,500 cal. yr BP), a warm and wet early-Holocene (~11,500 to ~7000 cal. yr BP), a considerably cooled and dried middle Holocene (~7000 to ~4000 cal. yr BP), a resumed warm and wet late-Holocene (~4000 to ~1200 cal. yr BP), and a relatively cool and dry latest Holocene (past ~1200 years). The reconstructions of mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) from Narenxia Peat well resemble the reconstructions of North Atlantic Oscillations (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillations (ENSO). The resemblance implies that the Holocene millennial-scale changes in MAT and MAP in the Altai might have been causally associated with the variations in NAO and ENSO.

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47

Dermody, B. J., H. J. de Boer, M. F. P. Bierkens, S. L. Weber, M. J. Wassen e S. C. Dekker. "A seesaw in Mediterranean precipitation during the Roman Period linked to millennial-scale changes in the North Atlantic". Climate of the Past 8, n. 2 (29 marzo 2012): 637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-637-2012.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. We present a reconstruction of the change in climatic humidity around the Mediterranean between 3000–1000 yr BP. Using a range of proxy archives and model simulations we demonstrate that climate during this period was typified by a millennial-scale seesaw in climatic humidity between Spain and Israel on one side and the Central Mediterranean and Turkey on the other, similar to precipitation anomalies associated with the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern in current climate. We find that changes in the position and intensity of the jet stream indicated by our analysis correlate with millennial changes in North Atlantic sea surface temperature. A model simulation indicates the proxies of climatic humidity used in our analysis were unlikely to be influenced by climatic aridification caused by deforestation during the Roman Period. That finding is supported by an analysis of the distribution of archaeological sites in the Eastern Mediterranean which exhibits no evidence that human habitation distribution changed since ancient times as a result of climatic aridification. Therefore we conclude that changes in climatic humidity over the Mediterranean during the Roman Period were primarily caused by a modification of the jet stream linked to sea surface temperature change in the North Atlantic. Based on our findings, we propose that ocean-atmosphere coupling may have contributed to regulating Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation intensity during the period of analysis.

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48

D'Adamo, Francesco, Booker Ogutu, Martin Brandt, Guy Schurgers e Jadunandan Dash. "Climatic and non-climatic vegetation cover changes in the rangelands of Africa". Global and Planetary Change 202 (luglio 2021): 103516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103516.

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49

Zhang, Jingwei, Xinggong Kong, Kan Zhao, Yongjin Wang, Shushuang Liu, Zhenjun Wang, Jianwei Liu, Hai Cheng e R. Lawrence Edwards. "Centennial-scale climatic changes in Central China during the Holocene climatic optimum". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 558 (novembre 2020): 109950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109950.

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50

Gusev, Yeugeniy M., Olga N. Nasonova, Evgeny E. Kovalev e Georgy V. Ayzel. "Impact of possible climate changes on river runoff under different natural conditions". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 379 (5 giugno 2018): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-293-2018.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The present study was carried out within the framework of the International Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) for 11 large river basins located in different continents of the globe under a wide variety of natural conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate possible changes in various characteristics of annual river runoff (mean values, standard deviations, frequency of extreme annual runoff) up to 2100 on the basis of application of the land surface model SWAP and meteorological projections simulated by five General Circulation Models (GCMs) according to four RCP scenarios. Analysis of the obtained results has shown that changes in climatic runoff are different (both in magnitude and sign) for the river basins located in different regions of the planet due to differences in natural (primarily climatic) conditions. The climatic elasticities of river runoff to changes in air temperature and precipitation were estimated that makes it possible, as the first approximation, to project changes in climatic values of annual runoff, using the projected changes in mean annual air temperature and annual precipitation for the river basins. It was found that for most rivers under study, the frequency of occurrence of extreme runoff values increases. This is true both for extremely high runoff (when the projected climatic runoff increases) and for extremely low values (when the projected climatic runoff decreases).

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