Articoli di riviste: "Chemical elicitation"

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Wang, Soon-Joo, e Seongyong Yoon. "Chemical Response Emergency Medical Information System in Chemical Disaster". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (maggio 2019): s108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002267.

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Introduction:There are many database sets and websites which provide chemical information, but they do not perform an adequate role for emergency medical support in a chemical disaster.Aim:To make the basis of a chemical emergency medical information system.Methods:We reviewed the database sets, mobile applications and websites in the world which provide chemical database and emergency medical response information from a chemical accident or disaster site to hospitals. Also, we examined chemical accident cases which developed during disasters. A chemical database set for emergency medical response was proposed and the algorithm for elicitation of chemicals suitable for emergency medical response and information providing. We performed a survey about chemical emergency medical information system to related personnel.Results:By four steps of elicitation of chemicals, the number of chemicals more than 100,000 was decreased to less than 1,000. The standard of steps includes accident preparedness, toxicity and circulating amount and expert consultation. Algorithm for elicitation of chemicals was made and 82% of related personnel supported the chemical emergency response algorithm. The emergency medical real-time consultation system for chemical disaster was placed under control of the call center.Discussion:When mass exposure by toxic chemicals occurs, the chemical emergency medical information system will be helpful for acute identification of chemicals, protection of related personnel and emergency medical response. Also, it can be possible to guide citizens immediately in case of a chemical disaster.

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Sae-Lee, Napaporn, Orapin Kerdchoechuen, Natta Laohakunjit, Benjawan Thumthanaruk, Dipayan Sarkar e Kalidas Shetty. "Improvement of Phenolic Antioxidant-linked Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity of Grape Cell Culture Elicited by Chitosan and Chemical Treatments". HortScience 52, n. 11 (novembre 2017): 1577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12248-17.

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Grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Pok Dum) is a rich source of health relevant phenolic antioxidants and can be targeted to mitigate chronic oxidative stress commonly associated with noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as cancer. Furthermore, improving health relevant phenolic bioactives and associated antioxidant properties of fruits by using chemical elicitation strategy has significant merit. Based on this biochemical rationale, chitosan and other chemical elicitors potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium nitrate (KNO3), sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), and aluminum sulphate [Al2(SO4)3] were targeted to improve phenolic bioactive profiles and associated antioxidant and anticancer properties of cultured grape cells grown for 28 days. After chemical elicitor treatments, phenolic content, resveratrol content, antioxidant activity, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, and cytotoxicity (cell inhibition) against cancer cell lines of cultured grape cells were investigated using in vitro assay models. Overall, stimulation of phenolic bioactives and improvement in associated cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines were found in cultured grape cells after chemical elicitation treatments. Chitosan and other chemical elicitors resulted in lower growth of cultured grape cells; however, they enhanced phenolic biosynthesis on a cell weight basis when compared with the control. Chemical elicitor treatments, such as Na2SeO3 (50 mg·L−1 and 100 mg·L−1) and Al2(SO4)3 (50 mg·L−1), resulted in enhanced phenolic content at the end of 14 days of culture (1.7, 1.4, and 1.0-fold increase, respectively). Higher accumulation of resveratrol and higher antioxidant activity with Al2(SO4)3 (50 mg·L−1) and Na2SeO3 (100 mg·L−1) elicitation treatments were also observed. Enhanced phenolic bioactives in cultured grape cells in response to chemical elicitation treatment, such as Na2SeO3, also resulted in higher cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. Therefore, this study indicates that chemical elicitors, such as Na2SeO3 and Al2(SO4)3, as well as chitosan in select doses can be targeted to improve phenolic bioactives and associated antioxidant and anticancer properties in cultured grape cells and such strategy has relevance for wider applications with other phenolic antioxidant-enriched fruits.

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Salgado Chavez, Jose Alberto, Luz Stella Ramirez Aristizabal e Oscar Marino Mosquera Martinez. "pomoea batatas(L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae) as a source of polyphenols with antitumor activity and prospects for in vitro production using chemical elicitors -A Review". Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas, n. 2 (30 marzo 2023): 156–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37360/blacpma.23.22.2.12.

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Ipomoea batatas has an enormous projection as functional food and it is an excellent source of anticancerous or chemopreventive substances. Plant tissue culture offers the possibility of inducing secondary metabolites production under controlled conditions and their projection for industrial purposes. To establish the state of knowledge regarding advances in polyphenols chemical elicitation from I. batatas and the possibility of producing potential anticancerous compounds in vitro culture systems, a bibliometric review and an analysis of information available until 2020 were made. Results showed that research field on which review was carried out is current and has a growing trend; however, sweet potato cell suspensions evaluation is scarce. Elicitation using compounds with hormonal effects represents a good alternative to increase phenolic acids production in this species. Advances in phenols elicitation from sweet potato cell suspensions will require search superior genotypes, and associating this knowledge with in vivo and in silico studies.

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Ryerson, Douglas E., e Michèle C. Heath. "Fungal elicitation of wall modifications in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto I. Attempts to mimic elicitation with chemical treatments". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 40, n. 4 (aprile 1992): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(92)90077-9.

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Pimentel-Elardo, Sheila M., Dan Sørensen, Louis Ho, Mikaela Ziko, Stephanie A. Bueler, Stella Lu, Joe Tao et al. "Activity-Independent Discovery of Secondary Metabolites Using Chemical Elicitation and Cheminformatic Inference". ACS Chemical Biology 10, n. 11 (18 settembre 2015): 2616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.5b00612.

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El-Hawary, Seham S., Marwa H. A. Hassan, Ahmed O. Hudhud, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen e Rabab Mohammed. "Elicitation for activation of the actinomycete genome's cryptic secondary metabolite gene clusters". RSC Advances 13, n. 9 (2023): 5778–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra08222e.

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Elicitation of secondary metabolites in actinomycetes: (TFD) Transcription Factor Decoys, (ORG) Overexpression of regulatory genes, (PRS) Promoter Replacement Strategy, (GRG) Global regulatory gene, (RGMS) Reporter-guided Mutant Selection.

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Yamano, Tetsuo, Mitsuru Shimizu e Tsutomu Noda. "Relative Elicitation Potencies of Seven Chemical Allergens in the Guinea Pig Maximization Test." JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 47, n. 2 (2001): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs.47.123.

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Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh, Ramin Rezaee, Masoumeh Mehmandoust, Fatemeh Sadat Madarshahi, Aristidis Tsatsakis e Gholamreza Karimi. "Coronatine elicitation alters chemical composition and biological properties of cumin seed essential oil". Microbial Pathogenesis 130 (maggio 2019): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.023.

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Kurata, Kazuo, Kazuma Fujimoto, Koji Fukagawa, Hiroshi Etoh, Yasufumi Okabe e Toshiie Sakata. "Evaluation for chemical structure of glucose analogufs which affect feeding elicitation in rats". Neuroscience Research Supplements 3 (gennaio 1986): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(86)90039-3.

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Yuliani, Farida, Widyatmani Sih Dewi, Ahmad Yunus e Usman Siswanto. "The Study of Artemisinin Content in Callus Artemisia annua L. Cultures Elicited with Endophytic Fungi Aspergillus sp." Molekul 13, n. 2 (8 dicembre 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2018.13.2.459.

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Artemisinin, is a sesquiterpene lactone which is originally extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L. Artemisinin is a very effective antimalarial agent, however it is produced in very low amounts in plants. Chemical synthesis of artemisinin is complicated and not economically feasible. Researchers often use elicitation methods to increase artemisinin content in a laboratory scale with biotic or abiotic elicitor. This study examined the effect of elicitation using endophytic fungi Aspergillus sp on artemisinin content of callus A. annua cultures. Observations were made on its growth, texture and color, chlorophyll content and dry weight. Fungi were isolated from the stem tissue of A. annua and callus were grown on Murashige and Skoog medium. After 3 weeks of incubation, callus treated with four different elicitors concentration (0, 2, 4, 6 mg/mL). There were significant alterations on callus culture in terms of growth, texture, color and chlorophyll content after elicitation. The results clearly demonstrated that the endophytic fungal elicitor Aspergillus sp could increase artemisinin content but did not affect the callus dry weight of A. annua. The treatment of 4 mg/mL elicitor produced the highest artemisinin content, that increased 7.6 times compared to the control, from 0.0036% to 0.0275%.

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Weber, Felix C., Tamás Németh, Janka Z. Csepregi, Anne Dudeck, Axel Roers, Béla Ozsvári, Eva Oswald et al. "Neutrophils are required for both the sensitization and elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity". Journal of Experimental Medicine 212, n. 1 (15 dicembre 2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20130062.

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Allergic contact dermatitis and its animal model, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), are T cell–mediated inflammatory skin diseases induced by contact allergens. Though numerous cellular and molecular players are known, the mechanism of chemical-induced sensitization remains poorly understood. Here, we identify neutrophils as crucial players in the sensitization phase of CHS. Genetic deficiency of neutrophils caused by myeloid-specific deletion of Mcl-1 or antibody-mediated depletion of neutrophils before sensitization abrogated the CHS response. Neutrophil deficiency reduced contact allergen-induced cytokine production, gelatinase release, and reactive oxygen species production in naive mice. Mast cell deficiency inhibited neutrophil accumulation at the site of sensitization. In turn, neutrophils were required for contact allergen-induced release of further neutrophil-attracting chemokines, migration of DCs to the draining lymph nodes, and priming of allergen-specific T cells. Lymph node cells from mice sensitized in the absence of neutrophils failed to transfer sensitization to naive recipients. Furthermore, no CHS response could be induced when neutrophils were depleted before elicitation or when normally sensitized lymph node cells were transferred to neutrophil-deficient recipients, indicating an additional role for neutrophils in the elicitation phase. Collectively, our data identify neutrophils to be critically involved in both the sensitization and elicitation phase of CHS.

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Hawrylak-Nowak, Barbara, Sławomir Dresler, Maria Stasińska-Jakubas, Magdalena Wójciak, Ireneusz Sowa e Renata Matraszek-Gawron. "NaCl-Induced Elicitation Alters Physiology and Increases Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Melissa officinalis L." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 13 (25 giugno 2021): 6844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136844.

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In nature, plants usually produce secondary metabolites as a defense mechanism against environmental stresses. Different stresses determine the chemical diversity of plant-specialized metabolism products. In this study, we applied an abiotic elicitor, i.e., NaCl, to enhance the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic secondary metabolites in Melissa officinalis L. Plants were subjected to salt stress treatment by application of NaCl solutions (0, 50, or 100 mM) to the pots. Generally, the NaCl treatments were found to inhibit the growth of plants, simultaneously enhancing the accumulation of phenolic compounds (total phenolics, soluble flavonols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids), especially at 100 mM NaCl. However, the salt stress did not disturb the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and proper functioning of the PS II photosystem. Therefore, the proposed method of elicitation represents a convenient alternative to cell suspension or hydroponic techniques as it is easier and cheaper with simple application in lemon balm pot cultivation. The improvement of lemon balm quality by NaCl elicitation can potentially increase the level of health-promoting phytochemicals and the bioactivity of low-processed herbal products.

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Almagro, Lorena, Alicia De Gea-Abellán, María Isabel Rodríguez-López, Estrella Núñez-Delicado, José Antonio Gabaldón e María Angeles Pedreño. "A Smart Strategy to Improve t-Resveratrol Production in Grapevine Cells Treated with Cyclodextrin Polymers Coated with Magnetic Nanoparticles". Polymers 12, n. 4 (24 aprile 2020): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040991.

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One of the most successfully procedures used to increase the production of t-resveratrol in Vitis vinifera suspension-cultured cells is the application of cyclodextrins (CDs) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) as elicitors. In particular, β-CDs are characterized by their chemical structure which makes them special, not only by acting as elicitors, but also because they are compounds capable of trapping high added-value hydrophobic molecules such as t-resveratrol. However, the use of β-CDs as elicitors increases the production costs of this compound, making their industrial exploitation economically unfeasible. Therefore, the development of β-CDs recovery strategies is necessary to provide a viable solution to their industrial use. In this work, carboxymethylated and hydroxypropylated β-CDs have been used to form polymers using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as a cross-linking agent. The polymers were coated to Fe3O4 nanoparticles and were jointly used with MJ to elicit V. vinifera suspension-cultured cells. Once elicitation experiments were finished, a magnet easily allowed the recovery of polymers, and t-resveratrol was extracted from them by using ethyl acetate. The results indicated that the production of t-resveratrol in the presence of free carboxymethyl-β-CDs was much lower than that found in the presence of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrins-EPI polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the maximal levels of t-resveratrol were found at 168 h of elicitation in the presence of 15 g/L hydroxypropyl-β-CDs polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles and MJ, and non-t-resveratrol was found in the extracellular medium, indicating that all the t-resveratrol produced by the cells and secreted into the culture medium was trapped by the polymer and extracted from it. This work also showed that polymers can be regenerated and reused during three cycles of continuous elicitation since the induction and adsorption capacity of hydroxypropyl-β-CDs polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles after these cycles of elicitation remained high, allowing high concentrations of t-resveratrol to be obtained.

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Farrell, Kelli, Md Jahan e Nik Kovinich. "Distinct Mechanisms of Biotic and Chemical Elicitors Enable Additive Elicitation of the Anticancer Phytoalexin Glyceollin I". Molecules 22, n. 8 (27 luglio 2017): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081261.

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Rodrigues-Corrêa, Kelly Cristine da Silva, e Arthur Germano Fett-Neto. "Seasonality and chemical elicitation of defense oleoresin production in field-grown slash pine under subtropical climate". Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 25, n. 1 (2013): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2197-00252013000100007.

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Lee, Jung-Eun, Yeo Ul Cho, Kyoung Heon Kim e Do Yup Lee. "Distinctive metabolomic responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to the chemical elicitation by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid". Process Biochemistry 51, n. 9 (settembre 2016): 1147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.029.

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Tampakaki, Anastasia P., e Nickolas J. Panopoulos. "Elicitation of Hypersensitive Cell Death by Extracellularly Targeted HrpZPsph Produced In Planta". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, n. 12 (dicembre 2000): 1366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.12.1366.

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The ability of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola harpin (HrpZPsph) to elicit hypersensitive response was investigated in three Nicotiana genotypes. The hrpZPsph gene was placed under chemical regulation (tetracycline induction) in TetR+ Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38 (W38) or was transiently expressed in N. benthamiana following infection with a PVX-derived vector and in three Nicotiana genotypes by agroinfiltration. The constructs were designed to express either the canonical form of harpin (HrpZPsph) or an N-terminally extended version of the protein carrying the signal peptide portion of the tobacco pathogenesis-related protein PR1a (SP-HrpZPsph). Stable transformants of N. tabacum cv. W38 did not develop necrosis upon induction with tetracycline, probably as a result of insufficient harpin accumulation. In contrast, N. benthamiana plants infected with the PVX constructs produced high concentrations of harpin in biologically active form, but only those expressing the secretable form of harpin developed necrotic symptoms. These symptoms were less severe than those caused by PVX∷avrPto; however, they were accompanied by induction of hsr203J, a hypersensitive response-specific gene transcript. These results suggest that the plant cellular receptor(s) for harpin is extracellular.

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Christopher, Ashish, Dipayan Sarkar e Kalidas Shetty. "Elicitation of Stress-Induced Phenolic Metabolites for Antimicrobial Applications against Foodborne Human Bacterial Pathogens". Antibiotics 10, n. 2 (23 gennaio 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020109.

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Foodborne bacterial pathogens in consumed foods are major food safety concerns worldwide, leading to serious illness and even death. An exciting strategy is to use novel phenolic compounds against bacterial pathogens based on recruiting the inducible metabolic responses of plant endogenous protective defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Such stress-inducible phenolic metabolites have high potential to reduce bacterial contamination, and particularly improve safety of plant foods. The stimulation of plant protective response by inducing biosynthesis of stress-inducible phenolics with antimicrobial properties is among the safe and effective strategies that can be targeted for plant food safety and human gut health benefits. Metabolically driven elicitation with physical, chemical, and microbial elicitors has shown significant improvement in the biosynthesis of phenolic metabolites with antimicrobial properties in food and medicinal plants. Using the above rationale, this review focuses on current advances and relevance of metabolically driven elicitation strategies to enhance antimicrobial phenolics in plant food models for bacterial-linked food safety applications. Additionally, the specific objective of this review is to explore the potential role of redox-linked pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) regulation for enhancing biosynthesis of stress-inducible antibacterial phenolics in elicited plants, which are relevant for wider food safety and human health benefits.

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León-López, Liliana, Yudith Escobar-Zúñiga, Nancy Yareli Salazar-Salas, Saraid Mora Rochín, Edith Oliva Cuevas-Rodríguez, Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno e Jorge Milán-Carrillo. "Improving Polyphenolic Compounds: Antioxidant Activity in Chickpea Sprouts through Elicitation with Hydrogen Peroxide". Foods 9, n. 12 (2 dicembre 2020): 1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121791.

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Elicitation appears to be a promising alternative to enhance the bioactive compound content and biological activities of legume sprouts. Multi-response optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) with desirability function (DF) was used to optimize the elicitor concentration (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) and germination time in order to maximize total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AOX) of chickpea sprouts. Chemical, antinutritional, and nutraceutical properties of optimized chickpea sprouts (OCS) were also determined. The predicted regression models developed were efficiently fitted to the experimental data. The results of the desirability function revealed that optimum attributes in chickpea sprouts can be achieved by the application of 30 mM H2O2 and 72 h of germination time, with global desirability value D = 0.893. These OCS had higher (p < 0.05) TPC (7.4%), total iso-flavonoids (16.5%), AOX (14.8%), and lower phytic acid (16.1%) and saponins (21.8%) compared to H2O2 non-treated chickpea sprouts. Optimized germination conditions slightly modified the flavonoid profile in chickpea; eight iso-flavonoids were identified in OCS, including formononetin and biochanin A, which were identified as the major compounds. Results from this study support elicitation with H2O2 as an effective approach to improve phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in chickpea sprouts.

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Szopa, Agnieszka, Michał Dziurka, Paweł Kubica, Karolina Jafernik, Oliwia Siomak e Halina Ekiert. "Stimulation of Lignan Production in Schisandra rubriflora In Vitro Cultures by Elicitation". Molecules 27, n. 19 (7 ottobre 2022): 6681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196681.

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The study investigated the effect of elicitation with: chitosan (CH) (200 mg/L), yeast extract (YeE) (3000 mg/L), ethephon (ETH) (25 µM/L), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (50 µM/L), on lignan accumulation in agitated and bioreactor (Plantform temporary immersion systems) microshoot cultures of female (F) and male (M) Schisandra rubriflora Rehd. et Wils. (Schisandraceae) lines. The elicitors were supplemented on the 10th day of culture. Biomasses were collected at 24 h and 48 h, and 4, 6, and 8 days after the addition of each elicitor. The 24 compounds from the dibenzocyclooctadiene, aryltetralin, dibenzylbutane, and tetrahydrofuran lignans and neolignans were determined qualitatively and quantitatively in biomass extracts using the UHPLC–MS/MS method. The highest total contents [mg/100 g DW] of lignans were: for CH-95.00 (F, day 6) and 323.30 (M, 48 h); for YeE 104.30 (F, day 8) and 353.17 (M, day 4); for ETH 124.50 (F, 48 h) and 334.90 (M, day 4); and for MeJA 89.70 (F, 48 h) and 368.50 (M, 24 h). In the biomass extracts of M cultures grown in bioreactors, the highest total lignan content was obtained after MeJA elicitation (153.20 mg/100 g DW). The maximum total lignan contents in the biomass extracts from agitated and bioreactor cultures were 3.29 and 1.13 times higher, respectively, than in the extracts from the non-elicited cultures. The poor understanding of the chemical composition and the lack of studies in the field of plant biotechnology of S. rubriflora emphasize the innovativeness of the research.

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Herrera-González, Juan Antonio, Silvia Bautista-Baños, Mario Serrano, Gianfranco Romanazzi e Porfirio Gutiérrez-Martínez. "Non-Chemical Treatments for the Pre- and Post-Harvest Elicitation of Defense Mechanisms in the Fungi–Avocado Pathosystem". Molecules 26, n. 22 (11 novembre 2021): 6819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226819.

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The greatest challenge for the avocado (Persea americana Miller) industry is to maintain the quality of the fruit to meet consumer requirements. Anthracnose is considered the most important disease in this industry, and it is caused by different species of the genus Colletotrichum, although other pathogens can be equally important. The defense mechanisms that fruit naturally uses can be triggered in response to the attack of pathogenic microorganisms and also by the application of exogenous elicitors in the form of GRAS compounds. The elicitors are recognized by receptors called PRRs, which are proteins located on the avocado fruit cell surface that have high affinity and specificity for PAMPs, MAMPs, and DAMPs. The activation of defense-signaling pathways depends on ethylene, salicylic, and jasmonic acids, and it occurs hours or days after PTI activation. These defense mechanisms aim to drive the pathogen to death. The application of essential oils, antagonists, volatile compounds, chitosan and silicon has been documented in vitro and on avocado fruit, showing some of them to have elicitor and fungicidal effects that are reflected in the postharvest quality of the fruit and a lower incidence of diseases. The main focus of these studies has been on anthracnose diseases. This review presents the most relevant advances in the use of natural compounds with antifungal and elicitor effects in plant tissues.

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Pedras, M. Soledade C., Corwin M. Nycholat, Sabine Montaut, Yiming Xu e Abdul Q. Khan. "Chemical defenses of crucifers: elicitation and metabolism of phytoalexins and indole-3-acetonitrile in brown mustard and turnip". Phytochemistry 59, n. 6 (marzo 2002): 611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00026-2.

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Olawoyin, Richard, e Amir H. Alavi. "Risk and reliability evaluation of gas connector systems using fuzzy theory and expert elicitation". Cogent Engineering 4, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2017): 1372731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2017.1372731.

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Braun, Sebastian G., Andreas Meyer, Otto Holst, Alfred Pühler e Karsten Niehaus. "Characterization of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Lipopolysaccharide Substructures Essential for Elicitation of an Oxidative Burst in Tobacco Cells". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, n. 7 (luglio 2005): 674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0674.

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The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria are essential for perception of pathogens by animals and plants. To identify the LPS substructure or substructures recognized by plants, we isolated water-phase (w)LPS from different Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris mutants and analyzed their sugar content and ability to elicit an oxidative burst in tobacco cell cultures. The different wLPS species are characterized by lacking repetitive subunits of the O-antigen, the complete O-antigen, or even most of the core region. Because loss of lipid A would be lethal to bacteria, pure lipid A was obtained from X. campestris pv. campestris wild-type wLPS by chemical hydrolysis. The elicitation experiments with tobacco cell cultures revealed that LPS detection is dependent on the bioavailability of the amphiphilic wLPS, which can form micelles in an aqueous environment. By adding deoxycholate to prevent micelle formation, all of the tested wLPS species showed elicitation capability, whereas the lipid A alone was not able to trigger an oxidative burst or calcium transients in tobacco cell cultures. These results suggest that the LPS substructure recognized by tobacco cells is localized in the inner core region of the LPS, consisting of glucose, galacturonic acid, and 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acids. Although lipid A alone seems to be insufficient to induce an oxidative burst in tobacco cell cultures, it cannot be ruled out that lipid A or the glucosamine backbone may be important in combination with the inner core structures.

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Ampofo, Josephine Oforiwaa, e Michael Ngadi. "Ultrasonic assisted phenolic elicitation and antioxidant potential of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) sprouts". Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 64 (giugno 2020): 104974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.104974.

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Martinez, E., L. Beltramini, H. Leone, C. A. Ruiz e E. Huete. "Knowledge elicitation and structuring for a real-time expert system for monitoring a butadiene extraction system". Computers & Chemical Engineering 16 (maggio 1992): S345—S352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(09)80041-0.

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Aparicio-Soto, Marina, Caterina Curato, Franziska Riedel, Hermann-Josef Thierse, Andreas Luch e Katherina Siewert. "In Vitro Monitoring of Human T Cell Responses to Skin Sensitizing Chemicals—A Systematic Review". Cells 11, n. 1 (28 dicembre 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11010083.

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Background: Chemical allergies are T cell-mediated diseases that often manifest in the skin as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). To prevent ACD on a public health scale and avoid elicitation reactions at the individual patient level, predictive and diagnostic tests, respectively, are indispensable. Currently, there is no validated in vitro T cell assay available. The main bottlenecks concern the inefficient generation of T cell epitopes and the detection of rare antigen-specific T cells. Methods: Here, we systematically review original experimental research papers describing T cell activation to chemical skin sensitizers. We focus our search on studies published in the PubMed and Scopus databases on non-metallic allergens in the last 20 years. Results: We identified 37 papers, among them 32 (86%) describing antigen-specific human T cell activation to 31 different chemical allergens. The remaining studies measured the general effects of chemical allergens on T cell function (five studies, 14%). Most antigen-specific studies used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as antigen-presenting cells (APC, 75%) and interrogated the blood T cell pool (91%). Depending on the individual chemical properties, T cell epitopes were generated either by direct administration into the culture medium (72%), separate modification of autologous APC (29%) or by use of hapten-modified model proteins (13%). Read-outs were mainly based on proliferation (91%), often combined with cytokine secretion (53%). The analysis of T cell clones offers additional opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms of epitope formation and cross-reactivity (13%). The best researched allergen was p-phenylenediamine (PPD, 12 studies, 38%). For this and some other allergens, stronger immune responses were observed in some allergic patients (15/31 chemicals, 48%), illustrating the in vivo relevance of the identified T cells while detection limits remain challenging in many cases. Interpretation: Our results illustrate current hardships and possible solutions to monitoring T cell responses to individual chemical skin sensitizers. The provided data can guide the further development of T cell assays to unfold their full predictive and diagnostic potential, including cross-reactivity assessments.

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Sharma, Shweta, Ashika Chourasia, Varnika Kaushik, Gargi Nandi, Joshna Bhatia e Rama Sisodia. "Effect of chemical and biological elicitors on antioxidant potential of Ocimum sanctum". International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, n. 3 (29 settembre 2021): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i3.2090.

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Medicinal plants are a known source of antioxidants and are used for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Exogenous application of elicitors can be used to improve the antioxidant profiles of medicinal plants enhancing their therapeutic potential. Present study aimed to study the effect of elicitors such as proline, salicylic acid and a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria- Azospirillum on antioxidant potential of medicinal plant - Ocimum sanctum. Semi-quantitative assay- thin layer chromatography (TLC), and quantitative assays such as DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) for free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant responsive enzymes SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) activities were used for the assessment based on standard protocols. Growth changes like number of leaves, root length, shoot length, total plant height, fresh weight and dry weight observed in response to the treatments given. Exogenous application of proline, salicylic acid and Azospirillum enhanced growth and overall antioxidant content of treated plants. Proline showed higher elicitation with high phenolic content (47.66 GAE/gm. wt.) and number of distinct bands (18) in TLC. The DPPH assay also showed higher free radical scavenging potential (70.32% reduction) of proline treated plants. Enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes CAT and SOD was also observed in all the treated plants. The study confirms the effectivity of using these elicitors for enhancing antioxidant potential of medicinal plants.

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Wang, Y. T., e D. Bieger. "Role of solitarial GABAergic mechanisms in control of swallowing". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, n. 3 (1 settembre 1991): R639—R646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.3.r639.

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The role of solitarial gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic mechanisms in deglutition was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. When applied to the dorsal extraventricular surface of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), muscimol reversibly inhibited 1) buccopharyngeal swallows evoked by either electrical or chemical stimulation of the NTS and 2) esophageal peristalsis evoked by muscarinic agonists. Bicuculline (5-1,000 pmol) applied to the NTS surface evoked rhythmic swallowing, which was reversibly blocked by DL-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (5-500 pmol). Methscopolamine (5-100 pmol) applied at the same site abolished the esophageal component of the response. Intrasolitarial application of bicuculline at s-glutamate-responsive loci in the intermediate and central subnuclei gave rise to buccopharyngeal and esophageal responses, respectively, and to a concomitant facilitation of glutamate-evoked responses. In subliminal doses ejected at esophageal loci, bicuculline induced deglutitive esophageal peristalsis during elicitation of buccopharyngeal swallowing by chemical (kainate or norepinephrine) or electrical stimulation of the NTS. We conclude that solitarial GABA neurons exert a tonic inhibition of the medullary deglutitive pattern generator and control buccopharyngeal-esophageal coupling.

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30

Weiss, Ingmar, Joachim Ruther e Johannes Stökl. "Species Specificity of the Putative Male Antennal Aphrodisiac Pheromone inLeptopilina heterotoma,Leptopilina boulardi, andLeptopilina victoriae". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/202965.

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Male antennal aphrodisiac pheromones have been suggested to elicit female receptiveness in several parasitic Hymenoptera, includingLeptopilina boulardi. None of the proposed pheromones, however, has been fully identified to date. It is also unknown whether these antennal pheromones are species specific, because the species specificity of mate recognition and courtship elicitation inLeptopilinaprevented such experiments. In this study we present an experimental design that allows the investigation of the species specificity of the putative male aphrodisiac pheromone ofL. heterotoma, L. boulardi,andL. victoriae. This is achieved by chemical manipulation of the odour profile of heterospecific females, so that males perceive them as conspecifics and show antennal courtship behaviour. Males courted the manipulated heterospecific females and antennal contact between the male and the female was observed. However, males elicited receptiveness only in conspecific females, never in the manipulated heterospecific females. Chemical analysis showed the presence of species specific unsaturated hydrocarbons on the antennae of males. Only trace amounts of these hydrocarbons are found on the antennae of females. Our results are an important step towards the understanding and identification of antennal pheromones of parasitic wasps.

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Mendhulkar, Vijay D., Priyanka Patade e Moinuddin Vakil. "Elicitation of Flavonoids in Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Cell Culture using Chemical Elicitor, Salicylic Acid and Biological Elicitor, Aspergillus niger". International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 3, n. 11 (6 novembre 2016): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2016.311.013.

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32

Lee, Jong-Du, Jung-Ae Park, Byung-Jun Park, Cheol-Seung Jeong, So-Young Park e Kee-Yoeup Pae. "Effect of Shading, Light Quality, and Chemical Elicitation on Growth and Bioactive Compound Content of Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arnott". Korean Journal of Plant Resources 29, n. 4 (30 agosto 2016): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2016.29.4.363.

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33

Phurailatpam, S., e J. N. Sharma. "Studies on biochemical mechanism of resistance for the management of Marssonina leaf blotch of apple caused by Marssonina coronaria (Ellis & J. J. Davis) J. J. Davis". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2015): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.672.

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Abstract (sommario):

To study the mechanism of resistance developed in three different cultivars of apple viz; Starking Delicious, Tydeman’s Early Worcester and Granny Smith against Marssonina coronaria , after treatment with SAR inducing chemicals salicylic acid (SA), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) contents of total phenol, reducing sugar, non -reducing sugar and activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) were assayed at three sampling periods (48,72 and 96 hours). The results revealed that SA treated leaves of cultivar Granny Smith recorded highest amount of phenol (49,53.66,57.33 mg/g), reducing sugar (16,16.33,17.66 mg/g), non-reducing sugar (2.90,3.13,3.53 mg/g) content, peroxidase (30,29.33,36) and polyphenol (26,30,34) activity in all the sampling intervals followed ASM and K2HPO4 treated plants. When compared among the cultivars maximum production was observed highest in cultivar Granny Smith which was followed by cultivars Tydeman’s Early Worcester and Starking Delicious. The present study showed that application of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) chemical can induce resistance in apple plants against Marssonina blotch caused by M. coronaria showing strong correlation between the ability of elicitors to enhanced plant disease resistance and elicitation of defence related enzymes. Thus, using SAR chemicals to induce resistance to apple against Marssonina blotch caused by M. coronaria, may provide a practical supplement to an environmentally friendly disease management when it is combined with appropriate integrated disease management practices.

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Chavarín-Martínez, Christian Denisse, Cuauhtemoc Reyes-Moreno, Jorge Milán-Carrillo, Janitzio Xiomara K. Perales-Sánchez, Vicente Adrían Canizalez-Román, Edith-Oliva Cuevas-Rodriguez, Jose Angel López-Valenzuela e Roberto Gutiérrez-Dorado. "Effect of germination and UV-B elicitation on chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical contents of underutilised Mexican blue maize seeds". International Food Research Journal 29, n. 2 (1 aprile 2022): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.29.2.08.

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Abstract (sommario):

Germination improves seed functionality due to increased phytochemicals and associated antioxidant activities. These effects are enhanced with a suitable inductor which is applied at appropriate time and dose. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of germination + UV-B elicitation on the chemical compositions, antioxidant activities (AoxA), total phenolic (TPC), total anthocyanin (TA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents in blue maize seeds. The application of UV-B radiation (wavelengths of 280 - 311 nm) during 37.0 h was an effective elicitor. Germinated-elicited blue maize flour (GEBMF) had higher proteins (+29.1%), dietary fibres (+22.0%), and AoxA (ABTS: +133.9%; DPPH: +173.4%) than unprocessed blue maize flour (UBMF). The increase in AoxA was closely related to the observed increase in TPC (+587.2%), TA (+29.9%), and GABA (+199.9%). Therefore, GEBMF could be used as a source of proteins, dietary fibres, and natural antioxidants in the formulation of new functional foods and beverages. These results could also contribute to the use and conservation of blue maize, an underutilised cereal.

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35

Trettel, Jéssica Rezende, Zilda Cristiani Gazim, José Eduardo Gonçalves, Juliana Stracieri e Hélida Mara Magalhães. "Effects of copper sulphate (CuSO 4 ) elicitation on the chemical constitution of volatile compounds and the in vitro development of Basil". Scientia Horticulturae 234 (aprile 2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.062.

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36

Garza-Alonso, Carlos Alberto, Emilio Olivares-Sáenz, Susana González-Morales, Marcelino Cabrera-De la Fuente, Antonio Juárez-Maldonado, José Antonio González-Fuentes, Gonzalo Tortella, Marin Virgilio Valdés-Caballero e Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza. "Strawberry Biostimulation: From Mechanisms of Action to Plant Growth and Fruit Quality". Plants 11, n. 24 (10 dicembre 2022): 3463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243463.

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Abstract (sommario):

The objective of this review is to present a compilation of the application of various biostimulants in strawberry plants. Strawberry cultivation is of great importance worldwide, and, there is currently no review on this topic in the literature. Plant biostimulation consists of using or applying physical, chemical, or biological stimuli that trigger a response—called induction or elicitation—with a positive effect on crop growth, development, and quality. Biostimulation provides tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and more absorption and accumulation of nutrients, favoring the metabolism of the plants. The strawberry is a highly appreciated fruit for its high organoleptic and nutraceutical qualities since it is rich in phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, in addition to being a product with high commercial value. This review aims to present an overview of the information on using different biostimulation techniques in strawberries. The information obtained from publications from 2000–2022 is organized according to the biostimulant’s physical, chemical, or biological nature. The biochemical or physiological impact on plant productivity, yield, fruit quality, and postharvest life is described for each class of biostimulant. Information gaps are also pointed out, highlighting the topics in which more significant research effort is necessary.

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37

Wang, Shao-Nan, Yong-Sheng Ding, Xiao-Jie Ma, Cheng-Bowen Zhao, Ming-Xuan Lin, Jing Luo, Yi-Nan Jiang, Shuai He, Jian-You Guo e Jin-Li Shi. "Identification of Bioactive Chemical Markers in Zhi zhu xiang Improving Anxiety in Rat by Fingerprint-Efficacy Study". Molecules 23, n. 9 (12 settembre 2018): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092329.

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Abstract (sommario):

Zhi zhu xiang (ZZX for short) is the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones, which is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used to treat various mood disorders for more than 2000 years, especially anxiety. The aim of the present work was to identify the bioactive chemical markers in Zhi zhu xiang improving anxiety in rats by a fingerprint-efficacy study. More specifically, the chemical fingerprint of ZZX samples collected from 10 different regions was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the similarity analyses were calculated based on 10 common characteristic peaks. The anti-anxiety effect of ZZX on empty bottle stimulated rats was examined through the Open Field Test (OFT) and the Elevated Plus Maze Test (EPM). Then we measured the concentration of CRF, ACTH, and CORT in rat’s plasma by the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kit, while the concentration of monoamine and metabolites (NE, DA, DOPAC, HVA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA) in the rat’s cerebral cortex and hippocampus was analysed by HPLC coupled with an Electrochemical Detector. At last, the fingerprint-efficacy study between chemical fingerprint and anti-anxiety effect of ZZX was accomplished by partial least squares regression (PLSR). As a result, we screened out four compounds (hesperidin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C) as the bioactive chemical markers for the anti-anxiety effect of ZZX. The fingerprint-efficacy study we established might provide a feasible way and some elicitation for the identification of the bioactive chemical markers for TCM.

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38

König., Wilfried A., Holger Faasch, Holger Heitsch, Cornelia Colberg e Björn M. Hausen. "Synthese von seitenkettenmodifizierten Analogen des Allergens Primin / Synthesis of Side-Chain-Modified Analogues of the Allergen Primin". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 48, n. 3 (1 marzo 1993): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1993-0318.

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Abstract (sommario):

Benzoquinones such as primin (2-methoxy-6-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone) from Primula obconica HANCE (Primulaceae) are known to be strong sensitizers and thus the source of severe allergic contact dermatitis (cell-mediated type of allergy). In order to determine the relationship between sensitizing capacity and chemical structure the synthesis of 19 side-chain-modified analogues of primin was carried out. With each of these primin derivatives 10 guinea pigs were sensitized using a modified FCA-method (FCA = Freund’s complete adjuvant). Elicitation was done open epicutaneously with 0.001 molar concentrations. In these sensitization experiments 2-methoxy-6-alkyl-1,4-benzoquinones (chain length C1-C15) showed ascending sensitizing potency with increasing number of the side chain carbon atoms reaching maximum activity at an alkyl chain of 10 to 11 carbons. Beyond this point a decrease of the sensitizing potency in correlation with a further prolongation of the side chain was observed.

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Singh, Apurva Anand, Gunasekaran Rajeswari, Louis Anto Nirmal e Samuel Jacob. "Synthesis and extraction routes of allelochemicals from plants and microbes: A review". Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 40, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2021-0139.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Allelopathy, a complex phenomenon has unveiled both stimulatory and inhibitory effects in plant processes that are mediated by the release of certain chemical compounds commonly known as allelochemicals. Allelochemicals, a form of bioactive secondary metabolites are produced by a diverse group of plants and microbes in response to biotic and abiotic stress. It ranges from a simple hydrocarbon to complex polycyclic aromatic compounds like phenol, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, amino acids, alkaloids and quinones. These plant bioactive compounds are released into the environment via decomposition, exudation, leaching and volatilization that play a significant role in regulating the intra-specific or inter-specific relations with counterparts. A wide variety of methods has been proposed for analyzing the basic mechanism and overall effect of allelochemicals. However, the lack of a reliable and effective method to identify their molecular mode of action and their modulation in the metabolic pathway still remains as a great challenge. From a commercial perspective, these allelochemicals are deemed to be better candidates for green natural herbicides and weedicides that are proven to be environment friendly, unlike synthetic chemicals. In order to pave a way for the economic viability of these chemicals, a basic understanding of their chemistry is inevitable. This review article is focused to give an in-depth understanding of metabolic pathways genes responsible for the elicitation/secretion and the adoption of a suitable downstream process and analytical techniques that can intensify the process.

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40

de Mello Rosa, Gustavo Henrique, Farhad Ullah, Yara Bezerra de Paiva, Juliana Almeida da Silva, Luiz Guilherme S. Branco, Alexandre Pinto Corrado, Priscila Medeiros, Norberto Cysne Coimbra e Audrey Franceschi Biagioni. "Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter integrative system of defense and antinociception". Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 474, n. 4 (24 febbraio 2022): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-022-02672-0.

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AbstractDefensive responses are neurophysiological processes crucial for survival during threatening situations. Defensive immobility is a common adaptive response, in rodents, elaborated by ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG) when threat is unavoidable. It is associated with somatosensory and autonomic reactions such as alteration in the sensation of pain and rate of respiration. In this study, defensive immobility was assessed by chemical stimulation of vlPAG with different doses of NMDA (0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 nmol). After elicitation of defensive immobility, antinociceptive and respiratory response tests were also performed. Results revealed that defensive immobility was followed by a decrease in the nociceptive perception. Furthermore, the lowest dose of NMDA induced antinociceptive response without eliciting defensive immobility. During defensive immobility, respiratory responses were also disturbed. Interestingly, respiratory rate was increased and interspersed with prolonged expiratory phase of breathing. These findings suggest that vlPAG integrates three different defensive behavioral responses, contributing to the most effective defensive strategies during threatening situations.

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41

Baldi, Ashish, Sunita Farkya, Abhishek Jain, Nishant Gupta, Rahul Mehra, Vatsala Datta, Ashok Kumar Srivastava e Virendra Swarup Bisaria. "Enhanced production of podophyllotoxins by co-culture of transformed Linum album cells with plant growth-promoting fungi". Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2010): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-02-09.

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Abstract (sommario):

To investigate the plant growth-promoting effect and stimulation of lignan biosynthesis, the effect of culture filtrates/live co-culture of two arbuscular mycorrhizae-like fungi, Piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera, on growth of Linum album cells and on production of podophyllotoxin (PT) and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin (6-MPT) was studied. For elicitation studies, different volumes of culture filtrates (autoclaved and membrane-filtered) of P. indica/S. vermifera were added to suspension cultures of L. album. The culture filtrates of both the fungi exhibited a positive effect on product formation. For co-culture experiments, both fungi were individually co-cultivated at different concentrations with L. album in suspension cultures for different time periods. This resulted in significant enhancement of PT and 6-MPT content in the plant cells. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was observed to be related to the lignan accumulation, indicating its role as the key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The study resulted in total lignan (PT and 6-MPT) production of 745.6 mg/l with a very high PT productivity of 52.4 mg/(l.d).

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42

Sayed, Tarek E., e El-Sayed S. Ahmed. "Elicitation Promoability with Gamma Irradiation, Chitosan and Yeast to Perform Sustainable and Inclusive Development for Marjoram under Organic Agriculture". Sustainability 14, n. 15 (4 agosto 2022): 9608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159608.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis) is an important aromatic herbal plant that has long been used and well managed in the traditional and general medical, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and perfume industries. Thus, the increase in its productivity appears to be of great value since there is a large number of bioactive secondary metabolites as well as an increase in the demand in domestic or foreign markets. The purpose of this study is the possibility of promoting the sustainable development of marjoram in the framework of organic farming through gamma irradiation, chitosan and yeast. Field experiments were conducted in a factorial split-plot design with three iterations over two consecutive seasons (2019 and 2020). The main plot is an abiotic elicitor (15 Gy gamma irradiation), two biotic elicitors 500 ppm chitosan, 0.5% yeast, and a non-elicitor (as control), while in the sub-main plot, there were two organic fertilizers, water extract of moringa 20 g/m2 dry leaves, 20 g/m2 fulvic acid, and 20 g/m2 (NPK); the latter is a traditional agrochemical. Statistical analysis of all characteristics of production and quality of biomass and biologically active secondary metabolites revealed that the use of organic fertilizers helped in increasing the yield of marjoram, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and significantly outperformed the chemical fertilizer. The experiment enhances the comprehensive and integrated development of marjoram under organic cultivation and achieves a promising alternative to traditional cultivation without the use of microbicides and/or agrochemical pesticides.

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43

Xu, Chenfeng, Yulin Yu, Yu Sun, Li Kong, Conglian Yang, Mei Hu, Ting Yang, Jiao Zhang, Qian Hu e Zhiping Zhang. "Transformable Nanoparticle‐Enabled Synergistic Elicitation and Promotion of Immunogenic Cell Death for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy". Advanced Functional Materials 29, n. 45 (25 agosto 2019): 1905213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201905213.

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44

De Palma, Monica, Riccardo Scotti, Nunzio D’Agostino, Massimo Zaccardelli e Marina Tucci. "Phyto-Friendly Soil Bacteria and Fungi Provide Beneficial Outcomes in the Host Plant by Differently Modulating Its Responses through (In)Direct Mechanisms". Plants 11, n. 20 (11 ottobre 2022): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202672.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sustainable agricultural systems based on the application of phyto-friendly bacteria and fungi are increasingly needed to preserve soil fertility and microbial biodiversity, as well as to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Although there is considerable attention on the potential applications of microbial consortia as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents for crop management, knowledge on the molecular responses modulated in host plants because of these beneficial associations is still incomplete. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the different mechanisms of action triggered by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to promote host-plant growth and improve its defense system. In addition, we combined available gene-expression profiling data from tomato roots sampled in the early stages of interaction with Pseudomonas or Trichoderma strains to develop an integrated model that describes the common processes activated by both PGPMs and highlights the host’s different responses to the two microorganisms. All the information gathered will help define new strategies for the selection of crop varieties with a better ability to benefit from the elicitation of microbial inoculants.

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45

Werrie, Pierre-Yves, Bastien Durenne, Pierre Delaplace e Marie-Laure Fauconnier. "Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils: Opportunities and Constraints for the Development of Biopesticides. A Review". Foods 9, n. 9 (14 settembre 2020): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091291.

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Abstract (sommario):

The extensive use of chemical pesticides leads to risks for both the environment and human health due to the toxicity and poor biodegradability that they may present. Farmers therefore need alternative agricultural practices including the use of natural molecules to achieve more sustainable production methods to meet consumer and societal expectations. Numerous studies have reported the potential of essential oils as biopesticides for integrated weed or pest management. However, their phytotoxic properties have long been a major drawback for their potential applicability (apart from herbicidal application). Therefore, deciphering the mode of action of essential oils exogenously applied in regards to their potential phytotoxicity will help in the development of biopesticides for sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, plant physiologists are attempting to understand the mechanisms underlying their phytotoxicity at both cellular and molecular levels using transcriptomic and metabolomic tools. This review systematically discusses the functional and cellular impacts of essential oils applied in the agronomic context. Putative molecular targets and resulting physiological disturbances are described. New opportunities regarding the development of biopesticides are discussed including biostimulation and defense elicitation or priming properties of essential oils.

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Gorelick, Jonathan, Rona Hacohen Iraqi e Nirit Bernstein. "Ecdysteroid Content and Therapeutic Activity in Elicited Spinach Accessions". Plants 9, n. 6 (9 giugno 2020): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9060727.

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Abstract (sommario):

While spinach is an established nutritionally important crop, its medicinal value is not as well known. Spinach is rich in ecdysteroids, insect hormone analogs with a number of medicinal properties including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and even anabolic activity. However, the potential of spinach as a medicinal plant has not yet been developed. In this study, the ecdysteroid content of spinach was optimized to increase its therapeutic value. Spinach seeds from various sources were grown under controlled hydroponic conditions and analyzed for ecdysteroid content and related anabolic activity. Variations in ecdysteroid content and the related anabolic activity were observed among spinach accessions. A selected variety, Spinacia oleracea cv. Turkey, was exposed to various physical and chemical elicitors to increase and stabilize ecdysteroid content. A number of elicitors, including methyl salicylate and mechanical damage, significantly increased ecdysteroid content and anabolic activity 24 h after exposure. The effect was transient and disappeared 48 h thereafter. Further work is needed to identify the most suitable germplasm and elicitation conditions for optimal ecdysteroid content.

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47

Nandagopal, Krishnadas, Mihir Halder, Biswabhusan Dash, Sanghamitra Nayak e Sumita Jha. "Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Anti-Cancerous Compounds Resveratrol, Podophyllotoxin and Zerumbone". Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, n. 36 (3 dicembre 2018): 4693–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170404145656.

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Abstract (sommario):

Secondary metabolites from numerous plant sources have been developed as anti- cancer reagents and compounds such as resveratrol, podophyllotoxin and zerumbone are of particular importance in this regard. Since their de novo chemical synthesis is both arduous and commercially expensive, there has been an impetus to develop viable, biotechnological methods of production. Accordingly, this review focuses on the recent developments in the field, highlighting the use of micropropagation, cell suspension cultures, callus cultures, hairy root cultures, recombinant microbes and genetically modified higher plants. Optimization of media and culture conditions, precursor feeding, immobilization and the use of chemical or physical elicitation in various protocols has led to an increase in resveratrol and podophyllotoxin production. Heterologous gene transformation of higher plants with stilbene synthase derived from Arachis hypogaea or Vitis vinifera lead to resveratrol production with the concomitant increase in resistance to plant pathogens. Interestingly, genetic transformation of Podophyllum hexandrum and Linum flavum with Agrobacterium rhizogenes resulted in Ri-T-DNA gene(s)-mediated enhancement of podophyllotoxin production. Zerumbone yields from tissue cultured plantlets or from suspension cultures are generally low and these methods require further optimization. In microbes lacking the native resveratrol or zerumbone biosynthesis pathway, metabolic engineering required not only the introduction of several genes of the pathway, but also precursor feeding and optimization of gene expression to increase their production. Data pertaining to safety and toxicity testing are needed prior to use of these sources of anti-cancer compounds in therapy.

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Syed, Zaki, Oleg Shabarchin e Yuri Lawryshyn. "A novel tool for Bayesian reliability analysis using AHP as a framework for prior elicitation". Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 64 (marzo 2020): 104024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2019.104024.

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49

Prashanth, K. V. Harish, Revathy Baskaran e E. B. DhanyaSri. "Bioactive chitosan based coatings: functional applications in shelf life extension of Alphonso mango – a sweet story". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, n. 9 (1 settembre 2016): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0704.

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AbstractChitosan-based coating (M4F2) was used successfully to delay ripening and prolong shelf-life of rapidly perishable and expensive Alphonso mango fruits stored at 30 ± 3°C and 40–50% RH for 15 days. Matured raw Alphonso mango fruits were simple dip treated/coated and air dried with our newly developed chitosan based formulation (for industry) with additives. Samples were taken at regular intervals for routine analysis of fruits. Results indicated that M4F2 coating could decrease the decay incidence loss along with delay the change in color of mango fruit during storage but not physiological steady weight loss. Interestingly, sensory evaluation indicated that quality of mango was enhanced slight significantly to more sweetness and better aroma by M4F2 coating compared to uncoated control fruits. Further, our M4F2 coating formulation may act as an important potentiator of flavor compounds of mango as well as controlling organic acids and sugars, which are key components in the perception of mango flavor. Understanding the chemical components that contribute to flavor perception of the fruit is necessary for post-harvest storage technology. This information is also important to study chitosan/derivatives elicitation in molecular level to improve mango flavor as well as in identification of genes responsible for flavor quality. The scientific story behind this effective chitosan based coating formulation development has been discussed.

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Złotek, Urszula, Monika Michalak-Majewska e Urszula Szymanowska. "Effect of jasmonic acid elicitation on the yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of essential oil of lettuce leaf basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.)". Food Chemistry 213 (dicembre 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.052.

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