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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Chemical reactor safety"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 29 marzo 2025

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Chemical reactor safety"

Athar, Muhammad, Nor Ayuni Binti Zaidi, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Azizul Buang e Muhammad Ishaq Khan. "Chemical reactor inherent safety index at preliminary design stage". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 458 (24 dicembre 2018): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/458/1/012048.

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Chen, Junjie, e Baofang Liu. "CFD Modeling and Operation Strategies for Hetero-/Homogeneous Combustion of Methane-Air Mixtures in Catalytic Microreactors Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics". Chemical Product and Process Modeling 11, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2016): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2015-0053.

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Abstract The hetero-/homogeneous combustion of methane-air mixtures in platinum-coated microreactors was investigated by means of two-dimensional CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations with detailed chemical reaction schemes, detailed species transport, and heat transfer mechanisms in the solid wall. Detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical kinetic mechanisms are employed to describe the chemistry. The effects of the reactor size, inlet velocity and feed composition were elucidated. Operation strategies for controlling the heterogeneous and homogeneous chemistry in heterogeneous-homogeneous microreactors were developed. Simulations using these mechanisms suggested that homogeneous chemistry can be sustained for gaps well below the quenching distance because of enhanced catalyst-induced heating. This finding has very important ramifications for catalyst safety and lifetime, as well as can be used to produce chemicals, e. g. in oxidative coupling and oxidative dehydrogenation reactions. The proportion of heterogeneous and homogeneous contributions depends strongly upon the reactor operating conditions. Reactor size plays a vital role in the homogeneous chemistry contribution. Smaller reactors result in reduced homogeneous chemistry contribution. Pure heterogeneous chemistry can occur under certain proper conditions, such as heat loss/heat exchange rates, feed compositions, and flow rates. The competition or synergism between homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry was delineated.

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Muscalu, Constantin, Gheorghe Maria e Daniel Dinculescu. "The Reactor Size Influence on the Optimal Operating Setpoint Choice for a Fixed-Bed Multi-Tubular Catalytic Reactor". Revista de Chimie 69, n. 8 (15 settembre 2018): 2012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.8.6464.

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Optimal operation of chemical reactors of high thermal sensitivity is a central engineering problem of very high current interest. One elegant alternative to choose the optimal setpoint when at least two contrary (opposite) objectives are considered is based on the so-called Pareto-optimal front technique. This paper exemplifies how to generate Pareto optimal operating policies when reactor productivity and safety objectives (expressed in probabilistic terms) are simultaneously considered in the presence of technological constraints, uncertainty in safety boundaries, and random fluctuations in control variables. Beside the operating control variables, one important design variable is the reactor pipe diameter because it is directly related to the reaction heat removal. This paper exemplifies the influence of this design variable on the setpoint choice when applying the Pareto-optimal front method with computing the runaway-boundaries by using the generalized sensitivity criterion of Morbidelli and Varma (MV-criterion). An example is provided for an industrial fixed-bed tubular reactor used for the catalytic oxidation of benzene to maleic anhydride (MA) in vapour phase.

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Li, Zhi Hua, e Ning Chen. "Study on Pressure Detection and Relief Device of Bio Chemical Equipment". Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (gennaio 2014): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.373.

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This paper describes the chemical equipment and design overpressure conditions. Analysis of the different setting conditions on the discharge area of influence drawn: set a smaller discharge pressure tends to reduce the discharge area; reaction should be increased to increase the quality of the material discharge area; For gas system, increasing large volume of the reactor or the design pressure discharge area required can be reduced, when designing the reactor discharge area is too large can not meet the case of volume of the reactor can be increased and thus meet the requirements of the design pressure. By analyzing the results, in the design of the discharge system, can effectively reduce the discharge area, to meet safety and economy.

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MITROPETROS, K., P. FOMIN e H. HIERONYMUS. "Safety aspects of a bubbly medium inside a chemical reactor". Chemical Engineering Journal 107, n. 1-3 (15 marzo 2005): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2004.12.006.

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Azmi, A., S. A. Sata, F. S. Rohman e N. Aziz. "Dynamic optimization of low-density polyethylene production in tubular reactor under thermal safety constraint". Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, n. 00 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq190108027a.

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A commercial low-density polyethylene (LDPE) which is produced by the polymerization process of ethylene in the presence of initiators in a long tubular reactor is the most widely used in polymer industry. The highly exothermic nature of the LDPE polymerization process and the heating-cooling prerequisite in tubular reactor can lead to various problems particularly safety in term of thermal runaway and productivity, i.e. decreasing monomer conversion. Therefore, model based optimization of an industrial LDPE tubular reactor under thermal safety consideration is required to be implemented. A first principle model for this process is developed and validated using industrial data. Mass and energy balances have been derived from kinetics of LDPE polymerization. Thereafter, an expression of reactor temperature under critical condition is developed and incorporated in the reference model for the thermal safety study. In order to ensure the process is thermally safe and meet the desired product grade, the constrained dynamic optimization is proposed to maximize the conversion of monomer using orthogonal collocation (OC). The dynamic optimization result shows that the maximum reaction temperature under critical condition constraint can be satisfied by optimizing reactor jacket. Moreover, it is achieved without jeopardizing the monomer conversion and the product grade.

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Erwin, S., K. Schulz, H. U. Moritz, C. Schwede e H. Kerber. "Increased Reactor Performance versus Reactor Safety Aspects in Acrylate Copolymerization". Chemical Engineering & Technology 24, n. 3 (marzo 2001): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4125(200103)24:3<305::aid-ceat305>3.0.co;2-o.

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Bibhab Kumar, Lodh. "The transformative role of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in chemical engineering". Open Journal of Chemistry 10, n. 1 (12 marzo 2024): 001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojc.000033.

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Chemical engineering is a discipline intrinsically linked to fluid behavior. From reaction kinetics to reactor design, understanding how fluids flow, mix, and transfer heat is paramount. Traditionally, this relied heavily on experimentation, a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. The emergence of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has revolutionized the field, offering a powerful in-silico approach to analyze fluid dynamics in chemical engineering processes. This review paper explores the transformative role of CFD, examining its impact on various aspects of chemical engineering, including reactor design, optimization, process intensification, scale-up, and safety analysis. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with CFD simulations, ongoing advancements in the field, and potential future directions.

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Mcintosh, A. C., B. F. Gray, G. C. Wake e R. Ball. "The stability of a near-adiabatic Endex batch CSTR reactor". ANZIAM Journal 43, n. 1 (luglio 2001): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181100011421.

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AbstractMany tens of serious incidents involving reactors occur in the developed countries each year. The disaster at the chemical plant in Bhopal, India in 1984 was particularly notable where a thermal runaway process led to more than 3000 tragic fatalities from the cloud of extremely toxic methyl isocyanate that boiled out of a storage tank. This signalled the design of special types of chemical reactors to reduce the risk of thermal runaway by planning (at the design stage) integral safety and thermal stabilization mechanisms. The Endex CSTR (continuously stirred tank reactor) proposed by Gray and Ball [3] involves a reactor in two parts with heat exchange allowed between them. The two parts of the reactor operate side by side in tandem, such that the thermal runaway of one part is offset by an endothermic reaction in the other reactor—hence the term ‘endex’.It is found that the adiabatic endex system has a large region of parameter space where the operation can be made safe. However adiabatic conditions rely on the continuous supply of reactants to the endothermic side of the reactor, for operation of the system. The risks involved are such that it is always safer to operate batch reactors in a non-adiabatic mode. Thus we consider the limiting case of the approach to adiabatic conditions where although the mathematics produces no oscillatory causes for instability, yet there is a narrow but significant area where the stable solution branch is lost and consequently a persistent and unexpected region of instability in what otherwise appears to be a simple CSTR system.

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Marchix, Anthony, e Manon Dieuaide. "Molten salt fast reactor SAMOFAR: Safety issues of the chemical plant". EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 22004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023922004.

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The concept of Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) has been selecting by the Generation IV International forum as it presents interesting features in terms of safety, sustainability and economics. SAMOFAR project aims to provide the safety assessment of the MSFR concept based on the Thorium fuel cycle. This document provides the radiological assessments for the chemical plant, including shielding requirements and decay heat evaluations.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Chemical reactor safety"

Sahin, Kemal Hunkar. "COMBINED SAFETY AND ECONOMIC OPTIMALITY IN CHEMICAL PROCESS DESIGN". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin973708026.

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Frewin, Christopher L. "Design and Implementation of a 200mm 3C-SiC CVD Reactor". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001855.

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Alcantara, Manzueta Santiago Elias. "Etude de la sécurité thermique d'un réacteur chimique : approche par contrôle de la température". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR45.

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Dans cette thèse, ma contribution se concentre sur le développement d’une méthodologie pour le contrôle intelligent de la température maximale dans un réacteur tubulaire. Ces expressions sont dérivées d'un modèle analytique précédemment publié par (Vernières-Hassimi et al., 2016) et ont été adaptées et simplifiées pour leur application dans ce contexte. La première expression analytique développée concerne le calcul de la position de la température maximale de réaction, un paramètre fondamental pour la sécurité dans les réacteurs tubulaires. Cette expression permet d'analyser le comportement du point chaud à l'intérieur du réacteur et comment sa position varie en fonction des changements dans les paramètres d'entrée, ce qui facilite une sélection plus appropriée des configurations opérationnelles. De plus, cette expression s'intègre avec la formule précédemment développée par (Vernières-Hassimi et al., 2016). La deuxième expression est le résultat d'une résolution de l'équation originale, par laquelle on calcule la température de refroidissement du réacteur. Cette expression est particulièrement utile pour déterminer la température de refroidissement face à des variations des conditions opérationnelles, fournissant ainsi un outil efficace pour la gestion thermique du système
In this thesis, my contribution focuses on the development of a methodology for intelligent control of the maximum temperature in a tubular reactor. These expressions are derived from an analytical model previously published by (Vernières-Hassimi et al., 2016) and have been adapted and simplified for their application in this context. The first analytical expression developed concerns the calculation of the position of the maximum reaction temperature, a fundamental parameter for safety in tubular reactors. This expression allows for the analysis of the behaviour of the hot spot inside the reactor and how its position varies according to changes in input parameters, which facilitates a more appropriate selection of operational configurations. Furthermore, this expression integrates with the formula previously developed by (Vernières-Hassimi et al., 2016). The second expression results from a resolution of the original equation, through which the reactor's cooling temperature is calculated. This expression is particularly useful for determining the cooling temperature in response to variations in operational conditions, thus providing an effective tool for the thermal management of the system

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Hare, John Andrew. "The venting of a runaway esterification reaction on both the laboratory and pilot scales". Thesis, London South Bank University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245039.

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Kauric, Guilhem. "Contribution to the investigation of the chemical interaction between sodium and irradiated MOX fuel for the safety of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF027.

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Dans le cas d’un accident grave dans un réacteur refroidi au sodium, des interactions entre le combustible irradié et le sodium pourraient se produire à très haute température. Pour pouvoir prédire la dégradation des aiguilles combustibles et les phases produites en tenant compte de tous les systèmes présents dans le combustible irradié, une étude des systèmes Na-PF-Pu-U-O avec PF= Ba, Cs, I, Mo, Te est primordiale. Pour un système avec de nombreux éléments à étudier sur une large échelle de température et de composition, la méthode Calphad est particulièrement adaptée. Celle-ci permet de prédire les phases formées en fonction de la température, pression et composition du système. Les composés dans le système Na-O-Pu-U ont été synthétisé par synthèse solide avec quatre ratios Pu/(U+Pu) différents dans les nanoparticules de MOX utilisés comme précurseurs. Les structures obtenues ont été caractérisés par DRX, ²³Na-RMN et HR-XANES. Le degré d’oxydation des échantillons a systématiquement été déterminé pour le plutonium et l’uranium et des mécanismes de compensations de charge avec insertion de sodium ou de lacunes d’oxygène ont été suggéré lorsque le degré d’oxydation du plutonium mesuré était différent du théorique. Les structures des composés quaternaires dans les systèmes Ba-Mo-Na-O et Cs-Mo-Na-O ont ensuite ont été étudiés par DRX, diffraction neutronique, DRX-HT, spectroscopie Raman-HT, XAS. L’enthalpie standard de formation et l’enthalpie de décomposition ont aussi été déterminées. Finalement, la section Cs₂MoO₄-Na₂MoO₄ a été ré-étudiée par DSC et un model Calphad pour ce système a été developpé
In case of a severe accident in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors, interactions between partly molten fuel and sodium could happen at high temperature. Therefore, to predict the degradation evolution of fuel pins and phase formation in the different systems existing in the irradiated fuel, a thorough study of the Na-FP-Pu-U-O with FP= Ba, Cs, I, Mo, Te has to be performed. For such multicomponent system and large temperature and composition range, the Calphad method is a suitable way for developing a thermodynamic database to predict the phase formation depending on the temperature, pressure and composition of the system. Compositions with four Pu/(U+Pu) ratio in the Na-O-Pu-U system were synthesised by solid state synthesis method using nanoparticules of MOX fuel and characterised by XRD, ²³Na-NMR and HR-XANES techniques. The oxidation state of plutonium and uranium in the different structures was systematiquely investigated. When the measured oxidation state of actinides was different from the theoretical one, charge compensation mechanisms were suggested either by adding sodium in the structure or oxygen vacancies. Then, the structure of quaternary compounds in the Ba-Mo-Na-O and Cs-Mo-Na-O systems were also investigated by several structural techniques (XRD, neutron diffraction, HT-XRD, HT-Raman spectroscopy, XAS). Thermodynamic properties such as standard enthalpy of formation or enthalpy of decomposition were also determined. Finally, the Cs₂MoO₄-Na₂MoO₄ pseudo-binary section was re-investigated experimentally by DSC and a Calphad model for this system was developed

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Sales, Saborit Jaime. "Development and validation of the HarsMeth NP methodology for the assessment of chemical reaction hazards". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9294.

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L'objectiu d'aquest treball es centra en el desenvolupament, comprovació i millora d'una metodologia per l'assessorament del perill tèrmic de les reaccions químiques, orientada especialment a les petites i mitjanes empreses. La metodologia està basada en un sistema de llistes de comprovació per identificar els perills, així com en altres eines senzilles d'entendre per a personal no expert en seguretat. Els orígens del desenvolupament de la metodologia es basen en dos eines existents, HarsMeth i Check Cards for Runaway. S'han pres diferents enfocaments per tal d'aconseguir una metodologia d'assessorament fiable. En primer lloc s'ha verificat l'eficàcia d'ambdues metodologies en diferents empreses dedicades al desenvolupament de productes de química fina, per determinar els punts forts i els punts febles de cada una de elles, i per aprofitar els avantatges identificats per tal de crear una unica metodologia anomenada HarsMeth version 2. A continuació, s'ha provat aquesta versió exhaustivament en dos empreses químiques per tal de millorarla, detectant fallades i allargant les llistes de comprovació amb la finalitat de cobrir el màxim número possible de qüestions per l'assessorament. Altres activitats s'han centrat en el desenvolupament d'eines per a la determinació teòrica de entalpies de reacció i per la identificació de perills tèrmics en equips de procés. La versió final de la metodologia que s'ha desenvolupat, anomenada HarsMeth New Process, està estructurada per tal de realitzar l'assessorament seguint els passos lògics en el desenvolupament d'un procés químic, començant per el disseny de la reacció química en el laboratori, seguit per l'anàlisi de la estabilitat i compatibilitat dels reactius, l'anàlisi de la perillositat de la reacció, l'escalat del procés, i la determinació de les mesures de seguretat necessàries per implementar el procés a escala industrial en funció dels perills identificats anteriorment. Un altre estratègia seguida per millorar la metodologia ha estat analitzar els accidents químics inclosos en la base de dades MARS amb la finalitat de determinar lliçons per aprendre dels accidents, així com per identificar quins aspectes de la metodologia haurien ajudat a prevenir els accidents, i a posar de relleu quins aspectes de la seguretat quimica s'han de tenir especialment en compte a les indústries de procés.
El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en el desarrollo, comprobación y mejora de una metodología para el asesoramiento del peligro térmico de las reacciones químicas, orientada especialmente a las pequeñas y medianas empresas. La metodología está basada en un sistema de listas de comprobación para identificar los peligros, así como en otras herramientas fáciles de entender para personal no experto en seguridad. Los orígenes del desarrollo de la metodología se basan en dos herramientas existentes, HarsMeth y Check Cards for Runaway. Se han seguido diferentes enfoques para llegar a una metodología de asesoramiento fiable. En primer lugar se ha verificado la eficacia de ambas metodologías en diferentes empresas dedicadas al desarrollo de productos de química fina, para determinar las fuerzas y debilidades de cada una de ellas, y para aprovechar las ventajas identificadas para crear una única metodología llamada HarsMeth version 2. A continuación, se ha probado esta versión exhaustivamente en dos empresas químicas para mejorarla, detectando fallos y expandiendo las listas de comprobación con el fin de cubrir el máximo número de cuestiones posibles en el asesoramiento. Otras actividades se han centrado en el desarrollo de herramientas para la determinación teórica de entalpías de reacción y para la identificación de peligros térmicos en equipos de proceso. La versión final de la metodología que se ha desarrollado, llamada HarsMeth New Process, está estructurada para realizar el asesoramiento siguiendo los pasos lógicos del desarrollo de un proceso químico, empezando por el diseño de la reacción química en el laboratorio, siguiendo con el análisis de la estabilidad y compatibilidad de los reactivos, el análisis de la peligrosidad de la reacción, el escalado del proceso y la determinación de medidas de seguridad necesarias para implementar el proceso a escala industrial en función de los peligros identificados anteriormente. Otra estrategia seguida para mejorar la metodología ha sido analizar los accidentes químicos incluidos en la base de datos MARS con el fin de determinar lecciones a aprender de los accidentes, así como identificar qué aspectos cubiertos por la metodología podrían haber ayudado a prevenir los accidentes, y a enfatizar qué aspectos de la seguridad química deben tener especialmente presentes las industrias de proceso.
The aim of this work is focused on the development, testing and improvement of a methodology for the assessment of thermal hazards of chemical reactions, mainly oriented to be used at small and medium enterprises. The methodology consists on a checklist based system to identify thermal hazards, including tools easy to be followed by non experts in the field of safety. The origins of the development are two already existing tools known as HarsMeth and Check Cards for Runaway. Different approaches have been followed in order to come up with a reliable assessment tool. In the first place, the two mentioned methodologies were tested at different companies working on fine chemical production, which gave the possibility to determine strengths and weaknesses for both methodologies, and to profit from the identified strengths to combine them to create one single tool called HarsMeth version 2. Later, this version was thoroughly tested at two different companies to improve it, by detecting flaws and expanding the checklists in order to cover as many issues as possible in the assessment. Further work performed aimed at the development of tools for the theoretical estimation of reaction enthalpies and for the identification of thermal hazards in process equipment. A final version of the methodology was produced, called HarsMeth New Process, structured to perform the hazard assessment at every step followed in the development of a chemical process, starting from the design of the chemical reaction at the laboratory, followed by the study of stability and compatibility of the reactants involved, the bench scale analysis of the synthesis path chosen, the scale up of the process and the determination of the necessary safety measures for the implementation of the process at industrial scale in accordance with the hazards identified. Another strategy followed in order to improve the methodology has been to analyse the chemical accidents reported to the MARS database in order to establish lessons learned from such accidents, and to identify what topics of the methodology could have helped to prevent the accidents and to emphasize what aspects of chemical safety need to be taken into account by the process industries.

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Dakkoune, Amine. "Méthodes pour l'analyse et la prévention des risques d'emballement thermique Zero-order versus intrinsic kinetics for the determination of the time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMR_ad): application to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide Risk analysis of French chemical industry Fault detection in the green chemical process : application to an exothermic reaction Analysis of thermal runaway events in French chemical industry Early detection and diagnosis of thermal runaway reactions using model-based approaches in batch reactors". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR30.

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L’histoire des événements accidentels dans les industries chimiques montre que leurs conséquences sont souvent graves sur les plans humain, environnemental et économique. Cette thèse vise à proposer une approche de détection et de diagnostic des défauts dans les procédés chimiques afin de prévenir ces événements accidentels. La démarche commence par une étude préalable qui sert à identifier les causes majeures responsables des événements industriels chimiques en se basant sur le retour d’expérience (REX). En France, selon la base de données ARIA, 25% des évènements sont dus à l’emballement thermique à cause d’erreurs d’origine humaine. Il est donc opportun de développer une méthode de détection et de diagnostic précoce des défauts dus à l’emballement thermique. Pour cela nous développons une approche qui utilise des seuils dynamiques pour la détection et la collecte de mesures pour le diagnostic. La localisation des défauts est basée sur une classification des caractéristiques statistiques de la température en fonction de plusieurs modes défectueux. Un ensemble de classificateurs linéaires et de diagrammes de décision binaires indexés par rapport au temps sont utilisés. Enfin, la synthèse de l'acide peroxyformique dans un réacteur discontinu et semi-continu est considérée pour valider la méthode proposée par des simulations numériques et ensuite expérimentales. Les performances de détection de défauts se sont révélées satisfaisantes et les classificateurs ont démontré un taux de séparabilité des défauts élevés
The history of accidental events in chemical industries shows that their human, environmental and economic consequences are often serious. This thesis aims at proposing an approach of detection and diagnosis faults in chemical processes in order to prevent these accidental events. A preliminary study serves to identify the major causes of chemical industrial events based on experience feedback. In France, according to the ARIA database, 25% of the events are due to thermal runaway because of human errors. It is therefore appropriate to develop a method for early fault detection and diagnosis due to thermal runaway. For that purpose, we develop an approach that uses dynamical thresholds for the detection and collection of measurements for diagnosis. The localization of faults is based on a classification of the statistical characteristics of the temperature according to several defectives modes. A multiset of linear classifiers and binary decision diagrams indexed with respect to the time are used for that purpose. Finally, the synthesis of peroxyformic acid in a batch and semi batch reactor is considered to validate the proposed method by numerical simulations and then experiments. Faults detection performance has been proved satisfactory and the classifiers have proved a high isolability rate of faults

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Chauhan, Apoorv Singh. "Construction Sites Safety in India: An Assessment Through Eyes of Workers". Thesis, 2016. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/8434/1/2016_MT_214CH2521_ASChauhan.pdf.

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The construction industry has been the backbone of a nation in development processes and economy. It is one of the most hazardous industry not by severity ratio but by occurrence ratio. It is the largest employer of workers in the agriculture industry, thus making it more prone to accidents. Environment, Health & Safety (EHS)is an area that covers every profession and it is an essential area of the industry. The right knowledge about this can lead to human lives being saved, which is more important than properties loss. EHS empowers a worker/person regarding his work,his conduct,and his motives. EHS allows a worker to be more aware, be more cautious and be more productive. Psychological analysis can empower a worker to be more effective and productive.It increases the will power of workers,‘where there is a will,there is way’.This thesis is regarding the assessment of construction sites in India, through an eye of a worker which leads us to various revelations in the sites and thus portray the picture of how their welfare is being taken off in the industry. The study showed how a worker is dealt with various induction processes and training modules that educates him about EHS. This report also tells us the voids that have been left untouched and which play a significant role in workers’ safety. These voids have been addressed in this report, and solutions have been suggested along with them. The study was conducted on an observational basis which leads to the psychological analysis of workers, their understanding of safety policies, their active participation in safety meetings and their meaning of training imparted to them. The psychological study answers the 5 W’s (why, where, whom, who and whose) of accidents. This study recommends in the improvement and organising worker-to-safety engineer talks.

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Lin, Ming-Yun, e 凌明雲. "The Impact of Industrial Safety Accident on Short-term Stock Price Reaction - Case of Lee Chang Yung Chemical Co". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ss6hys.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
財務管理研究所
103
This paper tests two hypotheses, i.e., contagion hypothesis versus competitive hypothesis by investigating the impact of unexpected industrial safety accident on short term stock price reaction of the competitive firms in the same industry. The contagion hypothesis suggests that the industrial safety event would release the bad news for the competitive firms in the same industry because the investors would hurry to sell their stocks in hand, therefore, the contagion hypothesis expects that a firm would experience significantly negative abnormal returns when its rival firm meets with an unexpected industrial safety accident. On the other hand, the competitive hypothesis suggests that if the unexpected industrial safety accident conveys information about the demand swift, this information is positive for the other firms in the same industry because they can expect an increase in demand. Therefore, the competitive hypothesis expects that a firm would experience the significantly positive abnormal returns when its rival firm meets with an unexpected industrial safety accident. Based on the standard methodology of event study, this paper uses 59 unexpected industrial safety accidents for listed firms in Taiwan stock market during the period 2000 to 2014. We conclude that a firm would experience the significantly positive abnormal returns when its rival firm meets with an unexpected industrial safety accident. Thus, the competitive hypothesis appears to be supported in this study.

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Libri sul tema "Chemical reactor safety"

1932-, Benuzzi A., e Zaldívar J. M. 1958-, a cura di. Safety of chemical batch reactors and storage tanks. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

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John, Barton, Rogers Richard e Institution of Chemical Engineers (Great Britain), a cura di. Chemical reaction hazards: A guide. Rugby, Warwickshire, UK: Institution of Chemical Engineers, 1993.

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1935-, Barton John, e Rogers Richard 1951-, a cura di. Chemical reaction hazards: A guide to safety. 2^a ed. Houston, Tex: Gulf Pub. Co., 1997.

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American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for process safety in batch reaction systems. New York: Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1999.

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G, Miller D., Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. e Chalk River Laboratories. Reactor Chemistry Branch., a cura di. Controlling radiation fields in CANDU reactors using chemical decontamination technologies. Chalk River, Ont: Reactor Chemistry Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, 1997.

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Nazarov, Vyacheslav, Roman Sandu e Dmitriy Makarenkov. Technique and technology of combined processing of solid waste. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/996365.

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The educational manual provides information about industrial and domestic waste. The properties of the lithosphere and the soil components. The estimation of soil pollution by industrial and household waste. The peculiarities of classification of wastes and provides criteria for determining risk. Describe the General pattern of the combined methods of processing that use mechanical, physical, thermal and biothermal recycling processes. In detail the construction described granulating equipment, methods of intensification of processes, process flow sheets and engineering calculation methods. Special attention is given to the thermal methods of waste treatment, process lines, constructions of furnaces and reactors. On the basis of the system approach with use of data of environmental monitoring are considered the methodology for selecting the most available technology. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Intended for independent work of undergraduates majoring in 20.04.01 "Technospheric safety" (master level), 20.03.01 "Technosphere safety" (bachelor level), 18.03.01 "Chemical technology" 18.03.02 "Energy and resource saving processes in chemical technology, petrochemistry and biotechnology". Can be useful for engineers and technicians of chemical industry and related industries.

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Takagi, Jinzaburō. Takagi Jinzaburō chosakushū. Tōkyō: Nanatsumori Shokan, 2001.

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Powers, D. A. Submission for the CSNI/GREST benchmark exercise on chemical thermodynamic modeling in core-concrete interaction releases of radionuclides. Washington, DC: Division of Systems Research, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.

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Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS). Guidelines for Process Safety in Batch Reaction Systems. Wiley-AIChE, 1999.

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Rogers, Richard, e John Barton. Chemical Reaction Hazards, Second Edition. 2^a ed. Gulf Professional Publishing, 1997.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Chemical reactor safety"

Liu, Yan, Xiaojing Liu, Sijia Du, Jiageng Wang e Hui He. "Multi-Physics Coupling Model for Thermal Hydraulics and Solute Transport in CRUD Deposits". In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 396–411. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_35.

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AbstractThe porous Chalk River Unidentified Deposit (CRUD) depositions on the fuel cladding have a great impact on the heat transfer and power distribution of the reactor, resulting in a decrease in reactor safety and economy. In current paper, a multi-physics model is developed to simulate thermal hydraulics and boron hideout within the CRUD depositions. Processes including heat transfer, pressure drop, capillary flow, solute transport, chemical reactions and radiolysis reactions are fully coupled. The coolant flows through the capillary tubes in the porous medium and evaporates into steam at the surface of chimneys. The solute diffuses into the porous medium by capillary flow and maintains its chemical equilibrium. Chemistry and thermal hydraulics are coupled by saturation temperature that varies with solute concentrations. The new model can reasonably predict the distributions of temperature, pressure, Darcy velocity and chemical concentrations. This model shows the effect of evaporation at the chimney surface on CRUD temperature and boric acid concentration. In addition, the results show that boron hideout is caused by the accumulation of boric acid and the precipitation of Li2B4O7 at the bottom of CRUD. The influence of morphology parameters such as porosity, thickness, and chimney geometry on heat transfer and solute transport within CRUD depositions is also evaluated.

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Wester, D. W. "The View from Russia of the Soviet-Designed Reactor Safety Program of the U.S. Department of Energy". In Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management, 273–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4546-6_16.

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Wincek, John C. "Chemical Reaction Safety". In Handbook of Loss Prevention Engineering, 637–79. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527650644.ch24.

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Schipper, P. H., A. V. Sapre e Q. N. Le. "Chemical Aspects of Clean Fuels Production". In Chemical Reactor Technology for Environmentally Safe Reactors and Products, 147–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2747-9_7.

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Kan, Ahmet, e Yusuf Serhat Karakeci. "Allergic Toxicity of Foods". In Food Safety, 425–31. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358787.30.

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Food allergies are common and affect up to 10% of infants in some countries. Oral ingestion of certain nutrients may cause adverse reactions such as urticaria and anaphylaxis. Substances (biological, chemical, or physical) that can cause reactions in sensitive people are called food allergens. Many factors affect the type and severity of the reaction, such as the type and amount of the allergen, the way it enters the body, and the personal hypersensitivity level. Food allergy is a growing health problem affecting a significant number of people worldwide. Food allergy is increasing markedly in prevalence in both western and developing countries. Various chemicals in foods are common in all food groups, and it is extremely difficult to implement multiple diets to avoid these chemicals. It is also important to acknowledge the lack of rigorous research on food allergy-like symptoms caused by chemicals. To accurately detect such diseases, objective methods need to be investigated in more detail and standardized. Healthcare professionals need to distinguish food allergies from allergy-like toxic reactions.

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Cao, G., M. Morbidelli e A. Varma. "Thermal Sensitivity and Runaway in Chemical Reacting Systems". In Chemical Reactor Technology for Environmentally Safe Reactors and Products, 443–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2747-9_18.

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Ravella, A. "How Should Environmentally Benign Gasolines be Formulated?" In Chemical Reactor Technology for Environmentally Safe Reactors and Products, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2747-9_1.

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Rostrup-Nielsen, Jens, Ib Dybkjaer e Lars J. Christiansen. "Steam Reforming Opportunities and Limits of the Technology". In Chemical Reactor Technology for Environmentally Safe Reactors and Products, 249–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2747-9_10.

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Baerns, M. "Oxidative Coupling of Methane for the Utilization of Natural Gas". In Chemical Reactor Technology for Environmentally Safe Reactors and Products, 283–316. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2747-9_11.

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Altin, Orhan, Isik Onal, Timur Doğu e J. B. Butt. "Dysprosium Oxide for Oxidative Coupling of Methane". In Chemical Reactor Technology for Environmentally Safe Reactors and Products, 317–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2747-9_12.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Chemical reactor safety"

Kumar, Deepak, G. L. Pahuja e J. K. Quamara. "Chemical Reactor Safety System Reliability Under Common Cause Failure". In 2018 3rd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rteict42901.2018.9012319.

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Forsberg, C. W., M. Gorensek, S. Herring e P. Pickard. "Safety Related Physical Phenomena for Coupled High-Temperature Reactors and Hydrogen Production Facilities". In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58223.

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High-temperature reactors are a potential low-carbon source of high-temperature heat for chemical plants—including hydrogen production plants and refineries. Unlike electricity, high temperature heat can only be transported limited distances; thus, the reactor and chemical plants will be close to each other. A critical issue is to understand potential safety challenges to the reactor from the associated chemical plant events to assure nuclear plant safety. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) recently sponsored a Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) exercise to identify potential safety-related physical phenomena for high-temperature reactors coupled to a hydrogen production or similar chemical plant. The ranking process determines what types of chemical plant transients and accidents could present the greatest risks to the nuclear plant and thus the priorities for safety assessments. The assessment yielded four major observations. Because the safety philosophy for most chemical plants (dilution) is different than the safety philosophy for nuclear power plants (containment), this difference must be recognized and understood when considering safety challenges to a nuclear reactor from coupled chemical plants or refineries. Accidental releases of hydrogen from a hydrogen production facility are unlikely to be a major hazard for the nuclear plant assuming some minimum separation distances. Many chemical plants under accident conditions can produce heavy ground-hugging gases such as oxygen, corrosive gases, and toxic gases that can have major off-site consequences because of the ease of transport from the chemical plant to off-site locations. Oxygen presents a special concern because most proposed nuclear hydrogen processes convert water into hydrogen and oxygen; thus, oxygen is the primary byproduct. These types of potential accidents must be carefully accessed. Last, the potential consequences of the failure of the intermediate heat transport loop that moves heat from the reactor to the chemical plant must be carefully assessed.

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Song, Wei, Hongyi Yang, Chunming Zhang e Jiaxu Zuo. "Discussion on the Application of Fire Probability Safety Assessment to Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor". In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15780.

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As sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) uses liquid sodium as coolant, the risk of sodium fire is brought to reactor safety, which is different from conventional fire. Sodium is very chemically active, and violent chemical reactions can happen when sodium is exposed to air or water. Sodium fire is a typical and distinctive hazard in sodium cooled fast reactors, which is probably one of the main contributors to the total reactor risk. In this paper, the methodology of fast reactor sodium fire risk assessment is studied, and the principles and procedure of sodium fire probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) are given. The application of this technology in China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) is explored, and several key problems which need more research in the future during the process of sodium fire probabilistic safety assessment are discussed.

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Xia, Xiaojiao, Juhua Wen e Weigang Ma. "Steam Generator Secondary Side Chemical Cleaning During Reactor Plant Cooling Down". In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16127.

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For safe and reliable operation of NPP steam generators, it is required to remove the sludge from heat exchanging tubes and steam generator (SG) volume in due time. Chemical cleaning technology of SG secondary side during NPP cooling down will be used in Tianwan NPP, which was used to remove iron and copper oxides from steam generators secondary side in Russia NPPs and to resume the heat exchange capacity of heat exchange tubes. To validate and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the SG cleaning formula during NPP cooling down provided by Russia (RF) for Tianwan NPP, cleaning effective tests and safety tests were done in autoclave with the chemical cleaning process parameters simulated. To compared with RF, cleaning effective tests and safety tests were done with A3B1 under the same condition. Cleaning effective test results showed that the simulated sludge for Tianwan NPP can be more effectively dissolved and removed with A3B1 than with RF. Cleaning safety test results showed that the general corrosion amount of 0Cr18Ni10Ti stainless steel was very low but the general corrosion amount of SA508-III steel was high both with A3B1 formula and the formula provided by Russia.

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Taylor, David J., Fred J. Steinkruger, David E. Christiansen e Donald J. Gettemy. "Chemical Species from Tritium-Breeding Compacts by Raman Spectroscopy". In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.tub.6.

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The retention of tritium in reactor breeding compacts has been studied in these experiments at conditions simulating nuclear reactor accidents, and the experimental results have been used to determine New Production Reactor safety envelopes. The tritium-breeding compacts tested contain thousands of spherical particles within a carbonaceous matrix; each particle is fabricated as a kernel of lithium aluminate, enriched in 6Li for breeding tritium by (n,α) reaction, surrounded by consecutive shells of porous carbon, pyrolytic carbon, silicon carbide, and pyrolytic carbon to retain the tritium during breeding. The experiments demonstrated that in an accident with a sudden reactor temperature jump to 1300°C, more than 99% of the tritium would be retained within the compact for over 50 hours, which is ample time to bring such an accident under control. In these experiments, chemical species released from the compacts were measured by laser-Raman spectroscopy to enable design of chemical safety systems. Chemical species that were observed at intermediate temperatures, including H2O, H2, CO, and hydrocarbons, resulted from compact exposure to air, whereas species released at high temperatures, including HT and CO, originated within the particles. The Raman data identified the dominant tritiated species to be HT, at concentrations commensurate with measurements of total tritium using ion chambers and scintillation counter. These tests attained Raman detectability as low as 6.4 parts-per-million (ppm) for HT.

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Veser, G., G. Friedrich, M. Freygang e R. Zengerle. "A Simple and Flexible Micro Reactor for Investigations on Heterogeneous Catalytic Gas Phase Reactions". In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1243.

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Abstract Micro reactors, i.e. chemical reactors with characteristic dimensions in the sub-millimeter range, hold great promise for novel chemical process routes (Lerou 1996, Wengeng 1996). Among their potential advantages for chemical processes are: the very small thermal inertia, allowing for a very direct control of temperature as a very critical reaction parameter; their inherent safety due to both the small reactant volume being present at any time in the reactor and the well controllable reactor and reaction conditions; and their small dimensions, making them easy to integrate into existing processes or to use them where space requirements are critical. Furthermore, for heterogeneously catalysed gas phase reactions, micro reactors offer the additional advantage of allowing for a very large surface to volume ratio. This should at least theoretically allow for an effective suppression of homogeneous gas phase reactions, since free surfaces typically are strong sinks for radical species which are required to keep the homogeneous reaction alive. Therefore, it should be possible to conduct a heterogeneously catalysed reaction involving a mixture of potentially flammable (if not explosive) gases in a micro reactor without any danger of open flames and explosion. This has the two-fold advantage, that not only the reaction becomes intrinsically safe, but it should also be possible to study heterogeneously catalysed high-temperature reactions without influences by parallel homogeneous reaction Pathways, making it a very valuable tool for research into this class of reactions.

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Nevinitsyn, Vladimir Yu, e Alexander N. Labutin. "Software-hardware system for chemical reactor control systems design". In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM (ISTS) «IMPROVING ENERGY AND RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF PROCESSES AND DEVICES IN CHEMICAL AND RELATED INDUSTRIES». The Kosygin State University of Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/eeste-2021-2-92-95.

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The paper studies the methodology of synthesis, hardware in the loop simulation and debugging of chemical reactor control systems using software-hardware system based on programmable logic controllers.

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Labutin, Alexander N., Vladimir Yu Nevinitsyn, Galina V. Volkova e Yulia N. Zagarinskaya. "Nonlinear control algorithms of a chemical reactor thermal operation mode". In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM (ISTS) «IMPROVING ENERGY AND RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF PROCESSES AND DEVICES IN CHEMICAL AND RELATED INDUSTRIES». The Kosygin State University of Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/eeste-2021-2-72-74.

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Wang, Zhigang, Xiaojiang Wang, Jun Li, Lijuan Li e Jiang Liu. "Numerical Investigation of Chemical and Volume Control System Behavior in Normal Operation and Incident Situation". In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29273.

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The Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS) in nuclear pressurized power plant are in charge of coolant pump seal injection, primary loop volume control and plant safety or security. The characteristics of the system in normal operation and incident situation will leave a remarkable impact on the power plant safe operation and security. The numerical verification of CVCS behavior in normal operation shows that the model established in this paper can predict the thermal hydraulic characteristics of the system accurately. CVCS and SIS are numerical investigated with the Computational Software, Flowmaster V7.5, and the models are validated with design data. If SGTR takes place, the flow limits of letdown, charging and coolant pump seal injection will significantly influence the reactor safety. In this accident situation, the safety injection mode of the Reactor Safety Injection System will be switched into the charging mode of the Chemical and Volume Control System, the charging and seal injection maximum flowrates variations with Reactor Coolant System pressure are predicted, and different charging modes are simulated and compared in detail. The comparison results show that one low head safety injection pump of SIS will increase the charging and coolant pump seal injection flow significantly, but two low head safety injection pumps of SIS will not increase these two flows more greatly than the one low head safety injection pump mode.

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Haque, H., e G. Brinkmann. "Air Ingress Accident in a High Temperature Reactor with Prismatic Fuel". In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89205.

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In this paper, the safety behavior of the new generation high temperature reactors (HTRs) with prismatic fuels during air ingress accident conditions has been investigated. These reactors conceived primarily for the production of hydrogen, are characterized by their inherent safety features with respect to passive decay heat removal through conduction, radiation and natural convection. Air ingress is an HTR specific event. The potential threat posed by air ingress lies in the chemical reaction of oxygen with hot graphite at a temperature above 500 °C leading to reaction heat and graphite corrosion. A substantial amount of graphite burn-off can take place only if sufficient amount of air enters into the core. In order to better assess the phenomena of air ingress into the reactor, it is postulated that breaks are present above and below the reactor core and that unobstructed ingress of air through them is possible. It is obvious that the air ingress incident has to be preceded by a depressurization accident. For this hypothetical scenario the maximum possible air flow rate through the core resulting solely from the pressure losses in the core is determined as a function of the break cross sections exposed above and below the core. This paper demonstrates the thermal behavior of the ANTARES reactor (operating inlet/outlet temperatures 450/850 °C) for various air flow rates with respect to graphite burn-off and maximum temperatures of fuel and bottom reflector region. It indicates the limiting time at which the graphite layer of fuel will be completely burnt-off and the pellets exposed.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Chemical reactor safety"

Safety evaluation report related to the renewal of the facility license for the research reactor at the Dow Chemical Company. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6218417.

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