Tesi sul tema "Chauffage par microondes – Séparation"
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Cerino, Clelio. "Ιntensificatiοn de la séparatiοn d'émulsiοns par chauffage micrο-οndes : applicatiοn à l'extractiοn liquide-liquide de métaux critiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR16.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the application of a microwave heating emulsion separation method to the phase separation of emulsion typical to the critical metal recovery processes. Following a literature review centered around emulsion separation, microwave heating in general, and the intensification of the separation of petroleum-based emulsions by microwave heating, the research work focuses firstly on physico-chemical properties relevant to the phase separation of the studied emulsions, and their evolution with temperature. Surface tension measurements, along with preliminary separation tests, show the important but hardly understood role of surface tension and its time evolution. Emulsion and single phase permittivities are then measured and modeled with equations available in the literature, allowing us to prefigure the penetration depth achievable in such materials with microwaves. The measured permittivities justify employing a laboratory scale, microwave intensified phase separator to observe, with small treatment volume and fluids throughput, the effect of microwaves on emulsion separation. Lastly, we study microwave heating numerically, with COMSOL Multiphysics, first with the aforementioned experimental geometry, then with simpler geometries, presenting problems that could arise, should an industrialization occur. Results obtained with the experimental set-up, as well as the simulations performed allow us to confirm the described method’s interest in the metal recovery context, and to prefigure scale-up. The annexes present further research axis identified during the thesis
Klíma, Ladislav. "Chauffage des matériaux par micro-ondes". La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS166.
Testo completoThe DIC process consists in a high temperature, high pressure and short time treatment followed by an abrupt pressure-drop toward vacuum. This operation implies an auto-vaporization of water, inducing cooling effect and modifying structures. The steam, which has been used until now, does not penetrate easily into the material bulk. The heating by microwaves proves to be a good alternative, which results in a more homogenous temperature field. A DIC reactor with a treatment chamber of 0. 5 l and a magnetron power of 6 kW was developed. Power distribution was measured in Agar gel by using fibre optic temperature probes. Dielectric properties of several fruits and vegetable were measured by an open-ended probe. The resonant multi-mode cavity, which was at last realised, was simulated by means of 3D software Semcad for a frequency of 2450 MHz
Farhat, Asma. "Vapo-diffusion assistée par micro-ondes : conception, optimisation et application". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00547809.
Testo completoAlkarmo, Ahmad. "Conception de filtres dissipatifs pour applicateurs microondes". Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT058H.
Testo completoPinto-Gateau, Nadia. "Chauffage microondes et résonance dimensionnelle : des concepts aux applications en géométrie cylindrique". Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS060.
Testo completoAtrouz, Mohamed-Tayeb. "Conception des grands applicateurs micro-ondes". Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT043H.
Testo completoLaurent, Régis. "La technologie micro-onde en chimie. Sa spécificité, ses applications et ses innovations : la réaction chimique par confinement". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30272.
Testo completoSafir, Imad. "Nouvelle synthèse de pyrroles par cycloaddition [3+2] intramoléculaire". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2275.
Testo completoThe 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction is a powerful synthetic tool permitting the synthesis of five membered nitrogen heterocycles. In this work, we have developed a novel synthesis of pyrroles by cycloaddition. We describe the synthesis of numerous new pyrroles with potential pharmacological properties. The reaction of 2-O- and 2-S-propargylbenzaldéhydes with different amines produces an intermediate azomethine ylide which undergoes cycloaddition, followed by aromatization, to provide benzopyrano- and benzothiopyranopyrroles. With alicyclic amines, benzopyrano- and benzothiopyranopyrrolizines (or indolizines) are obtained. In the case of the 2-N-propargylbenzaldehydes, the aromatisation step is more complex, giving rise to new pyrroles by a new mechanism. An extension to other acetylenic dipolarophiles derived from 2-carboxaldehyde-pyrroles and 2-carboxaldehyde-indoles gave new pyrrolopyrrolizines and pyrrolobenzopyrrolizines as well as pyrrolizinopyrrolizines and pyrrolizinobenzopyrrolizines. Finally, we adapted this methodology to be used under microwaves activation. As a result we observed improved yields and shorter reaction times
Apaolaza, Pagoaga Xabier. "Déshydratation assistée thermiquement couplant essorage et micro-ondes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0276/document.
Testo completoIn a lot of industrial processes, liquid/solid separation is carried out by combination of mechanical and thermal separation (drying). Thermal drying in a mechanical separation device offers a lot of advantages (lower investment, higher productivity, limited footprint. . . ). Moreover, coupling mechanical and thermal effects may lead in some cases to synergic effects allowing an optimal use of energy.Thermal input by dielectric heating may be adapted to a centrifuge. The objective of the project is to design and produce a prototype at pilot scale in order to point out the energetic interest of such a process. So, mechanical separation (centrifuge filtration, drainage) and dielectric heating have to be used simultaneously. Pilot instrumentation will allow to control key parameters of the coupled operation and the global energy consumption. Main results are : the development and the full instrumentation of a centrifuge pilot allowing implement of microwaves. The demonstration of a synergy, in the case of textile spools, between drying effects generated by dielectric heating and centrifuge effects generated by centrifuge basket rotation. The simulation of different physical phenomena linked to filtration cake drainage, dielectric constants assessment, determination of electromagnetic field, air flow used for vapor extraction and determination of heat and mass transfers
Renaudin, Hervé. "Simulation numérique de la propagation guidée en milieu dissipatif. Maitrise des gradients de champ et couplage électrothermique". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS059.
Testo completoBoudiaf, Ahmed. "Rayonnement de l'interruption du conducteur extérieur d'un guide coaxial, en milieu hétérogène : application au chauffage microonde". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT111H.
Testo completoRafhii, Ahmad El. "Étude de l'évolution des propriétés diélectriques et magnétiques des matériaux sous champ microonde". Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1977INPT026H.
Testo completoHouamel, Kamel. "Antennes applicatrices en technologie microruban-microfente pour hyperthermie thérapeutique". Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT025H.
Testo completoMohamed, Massoud Abdelaal Magdy. "Modélisation et caractérisation de la densité de puissance électromagnétique déposée dans des charges mobiles". Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT022H.
Testo completoSekkak, Abdelkrim. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle de structures en hyperfréquences par la méthode des éléments finis d'arêtes : application au chauffage par micro-ondes". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112291.
Testo completoMazouzi-Sennour, Nassima. "L'optimisation par chauffage conventionnel et par chauffage diélectrique dans le domaine micro-ondes de la polycondensation en émulsion dans l'eau". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1152.
Testo completoAlkyd resins are amongst the most important and widely used resins in coating sectors. Their preparation is carried out in bulk at elevated temperatures (˃180 ° C). These resins are then emulsified in water in the presence of pigments, fillers and surfactants. The objective of this thesis is to synthesis these alkyds directly in aqueous emulsion under microwaves activation to accelerate polyestrification reaction. The synthesis of these alkyds was performed in a molten state under conventional heating using monomers mainly from green chemistry. Then the energy behavior of emulsions, ionic and micellar solutions were studied, allowing understanding the contribution of each of their constituents. Before performing the polyesterification of alkyd emulsion in water, the polyesterification of hydrophobic compounds in aqueous emulsion was carried out under dielectric heating MO. Compared with conventional heating, polymers with molar masses higher are obtained in a shorter time. The transposition of this type of synthesis with Alkyd using two main synthetic routes, in one or two steps, we were able to select the surfactants to maintain emulsions (oil/water) stable at temperatures up to 230 °C. However, this synthesis led to the formation of polymer molar mass of 3000 g / mol, which is very low compared to the synthesis in the bulk conditions. This is a direct consequence of the competition between hydrolysis reaction and polyesterification reaction. The triglycerides hydrolysis study from sunflower oil in aqueous emulsion (water / oil and oil/water) under MO activation shows an acceleration of the reaction
Chouai, Sihem. "Calcul tridimensionnel des champs électromagnétiques dans les applicateurs par la méthode de relaxation". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT022H.
Testo completoSavary, Etienne. "Apport du chauffage par micro-ondes à l’élaboration de matériaux fonctionnels". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2022.
Testo completoThe elaboration of functional materials generally requires implementing one or several thermal treatments. These are in most cases time and energy consuming. Their high environmental impact promotes the development of inherent “greener” technologies, such as microwaves heating. Therefore many studies are underway in laboratories so as to grasp more precisely the mechanisms involved during microwaves heating and to favour its transfer to an industrial scale. This thesis comes within this framework. First, an optical device for measuring in situ the dimensional variations of samples, during the microwaves process, has been developed and used to follow the shrinkage of various oxides during the sintering. A more fundamental work has been dedicated to the study of potential specific microwaves effects on the microstructure of ZnO-based varistors. Microstructural and electrical characterizations have shown that microwaves increase the densification and the kinetic of the phases’ reactivity. The interest of this process for the synthesis of intermetallics compounds has then been demonstrated. Mg2Si nanoparticles have been synthesized in very short times, opening a new route to the elaboration of nano-structured thermoelectric materials. Finally, a short study about the suitability of our microwave equipment to extreme conditions, required for the sintering of SiC, has been realized, leading to the installation of a vacuum system, allowing the control of the atmosphere during the process
Chenu, Sébastien. "Synthèse par chauffage micro-ondes de verres de phosphates : élaboration de vitrocéramiques de type NZP par frittage réactif". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S171.
Testo completoN this work, two major areas of research were developed. First, the exploration of new tin phosphate glasses with low melting point, synthesized in a domestic microwave oven was carried out. Indeed, these glasses present low melting temperatures but are often characterized by poor chemical durability. In order to increase it, we studied the introduction of oxides (like WO₃, MoO₃, Nb₂O₅. . . ) in tin phosphate glasses to produce Sn⁴⁺ thanks to in-situ redox reactions in glass melt. Different phosphate glass systems have been explored. In the other hand, new glass-ceramics with NZP type have been elaborated by glass sintering. These materials should present superionic conduction and are potential candidates for solid electrolyte applications
Majdabadino, Massoud. "Contribution au calcul des champs dans les fours microondes chargés". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT039H.
Testo completoCovas, Maria Ramos. "Étude d'un procédé de recuit rapide et de chauffage de matériaux semiconducteurs par énergie microonde". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT151H.
Testo completoBouirdene, Abdelaâziz. "Les fours thermiques micro-ondes". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT001H.
Testo completoAkkari, Elias. "Modélisation et commande de la décongélation par micro-ondes". Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2034.
Testo completoDefrosting is a key operation of the food industry for several reasons: the heating-up of a food material is usually associated with a renewal of microbiological activity, particularly the consumption of energy. Moreover, the final quality of the product is closely related to the technique used. Thus, the defrosting must be as short as possible; the product must remain as homogeneous as possible and must not undergo unexpected transformation or damage, either organoleptic or microbiological. The microwave-assisted defrosting fits the rapidity criterion well, but has heating heterogeneities, i. E. , a phenomenon called thermal runaway. In this report, we propose to use advanced control laws to control the thermal runaway, by acting on the microwave power and on an additional cooling air jet. This thesis is presented in three major parts. The first part is dedicated to the design of a simple but accurate model. The source term, bound to the microwaves, is computed using a simple function, which requires neither the resolution of Maxwell’s equations nor the knowledge of the dielectric properties. A 2D geometry, in a fundamental mode of propagation TE01, is considered. This function can easily be evaluated using reverse techniques. The obtained model is a nonlinear distributed parameters system, which is finally reduced in a lumped parameter, nonlinear, using a finite volumes scheme. The second part deals with the internal thermal state of the product during the defrosting. Observers (Luenberger’s observers or Kalman Filters) are used for the reconstruction of the whole state vector from a single surface temperature measurement. In the third part, two control approaches applied to our process are presented. The first one, based on the famous LQ technique, is extended to the nonlinear case and discussed in terms of advantages and limits. The second one, the Global Linearizing Control, is presented and carried out in SISO and MIMO configurations. All the steps of this work have been successfully validated during the defrosting of a model product, tylose, which has thermal properties close to that of beef muscle, for the repeatability of the operations Experiments have been realized thanks to a microwave with a variable power generator (fundamental mode TE01, 2. 45 GHz)
Jackowiak, David. "Prétraitement de biomasses lignocellulosiques par microondes pour l'amélioration du procédé de biométhanisation". Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1921.
Testo completoThe structure and composition of lignocellulosic biomass are known to be critical points to use this material in anaerobic digestion. Indeed, the presence of lignin forms a physical barrier and induces a non-productive adsorption and activity of enzymes. Therefore, this thesis aims at to study the effects of microwave heating of lignocellulosic material, especially on matter solubilisation through soluble COD, and on anaerobic digestion through BMP assays. Experimental studies were carried out on wheat straw and switchgrass, and revealed that their microwave pretreatments led to increase of matter solubilisation and an improvement of their anaerobic digestibility. The best conditions found are the highest heating rate for a final temperature 150°C without any holding time. A temperature beyond 150°C induces an increase of matter solubilisation but decreases the biodegradability of lignocellulosic material. This work studied also the energy balance. The energy calculated from the difference of methane production between treated and untreated sample does not compensate the energy consumed by the microwave pretreatment, at least with the microwave devices used. It therefore appears necessary to study the development of adapted industrial apparatus
Tekkouk, Abdelhadi. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions micro-ondes-matière condensée : cas d'un matériau de construction, le sulfate de calcium semihydraté". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10073.
Testo completoBonnet, Caroline. "Dualité du couplage onde-matière de l'intensification par chauffage micro-onde à la sécurité des procédés". Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1470.
Testo completoThe optimal conversion of the electromagnetic energy in heat inside a heterogeneous system is presented. The difficulty of the study cornes from the microwave heating sensitivity to the geometry and to the coupling between the dielectric properties and the temperature and the composition. Consequently, a methodology allowing the determination of the parameters involved in this coupling is presented. Dielectric properties are measured by the small perturbations in a resonant cavity method, the electric field is calculated by the software H. F. S. S. @, modelling allows to determine the temperature distribution inside the medium, finally the Mie theory permits to calculate the optimal geometry of the system. This theoretical approach is validated by the experiment. A second stage of the study presents an original method for the investigation of decomposition reactions. Conversion rates of components are modelled further to the measurement of dielectric properties
Durand-Charles, Sylvie. "Application de la chimie sous champ micro-ondes à la séparation par chromatographie en phase liquide haute performance". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3039.
Testo completoThe work presented in this report deals with the development of systems in order to underscore the feasibility and the potential of the application of microwave assisted chemistry to high performance liquid chromatography. First, a microwave system with a non resonant cavity for short high performance liquid chromatography columns (shorter than 7. 5 cm) was developed. Its interest was evaluated on cases of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon separations in reversed phase and on analyses of the two main redox chromium species by ion exchange mechanism. Potential of constant or variable microwave irradiation was tested. Then, a second microwave system with a resonant cavity for long high performance liquid chromatography columns (up to 25 cm) was developed. Its potential was also evaluated for separations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in reversed phase in case of constant or variable microwave irradiation
Benamara, Nassima. "Intensification de procédés par chauffage micro-ondes pour la chimie verte". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR13.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is the development and characterisation of an intensified continuous microwave reactor for green chemistry. The development of this reactor required, at first, the characterisation of the dielectric and magnetic properties of the used materials. A numerical simulation was then used to predict the field and temperature profiles within the materials. The influence of different parameters on the microwave heating was also studied, such as the influence of the dielectric nature of the reaction medium, the ratio of the fluid in the reactor, the arrangement of the reactor in the applicator and the size and shape of the latter. Hydrodynamics were also taken into account in the simulation to predict the temperature profiles in the reactor. All the numerical results were validated experimentally. Experimental results also made it possible to refine the thermal model of the reactor. In the end, an esterification reaction was carried out and it proved the thermal and chemical efficiency of the designed reactor. Beyond this prototype, this thesis establishes a general scheme for the design of a continuous chemical process under microwaves whilst following the key rules of electromagnetism and optimising the wave propagation and the thermal performance of the reactor
Hilaire, Stéphanie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'activation des catalyseurs métalliques supportés préparés sous irradiation microonde". Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10090.
Testo completoCombe, Emmanuel. "Synthèse, mise en forme et frittage de céramiques thermoélectriques de formulation In2-xGexO3". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2062.
Testo completoThis work is focused on the relationships between manufacturing process, micro/nano structure and thermoelectric properties of electron doped In2-xGexO3 ceramics. For that purpose, the processing of nanopowders by soft chemistry (citrate gel process), ceramic forming process (Slip-casting) and fast sintering technique (microwave sintering) have been investigated. Compared to conventional synthesis process, the development of the citrate gel process allows to prepare homogeneous microstructures with improved thermoelectric properties. The figure of merit ZT of In2-xGexO3 compounds reaches values higher than 0. 3 at 1000 K. In order to increase the densification during sintering, the slip casting shaping process has been studied. Sintered compounds prepared by this technique exhibit densities closed to the theoretical value thanks to an optimized arrangement of particles in the green bulks. Otherwise, the development of microwave sintering enables the preparation of fine microstructures (grain size lower than 500 nm). Moreover, the conception of a thermoelectric device prepared with Ca3Co4O9 and Sn doped In2O3 compounds was also carried out. Output power of about 480 mW has been reached for a 56 legs module with a temperature difference of 550 K. The different results obtained during this PhD study appear to be interesting for the development of oxide compounds and oxide based thermoelectric devices with improved thermoelectric performances
Bonny, Sarah. "Mise au point de méthodes extractives (micro-ondes, liquides ioniques) et séparatives (CPC, résines adsorbantes. . . ) pour l'obtention de composés lichéniques". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S071.
Testo completoThe presented work deals with the development of recent methods to improve the extraction and the purification of secondary metabolites of lichens. First of all a rapid microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure was performed with open or closed-vessel for the extraction of the norstictic acid (NA) of Pertusaria pseudocorallina. The parameters of extraction such as the time, the power of irradiation, the volume and the type of solvent were optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal design. The MAE allows saving of time and solvents and a selective extraction of compounds. Ionic liquids were applied to P. Pseudocorallina combined or not with the MAE in closed system. Some of the imidazolium salts show a certain selectivity of extraction. We also carried out the purification of the NA and the connorstictic acid, two depsidones isolated from P. Pseudocorallina by the use of the FCPC, the MPLC and adsorbent resins. Finally another approach of separation was envisaged. It consisted of the synthesis of molecular tweezers which will be used to develop a new strategy of trapping of compound presents in a mixture by formation of charge-transfer complexes by π-stacking interactions
Richard, Mélissa. "Recyclage assisté des métaux stratégiques de batteries lithium-ion par chauffage micro-ondes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS466.
Testo completoWith the tremendous increase of electric vehicles market, the demand for cobalt, an important component of Li-ion batteries, is exploding. Cobalt is the considered as a critical resource and battery recycling, as a secondary mine, must be exploited. The present work proposes an innovative process for critical metals from lithium ion batteries recycling through hydrometallurgy. The usual batch process is transferred to a flow setup with assisted by microwave heating that enables simultaneous leaching and extraction the cobalt. This allows reduced energy and chemicals consumptions in continuous system . In a segmented water-kerosen flow, the selective heating the aqueous phase under microwave irradiation accelerate the dissolution of the electrode material. The presence of the water – kerosen interface allows extraction of cobalt simultaneously to its dissolution, thus increasing the LiCoO2 global dissolution rate. 1) The study of the kinetics leaching of the cathode materials was studied in order to optimize the operating conditions to leach a maximum of material in a minimum of time and to answer a first objective: one hour for a total dissolution in millifluidic condition. 2) The transposition of the studies in a stirred batch reactor to a smaller scale in a small diameter tubular reactor in order to simultaneously leach and extract the cobalt from the battery material. 3) The study of the microwave sensitivity of the complex fluids involved in the lixiviation and extraction. Use the experimental measurements to set up numerical models with the COMSOL software to understand the heat transfers in the system. 4) The study of the possibility of non-thermal effects of microwave heating justifying the differences in the leaching efficiency according to the heating modes. For this purpose, a set-up has been realized allowing to decorrelate the imposed microwave power and the dissolution temperature
Jin, Li. "Etude de l'homogénéité du chauffage des matériaux absorbants dans les applicateurs microondes : cas particulier de la fusion des verres". Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10031.
Testo completoThe thesis deals mainly with the energy dissipation and the heating uniformity of the lossy materials in the microwave applicators. The application of the elementary method to calculate the total average power dissipated in the lossy material is limited only to the case of the lowloss materials to treat. We extend the model of the applicator to the case of the high-loss materials with or no significant thickness, taking account of: complex caracteristic impedance of the guide due to the loss of the material ; two parallel impedances caracterizing the discontinuity at the edges of the material. This model allows to determine the attenuation, the wavelength, and the total average power dissipated in the lossy material. The applicator based on the corrugated waveguides reducing the wavelength is utilised in order to obtain a more uniform treatement of the material. Three types of the corrugated waveguides are studied and the calculatig rules are given, with which the constructor can design un applicator
Salmoria, Gean Vitor. "Application des micro-ondes à la chimie fine et aux transformations des matériaux céramiques, polymères et bois : mesure des propriétés électromagnétiques pour l'optimisation et le contrôle des procédés". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT022H.
Testo completoEl, Harrous Abderrahim. "Le suivi en temps ŕéel de la transformation d'un matériau sous champ microonde". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT027H.
Testo completoBedhome, Vincent. "Conception et mise au point d'un procédé de chauffage continu assurant la polymérisation et le retrait d'une polyfibre composite". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10026.
Testo completoGuyon, Audrey. "Frittage ultra-rapide naturel : chauffage par micro-ondes et par induction". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI087/document.
Testo completoThe techniques of ultrafast pressureless sintering as microwave or induction sintering offer manyadvantages. However, the development of these techniques requires an understanding and a control ofthe mechanisms involved. Both similar and complementary, these processes of heating-sintering havebeen studied by an experimental approach to increase knowledge in the field of Ultrafast PressurelessSintering.In this thesis, the study of microwave sintering of Al2O3-(Y)ZrO2 composites has been conductedin parallel with induction sintering of a submicronic nickel powder. The experimental approach usedconsisted in carrying out sintering experiments at imposed heating rates (from 25 to 1000°C/min) onchosen materials and small parts, referring to conventional sintering behavior at the macroscopic andmicroscopic scale
Benabdessadok, Mohamed Lamine. "Étude de la distribution de la puissance électromagnétique dans une charge en silicium et son évaluation par une caméra infrarouge". Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT087H.
Testo completoEpane, Géraldine. "Oxydation des sucres via la technologie des micro-ondes, en vue d’obtenir des acides carboxyliques". Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0123.
Testo completoThis work aims, the preparation of carboxylic acids starting from glucidic resources degradation. Microwaves organic syntheses under solventless conditions combined with the use of solid supports were privileged in an environmental and energy concern. Initially, the alkaline degradation of simple carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, mannose and saccharide on support alumina (Al2O3) was investigated. Thereafter, a second way of synthesizing carboxylic acids using strong oxidants also supported on alumina was studied. Finally, the acid degradation of glucose or fructose starting from an acid with both a catalytic and a solid support properties was carried out. In this work, the experimental designs were often used with an aim of minimizing the experiments on the one hand, but also to study the effects of the various operational parameters for an optimization of the processes
Lohr, Christophe. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un applicateur cylindrique à ondes progressives fortement dissipatif : rétroaction thermique et analyse en mode propre : cas de l'eau et de l'éthanol". Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS030.
Testo completoThe aim is the identification of the modes TE, TM, HEM which appear within a cylindrical waveguide loaded axially with ethanol or water rod. The strong thermal dependency of the dielectric properties results in thermal trajectories in complex plane a-b which looks like loops. Coupling of modes is induced by distortion of thermal trajectories due to heating. The coupling between thermal and electromagnetic processes illustrates effects of thermal change of dielectric losses upon heating dynamic. In spite of dielectric losses of water which decrease continuously with the temperature, an inflexion point on the heating curves is observed. The electric field focusing effect within the dielectric rod makes up the strong decrease of dielectric losses of water (capacity to convert electromagnetic energy into heat at 2. 45 Ghz). These thermal runaways are interpreted in term of jump between two stable branches (bistability)
Heuguet, Romain. "Développement des procédés micro-ondes monomodes à 2450 MHz et 915 MHz pour le frittage de céramiques oxydes". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2028.
Testo completoA new microwave single mode cavity was developed to study microwave heating at very high temperature, up to 1500°C. The as developed system, working at 2450 MHz was used to sinter different ceramic oxides. First, zinc oxide material was sintered and the study showed that there is probably a non thermal effect provided by microwave. This non thermal effect was attributed to an electromagnetic pressure. Microwave sintering of pure rutile TiO2 was conducted as well without the use of any susceptor. Almost fully dense TiO2 samples were obtained, and results showed that the microwave process allows lowering the sintering temperature by at least 150°C with respect to the conventional process, and therefore improved dielectric properties were done. Finally, a study on the microwave sintering at high temperature has been done, leading to the development of specific assembly with susceptor, allowing the sintering of alumina. Experimental results and numerical simulations lead us to conclude that the nature of the susceptor (its dielectric properties) highly influences the sintering behavior of alumina. It has been also studied the scaling up of the single mode microwave sintering process, to produce sample, having a diameter greater than 50 mm
Gueye, Mamadou Bamba. "Définition, conception (modélisation) et réalisation d'une antenne compacte en ondes millimétriques (71GHz - 86GHz) pour des liaisons haut débit numérique". Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100002.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is the design of an ultra-directive planar antenna for 71-86 GHz band. The antenna is designed in waveguide technology (or metamaterials, in parallel with the LEME-OMS laboratory) using low cost plastic materials. Work will focus on the specification, analysis, design and implementation and testing of a prototype planar antenna waveguide. The work of this thesis fit into the framework of the project ELI-IAN * and more particularly in SP4 sub-project on the development of a new generation compact antenna. *The project ELHAN (E band Digital High Speed Link) belong to the competitiveness cluster SYSTEM@TIC of the Ile de France region (FUI7 / FEDER2) aims to develop electronic components and modules for future telecommunication applications at very high speed E band (60-90 GHz). This project was born from a need to cover new bands, strongly motivated by the saturation of the electromagnetic spectrum of current commercial bands. Indeed, it is crucial to explore the higher frequency in particular those still free to meet the surge demands broadband connections, including mobile communications and data transfers. The first chapter introduces: 1/ The ELI-IAN project, the context of the study and associate partners. 2/ The literature review for directional antennas, millimeter band technologies capable to meet the specifications. Chapter II is divided into several parts. 1/ Modeling and design of the various individual elements of the antenna waveguide. 2 / Elements specifications, definition of requirements and constraints related to technology. 3 / configuring an antenna array to reduce the side lobes to meet the templates required by the FCC or ETSI standards. We’ll adopt a configuration called polarization "slant 45°” or diamond position. It allows, in particular palliate the application of Taylor or Tchebychev weighting, reducing the side lobes level. 4 / Selecting feeding network associated with the antenna and the splitter architecture implemented for the distribution of energy. We present the problems encountered in using standards waveguides and the choice of innovative solutions to overcome them. A model of <> waveguide was adopted for <> to reduce the size of standard guides while maintaining their performance. The third and final chapter is an opportunity to validate the proposed concept of the array antenna. It discusses the implementation and measurements on the basic components of the antenna. A prototype of waveguide planar antenna in 80 GHz has been realized and tested. Similarly, all the individual elements (horn element, power divider, and sub-array 4 x 4 elements. . . ) has been made. We spend the last part of this chapter for the measurements and the experimental validations for all the antenna modules and comparing the results of the numerical study. We were able to validate the array planar antenna waveguide in the millimeter frequency band (80 GHz). We finished this memoir by the conclusions and perspectives
Peillex-Tran, Anh Van. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions micro-ondes-matière condensée : application à quelques exemples de la chimie organique". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10235.
Testo completoChatron-Michaud, Pascal. "Synthèse de banques de catalyseurs pour la polymérisation d’oléfines". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S196.
Testo completoThe first chapter deals with the design of a new ligands library for the ethylene polymerization. A high throughput synthesis and screening approach is developed during this chapter to test a library of 2-iminobenzimidazole complexed on various late transition metals. This makes possible to draw conclusion on this type of ligands as well as for general polymerization important factors (temperature, pressure…) The second and the third chapters deal with the modification of bis-imine ligands by introducing a pyridyle group. This pyridyle group makes the ligands potentially N-alkylable, which changes the ligands and catalysts behaviours. The influence of the N-alkylation on those catalysts has been studied through NMR, FTIR and polymerization experiments. The last chapter is to make a method for the synthesis and the heterogeneous screening of unbridged métallocènes. The method has been applied on 36 catalysts
Hanna-Wakim, Lara. "Effet d'un chauffage micro-ondes et conventionnel sur la thermorésistance d'une Salmonelle traitée dans un produit à basse activité d'eau : conséquences sur la qulité du produit". Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5601/01/2008AGPT0047.pdf.
Testo completoDewez, Sandrine. "Utilisation des micro-ondes dans l'ennoblissement textile". Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fb9852f2-eb3a-4bc9-b1c6-bcb7f1fe26cc.
Testo completoThe textile ennoblement is very consumer out of water and auxiliaries which lead to a strong polluting load of its rejections. Thus, several studies were undertaken during the Seventies and Eighties to introduce microwave (MW) technology and to reduce pollution, but little of them led to an industrial development. Since ten years now one notes in particular a renewed interest for the MW technology in the field of chemistry. The goal of this work is initially to study the feasibility of the use of a mixed process conventional heating/MW for the textile ennoblement and to develop a laboratory pilot. The device was designed and optimized while being based on the ennoblement with various stages of various textile materials. In the second time, we tried more precisely to understand the effects of the MW on the dyeing of polyester. The use of the MW for the textile treatments makes it possible to decrease the temperatures and the duration of the treatments and also to strongly limit the addition of textile auxiliaries. With the microwaves, the kinetics of dyeing and diffusion of the dye in fibre are accelerated. The tests show that the MW act particularly on water and dyes, the polyester fiber being not very polar. Assumptions are made to explain the effects. Thus the MW would quickly compensate for the cooling caused by the evaporation of water and the sublimation of the dyes, making it possible to increase speeds of dyeing. One notes a reduction in the energy of activation of the diffusion of the dye in fibre: Specific effects of the MW would be also concerned
Jacotin, Arnaud. "Contribution au développement de méthodes thermiques en vue de la détection d'objets enfouis". École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ESAE0017.
Testo completoLippiatt, Nicholas Richard. "Études sur la texture du béton pour le développement d’un processus de recyclage du béton en utilisant un chauffage par micro-ondes". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0021/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is concerned with the development of efficient concrete recycling technology. Concrete is the most used manufactured material on the planet and as a consequence uses more natural resources than any other industry and is responsible for 7% of the world’s carbon dioxide production, 50% of that originating from the decarbonisation of limestone. Given the magnitude of materials used and the waste produced the recycling of concrete would be a major environmental boon and should be made a priority. The main obstacle to the development and implementation of a concrete recycling process is the necessity of separating concrete components, aggregate and cement paste before recycling. Microwave heating stands as an ideal candidate due to its capacity to selectively heat different phases in a multiphase material, thus producing phase boundary fracture and increasing the liberation of the component phases. The effects of microwave heating on concrete samples were investigated with the intent of concluding on the possibility of deriving a microwave-based recycling process for concrete. The effects were measured using standard macroscopic techniques and found a strong correlation between heating, increased porosity and decreased mechanical strength for concrete. In order to better understand the changes measured at the macroscopic scale, a dedicated image analysis technique was developed using electron microscopy to investigate local microscopic changes in concrete texture. Local investigation of the changes of heat treated concrete identified the presence of fracture porosity, which has significant explanatory power for observed changes in concrete properties most relevant to recycling. Textural analysis of concrete subjected to microwave heating showed the growth of two different networks of fractures throughout the cement paste matrix, whose development is associated with the microwave settings. These textural fracture properties correspond directly to the observed changes in mechanical properties as well as the observed liberation of aggregate particles. Textural analysis shows that phase boundary fracture growth occurs rapidly in the early stages of microwave treatment and that the absolute value of textural liberation is significantly higher than that of physical liberation. This highlights the importance of choosing an appropriate comminution method to make efficient use of phase boundary fracture. Moreover, the work established causal relationships between variations in fracture porosity and changes in properties of concrete most relevant to recycling, revealing the possibility of designing a concrete waste beneficiation process through manipulating concrete texture. Since microwave heating was found to be able to manipulate the form taken by the fracture porosity, this work concludes that microwave heating of concrete is a promising technology for designing a concrete recycling scheme. Moreover, through demonstration of causal links between textural properties and processing performance criteria, this work opens the possibility of an alternative approach for analysing and designing comminution process for minerals
Silve, Jean-Marc. "Étude de la fusion et de la vitrification de déchets nucléaires par micro-ondes". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10361.
Testo completoGrossin, David. "Développement du procédé de chauffage micro-ondes en vue de l’élaboration de céramiques à propriétés électriques particulières". Caen, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00147635/.
Testo completoThis work is devoted to the development of microwave heating process with the view of elaborating ceramics with particular electric properties. The aim is to valorize this heating process through the synthesis of functional ceramics. The manuscript presents interesting results which can be separated in two parts. Firstly, we studied the microwaves heating of refractory oxides in a resonant rectangular cavity TE102. Initially the synthesis by direct microwave heating of La0. 8Sr0. 2MnO3 (LSMO) was selected but the obtained results were not satisfying and the direct heating was modified by an indirect one. This new process allowed the successful synthesis and sintering of long LSMO bars in both static and continuous mode without deteriorating the high colossal magneto-resistance properties of this material. This process was also employed with success for the insulator BaZrO3 sintering. Secondly, we studied the texturation of YBa2Cu3O prepared by the microwaves floating zone process. The objective was to improve the superconducting properties by controlling the crystallographic orientation. For that, two processes were developed. The first method consisted to substitute partially the calcium in the yttrium site, which allowed an effective optimization of the orientation and opened new perspectives for improving the processing and properties of superconducting materials. The second method combines the floating zone with the top seeding method. Samples obtained by this method showed satisfactory superconducting properties. The texture was analysed and studied by EBSD, XRD, and neutron diffraction