Tesi sul tema "Classes sociales – Logement"
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Raad, Lina. "Transformations sociales en banlieue rouge : politiques locales, stratégies résidentielles et inscription territoriale des classes moyennes". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070069.
The red suburbs are a belt of municipalities surrounding Paris that have been conquered by the Communist party from the 20's. For a long time, they have been characterized by social redistribution policies in favour of the working class, especially in the housing field. Since the 70's, the red suburbs have known intense economic and social transformation that destabilized the municipal communism. This thesis deals with the interactions between local housing policies in the red suburbs and residential strategies and territorial integration of middle classes, in a socio-spatial context where they are in minority. Since the 80's, social mix is a main objective of local housing policies in the red suburbs; those municipalities chose to diversify the housing stock, within die social housing stock, but also in developing private houses. The will to attract and stabilize middle classes contends with the necessity of offering dwellings to working classes and destitute populations. This thesis shows that communist municipalities still distinguish themselves by a strong regulation and by innovative practices in the housing policies field. The field survey with middle classes in two municipalities (Bagnolet, Saint-Denis) allows to moderate the role of economic constraints in their residential strategies : settling in the red suburbs give them opportunities to satisfy their aspirations about the dwelling but also about the residential neigbourhood Furthermore, some households show a preference for working class districts, and have a positive attitude towards social mix. In some cases this goes with personal commitment in direction of destitut populations. Some others are more reserved towards social mix, and use territorial conquest strategies, or choose to leave the red suburbs in direction of more wealthy districts. We analyze the functioning of local anchorage and of die attitude towards social mix of middle classes, in relation with their social and residential trajectories
Rosenfeld, Jean. "A noble house in the city, domestic architecture as elite signification in late 19th century Hamilton". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61986.pdf.
Mohrmann, Ruth-Elisabeth. "Alltagswelt im Land Braunschweig : städtische und ländliche Wohnkultur vom 16. bis zum frühen 20. Jahrhundert /". Münster [Westfalen] : F. Coppenrath, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36660954w.
Ray-Lambert, Anne. "« Tous propriétaires ! » : politiques urbaines et parcours d'accédants dans les lotissements périurbains (1970-2010)". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0034.
Today, periurban private housing developments face much criticism and negative representations. Combining ethnographic materials collected in northern Isère and in the Parisian suburbs with statistical data from the INSEE “Logement” survey, this thesis challenges some of those prevailing ideas: that of the periurban area as a space of segregation, or a place of “political and social separatism” reserved for poor so called “white” households. On the contrary, this thesis shows that far from being homogeneous, periurban private housing developments are at the heart of a current restructuration process of class, sex and race relations in the French society. This analysis of both the production of housing developments and its uses underlines the increasingly important role of local representatives in the implementation of national policies supporting house-ownership. By promoting a “controlled opening” of their territories, these representatives contribute to the settlement of residents who have neither the same social trajectories nor the same prospects of mobility: young couples from urban centers, workers from the vicinity, families from public housing units. The mixed nature of residents therefore conditions the diverse uses and ways of living in these residential areas. More specifically, with mounting financial and material burden on domestic economy, owning a house changes the opportunity cost of employment of the least skilled women and strengthens their specialization in domestic work, as compared to women with more academic capital. Besides, the recent arrival of immigrant families from Maghreb or sub-Saharan Africa in the private housing developments contributes to the racialization of neighborhood relationships, which only in part recreates lines of social fractures
Tapie-Grime, Muriel. "L'éternel étudiant : présentation de soi et pratiques résidentielles des nouvelles couches moyennes". Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100090.
Those that sociology calls the new middle social levels have - and mostly assert they have - specific relationship with town and housing conditions. Can this specificity be possibly assumed to exist? How is it usually expressed? Can its foundations be explained or at least clarified? In order to answer these three questions, a whole lot of "ethnographic" material (direct observation, photographs, and interviews) was collected in Besancon, Doubs, in 1986. This investigation which was conducted in a micro-social perspective favored observation of the displays of self-presentation through dwelling, a term that includes the representation of urban space, the criteria of habitability of a flat, sociability, as well as fitting out and decorating practices. Interactionism has been used as a conceptual structure for this survey. The categories of analysis have been borrowed from G. H. Mead, H. S. Becker, E. C. Hughes, A. V cicourel, H. Garfinkel, E. Goffman
Crepin, Laure. "Les conséquences résidentielles des séparations conjugales : articuler les inégalités de classe et de genre dans la France contemporaine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080024.
Since the early 2000s, real estate prices have been rising faster than incomes, especially in large French cities. Waiting times for social housing are getting longer and longer. In this context, the purpose of this thesis is to study the residential trajectories of people who have broken up a cohabiting union in metropolitan France using quantitative (Enquête Logement (Housing surveys) 2002, 2006 and 2013 (INSEE); Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (Eurostat) (2004 - 2015); "Mon Quartier, Mes Voisins" (INED - CNRS Centre Max Weber, 2018)), and qualitative methods (34 interviews). We first study what the context of separations produces in terms of social and residential trajectories. Breakups can contribute to "downgrading trajectories during the life cycle" for those who experience professional, family and residential destabilization at the same time. These are linked to massive "downward residential trajectories" due to the context of separations (emergency relocation, decline in economic resources). We then show that marital breakdowns contribute to the growth of housing inequalities, inequalities by class and gender. The resources of the entourage tend to increase rather than reduce these inequalities. At the crossroads between the sociology of gender and social classes, the sociology of housing and the sociology of the family, this thesis, which combines quantitative and qualitative materials in equal measure, contributes to questioning the place of housing in the dynamics of social stratification
Delfini, Antonio. "La ville conflictuelle : luttes pour le logement et transformations des quartiers populaires : le faubourg de Fives à Lille (1969-2016)". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12027.
The "urban struggles" seem now to be an old story belonging to the golden age of the 1970's struggles. However, those mobilizations did not fully disappear and are even experiencing a revival as a result of the last waves of urban renewal. Those struggles, embodied by both neighbors and "users" of the working-class areas, take part in the transformation of the urban spaces where they emerge.This thesis questions the relations of mutual structuring between the process of transformation of the working-class areas and the movements of social protest built against the urban renewal process and the housing policies. At the crossroads between urban sociology and the sociology of social movements, this work offers an analytical reinterpretation of the French school of Marxist urban sociology.In this perspective, this thesis relies on the study of four social mobilizations that have emerged between 1969 and 2016 in a working-class neighborhood located in the eastern part of the city of Lille, Lille-Fives. A first historical inquiry analyses three mobilizations taking flesh in a struggle against the urban renewal that occurred during the 1970's and the 1980's. The second one is contemporary and studies an association born at the beginning of 2010 that is involved in the struggle against urban renewal and very active through housing syndicalism. This last work is quite in line with the research approach of action-research as the author is a member and a current employee of the association
Clerval, Anne. "La gentrification à Paris intra-muros : dynamiques spatiales, rapports sociaux et politiques publiques". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347824.
Lion, Gaspard. "Habiter en camping. Trajectoires de membres des classes populaires dans le logement non ordinaire". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH056.
This thesis finds itself at the intersection of the sociology of the working classes and urban sociology, with a special interest in housing. It focuses on one of the forms of non-ordinary housing that has seen massive development in France in recent years: residential camping. Combining an ethnographic immersion in several campsites in the Paris region, interviews, archives and statistics, it shows the existence of a real internal stratification within this habitat, taking into account the heterogeneity of residential situations, trajectories, resources, experiences and lifestyles of the inhabitants. Residential camping has in fact emerged as fulfilling three major social functions which segment the population that practices it: it may represent an alternative to the inaccessible single-family home, or stand as a subjective and objective downgrading or even be a solution that makes up for the shortage of affordable housing, thus preventing the extreme destitution of living in the streets. Illustrating a dispositionalist-contextualist approach to ways of living, the thesis connects these three functions of camping - which also constitute three distinct lifestyles - with the particular characteristics of this unusual form of housing. It also links it to different resources, trajectories and forms of residential socialisation corresponding to relatively homogeneous popular dispositions. Finally, it identifies the causes, dynamics and consequences of eviction practices by documenting "from the inside" the case of a campground closure, an example of the risk involved in the legal status of this habitat
Lion, Gaspard. "Habiter en camping. Trajectoires de membres des classes populaires dans le logement non ordinaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH056.
This thesis finds itself at the intersection of the sociology of the working classes and urban sociology, with a special interest in housing. It focuses on one of the forms of non-ordinary housing that has seen massive development in France in recent years: residential camping. Combining an ethnographic immersion in several campsites in the Paris region, interviews, archives and statistics, it shows the existence of a real internal stratification within this habitat, taking into account the heterogeneity of residential situations, trajectories, resources, experiences and lifestyles of the inhabitants. Residential camping has in fact emerged as fulfilling three major social functions which segment the population that practices it: it may represent an alternative to the inaccessible single-family home, or stand as a subjective and objective downgrading or even be a solution that makes up for the shortage of affordable housing, thus preventing the extreme destitution of living in the streets. Illustrating a dispositionalist-contextualist approach to ways of living, the thesis connects these three functions of camping - which also constitute three distinct lifestyles - with the particular characteristics of this unusual form of housing. It also links it to different resources, trajectories and forms of residential socialisation corresponding to relatively homogeneous popular dispositions. Finally, it identifies the causes, dynamics and consequences of eviction practices by documenting "from the inside" the case of a campground closure, an example of the risk involved in the legal status of this habitat
Parise, Fanny. "Habiter et consommer le logement social : une approche stratégique de l'habiter des classes populaires et moyennes sous contraintes de pouvoir d'achat". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H001/document.
In 2014, what is the "sense of living"? The evolution of French legislation creates a social housing commodification process already begun. "Large contractors" and housing professionals join forces to develop a new offer of social housing to intermediate middle class. The rise of the global middle class and the economic crisis produces differentiated patterns of consumption and housing demand considering new societal trends. The renewed interest since the 2000s for alternative housing (including cohousing) positions innovation in housing in a co-construction approach (builder, architect, sociologist). These context effects are part of a comprehensive approach to the diversity of the inhabitants of the middle class practices. The heterogeneity of this social group, through plural lifestyles, illustrates the deployment strategies and residential choices that reflect a singular relative to each other, a report to the specific world; whose "big contractors" is trying to grasp the meaning and complexity
Commaille, Laurent. "Les cités ouvrières de Lorraine : 1850-1940 : étude de la politique patronale du logement". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Commaille.Laurent.LMZ9902_1.pdf.
This study -documents basically issued from the companies- shows that the moral and philantropic reasons were less essential than the need created by insufficient housing, a fluctuating labour force and industrial competition. The building methods varied. Some didn't build much. The rhythms were different and so was the equipment. If, at the end of the period, company towns seemed to be coherently, sensibly planned, it was often more because of the accumulation of houses, cooperatives, schools and so on, than the result of an original, well-drafted plan. Moreover, the towns represented more an investment than real social care for the companies, at least until the beginning of the 20th century. Hence the cheap housing policy created by the state, on the philantropic circles initiative, was barely followed by the employers. The rise of the costs in building and upkeep, the fall of the income derived from the rents, the pressure from the government and the policy advocated by R. Pinot, the secretary of the comite des forges, led, from 1905-1910 on, to a different vision of the company town which became a social issue. This shift resulted in new equipements which didn't pay much such as town halls, stadiums, and so on. In the plans of the new towns, the curve appeared and the houses presented more attractive decorations and volumes. Nevertheless, despite all their efforts, the manufacturers were never able to house the totality of workers. The highest proportion of housed workers was found in the mining towns around briey but only thanks to boarding houses which made the occupancy rate rise. The lack of privacy observed in the mines and the low rate of workers accomodated by the iron and steel and textile industry refute the idea of a domestication of the worker by the company town, at least as far as lorraine is concerned
Jourdan, Silvère. "Du processus de métropolisation à celui de la gentrification, l’exemple de deux villes nord-méditerranéennes : Barcelone et Marseille". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3081/document.
Economic and social changes of old industrial societies have contributed to the transformation of the downtown of many cities. The centripetal flow of capital and population has initiated and intensified in recent decades. The suburbs of cities, initially so attractive, seems to decline for a new type of population who prefers the downtown way of life. This is gentrification. Barcelona, and most recently Marseille, have not escaped this dynamic. Firstly, based on interdisciplinary works, this thesis proposes to record the definition of the process and to grasp the steps and procedures in the field. However, this study leads us to understand the gentrification as an aspect of metropolization, in its economic, urban, social, political and cultural dimensions. Since the 1990s, what have the changes been, that allow us to affirm that "a back to the city" is running? A quantitative approach based on an extensive statistical corpus and the confrontation of these statistical results of the qualitative data, we can answer this question, while revealing an idiosyncratic reality that questions the theory. Finally, the modes and rates of development of a process that is no longer confined to the old and central areas but spreads by capillary action in the inner-suburbs, demonstrates in both north -Mediterranean cities, that there is not one process of gentrification but differentiated processes
Escusa, Elodie. "A la recherche d'une identité sociale post-apartheid : l'Afrique du Sud du milieu, espace social stratégique de la Transformation". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0214/document.
The post-apartheid social and political context is marked by a reconfiguration of inequalities according to social rather than racial lines, and not by their decline. Consequently, the gap between the ambitions and the achievements of the Transformation project is the current frame of enunciation of public discourses on the “Black Middle Class”, seen as a symbol of the long-awaited metamorphosis that was promised by the ANC in the beginning of the 1990’s. The thesis puts these discourses into perspective to tackle the following broader question: What are the components and stakes of identifications in the “middle” of the social space in the context of post-apartheid Transformation? The object of study is theoretically constructed as an “actual middle” (distinct from the “middle class”) and empirically crafted as “those in the middle” (“amaphakathi” in isizulu) in “Black Johannesburg”. The analysis is based on secondary and primary sources (interviews and long-stay observations) gathered between October 2010 and October 2014. The first part explores the exogenous identifications (economic and political conditions, racial and social categorisations past and contemporary). The second part look at the ways “the ones in the middle” position themselves and puts their identity “in practices”. These social practices happen to be “consecrated” – whilst consecrating the “middle” as a social group – by public policies (such as “gap housing”) which target a “middle” category
Bozouls, Lorraine. ""Pour vivre heureux, vivons cachés" : pratiques résidentielles, styles de vie et rapports de genre chez les classes supérieures du pôle privé". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0033.
At the crossroads of the sociology of social classes and the urban sociology, this thesis focuses on the private pole of upper classes, defined as the one having more economic than cultural capital and living in homogeneous spaces of the well-off residential suburbs. It analyses the role of both the neighborhood and the house in the formation and reproduction of this class fraction and thus contributes to the understanding of segregation mechanisms. It is based on a survey conducted in the wealthier districts of two municipalities in the Parisian suburbs (Rueil-Malmaison and Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) where sixty interviews with homeowners were conducted. More than two thirds of the households surveyed have an estimated property of more than one million euros and therefore belong to the 3% of the most affluent households in France. The households surveyed choose a neighborhood marked by its entre-soi, which ensures favorable conditions for social reproduction. They invest locally in social relationships and heritage enterprises, from which they extract resources in terms of social, symbolic and economic capital. In addition, the households surveyed are invested in a privatization movement, which results in a strong taste for real estate ownership and in their withdrawal into the domestic sphere, which mainly affects women, many of whom are housewives. Finally, this privatization is also synonymous with a distance from public services, visible through the management of their security, which is sometimes accompanied by a movement of residential closure
Paris, Octavie. "Habiter un logement populaire locatif du centre-ville : la place des cortiços à São Paulo, Salvador et Belém". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3061/document.
In the Brazilian city, popular housing such as cortiço or pensão are poorly studied in the academic geography field, because of the focus around the favela. This dissertation aims to fill this lack in scientific studies on housing. The cortiço could be defined as a popular, collective, multifamiliar, rented housing whose development happens in old neighborhoods, called “centrals” of Brazilian cities. It is a housing solution older than the favela, still having an important place in the urban landscape nowadays. In this dissertation, I chose to study the place of the cortiço in three different metropolitan contexts: São Paulo, Salvador de Bahia and Belém do Pará. This allows us to address the cortiço’s urban reality in its diversity. Also, we take an approach by the micro level, entering in the cortiços and in the quartos in order to meet the dwellers and gathering their discourses. The place of the cortiço – in the city and for its inhabitants – allows us to also develop the questions of the right to the city and the permanence of popular residential function in city cores
David, Cédric. "Logement social des immigrants et politique municipale en banlieue ouvrière (Saint-Denis, 1944-1995) : histoire d’une improbable citoyenneté urbaine". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100094/document.
Territory of industry and immigration, Saint-Denis is one of the symbolic places of the "banlieue rouge" (red suburbs) of Paris. After 1945, the housing shortage happening in France is worsened in Saint-Denis by the mediocrity of the old housing stock and by a population growth which leads to the spreading of immigrants slums. The communist municipality makes housing construction a central axis of its social policy, therefore becoming one of the greatest HLM (social housing) municipal agencies of the parisian suburbs, managing about 9 000 apartments at the end of the 1970s. Managing such an agency and the induced social mutations pose challenges that can be observed in the local archives. Among those, the question of the housing of foreign or (post)colonial immigrants is taking on increasing importance from the 1960s. Still below 10 % in 1965, the proportion of foreign households housed by the municipal agency amounts to at least a quarter of the tenants in the 1980s. The acknowledgment of their local membership, if not even of their urban citizenship, is at stake and appears to be highly dependant on economic, social and institutionnal constraints which weigh on the managment of a HLM agency in a working class suburb. The logic of a gradual and conditionned municipal hospitality is first of all put in a difficult position by the dissymmetry between supply and demand on social housing. From the end of the 1960s, during significant urban planning operations, the question is seen from the perspective of the immigrant settlement and its repartition in the agglomeration. A logic of "tolerance threshold" to the immigrants which is the origin of discriminations then begins to take place. It is relative since the share of housed immigrants is still progressing. Nevertheless, the important budget crisis which is striking the HLM municipal agency of Saint-Denis from 1974, combined with an advanced desindustrialisation, contributes to a sustaining contortion on the ethno-racial question
Collet, Anaïs. "Générations de classes moyennes et travail de gentrification : changement social et changement urbain dans le Bas Montreuil et à la Croix-Rousse, 1975-2005". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933954.
Launay, Lydie. "Les politiques de mixité par l’habitat à l’épreuve des rapports résidentiels : Quartiers populaires et beaux quartiers à Paris et à Londres". Paris 10, 2011. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01419196.
Since the early 2000s, the increasing social polarisation of Paris and London legitimates the development of new social mix strategies in a "social rebalancing" of the city perspective. The analysis of their foundations reveals the central role given to housing for "key actors of the city" and key workers, considered as central actors 'relay' of social mixing. The coexistence of these specific categories of the middle classes with popular classes and ethnic minorities would supposedly improve their integration to the city and widely, to the society. Based on empirical work conducted on operations in the low-status and wealthy neighbourhoods, this thesis questions this assumption by analyzing social relationships to residential areas of social groups putting in a situation of co-presence. It highlights four ways of living in the neighbourhood and of coexisting from a multidimensional approach: the social characteristics of individuals, the residential trajectory and how the new residential situation is experienced, and social and physical characteristics of the neighbourhood. In this perspective, it analyses the otherness relationships of individuals that establish the boundaries between them and the “others” through a social reading and also, at varying degrees, a racial reading of the social world
Balteau, Emilie. "Rénovation urbaine et continuités populaires : une recherche socio-filmique en ville moyenne". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE013/document.
Rooted in the monograph of a social housing neighborhood situated in a middle-sized city (Auxerre) and leaning on a theoretical framework rehabilitating social class, this thesis addresses the effects of the contemporary urban renewal on the targeted neighborhoods' population, through two forms (a text and a movie).The research shows how urban renewal, while transforming spaces and the composition of the local population, creates a movement of differentiation between neighborhoods and sectors, which tends to widen the (social) divide between housing estates and detached houses (that convey character to the “new” neighborhood in question). In doing so, urban renewal rebrands the socio-residential status of the inhabitants that are playing a game of complex detachment – which can be observed in the various connections they have with space, whether in terms of representation or conduct.Meanwhile, through the connections to space, made of differences and oppositions, the research shows urban renewal as a global probation in which the inhabitants' communal belonging to working classes gets confirmed. While putting their wealth and connections to the test, it underlines the narrowness of their economic resources and reveals the fundamental importance of local sociability.The latter contributes to a number of reappropriation attempts that punctuate the words and customs of the inhabitants, and demand not to give way to a unilateral domination, as essential as the practical and symbolic constraints in which the working classes evolve may seem
Cumoli, Flavia. "Periferie e mondi operai: immigrazione, spazi sociali e ambiti culturali negli anni '50". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210345.
La thèse développe une analyse parallèle des deux études de cas en suivant un fil argumentatif unitaire, qui s’ouvre avec une enquête sur les flux migratoires et les contextes d’accueil des migrations. Dans les deux premiers chapitres nous avons analysé le contexte économique, social et territorial dans lequel s’inscrivent les processus migratoires. Pour le cas belge, nous avons analysé le cycle de l’industrie charbonnière, le processus de dépopulation de la Wallonie et les mécanismes qui règlent les flux, c'est-à-dire une migration contractée par les deux gouvernements. En ce qui concerne le cas milanais, nous avons tracé les contours de la très rapide urbanisation, qui a conduit toute une série de communes limitrophes à Milan à entrer dans l’orbite métropolitaine et à se qualifier comme des pôles périphériques.
Après avoir tracé les contours du cadre général, nous avons fait face, dans la deuxième partie, à la question plus spécifique du logement et des formes d’installations. Pour le cas louviérois, nous avons reconstruit les conditions de logement et la très difficile confrontation des premiers immigrés avec le monde du travail charbonnier, l’absence d’une initiative publique dans le secteur du logement jusqu’en 1954, faiblement compensé par l’initiative patronale, et la phase suivante des années 1950, qui a mené à la stabilisation des immigrés dans la région. De Sesto San Giovanni nous avons reconstruit la transition complexe vers la périphérie métropolitaine, à partir des installations rurales jusqu’aux politiques publiques locales et nationales de construction de grands ensembles, en soulignant comment cette intervention urbanistique était au centre d’un débat très vif sur l’aménagement du territoire, qui a débouché sur la création d’institutions administratives régionales. Dans la dernière partie de la recherche nous avons plutôt approfondi les aspects sociaux et culturels des parcours d’installation et d’intégration dans les deux tissus urbains. C’est en cette partie que nous avons utilisé davantage les sources orales, afin d’analyser les perceptions de soi, les mécanismes de construction de l’identité sociale et donc tous les changements que la migration, le rencontre avec la ville et l’industrie ont entraîné dans les organisations familiales, dans les perspectives de vie, les aspirations et les projets des migrants. À partir de l’analyse de ces parcours, dans le chapitre conclusif nous avons interrogé quelques catégories historiques et sociologiques classiques des études migratoires: d’abord le sens d’appartenance à la communauté d’origine et le développement d’un sens d’identité nationale, ensuite le processus de formation d’une solidarité de classe, qui dans les deux contextes a pris des formes sensiblement distinctes surtout par rapport aux différences dans la mémoire de l’expérience migratoire.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Laprovitera, da Motta Enio. "L'architecte et le peuple à Recife (Brésil) : 1959-2009". Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0132.
The economic, social and political transformations the Brazilian society went through during the 50ies and 60ies have caused Recife's architects to become progressively more aware of social, low-income concerns, especially in the Northeast Brazil. Actually, the broad social initiatives that took place throughout that time period, have engaged diverse politically - oriented individuals, local elite members, among different and varied demanding groups - architects included. As a matter of fact, those movements have apparently shared a clear, cross-cutting focus on social and law-income themes. Furthermore, important public planning agencies and other major university-bound research centers have also been set up during that time. Those institutions in turn have since then issued most major papers and projects highlighting social and low-income concerns