Tesi sul tema "Cinéma – États-Unis – 1945-1960"
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Hollander, Régine. "L'image de la société américaine dans les films à succès de Hollywood, 1985-1994". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040112.
Testo completoWhat image of American society does Hollywood project? To answer this question, 99 blockbusters, produced between 1985 and 1994, have been analysed for their genre, their tone and their themes, all of which are drawn from the fads, myths and tends of thought which characterize America at the end of this century. Indigenous American genres, such as the western, the cartoon, or the musical, have been grafted onto others, creating a new identity for commercial films which directly addresses the audience's collective unconscious. The plots increasingly depart from the rational and venture into the supernatural and a fictional world of science. Spiralling around the personality of a central actor who provides his interpretation of the classic American hero. The tone of these films attempts to be realistic. The vocabulary is usually colloquial and often profane. Violence is graphic, sex explicit, though prefrontal or total nudity seldom makes an appearance. One could easily conclude that censorship has all but disappeared. However, it has merely taken another form: the unswerving observance of the tacit rules governing the politically-correct American society. The identity crisis in the United States, which followed the post-war years of economic prosperity and the defeat in Vietnam, are reflected in Hollywood’s blockbusters. These films reveal the fission of the nuclear family, and the incessant duel between solitary heroes and corrupt or ineffectual social and political institutions. The right to succeed and the pursuit of happiness are accompanied by societal duties, such as the defence of democratic principles. A determined individual who believes in god, America and himself, always defeats evil. The deformed image of American society projected on the screen by the blockbusters bears testimony to the fact that the American dream, in all its mythical splendour, is alive and well, and thriving in Hollywood
Strohm, Claire. "La France et le cinéma américain (1945-1960)". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082606.
Testo completoGenet, Sophie. "Adolescence et cinéma : l'Amérique des années cinquante". Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0099.
Testo completoThe arguments developed in this thesis lean on cinematographics data and analyse how the phenomenon of adolescence appeared, simultaneously, in the american pictures and society of the fifties. Our general approach is based on two initial points : - the first one may be qualified as historical. It concerns the shocks endured by the american society when the wild one (1953), blackboard jungle or rebel without a cause (both in 1935) were projected. Effectively, these movies proposed an original vision of american youth, for they showed the violent and desorganised universe of an active and, up to this date, ignored social group. - the second point is sociological and must be related to the way that movies builded up the archetype and the stereotype of adolescence. Studying the passage from the pictures on adolescence to the pictures for adolescents, we explored the elaboration of a critical social thought
Sanpere, Charlotte. "La désillusion dans le mélodrame et le film noir américain des années quarante et cinquante". Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030116.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to a socio-historical approach to cinema through a study of american film noir of the 1940s and 1950s, and of melodrama as a genre. The use by film noir of the melodramatic model is presented as a means of projecting a commentary, a point of view, which characterizes a set of meanings through which a society attempted to describe itself. Two specific qualities of film noire are singled out : its reference to a narrative genre (melodrama) and its expression of a particular feeling (disillusion). Melodrama is distinguished by multiple representations in time and space which remain linked to a specific formal core that determines its own relatively stable ideological content. Film noir, in using certain melodramatic figures and themes, assigns to them a different function. Disillusion is defined by freud, and allows two observation : the expression of a concept of the other (a relationship which is implied through the figure of the double and through repetition), and a specific disposition, created by the feeling of disillusion, toward belief
Goualle, Laurent. "Le drame judiciaire ou la représentation du procès dans le cinéma américain". Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030049.
Testo completoBenjamin, Anne. "La fiction cinématographique : stratégies d'́implication et d'orientation du spectateur : l' exemple du cinéma américain des années quarante et cinquante". Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030032.
Testo completoThe main aim of the classical fiction film is to make the spectator cling to some values which come from the society in which the film is produced. The film leads the spectator to express those social values in actual life. The question is to involve the spectator in the film and to make him stick to these values. The implication will be achieved through the introduction of the fictitious experience in the field of the possible and reproductible experience. The orientation will be actual through the orientation of the character's desires and by the emphasis put on the attraction for these values
Duclaux, Véronique. "Effondrement des valeurs ou crise de générations ? : l'évolution du cinéma américain depuis la Deuxième Guerre mondiale". Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030034.
Testo completoAfter the second world war and the closing of the frontier, the american movies echoed the identity crisis which shook the country and reconsidered values. The had traditionally conveyed. In the fifties and the sixties, the cinema's infrastructure was altered; the medium developed themes which illustrated the society's ill-being (stressing the youth rebellion) and tried out a new kind of writing which reflected the general incoherence of the time. Increased by the viet nam war, this crisis came to a "pseude" resolution in the eighties
Sill, Bärbel. "Le star system, du cinéma hollywoodien classique (1930-1960) à sa renaissance dans les années 80". Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030090.
Testo completoThe history of the American star system has given rise to a myth: the system's death around 1960. Even though it really is nothing else but a myth, certain theorists and journalists continue to pretend that the star system does not exist anymore. A new conceptualization of the term « star system » proposes a solution to this conflict: one that distinguishes between a « classical star system » and a « neo-star system ». Another central aspect linked to the phenomenon is: the relation between fashion and beauty on the one hand, and the function of the star system on the other. In dealing with the star as a « fashion and beauty system » as related to the American star system, it is obvious that this system necessarily continues to exist after the 60s
Letort, Delphine. "Du film noir au néo-noir : mythes et stéréotypes en représentation : (1941-2001)". Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20020.
Testo completoClassical Hollywood narratives are characterized by a set of conventions which film noir shattered as it emerged in the 1940s. Not only did the newly born genre disrespect the realist effect that ruled representation in classical films while playing upon mise en scene, but it also proved quite subversive as far as content is concerned. It relied on a series of stereotypes (the femme is fatale while the hero is hardboiled) that need to be recognized and analyzed in order to understand why film noir was closely watched by censorship. No doubt the political power of film noir was enhanced by its narrative structure and its mode of representation, implicitly referring to mythological narratives and figures, which the film industry also endowed with a commercial purpose. Film noir plays on the expressionist quality of black and white in order to express the ambiguity of desires leading individuals to the margins of crime, thus emphasizing that instabilities of gender were already incipient in the forties. Violence has pervaded the genre while laying stress on the urban crisis and expressing the psychological conflicts undermining the individual's sense of identity. The study of crime and violence in film noir and neo-film noir allows us to understand how modernity and postmodernity have affected the relationship of the individual to his environment and to himself. Film noir echoes the troubles caused by the transformation of society into a modern world whereas neo-film reflects the social and identity crisis triggered by a postmodern state and a new cultural and economic order. Postmodern aesthetics questions the rules of cinematic representation while deconstructing the genre, thus demystifying the American set of values vulgarized by Hollywood films and cinema itself
Nacache, Jacqueline. "Ellipses et figures elliptiques dans le film hollywoodien classique". Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030165.
Testo completoThe american films made under the studio system, from the coming of sound to the end of the 1950s, represent an exceptional aesthetic group ; to undertake the history of the rhetorical arrangements which are at work in this group is to try to understand, beyond often-incomplete economic, psychological or social explanations, the lasting fascination exerted by the great hollywood models. The study of ellipsis represents a forward step in this enterprise. Ellipsis, a key element both of language and of literary narration, is also a keystone to the rhetorical narrative of any film, and even more so within hollywood film-making, which displays a natural ability to shape an elliptical world vision. This vision will be treated, first, through analyses of four variations on the classic temporal ellipsis : the narrative structure of melodrama, the + montage sequence ; or summary, the overture, and, finally, the ellipsis as it shelters a wide range of physical and psychological character metamorphoses. The second group of analyses considers the larger subject of the elliptical work as it affects the representation of space and of the actor, as well as the style of film-makers known for their sense of abbreviation. The ellipsis governs not only the efficiency of the narration but also its moral weight. Thus studying the elliptical influence represented by the production code means reflecting upon that which was at play in the crucial dramatic articulations of the sexual moment and the mortal moment, the capture of which, either in images or non-images, expresses in many ways an option that is not only ideological but also philosophical
Bas, Pierre. "Les interrelations entre le monde réel et le monde du fantasme dans le classicisme hollywoodien". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA088.
Testo completoThrough classical Hollywood cinema, one can explore the broad variety of meanings that the concept of reality has in cinema: fragments of recorded reality material, the ontological realism that is attached to it, the narrative reality that constitutes the universe of films, and the philosophical reality that transports the viewer back to his own self by sharing the experience of characters with whom he identifies. Through the instrumentalisation of these relative realities, Hollywood creates a new form of narrative that nourishes literature, myths and psychoanalysis, and help spread a common cultural background to all Americans. Because cinematographic reality is not what the audience believes it is, it is naturally linked with dream and fantasy, justifying thoughts on their inter-relationships and on the dynamics of the transformation of cinematographic art that is played out in these inter-relationships.Subjects of the imagination and desire of filmmakers, the worlds created by Hollywood merely have the appearance of our world. This even encompasses inner worlds, whose doors will be opened to us through the representation of dreams, creating a hybridity between reality, dream and fantasy. But a doubt will be created in the spectator, who has been made to believe equally in dreams, fantasy and reality, and this doubt will jeopardize the "suspension of disbelief" that has made Hollywood successful, ultimately contributing to the end of classicism; the dream having contaminated fiction
Natali, Maurizia. "Le paysage dans le cinéma classique américain : définition et fonctionnement de l'image-paysage et de ses ressemblances intertextuelles : analyse d'un détail énigmatique de "Duel in the sun" de K. Vidor et des décors modernistes d'Alfred Hitchcock". Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030122.
Testo completoCinematographic landscape is always as an intricated image witch has important and profound links with the other arts of the image (peinting, photography, etc. ); the concept of image-landscape is the definition of cinema like a production of visual intertexts and not only like a "narrateur" (teller) of plots. In american classics authors the analysis of landscape shots shows the iconological layers of the film text and the culture of landscape as "country" and "tows". Movies appear like the retourned difference of iconological questions into a visual art which is mostly popular (western, melodrame, thriller)
Bousquet, Franck. "Hollywood et l'idéal national : de la démocratie de l'homme du peuple à la technocratie". Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20062.
Testo completoCinema here is considered as a social event and as a cultural product liable to convey ideological stances. Moreover, as regards the United States, an intimate connection between film and nation emerges from the very story of the country. It has therefore been a matter of determining whether, during two transition decades, the 30's and the 90's, Hollywood developed an homogeneous vision of the national ideal. Thus, in spite of the existence of numerous debates concerning the form of the federal state or the definition of citizenship, the democracy of the common man seems to have been raised to the status of a political and social absolute by the cinema of the 30's. In the same manner, although they are often described as devoid of any thematic or stylistic coherence, Hollywood movies from the last decade of the XXth century have actually proved to be conveying a unified picture of the ideal society, perfectly defined by the typical ideal characteristics of a technocratic model
Loiseau, Elise. "Théâtralité de la scène de folie dans l'oeuvre de John Cassavetes et Martin Scorsese". Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030069.
Testo completoIn their films, John Cassavetes and Martin Scorsese portray madness in opposite ways: exuberant affectivity for the former, and mental isolation and destructive impulse for the latter. The representation of madness embeds in the filmic image a specific theatricality, which this thesis explores more in depth.One can produce theatricality in a film firstly by working on the space itself, whose dimensions are reconfigured to match those of a stage and is freed of the elements of realism traditionally associated with cinema. The focus is turned fully on the actor who embodies characters that are hysterical (Cassavetes) or histrionic (Scorsese). The staging (or mise en scene) of these personality disorders, intimately linked to the gaze of the other and to superexpressivity, injects theatricality into the filmic image. However, this intensity, or even violence, makes madness a problematic object of representation. When the image is fascinating, it alienates the gaze of the viewer who can no longer think (reflect on?) about the performance. That’s when another dimension of theatricality intervenes, as a way to free the viewer’s gaze. Both filmmakers, with Cassavetes paving the way, have in their own specific ways, attempted to invest independent American cinema with a capacity for emancipation in the face of a medium whose power they only knew too well
Küffer, Manon. "La Guerre Froide vue par Hollywood : Berlin au prisme des rapports sociaux de genre (1945-1961)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2024_0181_KUFFER_diff.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on a handful of Hollywood films set in Berlin (Berlin-Films) in the early years of the Cold War, from the end of World War II (1945) to the construction of the Berlin Wall (1961). In this thesis, theoretical emphasis is placed on the perspective these films provide on the Cold War, a period marked by ideological and political tensions and conflicts between the United States and the USSR (and their respective allies). The Cold War will be examined here through the lens of gender studies, specifically analyzing the gender-based social relations within the city of Berlin, symbolizing the defeat of Nazi Germany and the vision of a future denazified, demilitarized, decentralized, deindustrialized, and democratized Germany (as advocated by the Potsdam Conference in 1945). Berlin is also portrayed as significantly feminized and under American influence. In other words, this thesis aims to analyze the sensitivity of Hollywood cinema (but also West and East German films) to the upheavals induced in the field of gender and family social relations by the Cold War and external factors such as production, distribution, reception, commercial, diplomatic, and historical considerations. Even though they provide undeniable documentary features for the American moviegoers of that time (to whom these films were primarily addressed) regarding Germany's defeat, the reception of these Berlin-Films, both by the press and the spectators, seems divided between a desire for realism and a wish to escape daily life. Many critics have often criticized these films for reducing U.S./Germany international relations to a set of invariants or a collection of stereotypes. Transforming a political conflict into a romantic one, the GI/Fräulein couple becomes an allegory of international relations. However, rethinking the victory of the United-States (or the defeat of Germany) through the lens of gender relations allows us to reconsider the traditional stereotyped victor/vanquished antagonism and its evolutions studied by historians such as Michaela Hoenicke Moore or Brian Etheridge. These runaway romances set abroad, in a perpetual quest for realism, thus help the Americans negotiate the reorientation of a story centered on World War II and Nazism to one focused on the Cold War and Communism. They exemplify the ideological transformation of the American relationship with their former adversaries (from enemies to allies), a transformation illustrated by characters with damaged, fluctuating and unstable identities, especially among female protagonists in the Berlin-Films
Pillard, Thomas. "Négociations identitaires : le film noir français face aux bouleversements de la France d’après-guerre (1946-1960)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100066.
Testo completoAlthough the term « film noir » is generally associated with Hollywood cinema, this generic label was originally coined in France in reference to French films made in the 1930s, and the « noir » genre defines a transnational form which circulated between Europe and Hollywood. We intend to study « noir » films in French cinema through this lens, highlighting that the genre is rooted in an old French tradition. Our analysis of the evolution of French film noir foregrounds historical and cultural aspects, positing that film noir articulates a critical discourse on modernity. This doctoral thesis shows that the « noir » form underwent changes which evidenced the ambivalence of identity in a nation in transition between 1946 and 1960, that had to negotiate the cultural shift from Occupation to the Consumer society : the « noir realism » cycle expressed a strong pessimism that has nostalgic, masculinist and nationalist implications, in opposition to the « série noire pour rire » which illustrated a playful reappropriation of History and modernity ; last but not least, gangster films built on the contrast between older characters, marked by the burdens of war, and contemporary mutations, including the development of the American way of life in France. Through its diversity, French film noir reveals the contradictions of post-war French society : the country was keen to dive into the future but obsessed with its traumatic past ; in part seduced by the « American model », it was however determined to keep its « French identity »
Bouarour, Sabrina. "Les masculinités dans les films musicaux et les mélodrames de Jacques Demy et Vincente Minnelli". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA145.
Testo completoThis thesis explores masculinities as a multidisciplinary field for thinking power relations. By connecting musical films and melodramas by Jacques Demy and Vincente Minnelli, this work examines male performances in the post-war context. This period of social transformations has given rise to the emergence of a transatlantic film culture that questions and challenges normsrelated to gender and sexuality. Articulating aesthetic and cultural studies approaches, the study of mise en scène brings to light the production of ambivalent gendered discourses, historicized according to the specific socio-cultural aspect of Hollywood and French film production environments. Musical films and melodramas, through their camp aesthetics, reveal themselvesas spaces of identity negotiation where an unprecedented rapport with politics is constructed. Both filmmakers, united by their similar melodramatic style, imagine and dream about models of alternative masculinities based on empathic values. In front of the camera, vulnerability, emotions and strong feelings become political weapons to refound and reinvent the community