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Шиплей, А., e М. Яхья. "THE ARAB EXPERIENCE IN THE REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORIC URBAN AREAS (THE CASE OF BEIRUT, LEBANON)". Organizer of Production, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2023.32.59.011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Аннотация. В последние десятилетия все большую актуальность приобретают вопросы, касающиесяреконструкции и восстановления городов, пострадавших в ходе военных конфликтов. В данномисследовании проанализированы методы и опыт в восстановлении исторических городов на примере Бейрута в Ливане, которые отражают арабскую и сирийскую региональную специфику. Данный опыт реконструкции может быть применим для ряда сирийских городов, в частности Дамаска, поскольку территория современного Бейрута исторически являлась частью Сирии и развитие города проходило через схожие исторические этапы, проблемы и другие общие характеристики. Изучение градостроительных решений и политики, которая была использована при восстановлении Бейрута, пострадавшего в ходе военных конфликтов, может быть полезно в вопросах восстановления исторических городов Сирии. В ходе исследования были выделены несколько направлений градостроительной политики в области реконструкции зданий, восстановления планировочной структуры города, освящены исторические этапы развития планировки и архитектуры города Бейрута, стратегия реконструкции исторического центра Бейрута, описана современная часть города, которая не принадлежит к архитектурному стилю Средиземного моря или архитектурному стилю государства Ливан, что приводит к потере архитектурной самобытности города Бейрут. Были выявлены результаты, которые могут быть использованы в реконструкцииисторических городов региона. Данные и методы. В исследовании был проведен ретроспективный анализ, использовались градостроительные схемы Бейрута различных периодов (римского, исламского и современного). Проводились исследования современного состояния объектов культурного наследия и фотофиксация.Проанализированы результаты реконструкции и адаптации объектов культурного наследия и восстановления планировочной структуры города. Вопросам изучения региональных особенностей архитектурно-планировочной структуры исторического города Бейрут посвящены работы Рауль Ассаф, Лилиан Баракат, Бахос Валид, Баланше Фабрис, Фаур Галеб, Эрик Хюйбрехтс, Эрик Вердейл Джабер Мунзер. Однако вопросы формулирования региональных принципов реконструкции и восстановления планировочной структуры исторических арабских и сирийских городов остаются малоизученными. Полученные результаты Целью данного исследования является анализ особенностей формирования планировочной структуры Бейрута, а также оценка решений по ее реконструкции. Город Бейрут прошел через многие этапы развития, и мы сосредоточимся на восстановлении центра Бейрута. Abstract. In recent decades, issues relating to the reconstruction and rehabilitation of cities affected by military conflicts are becoming increasingly important. This study analyzes the methods and experiences in the reconstruction of historic cities on the example of Beirut in Lebanon, which reflect the Arab and Syrian regional specificity. This reconstruction experience can be applied to a number of Syrian cities, in particular Damascus, because the territory of modern Beirut has historically been part of Syria and the development of the city has passed through similar historical stages, problems and other common characteristics. The study of urban planning solutions and policies that have been used in the reconstruction of Beirut, which was damaged during the military conflicts, can be useful in the reconstruction of historic cities in Syria. In the course of the study several directions of urban planning policies in the reconstruction of buildings, the restoration of the planning structure of the city, the historical stages of the development of planning and architecture of the city of Beirut were highlighted, the reconstruction strategy of the historic center of Beirut, described the modern part of the city, which does not belong to the architectural style of the Mediterranean Sea or the architectural style of the Lebanese state, which leads to the loss of the architectural identity of the city of Beirut. Results have been identified that can be used in the reconstruction of historic cities in the region. Data and Methods. The study conducted a retrospective analysis, used Beirut's urban planning schemes of different periods (Roman, Islamic and modern). Studies of the current state of cultural heritage sites and photographic fixation were carried out. Analyzed the results of the reconstruction and adaptation of cultural heritage sites and the restoration of the planning structure of the city. The study of the regional characteristics of the architectural and planning structure of the historic city of Beirut are devoted to the works of Raoul Assaf, Lilian Barakat, Bahos Walid, Balanchet Fabrice, Faur Ghaleb, Eric Huybrechts, Eric Verdail Jaber Munzer. However, the issues of formulating regional principles for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the planning structure of historic Arab and Syrian cities remain poorly understood. Findings The purpose of this study is to analyze the features of the formation of the planning structure of Beirut, as well as to evaluate solutions for its reconstruction. The city of Beirut has gone through many stages of development, and we will focus on the rehabilitation of downtown Beirut.
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Krijnen, Marieke, David Bassens e Michiel van Meeteren. "Manning circuits of value: Lebanese professionals and expatriate world-city formation in Beirut". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, n. 12 (26 luglio 2016): 2878–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16660560.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Advanced producer services firms and the highly skilled labour they employ are important indicators for world-city formation, as their activities allegedly grant cities the capabilities to exert command and control over global accumulation processes. To ‘stress test’ this central assumption of global city theory, we apply Burawoy’s extended case method to probe world-city formation in Beirut, Lebanon. Observing a tendency in the literature to superimpose distinctions between high- and low-skilled labour and between North and South, the study marshals a more plural conceptualization of ‘professionals’ to include expatriate or transnational Lebanese service workers. The study’s key finding is that Euro-American professionals play a relatively marginal role in Beirut’s human resource base, complicating North–South distinctions. By contrast, domestic and expat Beiruti professionals are far more crucial in manning circuits of value leading to and from the city. These professionals act as intermediaries in unlocking Gulf markets for clients, contribute to institutional change in their host countries and help build command and control functions elsewhere. Relatedly, Beirut has become susceptible to processes of ‘expatriate world-city formation’, where real estate development and the attraction of bank deposits are partly the result of these APS-professionals repatriating their management fees into Beirut’s built environment and Lebanon’s domestic banking sector. Witnessing the growth of Beirut's expatriate world-city functions in absence of financial centre redevelopment, the paper proposes to be sensitive to potential disconnects between the function and location of command and control in global cities more generally.
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Buccianti-Barakat, Liliane, e Markus Hesse. "The Myth of Beirut’s Resilience: Introduction to the Thematic Issue". Urban Planning 7, n. 1 (23 febbraio 2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i1.5317.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This editorial introduces a thematic issue of <em>Urban Planning</em> on recent developments in Beirut, Lebanon. It emphasises the multiple crises the city has been undergoing for some time, which include an enduring political and economic crisis, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, and most recently the devastating impact of the blast that happened in the port of Beirut on 4th August 2020. The editorial outlines the specific challenges resulting from these crises and addresses the concept of resilience, which is taken up by the articles included in this issue.
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Jaran, Mahmoud. "Beirut e la guerra: Elias Khuri e Oriana Fallaci". Oriente Moderno 95, n. 1-2 (7 agosto 2015): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340073.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“Switzerland of the Middle East” and “the oriental Paris” are some of the names that the beautiful city of Beirut had earned before the disasters of the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990). This historical event is considered the most important one in the contemporary history of Lebanon, not only because it marks the end of a difficult peaceful coexistence among the various ethnic and religious groups during the period between the Independence (1943) and the beginning of the conflict (1975), but also because it made radical geopolitical changes to the entire region. At the end of the “Swiss epoque”, the city of Beirut begins to undergo a series of transformations in terms of urban planning, landscape, etc. This paper aims to study the literary representation of Beirut during the conflict, taking as examples two authors, one Lebanese, Elias Khuri, who shows, in his novel The Journey of Little Gandhi, the irrationality of war and its effects on the city and on the inhabitants; the other one is the Italian writer, Oriana Fallaci, who describes in his novel Inshallah the experience of the Italian contingent in the peacekeeping mission in Beirut. Despite the considerable differences between the two authors, the papers shows the narratives’ affinity which highlight the transformation of Beirut, the image of its citizens and the problematic of the assimilation process between them and their city.
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Nazzal, Maryam, e Samer Chinder. "Lebanon Cities’ Public Spaces". Journal of Public Space 3, n. 1 (30 aprile 2018): 119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v3i1.323.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Lebanon, the social connections are undeniable and crucial. However, meeting places remain private such as houses, restaurants, malls, and beach resorts. This is mainly due to the shortage of public spaces in Lebanon resulting from lack of planning, regulations and awareness around the right to the city and the importance of public spaces. In main cities where land prices are so expensive, common practice has prioritized the use of land in real estate development, thus trumping other uses such as public and communal spaces.In the late 1990s, Lebanon saw the emergence of malls, which have arguably acted as alternatives to public spaces. Malls, with their wealth of food courts, restaurants, cinemas, and play areas, have become the new downtown for a portion of the Lebanese population. They are also considered safe, which is another important factor.In 2015, the percentage of green spaces in Lebanon has decreased to less than 13%. While the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum of 9m2 of green space per capita (UN-HABITAT, 2016), Beirut has only 0.8m2.
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El Masri, Yafa, e Paola Minoia. "Campi profughi come spazi di soccorso in tempo di Covid-19: mobilità invisibili a Bourj Albarajenah". RIVISTA GEOGRAFICA ITALIANA, n. 3 (settembre 2022): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rgioa3-2022oa14583.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper aims to explore the peculiarity of the pandemic in stateless communities. Through a case study from a Palestinian refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon, we analyse how Palestinian refugees were affected by and responded to the pandemic. We find that the legal exclusion of refugees from the state protection has generated invisible mobility, which further increased the risk of spreading the virus. Refugees have founded their own community response mechanisms of food sharing and crowdfunding. They established Aman medical centre in the camp, which has become a destination for infected, yet undocumented, residents of the city. We conclude how Palestinian refugees used this invisible mobility to save other refugees, therefore proving how refugee camps can become spaces of rescue in times of global emergency.&nbsp;
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Adra, Marina Gharibian, John Hopton e John Keady. "Nursing home quality of life in the Lebanon". Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 18, n. 2 (12 giugno 2017): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-01-2016-0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions, perspectives and meaning of quality of life for a sample of older residents, care staff and family caregivers in two nursing homes in Lebanon. Design/methodology/approach A classic grounded theory study was conducted between 2010 and 2011 in two nursing homes in Beirut. The semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a theoretical sample of 20 residents, 8 family caregivers and 11 staff. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. Findings Three distinct but interrelated properties of quality of life emerged from this process: “maintaining self,” “maintaining identity” and “maintaining continuity”. The dynamics that exist within and between each of these properties provide an indicator about shared and distinct meanings and the implications for care practice. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted in one city in Lebanon; accordingly, the transferability of findings may be challenging. Practical implications Implications for nursing and nursing policy – improving Lebanese national standards and regulations applicable to nursing home residents may help to enhance residents’ care needs and quality of life. Social implications There was limited guidance aimed at helping older residents to voice and increase their choice and control. Originality/value This paper provides new insights into the process of outlining the properties attached to the phenomenon of quality of life in nursing homes in Lebanon. It will be of interest to those in nursing home care as well as to policy makers.
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Marshall, David J., Lynn A. Staeheli, Dima Smaira e Konstantin Kastrissianakis. "Narrating palimpsestic spaces". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, n. 5 (20 febbraio 2017): 1163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17690531.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The term ‘palimpsest’ refers to medieval manuscripts that have been multiply erased and inscribed with the overlapping texts of successive scribes. More recently and amongst academics, the term has become a metaphor for describing the city, including both the physical urban form as well as memories and experiences of everyday urban life. The palimpsest offers a way of thinking not only about urban transformation, where new and repurposed structures exist alongside the old, but also changes in how the city is experienced, or how life stories are written upon and rewrite existing spaces. This paper focuses on the latter. Though the palimpsest metaphor has been used to describe material transformations of the urban, the question that this paper raises is: how can the notion of the palimpsest inform methodological approaches to researching how the city is lived and seen? Collaborative, digital storytelling that combines images, narration, and sound can provide a method that emphasises the polyvocality and multi-temporality that the term palimpsest implies. A palimpsestic approach to digital storytelling, as a visual and narrative method, gestures at places as open to future readings and inscriptions. This is relevant to all cities, but perhaps most obviously in cities where historical narratives, memories of violence, and questions over the future political direction of the country in which the city is located are all highly contested. To illustrate these points, this paper draws upon research conducted with young people in Beirut, Lebanon as part of a wider study about how youth experience citizenship and belonging in divided societies.
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Wojtowicz-Jankowska, Dorota, e Bahaa Bou Kalfouni. "A Vision of Sustainable Design Concepts for Upgrading Vulnerable Coastal Areas in Light of Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study from Beirut, Lebanon". Sustainability 14, n. 7 (28 marzo 2022): 3986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073986.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rapid urbanization combined with the effects of climate change has increased the vulnerability of poor urban communities to natural hazards, particularly to informal settlements located in coastal areas. Apart from socio-economic challenges, the effects of climate change threaten the very existence of these settlements. They are particularly vulnerable due to their poor structural quality and lack of adequate infrastructure to mitigate the consequences of any natural event. The article highlights an informal settlement belt, located on the coastline of the southern suburb of the capital Beirut. This area is an example of a complex urban, social, and economic structure. As a result, this research speculates on the possible sustainable design solutions and tested development strategies through urban, architecture, and landscape design proposals, derived from interventions that succeed in facing similar challenges compatible with the studied context. The aim is to advocate for comprehensive consideration and transformation of coastal informal settlements that can be used to encourage neutralizing the obvious challenges of climate change in urban settings. Therefore, planning specifications and quality aspects for future coastal informal settlements are proposed and extracted. The research involves analysis of qualitative data rather than quantitative data, as there is not much definite information available in terms of statistics, such as review of publications and grey literature. The scope of the study ranges from microscale improvement to providing usable and accessible city-wide ecological urban settings and sustainable spaces with new standards for coastal informal settlements as a potential backbone.
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Soukarieh, Mayssun. "Speaking Palestinian: An Interview with Rosemary Sayigh". Journal of Palestine Studies 38, n. 4 (2009): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2009.38.4.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This interview is part of a longer conversation that independent researcher Mayssun Soukarieh conducted with Rosemary Sayigh in Beirut during the summer of 2008. Sayigh, an anthropologist, oral historian, and researcher, was born in Birmingham in the United Kingdom and moved to Beirut in 1953, where she married the Palestinian economist Yusif Sayigh. She earned her master's degree from the American University of Beirut (AUB) in 1970 and was awarded a PhD from Hull University in Yorkshire in 1994. Since coming to Beirut fifty-six years ago, Sayigh has dedicated her life to writing and advocating for the Palestinians in Lebanon and elsewhere. She is the author of two groundbreaking books: Palestinians: From Peasants to Revolutionaries; A People's History (Zed Books, 1979) and Too Many Enemies: The Palestinian Experience in Lebanon (Zed Books, 1993). Although these conversations focused on Sayigh's scholarly work rather than her personal history, it became clear that the two are inextricably linked.
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Waked, A., C. Seigneur, F. Couvidat, Y. Kim, K. Sartelet, C. Afif, A. Borbon, P. Formenti e S. Sauvage. "Modeling air pollution in Lebanon: evaluation at a suburban site in Beirut". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, n. 11 (16 novembre 2012): 29571–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-29571-2012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon, which is located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean basin, experiences high air pollution episodes. Annual average concentrations of coarse and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as nitrogen oxides (NOx) often exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Therefore, improving air quality in this region is essential. The Polyphemus/Polair3D modeling system is used here to investigate air pollution episodes in Beirut during 2–18 July 2011. The modeling domain covers two nested grids of 1 and 5 km horizontal resolution over the greater Beirut and Lebanon, respectively. The anthropogenic emission inventory was developed earlier (Waked et al., 2012). The Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model is used to generate the meteorological fields and the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) is used for biogenic emissions. The results of the study are compared to measurements from a field campaign conducted in the suburb of Beirut during 2–18 July 2011. The model reproduces satisfactorily the concentrations of most gaseous pollutants, the total mass of PM2.5 as well as PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfate.
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Faulkner, Andrew. "NONNUS' ‘YOUNGER LEGEND’: THE BIRTH OF BEROË AND THE DIDACTIC TRADITION". Greece and Rome 64, n. 2 (ottobre 2017): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383517000031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The forty-first book of Nonnus' Dionysiaca takes as its central theme Beroë, the sea nymph identified with the city of Beirut in Phoenicia (modern-day Lebanon). Nonnus associates Beroë closely with Amymone. She is pursued sexually by both Dionysus and Poseidon, with the latter proving victorious, a story which Nonnus recounts in the next book of his poem. In Book 41, however, the narrative focuses upon the foundation of the city and Beroë’s birth. Nonnus initially dwells on Beirut's geographical setting and its first inhabitants, before turning to the birth of Aphrodite, who is said to arrive first at Beirut, not Cythera or Cyprus as in other accounts (Nonnus, Dion. 41.97–119).
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Haydar, Adib. "“Unparking”: How can Smart Mobility Reduce Parking Demand in Our Cities to the Minimum? (Beirut Case Study)". Smart Cities 3, n. 2 (29 marzo 2020): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3020010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Beirut is a car-dependent city, with 80% of Beirut citizens using their private cars to move across the city (the rate of car ownership is higher than regional and global benchmarks: 627 cars/1000 in Beirut, 550/1000 in Dubai and 170/1000 in Singapore). This reality causes two related impacts: an increased parking demand and decreased public transportation usage. Furthermore, in order to discuss these aspects, our study addresses the following question: How can the municipality’s interventions and mobility system reforms, such as smart public transportation systems and shareable mobility, reduce parking demand? As our methodology, it consists of three sections: (1) determine Beirut's parking problems by estimating parking demand and supply; (2) assess the potential effects of Beirut municipality policies in comparison to international experiences; and (3) evaluate the potential impacts of the smart public transportation system and shareable mobility in reducing parking demand. This paper studies parking growth in developing countries, such as Lebanon, and can help planners, decision-makers, and the Beirut municipality to make more informed decisions about parking policies, and to meet growing parking demand by introducing smart interventions that have high local potentials.
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Schlaepfer, Aline. "Sidon against Beirut: Space, Control, and the Limits of Sectarianism within the Jewish Community of Modern Lebanon". International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, n. 3 (26 luglio 2021): 424–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000180.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractWhen the State of Greater Lebanon was established in 1920, the Jewish Community Council of Beirut was officially recognized as the central administrative body within Lebanon, and although smaller communities such as Sidon and Tripoli also had their own councils they were consequently made subject to the authority of Beirut. In this context of political overhaul, I argue that some Jewish actors made use “from below” of political opportunities provided by sectarianism “from above”—or national sectarianism—to garner control over all Jewish political structures in Lebanon. But by examining in particular activities in and around the Israelite Community Council in Sidon (al-Majlis al-Milli al-Isra'ili bi-Sayda), I show how and why these attempts to practice new forms of sectarianism were met with resistance, despite connections that tied Lebanon's Jews together administratively in one community.
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El-Masri, Maha. "Terracotta oil lamps from the excavation at the Bey 004 site (Beirut, Lebanon)". Ancient lamps from Spain to India. Trade, influences, local traditions, n. 28.1 (30 dicembre 2019): 423–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam28.1.24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The excavation of site Bey 004 in the urban center of Beirut was done as part of a major salvage-archaeology operation in the 1990s, in reparation for the redevelopment of the city after the Lebanese Civil War. War destruction had given archaeologists the opportunity to investigate the topography, history and everyday life of Beirut over the millennia since its establishment and before a new city would be built on top of the ruins in the 21st century. Terracotta oil lamps, like tableware, are a sensitive guide to the passage of time and cultures, spanning the ages the 5th century BC through the 9th century AD, from Persia to Islam. The article reviews the assemblage from the Bey 004 site, broken down by a local site typology that reflects major periods of occupation, and relates it to existing typologies of ancient Near Eastern lamps from the Canaanite to the Islamic.
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Sakr, Rita. "Imagining mid-nineteenth-century Beirut as a ‘City of the World’: Public intellectuals, photography, cartography and historical literature". Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 6, n. 1 (1 marzo 2019): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00002_1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study explores the process of constructing mid-nineteenth-century (1858–76) Beirut as a city of the world not merely through its gradual material instantiation in mechanisms of technological modernization and in the built environment but also, more emphatically and enduringly, as a product of the cultural imagination. The article engages the ethico-political parameters of a ‘crisis of representation’ in the context of both the selected historical period that is one of geopolitical crisis, specifically the 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus that brought refugees, military and diplomatic intervention into Beirut, and our ongoing era of intensive contestation and critical attention to Beirut’s urban heritage. This contrapuntal framework of geocreativity invites an examination of the output of mid-nineteenth-century Beiruti intellectuals and missionaries (including newspapers, public lectures, the encyclopaedia and the memoir), alongside mid-nineteenth-century photography and cartography by military and civilian visitors to Beirut, and twenty-first-century Lebanese historical literature, particularly Rabī‘ Jabir’s Bayrūt trilogy (2003–07), that recreates mid-nineteenth-century Beirut as a city of the world from the perspectives of the archive and the consciousness of the city’s post-war transformations.
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Qaissi, Zubaida. "Photographing the Past and Future of Lebanon: The Potential History and Visual Afterlives of Beirut's War-Damaged Buildings". Stachka! 1, n. 1 (2024): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.33682/kydw-ajf1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Beirut, Lebanon, is a city in constant construction and reconstruction, it seems. After surviving multiple wars, with the Civil War of 1975-1990 as an arguably most impactful example, Beirut has been left with buildings riddled by bullets. That these buildings still stand is incredible, because they have survived not only the material damage of the war but also the various 'rebuilding' projects which have taken place since the end of the war, most of which were (and continue to be) headed by private companies such as state-founded Solidere. These buildings are some of the most photographed sites in Beirut; even when they are not the focus, they linger in the background, both physically and figuratively. As a case study, this paper examines the photography of an unfinished, decrepit cinema popularly called "the Egg." In doing so, this paper seeks to investigate how visual cityscapes create a sense of morale and identity, as well as pasts and futures. The Egg's afterlife as a ghost of a city that never came to be, drawing on Ariella Aïsha Azoulay's concept of potential history, troubles conceptions about how public memories and aspirations are negotiated, particularly visually and in the so-called Global South.
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Mady, Christine, e Angelique Chettiparamb. "Planning in the face of ‘deep divisions’: A view from Beirut, Lebanon". Planning Theory 16, n. 3 (17 marzo 2016): 296–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095216639087.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article discusses planning in the global South-East while focusing on the specific context of social divides, political turmoil and conflict situations. The article proposes a five-way framework based on political science and planning theory to analyse such contexts. The article explores the case of Beirut, Lebanon that has undergone several episodes of internal and external conflicts resulting in a society splintered along sectarianism. Two case studies of open urban spaces and their public activities are analysed using the five-way framework The discussion indicates how economic liberalism that is prevalent in countries of the South-East, along with place-based identities, interest-based identities, consensus orientated processes and institutionalism might facilitate a cultivation of deep values away from a narrowly constructed identity. The article argues that planners should understand the options for positive action that aim to bridge deep divisions and suggests that the five-way framework provides a reference for contextualising in different ways to suit particular contexts. Therefore, the framework is not necessarily restricted to the South-East but could be applicable to any context which manifests deep divisions.
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Gerges, Najib Nicolas, Mazen Omran e Mohammad Saad. "The Necessity for a Sustainable Transport System in Beirut: The Case Study of Corniche El Mazraa Arterial". European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, n. 4 (20 aprile 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.4.291.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Corniche El Mazraa Road, one of the major arterial of Beirut – the capital city of Lebanon – is characterized by severe traffic congestion spreading over extended peak periods during the day. This is jeopardizing the transport system risking of halting the functionality of the city in addition to economic and environmental losses. The authors examined a number of mitigation measures to improve the traffic condition along Corniche El Mazraa Road. The only solution that could result in tangible improvements in the traffic conditions, in such an urban dense environment, is the introduction of a reliable public transport system.
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Gerges, Najib Nicolas, Mazen Omran e Mohammad Saad. "The Necessity for a Sustainable Transport System in Beirut: The Case Study of Corniche El Mazraa Arterial". European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, n. 4 (20 aprile 2017): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.4.291.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Corniche El Mazraa Road, one of the major arterial of Beirut – the capital city of Lebanon – is characterized by severe traffic congestion spreading over extended peak periods during the day. This is jeopardizing the transport system risking of halting the functionality of the city in addition to economic and environmental losses. The authors examined a number of mitigation measures to improve the traffic condition along Corniche El Mazraa Road. The only solution that could result in tangible improvements in the traffic conditions, in such an urban dense environment, is the introduction of a reliable public transport system.
21
Fouani, Tarek. "What Happened to the Public Spaces of the Arab World? From Colonisation to Revolution: The Case of Lebanon". Journal of Public Space, Vol. 6 n. 1 (30 aprile 2021): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v6i1.1308.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Public spaces were first introduced into the Arab world through colonial authorities in a vision to “modernise” what was seen as “oriental cities”, since the 19th century until today. However, this process was brought under severe political, social, cultural, and economic circumstances. In the due date, the imported western models of public spaces were superimposed on the existing fabric, dismissing any of those components, which left public spaces to their tragic fate in the Arab cities. In that context, they were also snatched from their democratic and civic nature under the dictator regimes. The paper will be divided into five sections, starting with a look at the historical evolution of public spaces under colonisation, then it will take Beirut, Lebanon as a case study; a city that was torn by war and patched by western ideologies following the modernist movement. This will take a critical approach by looking at several players in the process of implementation of public spaces in Beirut. One of these being Solidere and its reconstruction plans of the city centre of Beirut after the civil war (1975-1990), which was heavily influenced by the western models of public spaces. In the third section, a comparative study between Piazza del Duomo in Italy and Martyrs’ Square in Lebanon will set a wider understanding of the product of this evolution. Eventually, the paper will analyse the impact of the Lebanese revolution (2019) on reclaiming the public spaces for the people, similar to other revolutions in the Arab world that date back to 2011, through examples like “The Egg”, Samir Kassir Garden and Martyr’s Square. By the hands of the revolutions, the people were able to domesticate what did not reflect their identity, culture or needs, and transform them into inclusive spaces for everyone from all races, classes and backgrounds as an opportunity to set a collective vision for the future. By that, a look and a recommendation for the future of the public spaces in the Arab world, especially Beirut, will take place through a concluding section.
22
Parry-Davies, Ella, e Eliesh S.D. "Siting Performance Philosophy: Positions, Encounters and Reflections at Beirut: Bodies in Public". Performance Philosophy 1, n. 1 (10 aprile 2015): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2015.1116.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Beirut: Bodies in Public was a three-day workshop that took place in Beirut, Lebanon from 9-11 October 2014, supported by a Performance Philosophy grant for interim conference events. The workshop integrated academic research with performances, movement workshops, film, and site-specific responses to the city, and welcomed disciplinary perspectives from a broad range of fields. In this article, the convenors Ella Parry-Davies and Eliesh S.D. reflect on the central issues and encounters foregrounded by the event, and the disciplinary or methodological implications of the project for performance philosophy. Taking as its central provocation the controversial statement: “Art in public spaces doesn’t exist anymore”, the workshop sought to address the role of embodied practice in Beirut’s precarious public sites. Insofar as philosophy can be ‘performed’, it is grounded in the particularities of its social space, an utterance shaped by its historical and geopolitical locality. As a practice of performance philosophy, then, Beirut: Bodies in Public triangulated these two forms-of-knowing with a third: the interrogation presented by the site itself - its potentialities, contingencies and challenges.
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Daou, Dolly. "Sahat al-Borj: A Feminine City Square as a Container of Events". Journal of Urban History 43, n. 5 (16 febbraio 2016): 795–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144216629930.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Beirut’s city center, Sahat al-Borj, has been the receptacle to many historical events, which shaped its current identity, such as repeated wars and other violent events such as tsunamis and earthquakes. These events affected the Square’s identity and the national identity and culture of Lebanon, and led to the creation and evolution of Sahat al-Borj from a cosmopolitan city center in the 1950s and 1960s, to a demarcation line between East (Christians) and West (Muslims) during the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990) to an abandoned city center since 1990. Like Derrida’s khōra, the sites of Beirut and Sahat al-Borj both have interior qualities and are receptacles of repeated wars and violent events. In Lebanese, both the city and the city Square are referred to with a feminine pronoun: hiyeh or “she” in Lebanese and elle in French. In Arabic and Lebanese, the nouns Sahat (a square, is an open space; open to a diversity of activities) and Mdineh (city) are feminine, giving both feminine connotations. This gendered pronoun accruing to cultural practices humanizes the Square and personalizes its identity and its occupation by referring to the city and its center as “she” or “her.” In Anglophone societies, city squares are usually referred to as “it” in English and do not have feminine or masculine genders or “character” attributed to them, unlike French, Arabic, or Lebanese. Through a series of historical cartographic maps and images collected from different library archives in France and Lebanon, this article will explore the human occupation of the Square throughout history and will examine the urban site of Beirut as a container of events and a transitional “non-place” with feminine and interior qualities with a specific reference to Derrida’s khōra. Although there are many interpretations of Khōra, like Derrida’s Khōra, in this article, the interior is explored as a receptacle associated with the feminine, the container, which receives human’s occupation.1
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Aouad, David, e Noushig Kaloustian. "Sustainable Beirut City Planning Post August 2020 Port of Beirut Blast: Case Study of Karantina in Medawar District". Sustainability 13, n. 11 (5 giugno 2021): 6442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116442.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The 4 August 2020 Port of Beirut blast caused material damage to an estimated 77,000 apartments located across 10,000 buildings within a 3 km radius of the blast, impacting around 300,000, people predominantly in the municipality of Karantina, which is situated adjacent to the Port of Beirut. The blast shed light on the instability and unsustainable development approach of the city of Beirut since well before the French mandate circa 1921–1940. The impact of the blast provides an opportunity to reassess the relationship between many relevant aspects of the city planning including but not limited to: the relationship of the city to its suburbs, waterfront, and city center; the lack of local planning and cross sectorial master plans; the preservation of the heritage versus the complexity of its urban development; the city growth and increased haphazard urbanization; the infrastructure/service systems that have over the years become increasingly deficient; the lack of public spaces; impacts on urban climate; and the urban divide and inequality that have only grown deeper since the blast, all of which have a combined and adverse impact on the quality of city life. This paper analyzes the most suitable indicators that one must highlight within the context of Beirut city to propose a better and sustainable quality of life with a focus on areas that were significantly impacted by the recent POB blast, namely Karantina. Examples of indicators which were analyzed include sustainable urban design, open spaces, heritage, infrastructure, and urban fabric. The results indicated that the following four main urban design features help improve the quality of life in Karantina, including: (i) connecting areas of Karantina and Mar Mkhael through the reactivation of vacant lots; (ii) reactivation of Ibrahim Bacha and El-Khodr Streets; (iii) redefining the historical El Khodr Mosque boundary and reclaiming its role as an urban landmark; and (iv) integration of classified built heritage. These parameters are necessary to improve the quality of life. The benefits of community participation are also assessed in the improvement and sustainable planning of the city of Beirut.
25
Fawaz, Mona. "Exceptions and the actually existing practice of planning: Beirut (Lebanon) as case study". Urban Studies 54, n. 8 (12 aprile 2016): 1938–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016640453.
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Auji, Hala. "On Ruins: The Art and Politics of Architectural Heritage". International Journal of Islamic Architecture 11, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00062_7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The journal’s new Dialogues series brings together scholars and practitioners from across varied disciplines for a discussion of critical contemporary issues that interrogate the boundaries between architecture, art, anthropology, archaeology, and history. The inaugural instalment, held as a webinar hosted by IJIA Assistant Editor Hala Auji in January of 2021, brought together video artists and filmmakers Ali Cherri (Beirut/Paris) and Panos Aprahamian (Beirut). The conversation addressed the intersections between art, film, history, and heritage in the contemporary socio-political contexts of Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, and Armenia. The following is an edited excerpt from the original conversation.1
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Hamama, Islam, Masa-yuki Yamamoto, Mohamed N. ElGabry, Noha Ismail Medhat, Hany S. Elbehiri, Adel Sami Othman, Mona Abdelazim, Ahmed Lethy, Sherif M. El-hady e Hesham Hussein. "Investigation of near-surface chemical explosions effects using seismo-acoustic and synthetic aperture radar analyses". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, n. 3 (marzo 2022): 1575–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009406.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chemical explosions are ground truth events that provide data, which, in turn, can enhance the understanding of wave propagation, damage assessment, and yield estimation. On 4 August 2020, Beirut, Lebanon was shocked by a catastrophic explosion, which caused devastating damage to the Mediterranean city. A second strong chemical explosion took place at the Xiangshui, China chemical plant on 21 March 2019. Both events generated shock waves that transitioned to infrasound waves, seismic waves, as well as hydroacoustic signals with accompanying T-phases in the case of the Beirut event. In this work, the seismo-acoustic signatures, yields, and associated damage of the two events are investigated. The differentiainterferometry synthetic aperture radar analysis quantified the surface damage and the estimated yield range, equivalent to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [C7H5(NO2)3] (TNT), through a “boom” relation of the peak overpressure was evaluated. Infrasound propagation modeling identified a strong duct in the stratosphere with the propagation to the west in the case of the Beirut-Port explosion. In the case of the Xiangshui explosion, the modeling supports the tropospheric propagation toward the Kochi University of Technology (KUT) sensor network in Japan. Although the Beirut yield (202–270 ± 100 tons) was slightly larger than the Xiangshui yield (201 ± 83.5 tons), the near-source damage areas are almost the same based on the distribution of damaged buildings surrounding the explosions.
28
Musallam, Fuad. "The Dissensual Everyday: Between Daily Life and Exceptional Acts in Beirut, Lebanon". City & Society 32, n. 3 (20 settembre 2020): 670–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12349.
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El-Barmelgy, Mohamed M., Ahmad M. Shalaby, Usama A. Nassar e Shimaa M. Ali. "The Impact of Urban Regeneration on Land Use in Land with High Urban Value – London VS Beirut". EARTH SCIENCES AND HUMAN CONSTRUCTIONS 1 (4 febbraio 2021): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232024.2021.1.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper explores the relationship between the economic, social and political forces shaping urban regeneration and its impact on selected case studies (London-Beirut). It draws on experiences with planning and delivery of regeneration schemes through various forms of public / private partnerships in England and Lebanon. The paper discusses urban regeneration definition and its analytical framework, policies, strategies, and key success factors. Then the study analyses two international experiences of urban regeneration for land with high urban value namely; Canary Wharf in London and Downtown Beirut, in order to draw an outline of the objectives of this process, its approach and its analytical framework. Finally, the paper summarizes the most significant findings and highlight the importance of funding resources, institutional management and public / private partnerships to achieve successful and sustainable results.
30
Weiss, Max. "THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF SHIءI MODERNISM: MORALITY AND GENDER IN EARLY 20TH-CENTURY LEBANON". International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, n. 2 (maggio 2007): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807070092.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In an early 1980s interview, Amira Muhammad ءAli al-Houmani, daughter of one of the 20th century's most revered Lebanese Shiءi poets, insisted that the “southern woman” (al-marʿa al-janūbiyya) had always been a “partner” to the southern Lebanese man, both “in the house and in the field.” She explained how Lebanese women both in and from the south have historically played important domestic as well as productive economic roles spanning both the private and the public. Beyond casual nods toward their political and economic participation, however, disputes about and including Shiءi women in Lebanon and, more broadly put, discussions of and about gender, generally have been occluded from historical narratives. Considering the indisputable contemporary significance of Lebanese Shiءi communities in Jabal ءAmil (South Lebanon), the Bekaء Valley, and Beirut, it is even more remarkable that the diverse histories of gender in Shiءi Lebanon have yet to be written.
31
Khyami, Ali. "Impact of land cover change on land surface temperature over Greater Beirut Area – Lebanon". Journal of Geoinformatics & Environmental Research 2, n. 1 (23 giugno 2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jgier2121.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Remote sensing (RS) technology has been used together with geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the LC types, retrieve LST, and analyze their relationships. The term Greater Beirut Area (GBA) is used to refer to the city of Beirut and its suburbs which witnessed rapid urban growth, after the end of the civil war, in the last decade of the twentieth century, due to the increase in the number of its inhabitants, and the prosperity and development of sectors such as; industrial, trade, tourism, and construction. These factors led to a wide change in the land cover (LC) types and increased land surface temperature LST. The results showed an increase in built-up areas by 29.1%, and agricultural lands by 6%, while bare land, forests, and seawater decreased by 28.5%, 4.9%, and 1.9%, respectively. These changes caused large differences in the LST between built-up areas and other LC types. The highest LST recorded was in built-up areas (33.03°C in 1985, and 34.01°C in 2020), followed by bare lands (32.61 °C in 1985 and 33.49°C in 2020), cropland (31.23°C in 1985 and 32.17°C in 2020), forest (30.08°C in 1985 and 30.47°C in 2020), and water (24.97°C in 1985 and 28.15°C in 2020). Consequently, converting different LC types into built-up areas led to increases in LST and changed microclimate.
32
Khyami, Ali. "Impact of land cover change on land surface temperature over Greater Beirut Area – Lebanon". Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends 3, n. 02 (25 ottobre 2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jastt302174.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Remote sensing (RS) technology has been used together with geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the LC types, retrieve LST, and analyze their relationships. The term Greater Beirut Area (GBA) is used to refer to the city of Beirut and its suburbs, which witnessed rapid urban growth after the end of the civil war in the last decade of the twentieth century, due to the increase in the number of its inhabitants, and the prosperity and development of sectors such as; industrial, trade, tourism, and construction. These factors led to a wide change in land cover (LC) types and increased land surface temperature (LST). The results showed an increase in built-up areas by 29.1% and agricultural lands by 6%, while bare land, forests, and seawater decreased by 28.5%, 4.9%, and 1.9%, respectively. These changes caused large differences in the LST between built-up areas and other LC types. The highest LST recorded was in built-up areas (33.03°C in 1985, and 34.01°C in 2020), followed by bare lands (32.61 °C in 1985 and 33.49°C in 2020), cropland (31.23°C in 1985 and 32.17°C in 2020), forest (30.08°C in 1985 and 30.47°C in 2020), and water (24.97°C in 1985 and 28.15°C in 2020). Consequently, converting different LC types into built-up areas led to increases in LST and a changed microclimate.
33
ABISAAB, MALEK. "HASSAN N. DIAB, Beirut: Reviving Lebanon's Past (Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 1999). Pp. 144. $55.00 cloth, $19.95 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, n. 1 (febbraio 2001): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801351061.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The fifteen-year civil war in Lebanon and its destructive social effects have called for soul-searching by many Lebanese. Hassan Diab explores the regional and international economic developments that caused political instability and led to episodes of civil strife and social upheaval in Lebanon from the late Ottoman period until recent times. Further, Diab promises to assess the revival of Beirut's past through the governmental project of Rafiq Hariri known as Horizon 2000, and the ramifications of reconstructing downtown Beirut in the aftermath of the civil war. Diab raises a number of legitimate concerns about the validity and necessity of these projects and the extent to which they can prevent the eruption of a civil war in the future.
34
Saliba, N. A., S. Moussa, H. Salame e M. El-Fadel. "Variation of selected air quality indicators over the city of Beirut, Lebanon: Assessment of emission sources". Atmospheric Environment 40, n. 18 (giugno 2006): 3263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.054.
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Termos, Ali, e Neil Yorke-Smith. "Urbanism and Geographic Crises: A Micro-Simulation Lens on Beirut". Urban Planning 7, n. 1 (23 febbraio 2022): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i1.4711.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At a geographical and strategic confluence, the ancient city of Beirut, Lebanon, has witnessed crises from natural and human causes over the centuries. The modern urban and peri-urban development is a result of neo-classical economics, laissez-faire regulations, and complex socio-political structures. This article considers the contemporary housing situation and asks about its resilience to crises. The methodological approach is speculative simulation. We capture the urban status quo through agent-based simulation, and simulate a range of independent shocks. Although the goal of the article is exploratory and not historical replay, the shocks considered are historical exemplars, such as the explosion on August 4th, 2020. Looking across peri-urban Beirut, we measure qualitative effects on housing economics and dynamics. The research question thus addressed is to determine the optimal amount of capital needed for regeneration without triggering a price increase in the housing market. The contribution of the article is a data-and-modelling approach to humane questions of interest to urban scholars. The simulation model is available open source to provoke further enquiry.
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Voderstrasse, Tasha. "Archaeology of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview". Chronos 20 (30 aprile 2019): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v20i0.476.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article will present an overview of the archaeological work done on medieval Lebanon from the 19th century to the present. The period under examination is the late medieval period, from the 11th to the 14th centuries, encompassing the time when the region was under the control of various Islamic dynasties and the Crusaders. The archaeology of Lebanon has been somewhat neglected over the years, despite its importance for our understanding of the region in the medieval period, mainly because of the civil war (1975-1990), which made excavations and surveys in the country impossible and led to the widespread looting of sites (Hakiman 1987; Seeden 1987; Seeden 1989; Fisk 1991; Hakiman 1991; Ward 1995; Hackmann 1998; Sader 2001. In general, see Fisk 1990). Furthermore, many collections within Lebanon itself could not be visited for the purpose of study and even collections outside Lebanon remained largely neglected. The end Of the civil war, however, marked a time of renewed interest in the country's archaeology, particularly in the city of Beirut. Also, the identification of large numbers of Christian frescoes in the region meant that churches and their paintings were studied in detail for the first time. Although much had been lost during the civil war, it was clear the archaeological heritage of Lebanon remains critical to our understanding of the archaeology of the Levant. As a crossroads for Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the late medieval period, the region that is now Lebanon was of great importance in the 1 lth to 14th centuries.
37
Hoteit, Maha, Youssef Al-Atat, Hussein Joumaa, Suheir El Ghali, Rania Mansour, Reem Mhanna, Fatima Sayyed-Ahmad, Pascale Salameh e Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh. "Exploring the Impact of Crises on Food Security in Lebanon: Results from a National Cross-Sectional Study". Sustainability 13, n. 16 (5 agosto 2021): 8753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168753.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aims to explore the prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households since the ordeals of COVID-19, economic crisis, and Beirut port explosions. At the core of the study, a mobile application entitled Nutrition Assessment System (NAS) that simplified the data collection was used as toolkit and a technical test was carried out in all Lebanese governorates between November 2020 and March 2021. Findings show that food insecurity is an immediate problem for households in Beirut and in many governorates in Lebanon. Nine in every 16 households ate less than 2 meals per day and more than 70% of them skipped their meals to spare food. Even though half the population studied had a low food consumption score, 82.4% of the people were not relying on livelihood coping strategies. However, more than three out of ten of these households relied on at least three food-based coping strategies. In addition, as for the livelihoods, this assessment found that most Lebanese households reported a drop in income along with an expansion in debt incurrence in the last 24 months to be able to buy food. Improving food security in Lebanon requires effort not only on the part of the government, but through regional and international actions.
38
Tarnini, Mohamad, Mohammad Alsayed, Abdallah El Ghaly e Khaled Chahine. "Towards Energy Sustainability in University Campuses: A Case Study of Beirut Arab University". Sustainability 15, n. 9 (8 maggio 2023): 7695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097695.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lebanon has been suffering from severe challenges in its electric sector for decades owing to chronic supply shortages and faults in its aging power grid infrastructure. The deplorable situation of the Lebanese electric sector has been made worse by the economic meltdown that started in 2019, which eventually led to total power blackouts across the country. In this paper, we present a case study on the design and implementation of a solar microgrid system for Beirut Arab University, Lebanon. As a first step, simulation software for a microgrid and a distributed generation power system is used to compare different design scenarios. Considering the available installation area and the fact that the greatest demand occurs during the daytime, when both the educational and managerial facilities are running, it is found that a 500-kW photovoltaic system tied to the university’s already present diesel generators is the optimal solution in terms of return on investment. The second step details the actual implementation of the system in the Beirut campus and the evaluation of the system’s performance in terms of diesel cost savings and emissions reduction. We expect that the results of this case study will encourage other institutions and communities to adopt sustainable and renewable energy sources.
39
Sawalha, Aseel. "The Reconstruction of Beirut: Local Responses to Globalization". City Society 10, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/city.1998.10.1.133.
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Сухоруков, С. А. "The Special Aspects of the Contemporary Architecture Development in Beirut". СОВРЕМЕННАЯ АРХИТЕКТУРА МИРА, n. 2(11) (4 febbraio 2020): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25995/niitiag.2019.11.2.019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Статья посвящена особенностям развития современной архитектуры Бейрута. Город, имеющий древнюю историю, в XX веке пережил несколько значительных событий, повлиявших на его дальнейшее развитие: распад Османской империи, влияние Франции, затем период расцвета и гражданскую войну, которую удалось остановить только в 1990-е годы. Несмотря на страшные разрушения, город сумел за короткое время не только почти полностью восстановиться, но и стать привлекательной территорией для ведущих архитекторов мира. В статье рассматриваются различные типы построек: отели, жилые комплексы, религиозные сооружения. Это реализованные проекты Н. Фостера, З. Хадид, Жака Херцога, Пьера де Мёрона и других архитекторов, которые позволили сформировать образ современной столицы Ливана и определить вектор его развития не только на ближайшие годы, но и на несколько десятилетий вперед. The article is devoted to the specifics of the contemporary architecture development in Beirut. In the 20century the city of a very old history endured several major events that affected its further development: the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the dominance of France and then the heyday and civil war, which was stopped only in the 90s. Despite the terrible destruction, the city managed not only to recover almost completely in a short time, but also to become an attractive territory for the leading architects of the world. Different types of buildings are analyzed in the article: hotels, residential complexes, religious buildings. These are the completed projects by N. Foster, Z. Hadid, Jacques Herzog, Pierre de Meuron and other architects, which formed the image of the modern capital of Lebanon and determined the vector of its development not only as long as the nearest years, but for several decades ahead.
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Shaery-Eisenlohr, Roschanack. "POSTREVOLUTIONARY IRAN AND SHIءI LEBANON: CONTESTED HISTORIES OF SHIءI TRANSNATIONALISM". International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, n. 2 (maggio 2007): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807070109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2002 the Cultural Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Beirut invited Mehdi Chamran to visit Lebanon. Chamran's late brother, Mustafa, was a member of an anti-Pahlavi opposition movement with bases in Lebanon from 1970 to 1979. During his visit, Chamran was to meet several Lebanese Shiءi personalities and to visit Shiءa-run institutions in South Lebanon, including institutions affiliated with the Lebanese Shiءi political party Amal (Afwaj al-Muqawama al-Lubnaniyya), which is headed by the current speaker of the Lebanese Parliament, Nabih Berri, in order to speak about his late brother. In fact, many of the Lebanese Shiءa attending the speech had personally known Mustafa. He had, after all, offered military training to many active in Lebanon's first Shiءi militia, which subsequently became the Amal movement. On February 15, at the Nabih Berri Cultural Complex (Mujammaʿ Nabih Berri al-Thaqafi), in Tallat al-Radar, a town near Nabatiyya, in South Lebanon, Chamran began a speech by reading passages from his brother's letters and notes from 1973 that described the political atmosphere in South Lebanon amid Israeli military attacks. Chamran went on to discuss the relationship between the Islamic Revolution and Lebanese Shiءa, emphasizing the theme of closeness and unity. For a moment, as he read these passages, Chamran implied that Iranian and Lebanese Shiءa had been moving back and forth for centuries between their respective countries and hence were what one scholar calls “distant relations.”
42
Al-Hajj, Samar, Majed El Hechi, Mohamad Chahrour, Sarah H. Farran e Haytham Kaafarani. "Factors affecting road safety compliance in a low- and middle-income country: An observational study from Lebanon". PLOS Global Public Health 2, n. 3 (28 marzo 2022): e0000154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000154.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Road traffic injury is a major public health problem in Lebanon. This study aims to assess compliance with safety measures including seatbelt and helmet use in adults and children, and the prevalence of distracted driving among road users across Lebanon different governorates. It further aims to investigate predictors of compliance with seatbelt and helmet use. A cross-sectional observational field study was conducted at multiple governorates in Lebanon. Data collected included information on vehicles, road users and passengers. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify trends in compliance with safety measures and distracted driving, and predictors of compliance. A total of 13,790 road users were observed. The rate of seatbelt and helmet use were 37.4% and 38.9%, respectively, among adults. Distracted behavior was present in 23.7% of car drivers and 22.8% of motorcyles adult riders. Compliance with seatbelt use was lower outside the capital city Beirut [OR = 5.236 (4.566–6.004), P <0.001], in males [OR = 1.688 (1.52–1.874), P <0.001], in drivers of taxi/vans [OR = 1.929 (1.71–2.175), P <0.001] or trucks [OR = 3.014 (2.434–3.732), P <0.001], and vehicles of lower price [OR = 3.291 (2.836–3.819), P <0.001]. Children vehicle passengers were 87.9% while motorcycles pillion riders were 12.1%. The rates for child car restraint and helmet use were 25.8% and 20.1%, respectively. Predictors of failure to use a child restraint system in vehicles were the youngest age group (0–5 years) [OR = 2.06, CI (1.40–3.02), P<0.001], sitting in the back seat [OR = 1.56, CI (1.09–2.23), P<0.001], ridding in the afternoon [OR = 1.43, CI (1.05–1.94), P = 0.02], and being outside Beirut [OR = 2.12, CI (1.41–3.17), P<0.00]. Public awareness efforts and better enforcement of road safety legislations are needed to increase the alarmingly low rates of compliance with safety measures and safeguard lives on the road.
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Fawaz, Mona. "The Politics of Property in Planning: Hezbollah's Reconstruction of Haret Hreik (Beirut, Lebanon) as Case Study". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38, n. 3 (17 febbraio 2014): 922–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12114.
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Exacoustou, Myrto (Petunia). "Doxiadis and His Legacy: Retrospective of the Lebanon Case - From Sketch to Stretch". Ekistics and the new habitat 82, n. 1 (6 giugno 2023): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e2022821656.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1957-8 Doxiadis Associates undertook the National Housing Project of Lebanon, a fast-track national development plan created in response to the imperative to house large parts of the population living in inadequate conditions. This national reconstruction plan is indicative of a heroic period of planning post-WWII. The legacy of CIAM - the Congrès internationaux d'architecture moderne (1928-1959) – had been the spawning of modern movements, including Doxiadis’ newly born theory of Ekistics, that envisioned national scale development while furthering US hegemony in the cold war era. The National Housing Project of Lebanon arose in this context, and Doxiadis’ approach would distinguish him from his contemporaries. Consisting of a “sketching” phase involving data collection using diaries featuring photographic depictions and 500 sketches from 2.500 human settlements in Lebanon, and a “stretching” phase resulting in proposals for immediate implementation, specifically, housing schemes at the periphery of Beirut, Doxiadis’ approach was distinctive for mixing different functions to enhance social encounter, for grounding future typologies in existing localities, and for prioritizing community-sensitive planning by insisting on the importance of human scale. Unfortunately, political changes after the plan’s submission in May 1958 lead to its eventual abandonment, and problems in the wider area still prevail. The persistence in the region of violent conflicts, population flows, and the destruction of cities that leave the poorest living in slums and camps suggests that the planning strategies proposed by Doxiadis and his contemporaries did not fail, but instead, reveal the complex nature of the planning process itself, including its susceptibility to political forces. As such, the National Housing Project of Lebanon and other unrealized initiatives offer a rich resource for understanding the problems of human settlements which remain with us today.
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Al-Hagla, Khalid S. "Evaluating new urbanism's walkability performance: A comprehensive approach to assessment in Saifi Village, Beirut, Lebanon". URBAN DESIGN International 14, n. 3 (agosto 2009): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/udi.2009.8.
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Khneisser, Mona. "The Specter of ‘Politics’ and Ghosts of ‘Alternatives’ Past: Lebanese ‘Civil Society’ and the Antinomies of Contemporary Politics". Critical Sociology 46, n. 3 (12 aprile 2019): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920519830756.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Lebanese scene has witnessed important developments since the onset of the garbage crisis, particularly in the translation of ‘civil society’ activism and political disaffection into ‘alternative’ realms of political mobilization and participation. The social movement scene witnessed for the first time on such a large scale the multiplication of campaigns denouncing the political order. However, groups’ contending strategic and ideological orientations raised tensions between tendencies hoping to focus singularly on the garbage crisis and others hoping to place the crisis within its larger structural context. The Hirak’s (movement) inability to affect change compelled several activists towards reformist agendas through the electoral process and logic of gradual ‘change from within.’ The most prominent electoral initiative sought to reclaim the city and representative politics under the name (‘Beirut, My City’). The municipal electoral campaign, however, sidelined contentious political issues and structural inequalities vested in the city in favor of an accommodating developmental programe. Following months of deliberation, Beirut Madinati decided to ‘remain at the local level’, while some of its members joined force with other groups to form nationwide parliamentary electoral alliances, alongside a nascent ‘political party experiment,’ Sabaa (Seven). Exploring the recent developments in ‘alternative’ collective action in Lebanon, this research makes use of a content analysis of Facebook campaigning posts and interview data to study actors’ contending relations to ‘the political.’ The research concludes that rather than reconcile citizens with political participation, nascent groups that claim to represent ‘alternatives’ to the ‘corrupt’ political parties and sectarian political order, instead advance a consensual understanding of politics and social change that is more techno-moral and less contentious.
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Harb, Mona, Ali Kassem e Watfa Najdi. "Entrepreneurial Refugees and the City: Brief Encounters in Beirut". Journal of Refugee Studies 32, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2018): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey003.
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Falk, Richard. "Rethinking the Palestinian Future". Journal of Palestine Studies 42, n. 4 (2013): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2013.42.4.73.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This essay is the revised text of the Constantine Zurayk Memorial Lecture, delivered by the author at the Institute of Palestine Studies in Beirut, Lebanon on 25 April 2013. This essay considers the Palestinian future by complicating the realities of the status quo in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the role of the international community, and the realities of being a person in solidarity. The author posits moving beyond looking at the Palestinian future from the perspective of horizons of feasibility and need, which have been defined by non-Palestinians, to a horizon of desire and vision crafted by Palestinians that encourages a re-imagination of positive solutions.
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Rafferty, Michael. "Relational Urbanisation, Resilience, Revolution: Beirut as a Relational City?" Urban Planning 7, n. 1 (23 febbraio 2022): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i1.4798.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The destruction of Beirut’s port and large areas of the inner city following the August 2020 explosion occurred amid (and has exacerbated) an unprecedented national economic and social crisis portending another potential phase of urban “reconstruction” and a national political revolution. Critical scholars have highlighted the shortcomings of urban planning and governance in the city after the Lebanese civil war, particularly in terms of housing, infrastructure, and social inequalities, especially between the urban core and periphery. Beirut’s post-war reconstruction(s), guided by blended-scale governance (i.e., public/private, confessional/political, national/local) and a real estate-oriented growth model have neither managed to completely restore nor efface the city’s erstwhile status as an entrepôt of regional and international economic, cultural, and political importance but have instigated processes of rapid urbanisation and uneven development. These processes, historical trajectories, political and socio-economic dialectics, and shifts in urban political economy render Beirut relevant to the nascent empirical category of “relational cities,” i.e., cities whose geographical-historical profiles position them as urban nodes connecting regional-global-national systems of flows under globalised capitalism. This article positions Beirut in the context of the debate on relational urbanisation for empirical exploration, and also points to the evental possibilities for alternative geographies that flow from the October 2019 protests.
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Samaha, Petra, e Amer Mohtar. "Decoding an urban myth: An inquiry into the Van line 4 system in Beirut, Lebanon". Journal of Transport Geography 85 (maggio 2020): 102743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102743.
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