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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cilia and ciliary motion"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cilia and ciliary motion"

1

Dong, Xiaoguang, Guo Zhan Lum, Wenqi Hu, Rongjing Zhang, Ziyu Ren, Patrick R. Onck e Metin Sitti. "Bioinspired cilia arrays with programmable nonreciprocal motion and metachronal coordination". Science Advances 6, n. 45 (novembre 2020): eabc9323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc9323.

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Coordinated nonreciprocal dynamics in biological cilia is essential to many living systems, where the emergentmetachronal waves of cilia have been hypothesized to enhance net fluid flows at low Reynolds numbers (Re). Experimental investigation of this hypothesis is critical but remains challenging. Here, we report soft miniature devices with both ciliary nonreciprocal motion and metachronal coordination and use them to investigate the quantitative relationship between metachronal coordination and the induced fluid flow. We found that only antiplectic metachronal waves with specific wave vectors could enhance fluid flows compared with the synchronized case. These findings further enable various bioinspired cilia arrays with unique functionalities of pumping and mixing viscous synthetic and biological complex fluids at low Re. Our design method and developed soft miniature devices provide unprecedented opportunities for studying ciliary biomechanics and creating cilia-inspired wireless microfluidic pumping, object manipulation and lab- and organ-on-a-chip devices, mobile microrobots, and bioengineering systems.

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2

Sears, Patrick R., Kristin Thompson, Michael R. Knowles e C. William Davis. "Human airway ciliary dynamics". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 304, n. 3 (1 febbraio 2013): L170—L183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00105.2012.

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Airway cilia depend on precise changes in shape to transport the mucus gel overlying mucosal surfaces. The ciliary motion can be recorded in several planes using video microscopy. However, cilia are densely packed, and automated computerized systems are not available to convert these ciliary shape changes into forms that are useful for testing theoretical models of ciliary function. We developed a system for converting planar ciliary motions recorded by video microscopy into an empirical quantitative model, which is easy to use in validating mathematical models, or in examining ciliary function, e.g., in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The system we developed allows the manipulation of a model cilium superimposed over a video of beating cilia. Data were analyzed to determine shear angles and velocity vectors of points along the cilium. Extracted waveforms were used to construct a composite waveform, which could be used as a standard. Variability was measured as the mean difference in position of points on individual waveforms and the standard. The shapes analyzed were the end-recovery, end-effective, and fastest moving effective and recovery with mean (± SE) differences of 0.31(0.04), 0.25(0.06), 0.50(0.12), 0.50(0.10), μm, respectively. In contrast, the same measures for three different PCD waveforms had values far outside this range.

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3

Valentine, Megan, e Judith Van Houten. "Using Paramecium as a Model for Ciliopathies". Genes 12, n. 10 (24 settembre 2021): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101493.

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Paramecium has served as a model organism for the studies of many aspects of genetics and cell biology: non-Mendelian inheritance, genome duplication, genome rearrangements, and exocytosis, to name a few. However, the large number and patterning of cilia that cover its surface have inspired extraordinary ultrastructural work. Its swimming patterns inspired exquisite electrophysiological studies that led to a description of the bioelectric control of ciliary motion. A genetic dissection of swimming behavior moved the field toward the genes and gene products underlying ciliary function. With the advent of molecular technologies, it became clear that there was not only great conservation of ciliary structure but also of the genes coding for ciliary structure and function. It is this conservation and the legacy of past research that allow us to use Paramecium as a model for cilia and ciliary diseases called ciliopathies. However, there would be no compelling reason to study Paramecium as this model if there were no new insights into cilia and ciliopathies to be gained. In this review, we present studies that we believe will do this. For example, while the literature continues to state that immotile cilia are sensory and motile cilia are not, we will provide evidence that Paramecium cilia are clearly sensory. Other examples show that while a Paramecium protein is highly conserved it takes a different interacting partner or conducts a different ion than expected. Perhaps these exceptions will provoke new ideas about mammalian systems.

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4

Vanaki, Shayan M., David Holmes, Pahala Gedara Jayathilake e Richard Brown. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Periciliary Liquid Layer: Ciliary Abnormalities in Respiratory Diseases". Applied Sciences 9, n. 19 (26 settembre 2019): 4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194033.

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Human pulmonary epithelial cells are protected by two layers of fluid—the outer watery periciliary liquid layer (PCL) and the uppermost non-Newtonian mucus layer (ML). Aerosols and inhaled toxic particles are trapped by the ML which must then be removed swiftly to avoid adverse health implications. Epithelial cells are covered with cilia that beat rapidly within the PCL. Such ciliary motion drives the mucus transport. Although cilia can penetrate slightly inside the mucus to assist mucus movement, the motion of the underlying PCL layer within the airway surface liquid (ASL) is significant in mucus and pathogens transport. As such, a detailed parametric study of the influence of different abnormal cilia characteristics, such as low beating frequency, short length, abnormal beating pattern, reduced ciliary density, and epithelium patchiness due to missing cilia on the PCL transport, is carried out numerically. Such abnormalities are found in various chronic respiratory diseases. In addition, the shear stress at the epithelium is assessed due to the importance of shear stress on the epithelial function. Using the immersed boundary (IB) method combined with the finite-difference projection method, we found that the PCL, under standard healthy conditions, has net forward motion but that different diseased conditions decrease the forward motion of the PCL, as is expected based on clinical understanding.

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5

Sher Akbar, Noreen, e Z. H. Khan. "Heat transfer analysis of bi-viscous ciliary motion fluid". International Journal of Biomathematics 08, n. 02 (25 febbraio 2015): 1550026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524515500266.

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The impulsion system of cilia motion is deliberated by biviscosity fluid model. The problem of two-dimensional motion of biviscosity fluid privileged in a symmetric channel with ciliated walls is considered. The features of ciliary structures are resolute by the supremacy of viscous effects above inertial possessions by the long-wavelength and low Reynolds approximation. Closed-form solutions for the longitudinal pressure gradient, temperature and velocities are obtained. The pressure gradient and volume flow rate for different values of the biviscosity are also premeditated. The flow possessions for the biviscosity fluid resolute as a function of the cilia and metachronal wave velocity.

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6

Yu, Yanan, Kyosuke Shinohara, Huanming Xu, Zhenfeng Li, Tomoki Nishida, Hiroshi Hamada, Yuanqing Xu et al. "The Motion of An Inv Nodal Cilium: a Realistic Model Revealing Dynein-Driven Ciliary Motion with Microtubule Mislocalization". Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 51, n. 6 (2018): 2843–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000496038.

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Background/Aims: Nodal cilia that rotate in the ventral node play an important role in establishing left-right asymmetry during embryogenesis; however, inv mutant cilia present abnormal movement and induce laterality defects. The mechanism of their motility, which is regulated by dynein activation and microtubule arrangement, has not been fully understood. This study analyzed the dynein-triggered ciliary motion in the abnormal ultrastructure of the inv mutant, aiming to quantitatively evaluate the influence of microtubule mislocalization on the movement of the cilium. Methods: We established a realistic 3-D model of an inv mutant cilium with an ultrastructure based on tomographic datasets generated by ultra-high voltage electron microscopy. The time-variant activation of the axonemal dynein force was simulated by pairs of point loads and embedded at dynein-mounted positions between adjacent microtubule doublets in this mathematical model. Utilizing the finite element method and deformable grid, the motility of the mutant cilium that is induced by various dynein activation hypotheses was investigated and compared to experimental observation. Results: The results indicate that for the inv mutant, simulations of the ciliary movement with the engagement of dyneins based on the distance-controlled pattern in the partially activation scenario are broadly consistent with the observation; the shortening of the microtubules induces smaller movement amplitudes, while the angles of the mislocalized microtubules affect the pattern of the ciliary movement, and during the ciliary movement, the microtubules swing and twist in the mutant ciliary body. Conclusion: More generally, this study implies that dynein engagement is sensitive to subtle geometric changes in the axoneme, and thus, this geometry greatly influences the integrity of a well-formed ciliary rotation.

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7

Flaherty, Justin, Zhe Feng, Zhangli Peng, Y. N. Young e Andrew Resnick. "Primary cilia have a length-dependent persistence length". Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 19, n. 2 (9 settembre 2019): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-019-01220-7.

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Abstract The fluctuating position of an optically trapped cilium tip under untreated and Taxol-treated conditions was used to characterize mechanical properties of the cilium axoneme and its basal body by combining experimental, analytical, and computational tools. We provide, for the first time, evidence that the persistence length of a ciliary axoneme is length-dependent; longer cilia are stiffer than shorter cilia. We demonstrate that this apparent length dependence can be understood by a combination of modeling axonemal microtubules as anisotropic elastic shells and including actomyosin-driven stochastic basal body motion. Our results also demonstrate the possibility of using observable ciliary dynamics to probe interior cytoskeletal dynamics. It is hoped that our improved characterization of cilia will result in deeper understanding of the biological function of cellular flow sensing by this organelle.

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8

Sareh, Sina, Jonathan Rossiter, Andrew Conn, Knut Drescher e Raymond E. Goldstein. "Swimming like algae: biomimetic soft artificial cilia". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, n. 78 (6 gennaio 2013): 20120666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0666.

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Cilia are used effectively in a wide variety of biological systems from fluid transport to thrust generation. Here, we present the design and implementation of artificial cilia, based on a biomimetic planar actuator using soft-smart materials. This actuator is modelled on the cilia movement of the alga Volvox , and represents the cilium as a piecewise constant-curvature robotic actuator that enables the subsequent direct translation of natural articulation into a multi-segment ionic polymer metal composite actuator. It is demonstrated how the combination of optimal segmentation pattern and biologically derived per-segment driving signals reproduce natural ciliary motion. The amenability of the artificial cilia to scaling is also demonstrated through the comparison of the Reynolds number achieved with that of natural cilia.

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9

Peabody, Jacelyn E., Ren-Jay Shei, Brent M. Bermingham, Scott E. Phillips, Brett Turner, Steven M. Rowe e George M. Solomon. "Seeing cilia: imaging modalities for ciliary motion and clinical connections". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 314, n. 6 (1 giugno 2018): L909—L921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00556.2017.

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The respiratory tract is lined with multiciliated epithelial cells that function to move mucus and trapped particles via the mucociliary transport apparatus. Genetic and acquired ciliopathies result in diminished mucociliary clearance, contributing to disease pathogenesis. Recent innovations in imaging technology have advanced our understanding of ciliary motion in health and disease states. Application of imaging modalities including transmission electron microscopy, high-speed video microscopy, and micron-optical coherence tomography could improve diagnostics and be applied for precision medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of ciliary motion, imaging modalities, and ciliopathic diseases of the respiratory system including primary ciliary dyskinesia, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

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10

Ito, Hiroaki, Toshihiro Omori e Takuji Ishikawa. "Swimming mediated by ciliary beating: comparison with a squirmer model". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 874 (12 luglio 2019): 774–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.490.

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The squirmer model of Lighthill and Blake has been widely used to analyse swimming ciliates. However, real ciliates are covered by hair-like organelles, called cilia; the differences between the squirmer model and real ciliates remain unclear. Here, we developed a ciliate model incorporating the distinct ciliary apparatus, and analysed motion using a boundary element–slender-body coupling method. This methodology allows us to accurately calculate hydrodynamic interactions between cilia and the cell body under free-swimming conditions. Results showed that an antiplectic metachronal wave was optimal in the swimming speed with various cell-body aspect ratios, which is consistent with former theoretical studies. Exploiting oblique wave propagation, we reproduced a helical trajectory, like Paramecium, although the cell body was spherical. We confirmed that the swimming velocity of model ciliates was well represented by the squirmer model. However, squirmer modelling outside the envelope failed to estimate the energy costs of swimming; over 90 % of energy was dissipated inside the ciliary envelope. The optimal swimming efficiency was given by the antiplectic wave; the value was 6.7 times larger than in-phase beating. Our findings provide a fundamental basis for modelling swimming micro-organisms.

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Tesi sul tema "Cilia and ciliary motion"

1

Overgaard, Christian Edmund Yeaman Charles. "Deciliation dramatically alters epithelial function". [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/416.

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2

Xu, Qiang, e 徐强. "Modeling the deformation of primary cilium". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47250008.

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In this thesis we developed a new mechanics model of the primary cilium and analyzed its bending behavior. The primary cilium that extends from the cell surface can detect the mechanical signals of the surrounding environment. Moreover, through its deflection and bending angle, the primary cilium can communicate with the cell regarding the extracellular. Scientists have shown that dysfunction of primary cilia can lead to many diseases as cilia are believed to play an important role in transmitting signals in cells. A good model of primary cilium can aid in the understanding of the mechanism of its bending movement. Furthermore, a good model is important for determining how the primary cilium contributes to convert mechanical signals into biochemical ones. Previous models have ignored the basal body and transition fiber that are located at the base of the primary cilium. However, it is clear that the elastic basal body and transition fibers should have a significant effect on the deformation of the whole structure. Aiming to address this issue, we established a model with a rotational spring representing the confinement induced by the basal body and transition fibers. Specially, we developed two governing equations for two different conditions, namely uniformly distributed load and spatially varying load. In addition, this model is valid for situations where the deflection is large. To obtain the results the shooting and Newton-Raphson methods are used to solve the governing equations numerically. Then, we compared the numerical results with experimental data to test the validity of the model. Comparison between our model predictions and experimental data showed that the governing equation for spatially varying load described the bending behavior of the primary cilium very well under various realistic conditions, including cases where the flow field is not uniform both spatially and temporally fluid flow with variable velocity.
published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy

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3

Norton, Michael M. "Modeling problems in mucus viscoelasticity and mucociliary clearance /". Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10822.

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4

Ghosh, Rajat. "Designing oscillating cilia for regulating particle motion in microfluidic devices". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33861.

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We design actuated cilia that can maneuver microscopic particles normal to a microfluidic channel wall and transport microscopic particles parallel to the channel wall. For identifying the design specifications, we employ a hybrid LBM/LSM computational model, to simulate hydrodynamic interactions between oscillating elastic cilia and microscopic particles in a microfluidic channel. The oscillating synthetic cilia are elastic filaments tethered to the channel wall and actuated by sinusoidal force acting at their free ends. The cilia are arranged in a square pattern. The microscopic particle is a neutrally buoyant solid sphere, which is sufficiently small compared to the cilium length and inter-cilium distances, so that the particle can move freely inside the ciliated layer. We study the effect of actuation frequency on the particle motion inside the ciliated layer. We show that depending on the frequency, particles can be either driven away from the ciliated channel wall or drawn towards the wall. We also examine how to use inclined cilia to transport particles along the ciliated layer. We show that the particle transport along the ciliated layer can be regulated by the frequency of cilium oscillation. The results uncover a new route for regulating particle position and transport in microfluidic devices.

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5

Wan, Yixin. "Modulation and synchronization of eukaryotic flagella". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708434.

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6

Pruski, Michal. "ARL13B and IFT172 truncated primary cilia and misplaced cells". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231675.

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Primary cilia are cellular organelles that protrude into the extracellular space, acting as antennas. They detect a wide range of chemical cues, including SHH and PDGF, as well as fluid flow, and they modulate downstream signalling systems, such as WNT and ERK. Due to this cue-sensing ability and the close association of the primary cilium with the centrosome the organelle is able to influence both cell cycle progression and cell migration. This work investigated the effect of mutations on two genes associated with primary cilia: Arl13b and Ift172. The effects of the HNN genotype of Arl13b and the WIM genotype of Ift172 on cell migration were assessed uniquely within the context of direct current electric fields. Both cell lines showed a decreased migratory response when compared to WT cells, despite no clear involvement of cilia in sensing the direction of the electric field. This corroborated with previous data of in vivo Arl13b cellular migration. Through the use of in utero electroporation the migratory deficits of IFT172 knock down were then confirmed in vivo in the developing mouse neocortex. Further in vitro investigation revealed a slower proliferation rate of HNN and WIM cells, though this was not confirmed in vivo after IFT172 knock down using a standard BrDU protocol. Nevertheless, further in vitro investigations revealed a wide variety of cell cycle and intracellular changes within both cell lines. The commonalities included lower numbers of cells in the S-phase and lower MAPK3 phosphorylation compared to WT, and differences such as GSK3β phosphorylation on Ser9. This work showed for the first time that ciliopathies affect galvanotaxis, and revealed fundamental commonalities in cell migration and proliferation between various ciliary mutations, as well as differences in specific signalling pathways. This will hopefully aid in developing future therapeutic interventions for ciliary diseases.

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Hughes, Rhome. "Immunohistochemical characterization of neuronal cilia in the rat central nervous system". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3136/.

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An anti-G"11 antibody was used to label neuronal cilia throughout the rat central nervous system. Immunoreactive cilia were observed in every examined region of the rat CNS, but not in monkey or mouse tissue. Antibodies to G"q and G"q/11 failed to label cilia. Immunoreactive cilia were observed as early as postnatal day 0 in spinal tissue, and postnatal day 3 in hypothalamic tissue. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between a region's mean cilium length and that region's distance to the nearest ventricle; regions nearest ventricles were those with the longest cilia. This correlation suggests neuronal cilia may function as chemosensors, detecting substances as they move out from the cerebrospinal fluid and into the extracellular space of the brain.

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Wilson, Gabrielle. "The role of the parkin co-regulated gene (PACRG) in male fertility /". Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5806.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Paediatrics, The Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, The Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 2009.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-207)

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Subedi, Ashok. "Roles of Primary Cilia in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404594/.

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Primary cilia are nonmotile, hair-shaped organelles that extend from the basal body in the centrosome. The present study is the first investigation of this organelle in the oligodendrocyte lineage in vivo. I used immunohistochemical approaches in normal and cilia-deficient mutant mice to study cilia in relation to oligodendrogenesis and myelination. Primary cilia immunoreactive for Arl13b and ACIII were commonly present in NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in which cilia-associated pathways control proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The loss of primary cilia is generally associated with enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been shown to promote myelin gene expression. I examined whether the lack of cilia in the oligodendrocyte lineage is associated with elevated Wnt/β-catenin activity. I found that absence of a primary cilium was associated with with higher levels of TCF3, and with β-galactosidase in Axin2-lacZ Wnt reporter mice. This evidence supports the proposal that cilia loss in oligodendrocytes leads to enhanced Wnt/β-catenin activity, which promotes myelination. Cilia are dependent on the centrosome, which assembles microtubules for the cilium, the cytoskeleton, and the mitotic spindle. Centrosomes are the organizing center for microtubule assembly in OPCs, but this function is decentralized in oligodendrocytes. I found that the intensity of centrosomal pericentrin was reduced in oligodendrocytes relative to OPCs, and γ-tubulin was evident in centrosomes of OPCs but not in mature oligodendrocytes. These decreases in centrosomal proteins might contribute to functional differences between OPCs and oligodendrocytes. The importance of cilia in the oligodendrocyte lineage was examined in Tg737orpk mice, which have a hypomorphic IFT88 mutation resulting in decreased cilia numbers and lengths. These mice showed marked, differential decreases in numbers of oligodendrocytes and myelin, yet little or no change in OPC populations. It appears that sufficient cells were available for maturation, but lineage progression was stalled. There were no evident effects of the mutation on Wnt/β-catenin. Factors that might contribute to the abnormalities in the oligodendrocyte lineage of Tg737orpk mice include decreased cilia-dependent Shh mitogenic signaling and dysregulation in cilia-associated pathways such as Notch and Wnt/β-catenin.

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Mahato, Deependra. "Mutation of Polaris, an Intraflagellar Transport Protein, Shortens Neuronal Cilia". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4856/.

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Primary cilia are non-motile organelles having 9+0 microtubules that project from the basal body of the cell. While the main purpose of motile cilia in mammalian cells is to move fluid or mucus over the cell surface, the purpose of primary cilia has remained elusive for the most part. Primary cilia are shortened in the kidney tubules of Tg737orpk mice, which have polycystic kidney disease due to ciliary defects. The product of the Tg737 gene is polaris, which is directly involved in a microtubule-dependent transport process called intraflagellar transport (IFT). In order to determine the importance of polaris in the development of neuronal cilia, cilium length and numerical density of cilia were quantitatively assessed in six different brain regions on postnatal days 14 and 31 in Tg737orpk mutant and wildtype mice. Our results indicate that the polaris mutation leads to shortening of cilia as well as decreased percentage of ciliated neurons in all brain regions that were quantitatively assessed. Maintainance of cilia was especially affected in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Furthermore, the polaris mutation curtailed cilium length more severely on postnatal day 31 than postnatal day 14. These data suggests that even after ciliogenesis, intraflagellar transport is necessary in order to maintain neuronal cilia. Regional heterogeneity in the effect of this gene mutation on neuronal cilia suggests that the functions of some brain regions might be more compromised than others.

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Libri sul tema "Cilia and ciliary motion"

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International, Wendlandian Symposium :. Five Decades of Basic Research on Cilia/Flagella and Ciliates/Flagellates (2012 Lüchow Lower Saxony Germany). Cilia and flagella, ciliates and flagellates: Ultrastructure and cell biology, function and systematics, symbiosis and biodiversity. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2014.

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service), ScienceDirect (Online, a cura di. Primary cilia. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009.

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A, Bloodgood Robert, a cura di. Ciliary and flagellar membranes. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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L, Baum Gerald, a cura di. Cilia, mucus, and mucociliary interactions. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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1900-, Rensch Bernhard, e Weischer Bernhard, a cura di. Evolution: Zelle als Organismus, Erregbarkeit, Hirngeschehen : Festschrift für Bernhard Rensch. Münster: Aschendorff, 1985.

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Matthias, Salathe, a cura di. Cilia and mucus: From development to respiritory defense. New York: Dekker, 2001.

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Murase, Masatoshi. Dynamics of cellular motility. Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons, 1992.

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Murase, Mosatoshi. Dynamics of cellular motility. Chichester [England]: Wiley, 1992.

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Cilia. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2016.

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Onck, Patrick R., Alfredo Alexander-Katz, Francis Fahrni, Jeanette Hussong e Dick Broer. Artificial Cilia. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2013.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cilia and ciliary motion"

1

Ishikawa, Takashi. "Structure of Motile Cilia". In Subcellular Biochemistry, 471–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_15.

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Tuomanen, Elaine. "The Surface of Mammalian Respiratory Cilia Interactions between Cilia and Respiratory Pathogens". In Ciliary and Flagellar Membranes, 363–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0515-6_14.

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Witman, George B. "Introduction to Cilia and Flagella". In Ciliary and Flagellar Membranes, 1–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0515-6_1.

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Mayne, Richard. "Programming Ciliary Object Manipulation". In Atlas of Cilia Bioengineering and Biocomputing, 37–48. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003337287-4.

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Loseva, Elizaveta, Jaap van Krugten, Aniruddha Mitra e Erwin J. G. Peterman. "Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy in Sensory Cilia of Living Caenorhabditis elegans". In Single Molecule Analysis, 133–50. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3377-9_7.

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AbstractIntracellular transport of organelles and biomolecules is vital for several cellular processes. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy can illuminate molecular aspects of the dynamics of individual biomolecules that remain unresolved in ensemble experiments. For example, studying single-molecule trajectories of moving biomolecules can reveal motility properties such as velocity, diffusivity, location and duration of pauses, etc. We use single-molecule imaging to study the dynamics of microtubule-based motor proteins and their cargo in the primary cilia of living C. elegans. To this end, we employ standard fluorescent proteins, an epi-illuminated, widefield fluorescence microscope, and primarily open-source software. This chapter describes the setup we use, the preparation of samples, a protocol for single-molecule imaging in primary cilia of C. elegans, and data analysis.

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Jorissen, Mark, e Martine Jaspers. "Cilia, Ciliary Movement, and Mucociliary Transport". In Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders, 15–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37250-6_2.

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Jorissen, Mark, e Martine Jaspers. "Cilia, Ciliary Movement, and Mucociliary Transport". In Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders, 29–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12386-3_3.

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Spassky, Nathalie. "Motile Cilia and Brain Function: Ependymal Motile Cilia Development, Organization, Function and Their Associated Pathologies". In Cilia and Nervous System Development and Function, 193–207. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5808-7_7.

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Dentler, William L. "Linkages between Microtubules and Membranes in Cilia and Flagella". In Ciliary and Flagellar Membranes, 31–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0515-6_2.

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Hoyer-Fender, Sigrid. "Primary and Motile Cilia: Their Ultrastructure and Ciliogenesis". In Cilia and Nervous System Development and Function, 1–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5808-7_1.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Cilia and ciliary motion"

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Chen, Duanduan, Kyosuke Shinohara, Jun Ren e Hiroshi Hamada. "The Protein-Driven Ciliary Motility in Embryonic Nodes: A Computational Model of Ciliary Ultrastructure". In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62460.

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The movement of embryonic cilia presents a crucial function in specifying left-right axis for vertebrates. Those mono-cilia are primary (9+0) cilia, whose characteristic architecture is based on a cylindrical arrangement of 9 microtubule doublets. Dynein motors located between adjacent doublets convert the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work that induces doublet sliding. Passive components, such as the mediated cytoplasm, the ciliary membrane, and other possibly-existent structures constraint the ciliary motion and maintain the cilia structural integrity, thus resulting in the axonemal bending. Dynein motors located along microtubule doublets in a motile nodal cilium activate in a sequential manner. However, due to inherent difficulties, the dynein activation patterns in moving cilia can hardly be directly observed. The exact mechanism that controls ciliary motion is still unrevealed. In this work, we present a protein-structure model reconstructed from transmission electron microscopy image set of a wide-type embryonic cilium to study the dynein-dependent ciliary motility. This model includes time accurate three-dimensional solid mechanics analysis of the sliding between adjacent microtubule doublets and their induced ciliary bending. As a conceptual test, the mathematical model provides a platform to investigate various assumptions of dynein activity, which facilitates us to evaluate their rationality and to propose the most possible dynein activation pattern. The proposed protein-trigger pattern can reproduce the rotation-like ciliary motion as observed by experiments. Further application of this approach to mutant cilia with ultrastructural modifications also shows consistency to experimental observations. This computational model based on solid mechanics analysis may improve our understandings regarding the protein-beating problems of cilia, and may guide and inspire further experimental investigations on this topic.

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Salman, Huseyin Enes, Natalie Jurisch Yaksi e Huseyin Cagatay Yalcin. "Computational Modeling of Motile Cilia Generated Cerebral Flow Dynamics in Zebrafish Embryo". In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0128.

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Background: Motile cilia are hair-like microscopic structures, which move the fluids along the epithelial surfaces. Cilia cover a wide range of regions in the nervous system, such as the nasal cavity, spinal cord central canal, and brain ventricles. Motile cilia-driven cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the brain ventricles has an important role in the brain development. Embryos lacking motile cilia develop neurological defects due to altered CSF flow. Aim: To investigate the effect of motile-cilia motion on the altered CSF flow, and to understand the role of CSF flow in the brain development and physiology. Methods: The dynamics of motile-cilia driven flow is analyzed employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. A 2D model is generated using the time-lapse microscopic movies showing movements of a fluorescently labeled motile-cilia in a zebrafish embryo (48-hour post-fertilization). The effects on the generated flow are elucidated by investigating the cilia beating angle, multiple cilia formations, and the phase difference between different ciliary beats. Results: Ciliary beating generated a directional flow in the form of a circulating vortex. The angle of ciliary beating significantly affected the flow velocity. As the angle between the wall and cilia decreases, the flow becomes more efficient by achieving higher velocities. Multiple cilia formations increased the flow velocity but the significance of multiple cilia is not as critical as the beating angle. Interestingly, phase difference between the multiple cilia beats increased the directional flow velocity. Conclusion: Motile-cilia generated flow dynamics are investigated, and it is concluded that out-of-phase multiple ciliary beating is the optimum form of beating in order to generate a directional flow.

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Alexeev, Alexander, Rajat Ghosh, Gavin A. Buxton, O. Berk Usta e Anna C. Balazs. "Using Actuated Cilia to Regulate Motion of Microscopic Particles". In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13227.

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Marine animals use microscopic elastic filaments, or cilia, to capture food particles that are suspended in the surrounding solution [1, 2]. In the respiratory tract, active cilial layers facilitate the transport of particulates such as dust or mucous. These motile cilia experience the surrounding fluid as a highly viscous, low Reynolds number environment, where the effects of inertia are negligible [2]. Nevertheless, by oscillating in a periodic, time-irreversible manner, the elastic cilia can generate net currents within the fluid and thereby, effectively transport and direct microscopic particles. The behavior of these biological cilia provides a useful design concept for creating microfluidic devices where actuated “synthetic cilia” would regulate the movement of micrometer-sized particles, such as biological cells and polymeric microcapsules.

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Ueno, Hironori, Takuji Ishikawa, Khanh Huy Bui, Kohsuke Gonda, Takashi Ishikawa e Takami Yamaguchi. "Analysis of Ciliary Motion and the Axonemal Structure in the Mouse Respiratory Cilia". In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80232.

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Mucociliary clearance on the surface of the tracheal lumen is an important component of lung defense against dust mites and viruses. However, the axonemal structure that achieves effective ciliary motion and the mechanisms by which discretely distributed ciliary cells generate directional flow are unknown. In this study, we examined individual ciliary motion with 7–9-nm spatial precision by labeling the ciliary tip with quantum dots, and detected an asymmetric beating pattern. Cryo-electron tomography revealed that the densities of two inner dynein arms were missing from at least two doublet microtubules in the axonemal structure. Although the flow directions generated by individual ciliated cells were unsteady and diverse, the time- and space-averaged velocity field was found to be directional. These results indicate that the asymmetric ciliary motion is driven by the asymmetric axonemal structure, and it generates overall directional flow from the lungs to the oropharynx on sparsely distributed ciliated cells.

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Moran, Emma C., Pedro M. Baptista, Kenichiro Nishii, David Wasnick, Shay Soker e Jessica L. Sparks. "Expression of Primary Cilia on Liver Stem and Progenitor Cells: Potential Role for Mechanosensing in Liver Development". In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14122.

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The primary cilium is a non-motile organelle that projects out from the plasma membrane of many cell types in the body. It consists of an axoneme with microtubules arranged in a 9+0 arrangement that extends from the mother centriole contained within the basal body. Once thought to be a non-essential organelle, it is now known that primary cilia have an important role in embryonic and post-natal development, as well as maintenance of adult tissues. Mutations affecting primary ciliary development result in a class of serious diseases known as ciliopathies [1, 2]. Recent research suggests that the primary cilia/ centrosomes might play a role in embryonic stem cell differentiation through cell cycle regulation and their association with the Hedgehog signaling pathway [3, 4].

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Lee, L., C. McKenzie, R. Wilcox e M. Kareta. "Cellular Responses to Motile Cilia Dysfunction in the Mouse Airway Ciliary Microenvironment". In American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference, May 17-22, 2024 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_meetingabstracts.a7439.

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Xu, Gang, Kate S. Wilson, Ruth J. Okamoto, Jin-Yu Shao, Susan K. Dutcher e Philip V. Bayly. "The Apparent Flexural Rigidity of the Flagellar Axoneme Depends on Resistance to Inter-Doublet Sliding". In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80220.

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Cilia are thin subcellular organelles that bend actively to propel fluid. The ciliary cytoskeleton (the axoneme) consists of nine outer microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of singlet microtubules. Large bending deformations of the axoneme involve relative sliding of the outer doublets, driven by the motor protein dynein. Ciliary structure and function have been studied extensively, but details of the mechanics and coordination of the axoneme remain unclear. In particular, dynein activity must be switched on and off at specific times and locations to produce an oscillatory, propulsive beat. Leading hypotheses assert that mechanical feedback plays a role in the control of dynein activity, but these ideas remain speculative.

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Hanaosge, Srinivas, Peter J. Hesketh e Alexander Alexeev. "Video: Metachronal motion of synthetic cilia". In 70th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. American Physical Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/aps.dfd.2017.gfm.v0059.

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Kongthon, Jiradech, Jae-Hyun Chung, James Riley e Santosh Devasia. "Dynamics of Cilia-Based Microfluidic Devices". In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-5936.

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This article models the dynamics of cilia-based devices (soft cantilever-type, vibrating devices that are excited by external vibrations) for mixing and manipulating liquids in microfluidic applications. The main contribution of this article is to develop a model, which shows that liquid sloshing and the added mass effect play substantial roles in generating large-amplitude motion of the cilia. Additionally, experimental results are presented to show that (i) mixing is substantially improved with the use of cilia when compared to the case without cilia and (ii) mixing with cilia can be further enhanced by using an asymmetric excitation waveform when compared to sinusoidal excitation.

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Horani, A., J. Koenitzer, D. Gupta, H. Xu, W. Twan, F. J. Hawkins, S. Dutcher e S. L. Brody. "Single Cell Transcriptomics of Airway Cells From Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) Patients Reveal Activation of Novel Motile Cilia Dedicated Pathways". In American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference, May 17-22, 2024 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_meetingabstracts.a7145.

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