Tesi sul tema "Chemical / Biological / Nuclear"
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1
Lovsin, Robert D. "Non-conventional armament linkages : nuclear, biological and chemical weapons in the United Kingdom and Iraq". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7021/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation examines the reasons why states want to acquire nonconventional weapons and analyzes interconnections between decisions on nuclear weapons (NW) on the one hand and chemical/biological weapons (CBW) on the other. Much of the literature on non-conventional weapons has tended to focus either on nuclear weapons or on CBW, with CBW often portrayed as the “poor man's nuclear bomb.” While there is some truth in this, the interconnections between decisions to develop NW and decisions to develop CBW are more numerous, more varied and more nuanced. The dissertation examines non-conventional armament processes in the United Kingdom and Iraq. Using two disparate cases provides the analysis with a comprehensive data set, the lessons from which have formed the basis of the analysis. Having nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) weapons for the purpose of use is not always a state's ultimate goal and factors as wide-ranging as national prestige and the maintenance of international relationships are important in determining why some states decide to pursue NBC weapons. The case study findings have been synthesized into four key areas in which NBC linkages are particularly significant: strategic issues and strategic cultures; political considerations; economics and finances; and future challenges. The key finding is that there are interconnections that show how NW and CBW influence each other. For example, both the UK and Iraq showed that if nuclear weapons were not available, interest in CBW would increase. Conversely, possession of nuclear weapons does not necessarily rule out interest in acquiring CBW armament. Non-conventional weapons present a significant challenge to the maintenance of international peace and security. As this dissertation demonstrates, NBC weapons are linked on many levels and it is important to understand how CBW can and do influence policy on nuclear weapons and vice versa.
2
Russell, Tony. "Preparing Federal Coordinating Officers (FCOs) to operate in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) environments". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FRussell.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Woodbury, Glen. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-104). Also available in print.
3
Norris, James W. "The Fox Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Reconnaissance System : lessons-learned from a foreign non-developmental item acquisition /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA301500.
Testo completo
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Norris, James W. "The Fox Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Reconnaissance System : |blessons-learned from a foreign non-developmental item acquisition". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/31473.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Non-developmental Item acquisition represent a viable approach to meet procurement needs of the Defense Department. The reduced acquisition cycle times and resultant cost savings of this acquisition strategy presents significant potential benefits to DoD. One weapon system program that has successfully used such an NDI strategy is the U.S. Army's Fox Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Reconnaissance System. This thesis examines the DoD acquisition process and how NDIs are used within the process. The thesis then examines the Fox Program and its NDI Acquisition strategy to determine what factors made the program successful. From this analysis, lessons-learned are identified that can be used by other acquisition managers and their staffs effectively to manage future NDI programs.
5
Lashkor, Minhaj. "Switchable surfaces for regulating biomolecular and cellular interactions under complex biological conditions". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5902/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stimuli-responsive surfaces that can regulate specific biomolecular interactions are enabling novel functionalities and new device designs for a variety of biological and medical applications. In this study two different mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used to regulate biomolecular and cellular interactions under complex biological conditions. The first part of this study was based on a well-defined biotinylated mixed SAM with an ethylene glycol group that prevented non-specific binding and used an electrical stimulus to allow control over biomolecular interactions under complex biological matrixes. This SAM system, based on switchable oligopeptides, can be dynamically modulated by an electrical potential under different commonly used biological media, ranging from Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) to DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and zwitterionic buffering agents such as HEPES. The second study involved electrically switchable mixed SAMs that were shown to be capable of exposing and concealing the RGD cell adhesion motif, to dynamically regulate the adhesion of immune macrophage cells under complex biological conditions. Macrophage cell adhesion to biomaterial surfaces plays a key role in mediating immune response to foreign materials. This system is one of the first examples of a material surface system that can control macrophage cell adhesion on demand. Hence, this study will be useful in developing more realistic dynamic extracellular matrix models and is certainly applicable in a wide variety of biological and medical applications.
6
Carter, Holly Elisabeth. "Crowd behaviour in chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) emergencies : behavioural and psychological responses to incidents involving emergency decontamination". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48843/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Planning for incidents involving mass decontamination has focused almost exclusively on technical aspects of decontamination, with little attempt to understand public experiences and behaviour. This thesis aimed to examine relevant theory and research, in order to understand public behaviour during incidents involving mass decontamination, and to develop theoretically-derived recommendations for emergency responders. As these incidents involve groups, it was expected that social identity processes would play an important role in public responses. A review of small-scale incidents involving decontamination is presented, along with a review of decontamination guidance documents for emergency responders. This literature shows that responder communication strategies play an important role in public experiences and behaviour, but that the importance of communication is not reflected in guidance documents. Theories of mass emergency behaviour, in particular the social identity approach, are reviewed, in order to generate hypotheses and recommendations for the management of incidents involving mass decontamination. It is hypothesised that effective responder communication will increase public compliance and cooperation, and reduce anxiety, mediated by social identity variables (e.g. perceptions of responder legitimacy, identification with emergency responders and other members of public, and collective agency). The empirical research presented in this thesis tests the hypotheses and recommendations derived from the social identity approach. The research includes: a responder interview study; three studies of volunteer feedback from field exercises; a visualisation experiment; and a mass decontamination field experiment. Findings show that effective responder communication consistently results in increased willingness to comply with decontamination, and increased public cooperation; this relationship is mediated by social identity variables. Results support the hypotheses, and show that an understanding of the social identity approach facilitates the development of effective responder communication strategies for incidents involving mass decontamination. Four theoretically-derived, and evidence-based, recommendations for emergency responders are generated as a result of this thesis.
7
Coyle, Jesse Aaron. "Optimization of nuclear, radiological, biological, and chemical terrorism incidence models through the use of simulated annealing Monte Carlo and iterative methods". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43599.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A random search optimization method based off an analogous process for the slow cooling of metals is explored and used to find the optimum solution for a number of regression models that analyze nuclear, radiological, biological,and chemical terrorism targets. A non-parametric simulation based off of historical data is also explored. Simulated series of 30 years and a 30 year extrapolation of historical data are provided. The inclusion of independent variables used in the regression analysis is based off existing work in the reviewed literature. CBRN terrorism data is collected from both the
Monterey Institute's Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism Database as well as from the START Global Terrorism Database. Building similar models to those found in the literature and running them against CBRN terrorism incidence data determines if conventional terrorism indicator variables are also significant predictors of CBRN terrorism targets. The negative binomial model was determined to be the best regression model available for the data analysis. Two general types of models are developed, including an economic development model and a political risk model. From the economic development model we find that national GDP, GDP per capita, trade openness, and
democracy to significant indicators of CBRN terrorism targets. Additionally from the political risk model we find corrupt, stable, and democratic regimes more likely to
experience a CBRN event. We do not find language/religious fractionalization to be a significant predictive variable. Similarly we do not find ethnic tensions, involvement in external conflict, or a military government to have significant predictive value.
8
Ovdiienko, Oleksandr. "NATO's role in the protection of the civil population against the consequences of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear terrorist attacks". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FOvdiienko.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Maria Rasmussen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60). Also available online.
9
Castle, Nicholas. "What airway and vascular access skills can be performed whilst wearing the NHS issued chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear personal protective equipment?" Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15163/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The introduction of chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear personal protective equipment (CBRN-PPE) across the National Health Service (NHS), in 2007, represented an increase in the capacity to treat patients following a CBRN incident. However, little was known on what impact the NHS CBRN-PPE would have on skill performance. To date a number of studies have evaluated various skills performed whilst wearing a range of CBRN-PPE, none of which resembles the NHS CBRN-PPE. This gap in the evidence prompted a series of research studies addressing the following research question, ‘What airway and vascular access skills can be performed whilst wearing the NHS issued chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear personal protective equipment? The resulting nine published peer-reviewed papers are presented with a critical commentary in three chapters: Chapter 3 (Papers 1 to 4) assesses what clinical skills can be performed using the NHS CBRN-PPE; Chapter 4 (Papers 5 & 6) explores clinicians’ views on the preferences and experiences of airway management whilst wearing CBRN-PPE; and Chapter 5 (Papers 7 to 9) evaluates the optimal strategies of airway management whilst wearing the NHS CBRN-PPE. Chapter 6 is a summary of the findings presented in this thesis and presents a number of new research questions to further expand our knowledge-base, regarding skill performance whilst wearing NHS CBRN-PPE, reflecting the developmental nature of this area of research. The research contained in this thesis utilises a combination of randomised controlled trials, interviews and questionnaires, to ascertain the impact of the NHS CBRN-PPE on skill completion. Papers 1 to 4 recruited a group of mixed clinicians allowing subgroup analysis observing for inter-professional differences regarding skill performance. Whereas, Papers 7 to 9 recruited student paramedics ensuring similar levels of airway management skills, thereby isolating prior expertise as a variable. The research presented in this thesis has been used during simulation training as part preparations for the 2012 Olympics, in the development of a CBRN training DVD and incorporated into a textbook. The results have also been shared with NHS England working party on CBRN-PPE and, are being incorporated into CBRN treatment protocols by an overseas ambulance service.
10
OLIVEIRA, LAURA C. de. "Estudo da distribuição de íons e metais em sangue via metodologia nuclear". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11609.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
11
Brown, Robert Louis. "Nonproliferation through delegation". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3307170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 9, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 368-404).
12
COELHO, JOAQUIM M. S. "Serrapilheira aplicada como biomonitor na avaliação do bosque urbano do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
13
CUNHA, TATIANA F. da. "Aplicação do poli(epsilon-caprolactona) com estrutura estrelada para obtenção de microesferas biorreabsorvíveis". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10544.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
14
Rak, Claire E. "Counterproliferation strategy : the role of preventive war, preventive strikes, and interdiction". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FRak%5FClaire.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Peter R. Lavoy, James A. Russell. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
15
Richter, Andreas. "Where is Super Terrorism? : A quantitative study of CBRN use by non-state actors". Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-10220.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Terrorism is academically understood as the quest of non-state actors to cause fear beyond the immediate victims of their action to reach political goals. Means that have an immense psychological impact are therefore expected to be sought after to a high extent by these actors. This paper seeks therefore to explain the surprisingly low frequency of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) attacks by non-state actors and why the attempts which have been made rarely accomplish to cause mass casualties, also called super terrorism. Through multiple logistic regression analysis of data from the Profiles of Incidents Involving CBRN and Non-state Actors (POICN) database, this study found that lack of actor experience from prior CBRN attempts is correlated to failed CBRN events. The paper also found that events before the year 2001 did fail to a higher extent than after 2001. However, the paper did not find support for hypotheses provided by the literature regarding how sophisticated the plot was or that the perpetrator motive affected the outcome of CBRN events. The study did neither find support for alternative explanations regarding that regime type or state wealth correlated with the outcome of CBRN events. Further research should therefore involve grounded theoretical work in both conventional as CBRN terrorism studies as theoretical frameworks lack in the field which has negative complications for this type of positivistic hypothesis-testing studies. Without studies that test theoretical claims, CBRN terrorism studies are at risk of being contaminated with cognitive biases regarding the severity and frequency of the threat.
16
Li, Yue. "Chemical biology studies on the structures and biological functions of nucleic acids". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215340.
Testo completo
17
Jones, Richard B. "Requirements analysis and architectural design of a web-based integrated weapons of mass destruction toolset". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FJones%5FRichard.pdf.
Testo completo
18
Голованова, В. І. "Міжнародно-правові проблеми контролю за ліквідацією та нерозповсюдженням зброї масового знищення". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81837.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Загрози, пов’язані зі зброєю масового знищення та засобами її доставки, зростають на фоні збільшення військових бюджетів і надмірного накопичення військових арсеналів. До того ж вони посилюються внаслідок стрімкого підвищення регіональної напруженості. У такому геополітичному контексті надзвичайно важливі заходи щодо зміцнення довіри між державами, насамперед у сфері контролю над озброєннями, нерозповсюдження та ліквідації зброї масового знищення. Відображенням стурбованості співтовариства держав у питанні формування міжнародно-правових основ для миру на планеті стало не тільки розуміння всеосяжного характеру міжнародної безпеки, а й пошук міжнародно-правових конструкцій, здатних відобразити цю особливість світопорядку і підтримувати його на рівні, що дає можливість для сталого розвитку.
Ядерна зброя представляє унікальну загрозу існуванню людства, але при цьому міжнародно-правовий режим ядерного нерозповсюдження і роззброєння переживає небувалу кризу довіри. Північна Корея de facto вийшла з Договору про нерозповсюдження ядерної зброї, а Індія, Ізраїль і Пакистан ніколи не були його учасниками. Існують щонайменше серйозні питання щодо змісту мирної ядерної програми Ірану. Повсюдне зростання тероризму у поєднанні із загрозою придбання ядерної зброї терористами значно посилює небезпеку її застосування. Нерозповсюдження ядерної зброї та ядерне роззброєння нерозривно пов’язані одне з одним і для досягнення прогресу на одному фронті необхідно забезпечити просування і на іншому. Обидва ці завдання варто вирішувати комплексно та з належною оперативністю. Зазначене загострює проблему організації і здійснення контролю за знищенням і нерозповсюдженням ядерної зброї на підставі норм міжнародного права.
Разом з тим, факти використання хімічної зброї у сучасних збройних конфліктах спонукають до переоцінки рівня ефективності існуючої офіційної системи перевірок наявності запасів хімікатів. А у випадку із біологічною зброєю запроваджене договірне регулювання взагалі не встановлює жодних «верифікаційних» механізмів.
Метою роботи є системний і комплексний аналіз міжнародно-правових проблем теоретичного та практичного характеру у сфері контролю за ліквідацією і нерозповсюдженням зброї масового знищення: ядерної, хімічної та біологічної.Угрозы, связанные с оружием массового уничтожения и средствами его доставки, растут на фоне увеличения военных бюджетов и чрезмерного накопления военных арсеналов. К тому же они усиливаются вследствие резкого повышения региональной напряженности. В таком геополитическом контексте чрезвычайно важные меры по укреплению доверия между государствами, прежде всего в сфере контроля над вооружениями, нераспространения и ликвидации оружия массового уничтожения. Отражением обеспокоенности сообщества государств в вопросе формирования международно-правовых основ для мира на планете стало не только понимание всеобъемлющего характера международной безопасности, но и поиск международно-правовых конструкций, способных отразить эту особенность миропорядка и поддерживать его на уровне, дает возможность для устойчивого развития. Ядерное оружие представляет уникальную угрозу существованию человечества, но при этом международно-правовой режим ядерного нераспространения и разоружения переживает небывалый кризис доверия. Северная Корея de facto вышла из Договора о нераспространении ядерного оружия, а Индия, Израиль и Пакистан никогда не были его участниками. Существуют по меньшей мере серьезные вопросы относительно содержания мирной ядерной программы Ирана. Повсеместный рост терроризма в сочетании с угрозой приобретения ядерного оружия террористами значительно усиливает опасность ее применения. Нераспространения ядерного оружия и ядерное разоружение неразрывно связаны друг с другом и для достижения прогресса на одном фронте необходимо обеспечить продвижение и на другом. Обе эти задачи следует решать комплексно и с должной оперативностью. Указанное обостряет проблему организации и осуществления контроля за уничтожением и нераспространения ядерного оружия на основании норм международного права. Вместе с тем, факты использования химического оружия в современных вооруженных конфликтах побуждают к переоценке уровня эффективности существующей официальной системы проверок наличия запасов химикатов. А в случае с биологическим оружием введено договорное регулирование вообще не устанавливает никаких «верификационных» механизмов. Целью работы является системный и комплексный анализ международно-правовых проблем теоретического и практического характера в сфере контроля за ликвидацией и нераспространением оружия массового уничтожения: ядерного, химического и биологического.
Threats to weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery are growing as military budgets increase and military arsenals become overcrowded. In addition, they are exacerbated by the sharp rise in regional tensions. In such a geopolitical context, confidence-building measures between states are extremely important, especially in the areas of arms control, non-proliferation and the elimination of weapons of mass destruction. Nuclear weapons pose a unique threat to human existence, but the international legal regime of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament is experiencing an unprecedented crisis of confidence. The widespread rise of terrorism, combined with the threat of terrorist acquisition of nuclear weapons, exacerbates the danger of its use. Nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament are inextricably linked, and progress on one front requires progress on the other. Thus, the above facts determine the relevance of the study. According to the topic of our work, we may set this purpose and tasks to achieve it. Well, the Aim is comprehensive analysis of theoretical and practical problems of control over the elimination and non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
19
Williams, Duane E. "Parameterization of semiempirical quantum mechanical methods for the prediction of nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts in biologically relevant systems". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024844.
Testo completo
20
Gata, Aude Marie-Laurence. "Les armes de destruction massive : essai critique sur une notion à géométrie variable". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La notion d'« armes de destruction massive » (ADM) est insaisissable : au lieu d'avoir pour but de mieux définir un type d'arme, elle agit à l'inverse, en créant une confusion entre l'arme et les conséquences de son emploi. Cette nature inconsistante se poursuit au niveau juridique. En effet, bien que l'expression fasse très tôt son entrée au sein des Nations unies, aucun traité ni organe officiel n'a, jusqu'alors, réussi à en donner une définition probante. À défaut de définition incontestable, et en l'absence d'un critère vérifiable d'identification de ce qu'est une « arme de destruction massive », cette notion s'est avérée préjudiciable. L'écart entre la réalité de la menace existante en matière d'« armes de destruction massive » et la façon dont elle fut perçue, puis gérée par la communauté internationale, c'est-à-dire à la fois par les États de façon individuelle et par les organisations internationales et les traités de façon collective, a conduit à de multiples dérives. Par conséquent, s'agissant là d'une notion plus politique que juridique, il apparaît nécessaire qu'elle soit précisée ou abandonnéeThe term « weapons of mass destruction » (WMD) is ambiguous: instead of aiming to clearly define a certain type of weapon, it does the opposite by creating confusion between the weapon itself and the consequences of its use. This confusion is also reflected at in the legal definition. Indeed, even though the term has been used by the United Nations from an early stage, no treaty or official entity has succeeded in providing a clear definition to this day. The lack of a clear definition, and the absence of defined criteria to determine what constitutes a « weapon of mass destruction », has turned out to be damaging. The dichotomy between the existing threat from « weapons of mass destruction » and the way it is perceived and handled by the international community, including individual states, international organisations, as well as collective treaties, has resulted in several instances of inappropriate use. As a consequence, the term has become a political rather than legal notion. A clearer legal definition is needed, or otherwise the term should be abandoned
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DERRIEN, Anne-Cécile. "Synthèse et caractérisation physico-chimique de matériaux géopolymères. Application : cinétique de minéralisation de géopolymères et du biomatériau CaCO3 synthétique". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007911.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans le domaine de la chirurgie orthopédique ou maxillo-faciale, les praticiens sont confrontés à des pertes de substance osseuse qui nécessitent l'utilisation de matériaux de comblement (ou de substitution). L'utilisation de biomatériaux synthétiques (dont la disponibilité est très importante) permet de limiter les réponses immunitaires. Dans ce travail nous nous intéressons à deux matériaux : les géopolymères et le carbonate de calcium synthétique sous forme d'aragonite pure. Dans le domaine des biomatériaux de comblement, l'optimisation du compromis entre le pourcentage de porosité et les propriétés mécaniques (voisines de celles de l'os spongieux) favorise l'ostéointégration et la tenue des implants. Cette observation nous a conduit à étudier des aluminosilicates de la famille des géopolymères définis par un rapport molaire Si/ Al = 21. Les aluminosilicates synthétisés ont été associés à des phosphates de calcium : hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate tri-calcique (TCP) et biphasique. Après traitement thermique à 500°C, les géopolymères présentent des valeurs de pH voisines de 7 ainsi qu'un bon compromis porosité/ contrainte à la rupture (en compression). Pour le CaCO3, notre laboratoire de recherches a mis au point la synthèse du carbonate de calcium sous forme d'aragonite pure. Ces matériaux ont fait l'objet d'études in vitro et in vivo afin d'évaluer leur potentiel pour une utilisation comme biomatériaux. Les cinétiques de minéralisation des implants géopolymères et du biomatériau CaCO3 ont été étudiées par PIXE (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission) et par NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis). Les résultats obtenus pour le CaCO3 par ces deux méthodes montrent un comportement in vivo similaire à celui d'un TCP utilisé comme référence (travail réalisé avec l'aide de l'ANVAR Bretagne). Les premières études in vivo réalisées sur les géopolymères ont montré que ces derniers sont ostéointégrés. Dès le délai de 1 mois, les porosités externes des implants sont colonisées par de l'os néoformé. La cicatrisation en surface des matériaux est totale à 3 mois. Les analyses par PIXE des implants confirment la consolidation de l'interface dès le délai de 1 mois.
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Barci-Funel, Geneviève. "Etudes radiochimiques de nuclides de fission et transuraniens a longues vies dans des ecosystemes marins et terrestres". Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4156.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Estimation de la pollution radioactive par les radionuclides artificiels a vie longue disperses dans l'environnement suite a des tests nucleaires dans l'atmosphere et suite aux rejets d'installations nucleaires ou aux accidents comme celui de tchernobyl.
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Johnson, Mark Lawrence. "Contre-mesures médicales contre les risques NRBC : quelles solutions pour un développement facilité dans une économie de marché ?" Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020014/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pour certaines maladies causées par des agents chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucléaires (CBRN), il n’existe pas de contre-mesures médicales (MedCM) et bon nombre de celles qui existent pourraient ne pas être disponibles en cas de besoin. En cas d’accident CBRN, des efforts inadéquats de financement de la R&D et de mise à disposition par les gouvernements peuvent avoir de graves conséquences économiques nettement supérieures aux coûts d’initiatives préventives. Compte-tenu des contraintes budgétaires auxquelles de nombreux gouvernements sont confrontés, il est nécessaire de définir des priorités. Parallèlement à la mise en place d’indicateurs de décision de santé efficaces qui identifient et mesurent les effets de causalité de l’impact négatif sur la santé, le processus de décision doit également prendre en considération le rapport coût-efficacité pour rendre le financement durable.Cette thèse a pour objectif de définir une voie vers une politique économique de santé publique visant à renforcer la disponibilité des MedCM pour les agents CBRN. Dans la première partie, les causes des défaillances du marché sont identifiées (lorsque les opportunités de profit ne compensent pas l’effort de R&D nécessaire). Dans la deuxième partie, des études de cas illustrent les caractéristiques et les conséquences économiques d’exemples d’accidents CBRN et des scénarios sont analysés afin de mettre en évidence comment la disponibilité de MedCM pourrait potentiellement devenir rentable. Enfin, la troisième partie propose des approches plus complètes pour mesurer et compenser les facteurs contribuant à la défaillance du marché en appliquant des modèles économiques spécifiquesFor some diseases caused by chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents, innovative medical countermeasures (MedCMs) do not exist while many of those that do might not be readily available. In case of a CBRN event, inappropriate medical research and development (R&D) funding and government procurement efforts can result in adverse economic consequences (e.g. lost income) far exceeding the costs of strong and comprehensive preparedness initiatives. Given the budgetary constraints many governments face, priorities must be defined. Parallel to determining effective health decision metrics that identify and weigh the causal effects of negative health impact, decision making must also consider cost-effectiveness to make funding sustainable. Moreover, international cooperation is necessary since the risks increasingly transcend borders due to global travel and the global threat of terrorism. This dissertation ultimately seeks to define a path to public health economic policy to enhance the international availability of CBRN MedCMs. In Part I, the root causes of market failure are identified and depicted (i.e., where rewards for supply do not adequately compensate for the R&D effort). In Part II, case study examples illustrate the characteristics and economic consequences of CBRN incidents. Scenarios for each case are outlined to show where the availability of MedCMs in these situations could potentially be cost-effective. Finally, Part III construes more comprehensive approaches for gauging and offsetting the deterrence factors of market supply and demand by compiling and applying additional economic models and frameworks
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Wang, Yu. "Mechanistic study of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-mediated signaling". Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/151.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-interacting peptide (Ainpl) was characterized from human liver cDNA library using phage display. Ainpl suppresses hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1α) signaling pathway through an ARNTdependent manner. HIF-1α is known to be overexpressed in more than 90% of solid tumors, and the inhibition of HIF-1α is proved as an effective approach to suppress tumor growth. ARNT, as the obligatory heterodimeric partner of HIF-1α for downstream gene activation, was used as a bait to screen for Ainpl. Ainpl specifically interacts with the helix-loop-helix (HLH) subdomain of ARNT, but not with HIF-1α. GFP-Ainpl is localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and suppresses HIF-1α signaling by two mechanisms: (1) cytoplasmic GFP-Ainp 1 retains ARNT in the cell cytoplasm and (2) nuclear GFP-Ainpl inhibits HIF-1α/ARNT heterodimerization. The suppression of Ainpl on HIF-1α signaling was reversed by introducing ARNT into the cells using transient transfection. We further utilized HIV TAT protein transduction domain to deliver 6His-TAT-Ainpl into three different cancer cell lines (Hep3B, HeLa, MCF-7), and found that 6His-TAT-Ainpl co-localizes with ARNT in the cell nucleus. 6His-TATAinpl can be detected inside the cells after 30 min of transduction, and can reach the maximum level at 2 h. 6His-TAT-Ainp 1 remained detectable in the cells up to 96 h and had a half life of 24 h after transduction. In addition, 6His-TAT-Ainp 1 suppresses HIF-1α downstream genes at both message and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, molecules that target the HIF-1α and ARNT interface can be developed as viable drugs to suppress HIF-1α signaling.
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Tully, Keith. "Channel Specific Calcium Dynamics in PC12 Cells: A Dissertation". eScholarship@UMMS, 2004. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are involved in almost all neuronal functions, providing the link between electrical signals and cellular activity. This work examines the mechanisms by which a neuron can regulate the movement and sequestration of Ca2+ through specific channels such that this ubiquitous ion can encode specific functions. My initial focus was using intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) imaging techniques to study the influence of the inhibition of specific voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC) by ethanol on a depolarization induced rise in [Ca2+]i in neurohypophysial nerve terminals. This research took an unexpected turn when I observed an elevation of [Ca2+]i during perfusion with ethanol containing solutions. Control experiments showed this to be an artifactual result not directly attributable to ethanol. It was necessary to track down the source of this artifact in order to proceed with future ethanol experiments. The source of the artifact turned out to be a contaminant leaching from I.V. drip chambers. Due to potential health implications stemming from the use of these drip chambers in a clinical setting as well as potential artifactual results in the ethanol field where these chambers are commonly used, I choose to investigate this phenomenon more rigorously. The agent responsible for this effect was shown to be di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer that has been shown to be carcinogenic in rats and mice. The extraction of this contaminant from the I.V. drip chamber, as measured by spectrophotometry, was time-dependent, and was markedly accelerated by the presence of ethanol in the solution. DEHP added to saline solution caused a rise in [Ca2+]i similar to that elicited by the contaminant containing solution. The rise in calcium required transmembrane flux through membrane channels. Blood levels of DEHP in clinical settings have been shown to exceed the levels which we found to alter [Ca2+]i. This suggests that acute alterations in intracellular calcium should be considered in addition to long-term effects when determining the safety of phthalate-containing plastics.
As part of a collaboration between Steven Treistman and Robert Messing's laboratory at UCSF, I participated in a study of how ethanol regulates N-type calcium channels which are known to be inhibited acutely, and upregulated in the chronic presence of ethanol. Specific mRNA splice variants encoding N-type channels were investigated using ribonuclease protection assays and real-time PCR. Three pairs of N-type specific α-subunit Cav2.2 splice variants were examined, with exposure to ethanol observed to increase expression of one alternative splice form in a linker that lacks six bases encoding the amino acids glutamate and threonine (ΔET). Whole cell electrophysiological recordings that I carried out demonstrated a faster rate of channel activation and a shift in the voltage dependence of activation to more negative potentials after chronic alcohol exposure, consistent with increased expression of ΔET variants. These results demonstrate that chronic ethanol exposure not only increases the abundance of N-type calcium channels, but also increases the expression of a Cav2.2 splice variant with kinetics predicted to support a larger and faster rising intracellular calcium signal. This is the first demonstration that ethanol can up-regulate ion channel function through expression of a specific mRNA splice variant, defining a new mechanism underlying the development of drug addiction.
Depolarizing a neuron opens voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC), leading to an influx of Ca2+ ions into the cytoplasm, where Ca2+ sensitive signaling cascades are stimulated. How does the ubiquitous calcium ion selectively modulate a large array of neuronal functions? Concurrent electrophysiology and ratiometric calcium imaging were used to measure transmembrane Ca2+ current and the resulting rise and decay of [Ca2+]i, showing that equal amounts of Ca2+ entering through N-type and L-type voltage gated Ca2+ channels result in significantly different [Ca2+]i temporal profiles. When the contribution of N-type channels was reduced, a faster [Ca2+]i decay was observed. Conversely, when the contribution of L-type channels was reduced, [Ca2+]i decay was slower. Potentiating L-type current or inactivating N-type channels both resulted in a more rapid decay of [Ca2+]i. Channel-specific differences in [Ca2+]i decay rates were abolished by depleting intracellular Ca2+ stores suggesting the involvement of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). I was able to conclude that Ca2+ entering through N-type, but not L-type channels, is amplified by ryanodine receptor mediated CICR. Channel-specific activation of CICR generates a unique intracellular Ca2+ signal depending on the route of entry, potentially encoding the selective activation of a subset of Ca2+ -sensitive processes within the neuron.
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Rogers, Paul F., e Simon M. Whitby. "Nuclear, chemical and biological arms control in the 21st century". 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
YesProfessor Paul Rogers gives a brief overview of the present status of international legal prohibitions against both nuclear and chemical weapons. He then goes on to discuss the need to strengthen the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.
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Roberts, John Crawford. "A decision algorithm for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical decontamination using dynamic programming". Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23005.
Testo completo
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CHARVÁTOVÁ, Marie. "Zlepšení informovanosti obyvatelstva o doporučených způsobech chování při vzniku mimořádných událostí (se zvláštním důrazem na události, související s možností teroristického zneužití B-agens a při importované vysoce nebezpečné nákaze)". Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-86200.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The target of my thesis was to map the knowledge of the secondary school pupils of the issue of acquaintance of inhabitants with the recommended ways of the behaviour in case of the occurrence of extraordinary events (with the special accent on the events associated with the possibility of the terrorist misuse of B-agens and imported highly dangerous infection).
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ŠTURMOVÁ, Lenka. "Informovanost obyvatelstva v rámci problematiky zbraní hromadného ničení". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-395361.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this diploma thesis was "To Analyse the awareness of the population in the area of South Bohemia region in context of emergencies in case of using weapons of mass destruction". In the theoretical part of the thesis the issue of the weapons of mass destruction is described from the description of particular groups to some historical consequences, to their arrangement or detailed description of the main types of weapons, and their harmful effects on a human body. As the issue is really wide, the main text is focused on the basic specification for easier understanding. Not many details are presented, but the most important information and some sidelights were given the priority. The target of the thesis was not to prepare a detailed and broad description, but on the other hand the comprehensive view of the studied issue, so a reader can obtain clear and brief analysis of the topic. For the practical part of the thesis the quantitative research and the method of a survey for obtaining data were chosen and done from January to March 2019. The questionnaire consists of four parts. Each part is specifically orientated. In the introductory part of the questionnaire there are three initial questions given to divide the responders according to their gender, age and education. After that there is the part A, which consists of ten questions, and it is aimed at the public awareness about the issue of public safety. The other parts B, C and D have five questions each, and they are aimed at the particular weapons of mass destruction - chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. The main goal of the survey was to find the level of the public awareness in South Bohemia region. The obtained data show that the correct answers reached approx. 55 %, but the range of all particular correct answers was from 30 % up to 83 %. These results show that there is potential room for improvement of the public awareness by simple and well-arranged brochures, by creating professional web-sides or groups for modern society that can use social network such as Facebook or Instagram. The diploma thesis can be also used as an educational material.
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Santos, Rita Sobral Fernandes Machado dos. "Unraveling the potential of nucleic acid mimics to target Helicobacter pylori infections - the effect of biological barriers". Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/108130.
Testo completo
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Santos, Rita Sobral Fernandes Machado dos. "Unraveling the potential of nucleic acid mimics to target Helicobacter pylori infections - the effect of biological barriers". Tese, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/108130.
Testo completo