Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Chongqing Shi (China)"

Model Tao Shi ,Peng Zhang and Fang Cheng School of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China shitao12300@163.com Keywords: telecommunications network resources, resource model, object-oriented, virtualization technology, network management system Abstract. In order to manage and utilize telecommunication network resources more effectively, aiming at the shortage of the resource management of telecom network management system, through the study the concept of the shared information data (SID) model in the new generation of telecom operation support system (NGOSS) , according to the characteristics of the telecommunications network resources, telecommunications network resource model with object-oriented approach is proposed and designed. Meanwhile, Combined with telecommunication network business resource model to illustrate the mechanism of telecom network resource by users applications in network management system. Experiments have proved that resource model can provide powerful support for complex network management.

The oxytrichid species Pleurotricha curdsi (Shi et al., 2002) Gupta et al., 2003, isolated from a tributary of the Yangtze River in the Mudong district of Chongqing, southern China, was reinvestigated with emphasis on its morphology, morphogenesis and small-subunit (SSU) rDNA-based phylogeny. Compared with three previously described populations, the Mudong population of P. curdsi is characterized by its large body size, 170–295 × 65–110 μm in vivo, and by having a variable number of right marginal rows, either two or three. Likewise, the number of right marginal rows anlagen (RMA) is also variable, i.e. usually two, but sometimes several small extra anlagen that give rise to the formation of the third row, are present to the left of the RMAs. We posit that the Mudong population is an intermediate form between the three previously described populations. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSU rDNA sequence data show that all populations of P. curdsi cluster with the type species of the genus, Pleurotricha lanceolata, in a clade nested within the Oxytrichidae.

The organizing Committee of AICT 2023 was proud to present the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Communication Technology (AICT 2023), which was held on May 30-31, 2023 in Chongqing, China. The aim as well as objective of this AICT is to present the latest research and results of scientists related to Artificial Intelligence, Communication Technology and related topics. This conference provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas face-to-face, to establish business or research relations as well as to find global partners for future collaborations. We hope that the conference results will lead to significant contributions to the knowledge in these up-to-date scientific fields. All full paper submissions to the AICT 2023 must be written in English, and will be sent to 2-4 reviewers and evaluated based on originality, technical or research content, correctness, relevance to conference, contributions, and readability. The full paper submissions will be chosen based on technical merit, interest, applicability, and how well they fit a coherent and balanced technical program. This AICT conference has received 93 manuscripts. And less than 50 articles were accepted by our reviewers and the press. By submitting a paper to this AICT conference, the authors agree to the review process and understand that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts will be reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the Conference Committee, who will give detailed comments and-if the submission gets accepted-the authors submit a revised version that takes into account this feedback. All papers are reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declare their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers do not know each other's identities, nor do the authors receive information about who has reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of this 2nd AICT invest great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit. Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process. With our warmest regards, Wei Zhong, Jun Shi, Herman Thompson Conference Organizing Committee

The study of soil enzyme activities under different land use is of importance for exploration of the soil quality evolution and its evaluation during the revegetation at karst area in Nanchuan, Chongqing, China. Seven kinds of land use were chosen as subject, aiming at revealing the changes in soil enzyme activities through experimental and statistical analysis. The results showed that different land use significantly influenced the enzyme activities. Soil urease, invertase, catalase and amylase behaved the different change. A descending order of urease activity was artificial forest, natural forest, shrubbery, grassland, slope field into terrace, rock desertification and farmland. As to invertase and amylase, they have no clear change orderliness with land use change. Moreover, no significant change was observed in catalase activity and the lower value was found in natural forest. The above results cannot reflect the land use effect on the enzyme activities. According to the soil enzyme index (SEI), it can be seen that the SEI changed with an order of natural forest > artificial forest > grassland > shrubbery > farmland > slope field into terrace > rock desertification, which can objectively and fully evaluate the land use change in soil enzyme.

An extensive survey of Linyphiidae spiders from Wulipo National Nature Reserve (NNR), Chongqing has been conducted, in which 24 species belonging to 16 genera are recorded including two new genera and eight new species described here as: Agyneta Hull, 1911, A. orthogonia sp. nov. (♂♀); Dicristatus gen. nov., D. minutus gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀); Dicymbium Menge, 1868, D. pingqianense sp. nov. (♂♀); Himalaphantes Tanasevitch, 1992, H. azumiensis (Oi, 1979) (♂♀); Indophantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2003, I. wushanensis sp. nov. (♂♀); Ketambea Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992, K. nigripectoris (Oi, 1960) (♂♀); Molestia Tu, Saaristo & Li, 2006, M. pollicaris sp. nov. (♂♀); Neriene Blackwall, 1833, N. calozonata Chen & Zhu, 1989 (♀), N. cavaleriei (Schenkel, 1963) (♂♀), N. emphana (Walckenaer, 1841) (♂♀), N. japonica (Oi, 1960) (♂♀), N. limbatinella (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (♀), N. longipedella (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (♂♀), N. oidedicata van Helsdingen, 1969 (♀); Prosoponoides Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992, P. sinense (Chen, 1991) (♂♀); Ryojius Saito & Ono, 2001, R. simplex sp. nov. (♂♀); Stemonyphantes Menge, 1866, S. bifurcus sp. nov. (♂); Syedra Simon, 1884, S. oii Saito, 1983; Tapinopa Westring, 1851, T. guttata Komatsu, 1937 (♀); Tenuiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996, T. ancatus (Zhu, Li & Sha, 1986) (♂♀); Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833, Walckenaeria asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011 (♂♀); Wuliphantes gen. nov., W. guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀), W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀), W. trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀). Male of Tenuiphantes ancatus (Zhu, Li & Sha, 1986) is described here for the first time as new to science. The taxonomic status of Bathyphantes guanshan Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022 and Bathyphantes tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) is revised and proposed here as: Wuliphantes tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀) and Wuliphantes guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀), respectively. Morphological descriptions, photos of body and copulatory organs, as well as the locality map are provided.

Cherry is widely planted in China, from Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces (eastern China), to Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guizhou provinces (western China). The brown rot fungus Monilinia fructigena causes considerable production losses in cherry production in Liaoning Province (3). In May 2013, Chinese sour cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) cv. Wupi displaying symptoms of brown rot was found in an orchard in Chongqing municipality. Diseased cherry fruit had a brown rot sporulating with grayish, conidial tufts. The fruit later succumbed to the soft rot or shivered and became a mummy. Single-spore isolations on PDA resulted in colonies with concentric rings of pigmented mycelium with lobbed margins. Conidia were broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, occasionally even globose, with an average size of 16 × 12.7 μm. Multiple germ tubes were produced from each conidium, a germination pattern unique to Monilia mumecola (1,2,4). The pathogen identity was confirmed by multiplex PCR as described by Hu et al. (2). The PCR resulted in a 712-bp amplicon, which is diagnostic of M. mumecola. Further sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 1 and 2 and 5.8S gene further indicated 100% identity with that of M. mumecola isolates from China (Accession No. HQ908786) and from Japan (AB125613, AB125614, and AB125620). Koch's postulates were confirmed by inoculating mature cherry fruit with mycelia plugs. Inoculated fruit were placed in a sterilized moist chamber, and incubated at 22°C with 12 h light/dark cycle. Inoculated fruit developed typical brown rot symptoms only 2 days after inoculation, while the control fruit, inoculated with a sterile PDA plug, remained healthy. The pathogen isolated from inoculated symptomatic fruit was confirmed to be M. mumecola based on morphological characteristics and germination pattern. It should be noted that the conidia on inoculated fruit showed an average size of 20 × 15.3 μm, significantly bigger than that of from PDA, and most produced more than three germ tubes. The inoculation experiments were performed in triplicates. M. mumecola was first reported as the causal agent of brown rot of mume in Japan in 2004 (1). Later studies demonstrated that it is also pathogen on other stone fruits, e.g., peach, nectarine (2), and apricot (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of cherry brown fruit rot caused by M. mumecola, and the first report of M. mumecola in Chongqing municipality. References: (1) Y. Harada et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 70:297, 2004. (2) M. J. Hu et al. Plos One 6(9): e24990, 2011. (3) Z. H. Liu et al. J. Fruit Sci. 29:423, 2012. (4) L. F. Yin et al. Plant Dis. 98:694, 2014.

Goldthread (Coptis chinensis) is an important herbaceous plant in traditional Chinese medicine (3). Annual production of goldthread root is ~3,000 tons (dry weight) in China. The plant is cultivated extensively in Shizhu Co., Chongqing (29.98°E, 108.13°N), where goldthread yields account for more than 60% of total world production. A foliar disease was first observed on goldthread plants in 2008 in Shizhu County (5). In 2011 and 2012, about 10 ha of goldthread fields in different townships of Shizhu Co. were surveyed. The results demonstrated that the disease present in the fields was widespread at incidences of 30 to 100%, with yield losses of 15 to 75%. Typical symptoms included irregular, purple brown lesions on leaves, beginning usually at the leaf margin and extending to the central leaf blade. The lesions coalesced and turned deep purple. Black pycnidia were visible on the lesions, and severely diseased plants were usually wholly blighted. To identify the pathogen, infected leaves were collected from goldthread fields in different townships of Shizhu Co. and small pieces of symptomatic tissue were cut from each leaf. The leaf pieces were surface-disinfected for 1 min in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed in sterilized water, air-dried, and transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates with 0.5 g/liter of streptomycin sulfate. Thirty-three fungal isolates with similar colony morphology were obtained. On oatmeal agar plates, each colony was circular with a smooth edge, initially cream, and then pale-brown. Pycnidia were dark brown, spherical, with or without papillae, and 100 to 112 × 189 to 222 μm. Conidia were produced on short, straight, and aseptate conidiophores in the pycnidia; they were monocellular, hyaline, ellipsoidal or clavate, and 2.01 to 2.50 × 4.20 to 5.55 μm. Three isolates (SZ-9, SZ-10, and SZ-13) were selected randomly from all 33 isolates, and genomic DNA of each isolate was extracted following the CTAB method (4). The rDNA ITS region of each isolate was amplified with V9G/ITS4 primers and sequenced (1). The ITS sequences of the three isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. KF692355.2 [SZ-9], KF985236.1 [SZ-10], and KF985237.1 [SZ-13]) were identical, and BLAST revealed 100% identity with the ITS sequence of an isolate of Phoma aquilegiicola (CBS 107.96, GU237735.1). Based on the morphological characteristics and ITS sequences, all three isolates were identified as P. aquilegiicola. Pathogenicity test of 10 isolates was conducted by placing a 5-mm-diameter mycelial agar plug (from the margin of a 5-day-old PDA culture) on each of 10 fully-expanded leaves of healthy goldthread plants/isolate. Ten leaves were treated similarly with sterilized PDA plugs as a control. Inoculated and control plants were incubated in the dark for 24 h at 25 ± 2°C and >90% RH, and then maintained in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2°C, 3,100 lux, and >90% RH. The pathogenicity test was carried out three times. Symptoms developed on all inoculated leaves for all 10 isolates, but not on the control plants. Lesions were first visible 48 h after inoculation, and typical irregular lesions similar to those observed on field plants were seen after 6 days. The same pathogenic fungus was re-isolated from the infected leaves but not from the non-inoculated leaves. A disease caused by P. aquilegiicola was first reported on Aquilegia flabellata plants of the cv. Fan Columbine in a perennial garden in Italy (2). This is the first report of leaf spot on goldthread caused by P. aquilegiicola in China. Studies on the epidemiology and control of the disease are necessary owing to the economic significance of the host and destructiveness of the disease. References: (1) M. M. Aveskamp et al. Mycologia 101:363, 2009. (2) A. Garibaldi et al. Plant Dis. 95:880, 2011. (3) B. Liu et al. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 41:1056, 2006. (4) M. A. Saghai-Maaroof et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:8014, 1984. (5) X. R. Zhou et al. J. Shizhen Medicine Res. 23:471, 2012.

A complete taxonomic catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) recorded or described from the mainland China (excluding Taiwan) is presented. 241 valid species are listed, which are currently attributed to 50 genera, 5 families and 7 subfamilies. Genera and species are listed alphabetically. All available type-data is provided based mainly on literary sources for species described by Chinese workers from 1986 to 2006, including documented depository of typespecimens. The catalogue therefore also provides complete lists of the type-material of Phasmatodea housed in the following Chinese institutions: Administration of Baishuijiang Natural Reserve (ABNR), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing (BFU), China Agricultural University, Beijing (CAU), Geological Museum of China, Beijing (GMC), Inca Science Ltd., Chongqing (INCA), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (IZCAS), Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin (NKU), Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Shaanxi (NWAU), Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an (SNU), Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University (ICRI), Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Academia Sinica, Shanghai (SIES), Tianjin Natural History Museum, Tianjin (TMNH), Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou (ZMNH). The known distribution of each species, inmeans of provinces is provided as well. 14 species are shown to have been recorded from China in error, several of these based on misidentifications. The “Phasmatodea-like” fossil taxa described from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation of North Hebei and West Liaoning are listed in a separate section. Two new generic synonyms are recognized: Arthminotus Bi, 1995 synonymised with Lopaphus Westwood, 1859 (n. syn.) and Dianphasma Chen & He, 1997 synonymised with Parasosibia Redtenbacher, 1908 (n. syn.). The genus Linocerus Gray, 1835 (Type-species: Linocerus gracilis Gray, 1835) was erroneously synonymised with the mediterranean Bacillus St. Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1825 and is here re-established in Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini (rev. stat.). Relationship to Clonaria Stål, 1875 (= Gratidia Stål, 1875, = Paraclonaria Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893), Sceptrophasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000 and Macellina Uvarov, 1940 is obvious. 21 species are transferred to other genera (new combinations): Asceles dilatatus Chen & He, 2004 and Asceles quadriguttatus Chen & He, 1996 to Pachyscia Redtenbacher, 1908, Arthminotus sinensis Bi, 1995 to Lopaphus Westwood, 1859, Baculum dolichocercatum Bi & Wang, 1998 and Baculum politum Chen & He, 1997 to Medauroidea Zompro, 1999, Dixippus hainanensis Chen & He, 2002, Dixippus huapingensis Bi & Li, 1991, Dixippus nigroantennatus Chen & He, 2002, Dixippus parvus Chen & He, 2002 and Entoria bobaiensis Chen, 1986 to Lonchodes Gray, 1835, Sipyloidea obvius Chen & He, 1995 to Sinophasma Günther, 1940, Paramyronides biconiferus Bi, 1993, Paramyronides leishanensis Bi, 1992, Lonchodes chinensis Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907, Lonchodes confucius Westwood, 1859 and Phasgania glabra Günther, 1940 to Phraortes Stål, 1875, Gratidia bituberculata Redtenbacher, 1889 and Leptynia xinganensis Chen & He, 1993 to Sceptrophasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2002, Prosentoria bannaensis Chen & He, 1997 to Paraentoria Chen & He, 1997, and Mantis squeleton Olivier, 1792 to Phanocloidea Zompro, 2002. Acrophylla sichuanensis Chen & He, 2001 remains of unknown generic assignment, but is shown to be not a member of the Australian genus Acrophylla Gray, 1835. Furthermore, as Baculum Saussure, 1861 is a neotropical genus and most Old World species previously attributed to this genus are now listed in Ramulus Saussure, 1861, all Chinese species described in Baculum Saussure are consequently transferred to Ramulus Saussure. Other changes of specific placements are based on published literature and concern to the following three synonymies not recognized by Chinese workers: Abrosoma Redtenbacher, 1906 (= Prosceles Uvarov, 1940), Necroscia Audinet-Serville, 1838 (= Aruanoidea Redtenbacher, 1908), Lopaphus Westwood, 1859 (= Paramyronides Redtenbacher, 1908). Megalophasma Bi, 1995 is transferred from Necrosciinae to Lonchodinae. Four lectotypes are designated and three new specific synonyms revealed. A lectotype is designated for Rhamphophasma modestus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, the type-species of Rhamphophasma Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, in order to fix this genus and species. The male paralectotype is shown to be a male of Parapachymorpha nigra Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, the type-species of Parapachymorpha Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893. Clitumnus porrectus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 is synonymised with Bacillus ? artemis Westwood, 1859 and a lectotype designated for the former (n. syn.). A lectotype is designated for Oxyartes lamellatus Kirby, 1904 in order to fix this taxon and confirm the synonymy established by Dohrn, 1910 (= Oxyartes honestus Redtenbacher, 1908, = Oxyartes spinosissimus Carl, 1913). Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908 is shown to have been erroneously synonymised with Neohirasea japonica (de Haan, 1842) and here synonymised with Neohirasea maerens (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) (n. syn.). In order to fix this new synonymy a lectotype is designated for Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908. Finally, a biogeographic analysis of the Chinese phasmid fauna is presented. This includes brief background information on the topography and biogeography of China along with maps showing the seven zoogeographical subregions currently recognized as well as the 4 municipalities, 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions of China. A summary of the taxonomic compilation of the fauna is provided and its relationships with neighbouring regions, of both the Palaearctic and Oriental realms, are discussed. A study is presented on the distribution of the taxa and species densities of each province / autonomous region. Recent ecological studies are summarized and list of the host plants of 42 different species attached. The pest status of certain species which have become of serious importance for agriculture in China is briefly summarized based on literary sources.

O questionário de percepção de pais e cuidadores (P-CPQ) está se tornando uma ferramenta crescente e positiva na detecção das doenças bucais pediátricas na visão de pais e cuidadores. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar a utilização do instrumento P-CPQ na detecção das doenças bucais infanto-juvenis que interfere significativamente na qualidade de vida. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas no banco de dados PubMed Medline correlacionando as estratégias de buscas por palavras-chaves em artigos que utilizaram o P-CPQ como instrumento da avaliação da qualidade de vida em saúde bucal. Dos 107 artigos iniciais, foram excluídos 68, totalizando a busca final de 39 artigos que foram incluídos para a leitura completa do texto. As condições investigadas na qualidade de vida na visão de pais e cuidadores são: uso de aparelhos ortodônticos; maloclusões; cárie dentária; defeitos no esmalte dental; condições periodontais; pacientes especiais e tratamentos dentário sobre anestesia geral.O instrumento P-CPQ parecer ser um indicador sensível para mensurar a qualidade de vida em saúde bucal na visão de pais e cuidadores em diversas condições de saúde bucal. Descritores: Qualidade de Vida; Criança; Cuidadores. Referências The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Soc Sci Med. 1995; 41(10):1403-9. Ferreira MC, Goursand D, Bendo CB, Ramos-Jorge ML, Pordeus IA, Paiva SM. Agreement between adolescents' and their mothers' reports of oral health-related quality of life. Braz Oral Res. 2012;26(2):112-8. Jokovic A, Locker D, Stephens M, Kenny D, Tompson B, Guyatt G. Measuring parental perceptions of child oral health-related quality of life. 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Agreement between children and parents in rating oral health-related quality of life using the Swedish versions of the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 and Parental Perceptions Questionnaire. Acta Odontol Scand. 2019;77(7):534-40. Albites U, Abanto J, Bonecker M, Paiva SM, Aguilar-Galvez D, Castillo JL. Parental-caregiver perceptions of child oral health-related quality of life (P-CPQ): Psychometric properties for the peruvian spanish language. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2014;19(3):e220-40. Razanamihaja N, Boy-Lefevre ML, Jordan L, Tapiro L, Berdal A, de la Dure-Molla M et al. Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ): translation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the French version of the questionnaire. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):211. Thomson WM, Foster Page LA, Malden PE, Gaynor WN, Nordin N. Comparison of the ECOHIS and short-form P-CPQ and FIS scales. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12:36. Barbosa Tde S, Gaviao MB. Validation of the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire: agreement between parental and child reports. J Public Health Dent. 2015;75(4):255-64. Goursand D, Paiva SM, Zarzar PM, Pordeus IA, Grochowski R, Allison PJ. Measuring parental-caregiver perceptions of child oral health-related quality of life: psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the P-CPQ. Braz Dent J. 2009;20(2):169-74. Goursand D, Ferreira MC, Pordeus IA, Mingoti SA, Veiga RT, Paiva SM. Development of a short form of the Brazilian Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Qual Life Res. 2013;22(2):393-402. Bendo CB, Paiva SM, Viegas CM, Vale MP, Varni JW. The PedsQL Oral Health Scale: feasibility, reliability and validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10:42. Baghdadi ZD, Muhajarine N. Effects of dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia on children's oral-health-related quality of life: saudi arabian parents' perspectives. Dent J (Basel). 2014;3(1):1-13. Sonbol HN, Al-Bitar ZB, Shraideh AZ, Al-Omiri MK. Parental-caregiver perception of child oral-health related quality of life following zirconia crown placement and non-restoration of carious primary anterior teeth. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2018;19(1):21-8. Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Bonecker M, Ortega AO, Ciamponi AL, Raggio DP. Parental reports of the oral health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:15. Abanto J, Ortega AO, Raggio DP, Bonecker M, Mendes FM, Ciamponi AL. Impact of oral diseases and disorders on oral-health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. Spec Care Dentist. 2014;34(2):56-63. Khoun T, Malden PE, Turton BJ. Oral health-related quality of life in young Cambodian children: a validation study with a focus on children with cleft lip and/or palate. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018;28(3):326-34. de Souza MC, Harrison M, Marshman Z. Oral health-related quality of life following dental treatment under general anaesthesia for early childhood caries - a UK-based study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2017;27(1):30-6. Gaynor WN, Thomson WM. Changes in young children's OHRQoL after dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012;22(4):258-64. Ridell K, Borgstrom M, Lager E, Magnusson G, Brogardh-Roth S, Matsson L. Oral health-related quality-of-life in Swedish children before and after dental treatment under general anesthesia. Acta odontologica Scandinavica. 2015;73(1):1-7. Ridell K, Borgström M, Lager E, Magnusson G, Brogårdh-Roth S, Matsson L. Oral health-related quality-of-life in Swedish children before and after dental treatment under general anesthesia. Acta Odontol Scand. 2015;73(1):1-7. Abreu LG, Melgaço CA, Abreu MH, Lages EM, Paiva SM. Perception of parents and caregivers regarding the impact of malocclusion on adolescents' quality of life: a cross-sectional study. Dental Press J Orthod. 2016;21(6):74-81. Abreu LG, Melgaço CA, Abreu MH, Lages EM, Paiva SM. Agreement between adolescents and parents/caregivers in rating the impact of malocclusion on adolescents' quality of life. Angle Orthod. 2015;85(5):806-11. Benson P, O'Brien C, Marshman Z. Agreement between mothers and children with malocclusion in rating children's oral health-related quality of life. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137(5):631-38. Abreu LG, Melgaço CA, Lages EM, Abreu MH, Paiva SM. Parents' and caregivers' perceptions of the quality of life of adolescents in the first 4 months of orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance. J Orthod. 2014;41(3):181-87. Abreu LG, Melgaço CA, Abreu MH, Lages EM, Paiva SM. 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So Lek Hang Lake.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-203).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.vii
Table of Content --- p.ix
List of Figures --- p.xiii
List of Tables --- p.xvi
Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Problem Statement --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.5
Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.6
Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.7
Chapter 1.5 --- Definition of Urban Green Space --- p.9
Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- Literatu re Re view --- p.10
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.10
Chapter 2.2 --- Urban Green Space --- p.10
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Classification of Urban Green Space --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Configuration of Urban Green Space System --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Different Approaches to Urban Green Space Study --- p.14
Chapter 2.3 --- Urban Green Space in China --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.1 --- General Problems --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Increasing Awareness of Environment --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Chinese Definition of Urban Green Space --- p.18
Chapter 2.4 --- Remote Sensing Techniques --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Review of Image Classification Techniques --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- Conventional Classification Methods --- p.22
Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- Mixed Pixels Problem --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.1.3 --- Mixed Pixels，Effects on Conventional Classifiers --- p.25
Chapter 2.4.1.4 --- Alternative Solutions to Mixed Pixels Problems (Fuzzy Sets) --- p.26
Chapter 2.4.1.5 --- Problems Fuzzy Classifications are unable to solve --- p.28
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Object-oriented Classification Concept --- p.30
Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Multiresolution Segmentation --- p.30
Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Fuzzy Classification Procedure --- p.31
Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Object-orien ted Approach to Image Processing --- p.32
Chapter 2.4.2.4 --- E cognition --- p.33
Chapter 2.4.2.5 --- Research about ecognition --- p.34
Chapter 2.5 --- Landscape Ecology --- p.35
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Basic Principles --- p.35
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Landscape Metrics --- p.36
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Application of Landscape Ecology in Landscape Analysis --- p.38
Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.39
Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- Study Sites and Methodology --- p.41
Chapter 3.1 --- lntroduction --- p.41
Chapter 3.2 --- Study Area --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Chongqing --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Geography and geomorphology --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Administration and governance --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Environmental Quality --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Governm ent Attempt to Improvement --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Nanjing --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Geography and Geomorphology --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Administration and Governance --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Landscape Planning of Nanjing --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Comparison between Chongqing and Nanjing --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Geographical setting --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Population --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Urbanization and Industrialization Levels --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Variation in Landscape Quantity --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.3.5 --- Comparison from Satellite Images --- p.52
Chapter 3.3 --- Working procedures --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Data --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- VNIR chann els --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- SWIR channels --- p.59
Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- Data Fusion --- p.59
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Designing Hierarchical Classification System --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Chongqing --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Nanjing --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Object-oriented Classification --- p.62
Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Introdu ction --- p.63
Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Procedure of Object-oriented Classification --- p.65
Chapter 3.3.3.2.1 --- Analysis of Image Objects --- p.65
Chapter 3.3.3.2.2 --- Image Segmentation --- p.67
Chapter 3.3.3.2.3 --- Selection of Features and Data Conversion --- p.67
Chapter 3.3.3.2.4 --- Class-based Objects Sampling --- p.68
Chapter 3.3.3.2.5 --- Class-based Objects Analysis --- p.68
Chapter 3.3.3.2.6 --- Designing Object Level Hierarchy --- p.69
Chapter 3.3.3.2.7 --- Designing Class Hierarchy --- p.69
Chapter 3.3.3.2.8 --- Decision Tree Classification Structure --- p.69
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Comparison with other classification algorithms --- p.70
Chapter 3.4 --- Landscape Analyses --- p.71
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Selection of Landscape Metrics --- p.72
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Landscape Analysis for entire cities --- p.74
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Buffer Analysis --- p.74
Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.77
Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- Results and Discussion I Variations of Image Object Signatures for Sampled Land Covers --- p.78
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.78
Chapter 4.2 --- Chongqing --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Spectral-shape ratio --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.80
Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Observations --- p.80
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Segmentation levels --- p.85
Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.85
Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Observations --- p.86
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Classifying Rules --- p.93
Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.93
Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Level 9 --- p.94
Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Level 5 --- p.101
Chapter 4.2.3.4 --- Level 1 --- p.103
Chapter 4.3 --- Nanjing --- p.104
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Spectral-shape ratio --- p.104
Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Observations --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Segmentation Levels --- p.111
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.111
Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Observations --- p.111
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Classifying Rules --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Level 8 --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Level 4 --- p.126
Chapter 4.3.3.4 --- Level 1 --- p.129
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.131
Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- Results and Discussion II Image Classification --- p.134
Chapter 5.1 --- lntroduction --- p.134
Chapter 5.2 --- Chongqing --- p.135
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Class hierarchy --- p.135
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Description of the site --- p.136
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Classification of “lake´ح --- p.138
Chapter 5.2.4 --- "Classification of ""crops and grassland""" --- p.139
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Classification of “low density urban´ح --- p.140
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Classification Result --- p.142
Chapter 5.2.7 --- Error matrix --- p.144
Chapter 5.2.8 --- Class Proportion --- p.144
Chapter 5.2.9 --- Post-classification Aggregation --- p.147
Chapter 5.3 --- Nanjing --- p.149
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Class Hierarchy --- p.149
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Description of the site --- p.151
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Classification of lake --- p.151
Chapter 5.3.4 --- "Classification of ""crops and grassland II´ح" --- p.153
Chapter 5.3.5 --- "Classification of ""low density urban""" --- p.154
Chapter 5.3.6 --- Classification Result --- p.155
Chapter 5.3.7 --- Error Matrix --- p.156
Chapter 5.3.8 --- Class Proportion --- p.161
Chapter 5.3.9 --- Post-classification Aggregation --- p.161
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.163
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Problems of object-oriented classification --- p.163
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Strengths of object-oriented classification --- p.165
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Transferability of classifying rules --- p.166
Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- "Results and Discussion HI Landscape Structure of ""Urban Green Space"", Chongqing and Nanjing" --- p.167
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.167
Chapter 6.2 --- Chongqing --- p.167
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Landscape composition --- p.167
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Fragmentation --- p.169
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Contagion --- p.171
Chapter 6.2.4 --- Patch Shape Complexity --- p.171
Chapter 6.3 --- Nanjing --- p.173
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Landscape composition --- p.173
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Fragmentation --- p.175
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Contagion --- p.177
Chapter 6.3.4 --- Patch Shape Complexity --- p.178
Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.179
Chapter 6.4.1 --- Similarities --- p.179
Chapter 6.4.2 --- Differences --- p.182
Chapter CHAPTER 7. --- Conclusion --- p.186
Chapter 7.1 --- Summary on findings --- p.186
Chapter 7.1.1 --- Summary on image object analyses --- p.186
Chapter 7.1.2 --- Summary on object-oriented classification --- p.187
Chapter 7.1.3 --- Summary on landscape studies of ´ب´بurban green space´ح --- p.189
Chapter 7.2 --- Limitations of the research --- p.190
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Data preparation --- p.190
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Image classification --- p.191
Chapter 7.2.3 --- Landscape Analysis --- p.193
Chapter 7.3 --- Suggestions for further research --- p.194
Bibliography --- p.196
Appendix 1´ؤEquations of object features --- p.204
Appendix 2´ؤEquations for Landscape Metrics --- p.208
Appendix 3´ؤVariations of Object Features along Segmentation Levels in Chongqing --- p.216
Appendix 4´ؤVariations of Object Features along Segmentation Levels in Nanjing --- p.244
Appendix 5´ؤClassifying Rules --- p.277
Appendix 6´ؤVariations in Landscape Metrics along Buffers from City Center in Chongqing --- p.282
Appendix 7´ؤVariations in Landscape Metrics along Buffers from City Center in Nanjing --- p.290

Leung Cheuk Kin.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2002-2003, design report."
Background --- p.1
Research Study --- p.9
Introduction --- p.9
Basic Information --- p.12
Analysis --- p.21
Conclusion --- p.31
Site Selection / Analysis --- p.32
Design --- p.40
Diagrams --- p.41
Drawings --- p.43
Models --- p.51