Bibliografie tematiche / Charge excitations

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Charge excitations"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Charge excitations":

1

Dressel, M., N. Drichko e S. Kaiser. "Collective charge-order excitations". Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 470 (dicembre 2010): S589—S591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2009.10.116.

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2

Sagawa, Hiroyuki. "Single and Double Charge Exchange Excitations of Spin-Isospin Mode". EPJ Web of Conferences 223 (2019): 01053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922301053.

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We study the sum rules of double Gamow-Teller (DGT) excitations through double spin-isospin operator (σt­)2 In general, 2+states in the granddaughter nuclei have dominant transition strength in DGT excitations and 0+states are weak, except in T = 1 mother nuclei in which 0+strength is competitive with 2+strength. A possibility to extract the unit cross section for the DGT transition strength is pointed out in the (#x03C3;t­)2 excitation of double isobaric analog state (DIAS) in T = 1 nuclei.
3

Freeman, P. G., S. M. Hayden, C. D. Frost, D. Prabhakaran e A. T. Boothroyd. "Magnetic excitations of charge-ordered". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 310, n. 2 (marzo 2007): 760–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.488.

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4

Thalmeier, P., e A. N. Yaresko. "Magnetic excitations in charge ordered". European Physical Journal B 14, n. 3 (2000): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510051058.

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5

Thalmeier, P., e A. N. Yaresko. "Magnetic excitations in charge ordered". European Physical Journal B 14, n. 3 (marzo 2000): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00011054.

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6

Moore, Barry, Haitao Sun, Niranjan Govind, Karol Kowalski e Jochen Autschbach. "Charge-Transfer Versus Charge-Transfer-Like Excitations Revisited". Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 11, n. 7 (17 giugno 2015): 3305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00335.

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7

Senaratne, Ruwan, Danyel Cavazos-Cavazos, Sheng Wang, Feng He, Ya-Ting Chang, Aashish Kafle, Han Pu, Xi-Wen Guan e Randall G. Hulet. "Spin-charge separation in a one-dimensional Fermi gas with tunable interactions". Science 376, n. 6599 (17 giugno 2022): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abn1719.

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Ultracold atoms confined to periodic potentials have proven to be a powerful tool for quantum simulation of complex many-body systems. We confine fermions to one dimension to realize the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid model, which describes the highly collective nature of their low-energy excitations. We use Bragg spectroscopy to directly excite either the spin or charge waves for various strengths of repulsive interaction. We observe that the velocity of the spin and charge excitations shift in opposite directions with increasing interaction, a hallmark of spin-charge separation. The excitation spectra are in quantitative agreement with the exact solution of the Yang-Gaudin model and the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory. Furthermore, we identify effects of nonlinear corrections to this theory that arise from band curvature and back-scattering.
8

Kushwaha, Manvir S. "Charge density excitations in semiconductor superlattices". Journal of Applied Physics 62, n. 5 (settembre 1987): 1895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339577.

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9

Bakhshaei, Elaheh, e Alessandro Bombini. "Three-charge superstrata with internal excitations". Classical and Quantum Gravity 36, n. 5 (4 febbraio 2019): 055001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab01bc.

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10

Björnsson, P., M. Rübhausen, J. Bäckström, M. Käll, S. Eriksson, J. Eriksen e L. Börjesson. "Lattice and charge excitations inLa1−xSrxMnO3". Physical Review B 61, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2000): 1193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.61.1193.

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Ti possono interessare anche gli elenchi estesi di opere sul tema "Charge excitations":
Articoli di riviste Tesi Libri

Tesi sul tema "Charge excitations":

1

Waidacher, Christoph. "Charge properties of cuprates: ground state and excitations". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2000. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-998985918593-73513.

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This thesis analyzes charge properties of (undoped) cuprate compounds from a theoretical point of view. The central question considered here is: How does the dimensionality of the CU-O sub-structure influence its charge degrees of freedom? The model used to describe the Cu-O sub-structure is the three- (or multi-) band Hubbard model. Analytical approaches are employed (ground-state formalism for strongly correlated systems, Mori-Zwanzig projection technique) as well as numerical simulations (Projector Quantum Monte Carlo, exact diagonalization). Several results are compared to experimental data. The following materials have been chosen as candidates to represent different Cu-O sub-structures: Bi2CuO4 (isolated CuO4 plaquettes), Li2CuO2 (chains of edge-sharing plaquettes), Sr2CuO3 (chains of corner-sharing plaquettes), and Sr2CuO2Cl2 (planes of plaquettes). Several results presented in this thesis are valid for other cuprates as well. Two different aspects of charge properties are analyzed: 1) Charge properties of the ground state 2) Charge excitations. (gekürzte Fassung)
2

Waidacher, Christoph. "Charge properties of cuprates: ground state and excitations". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24786.

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This thesis analyzes charge properties of (undoped) cuprate compounds from a theoretical point of view. The central question considered here is: How does the dimensionality of the CU-O sub-structure influence its charge degrees of freedom? The model used to describe the Cu-O sub-structure is the three- (or multi-) band Hubbard model. Analytical approaches are employed (ground-state formalism for strongly correlated systems, Mori-Zwanzig projection technique) as well as numerical simulations (Projector Quantum Monte Carlo, exact diagonalization). Several results are compared to experimental data. The following materials have been chosen as candidates to represent different Cu-O sub-structures: Bi2CuO4 (isolated CuO4 plaquettes), Li2CuO2 (chains of edge-sharing plaquettes), Sr2CuO3 (chains of corner-sharing plaquettes), and Sr2CuO2Cl2 (planes of plaquettes). Several results presented in this thesis are valid for other cuprates as well. Two different aspects of charge properties are analyzed: 1) Charge properties of the ground state 2) Charge excitations. (gekürzte Fassung)
3

Lorin, Arnaud. "Electronic properties of silver chloride : influence of excitons on the charge dynamics". Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX087.

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En 1848, Edmond Becquerel proposa une des toutes premières techniques de photographie en couleur. Ce procédé suscita parmi la communauté scientifique de nombreux débats sur l'origine des couleurs observées. En 2019, Victor de Seauve, dans une thèse au Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle à Paris, a apporté de nombreuses clarifications, proposant une nouvelle explication. Le facteur clé de cette explication est la dynamique des charges, en réaction à la lumière, dans un composé de chlorure d'argent (AgCl) qui contient des nanoparticules d'argent. L'objectif de la présente thèse est de participer à cet effort de compréhension en apportant un éclairage théorique. La première question concerne le niveau de théorie nécessaire pour décrire correctement les propriétés électroniques et optiques d'AgCl. Nos calculs ont montré que seule la solution de l'équation Bethe-Salpeter peut décrire le spectre optique d'AgCl, car ce spectre est dominé par un fort pic d'absorption dû à un exciton lié. De plus, le calcul doit s'appuyer sur une structure de bandes qui est déterminée de manière auto-cohérente dans un calcul GW, très lourd numériquement. Afin de pouvoir réaliser le calcul dans le cadre de l'équation de Bethe-Salpeter, une fonction diélectrique modèle a été utilisée et améliorée. Les résultats de nos calculs décrivent bien les spectres mesurés, et nous ont permis d'analyser et d'interpréter les observations. Dans l'hypothèse avancée par l'équipe du Muséum, la lumière excite une nanoparticule d'argent, ce qui provoque un transfert de charges à l'interface entre la nanoparticule et AgCl. Avec l'objectif de pouvoir étudier ce phénomène, une approche numérique pour accéder à la dynamique des charges induites par une perturbation externe a été développée. Cette approche a en particulier permis de montrer qu'un état excitonique lié influence la dynamique des charges de façon très importante. Enfin, nous avons effectué une première modélisation du transfert de charge aux interfaces entre une nanoparticule d'argent et AgCl, en étudiant une hétéro-structure simplifiée. Nous avons montré le changement du spectre de AgCl dû au voisinage de l'argent métallique et validé l'utilisation de la théorie des milieux effectifs pour décrire ces changements. Des calculs de la densité induite par des perturbations périodiques ont été réalisés. Ces calculs restent lourds, et l'étude se poursuivra avec l'idée de combiner les calculs ab initio avec la théorie des milieux effectifs
In 1848, Edmond Becquerel proposed one of the first techniques of color photography. This technique raised a long-standing debate in the scientific community concerning the origin of the observed colors. In 2019, Victor de Seauve, during his thesis at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, could clarify some important issues, proposing a new explanation. The aim of the present thesis was to participate in this effort of comprehension, by adding theoretical insight. The first question is which level of theory one may adopt in order to correctly describe the electronic and optical properties of AgCl. Our calculations show that only the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation is able to describe the optical spectrum of AgCl, since the spectrum is dominated by a strong peak at the absorption onset, due to a bound exciton. Moreover, the calculation has to be based on a band structure that results from a self-consistent GW calculation. In order to make the Bethe-Salpeter calculations possible, a previously proposed model dielectric function was used in an improved way. Our results well describe the measured absorption spectra, and enable us to analyse and interpret the observations. In the hypothesis brought forward by the team at the Museum, the light excites a silver nanoparticle, followed by a transfer of charge at the interface between the nanoparticle and AgCl. In order to be able to study this phenomenon, we have developed a numerical approach describing the charge dynamics due to an external perturbation. In particular, this approach has allowed us to show that a bound exciton influences the charge dynamics significantly. Finally, we have set up a first model meant to simulate the charge transfer between a silver nanoparticle and AgCl, based on a simplified heterostructure. We have shown how the absorption spectrum of AgCl changes due to its neighbourhood to the silver metal, and how these changes can be described by the effective medium theory. Calculations of the density induced by a periodic perturbation have been carried out. These calculations remain cumbersome, and the study will continue with the idea to combine ab initio calculations with effective medium theory
4

Liang, H. "Nuclear charge-exchange excitations in a self-consistent covariant approach". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00506913.

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Les excitations d'´echange de charge dans les noyaux constituent l'un des sujets importants et actuels en physique nucl´eaire et en astrophysique. En principe, une connaissance syst´ematique de l'´evolution du comportement de ces excitations `a travers la table des ´el´ements fournirait des informations directes sur les propri´et´es en spin et isospin de l'interaction entre nucl´eons dans le milieu nucl´eaire, et sur l'´equation d'´etat de la mati`ere nucl´eaire. Par ailleurs, une quantit´e d'importance essentielle pour la structure des noyaux, l'´epaisseur de la peau de neutrons, peut ˆetre d´etermin´ee par la r`egle de somme de la r´esonance spin-dipolaire (RSD) ou par la s´eparation en ´energie entre l'´etat isobarique analogue (EIA) et la r´esonance de Gamow-Teller (RGT). Plus g´en´eralement, les excitations d'´echange de charge permettent d'aborder des probl`emes d'int´erˆet g´en´eral tels que l'´etude de l'´evolution des ´etoiles `a neutrons et des supernovae, la d´ecroissance β des noyaux le long du processus r dans la nucl´eosynth`ese stellaire, ou les interactions neutrino-noyau. Elles jouent aussi un rˆole essentiel pour extraire la valeur de l'´el´ement Vud de la matrice de Cabibbo-Kobayashi- Maskawa par le biais de la r´eaction de d´ecroissance β super-permise 0+ → 0+ dans les noyaux. Pour toutes ces raisons, il est important de d´evelopper des th´eories microscopiques des excitations d'´echange de charge, et ceci constitue la principale motivation de notre recherche. Dans ce travail, nous ´etablissons le formalisme et les m´ethodes num´eriques pour d´ecrire les excitations d'´echange de charge dans le cadre de la Random Phase Approximation (RPA) selfconsistante construite sur l'approximation de Hartree-Fock relativiste (RHF). Un test important de pr´ecision num´erique est r´ealis´e sur l'´etat isobarique analogue. La m´ethode est ensuite utilis´ee pour mener des applications num´eriques r´ealistes sur un certain nombre de questions physiques: les r´esonances de spin-isospin dans les noyaux proches des noyaux magiques, les corrections dˆues aux m´elanges d'isospin dans les transitions β super-permises, les interactions neutrino-noyau dans les voies de courants charg´es. Pour les deux modes importants de spin-isospin que sont la RGT et la RSD nous trouvons qu'un excellent accord avec l'exp´erience est obtenu sans aucun r´eajustement des param`etres du mod`ele. De plus, les termes d'´echange de l'interaction induite par les m´esons isoscalaires jouent un rˆole essentiel dans les excitations de spin-isospin, `a la diff´erence de la RPA construite sur l'approximation de Hartree relativiste. En ce qui concerne notre ´etude des transitions β 0+ → 0+ super-permises l'une des conclusions est que les corrections δc dˆues aux violations de la sym´etrie d'isospin d´ependent sensiblement du champ moyen d'´echange produit par les interactions coulombiennes, mais ne changent pas sensiblement avec le mod`ele de Lagrangien utilis´e. Nous utilisons ces valeurs de δc pour d´eduire des plus r´ecentes valeurs exp´erimentales de ft dans les noyaux T = 1, et en tenant compte des corrections radiatives, les valeurs de Ft ”ind´ependantes de noyaux”. Nous obtenons ainsi des valeurs de l'´el´ement de matrice |Vud| de Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa en bon accord avec les valeurs d´eduites des d´ecroissances neutronique et pionique, et les transitions dans les noyaux miroirs, tandis que la somme des carr´es des ´el´ements de la premi`ere ligne d´evie l´eg`erement de la condition d'unitarit´e. Nous avons ´egalement utilis´e nos fonctions d'onde RPA pour ´evaluer les amplitudes de transition correspondant `a l'interaction faible lepton-hadron sous la forme standard courant-courant. Ainsi, les processus faibles semi-leptoniques tels que les r´eactions neutrino-noyau, capture leptonique charg´ee, d´esint´egration β, peuvent ˆetre ´etudi´es. Nos premi`eres applications concernent la r´eaction 16O(νe, e−)16F pour laquelle nous comparons nos pr´edictions avec celles d'autres auteurs. Dans la discussion des r´esultats nous nous effor¸cons en particulier de clarifier l'influence appr´eciable des diff´erentes prescriptions que l'on peut adopter pour le choix de la constante de couplage vecteur axiale et l'inclusion ou non des ´etats excit´es de basse ´energie dans le noyau final.
5

Rubio, Pons Oscar. "Charge-transfer excitations and phtophysical properties of molecular building blocks". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teoretisk kemi (stängd 20110512), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184.

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This thesis reports a state-of-the-art theoretical study of photophysical properties of organic charge-transfer aromatic molecules. These molecules are building blocks of molecular functional materials used in modern photonics technology and play essential roles in chemistry and biology in general. A good understanding of these systems is thus important. The theoretical results for permanent dipole moments of some substituted benzenes have been obtained using the coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) method. The performance of density functional theory (DFT) for the geometry and electronic properties has been compared with that of traditional ab initio methods, such as Hartree-Fock, second-order Möller Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), CCSD and CCSD(T). Limitations of the DFT methods for charge transfer molecules have been demonstrated. The multi-configuration self-consistent field (MCSCF) method has been applied to understand properties of the triplet states of benzene derivatives by studying their phosphorescence with the inclusion of contributions from vibronic coupling. It has also been employed to calculate the photophysics of the thioxanthone molecule containing three benzene rings in combination with the CASPT2 method, resolving a long-standing problem concerning the possible stable conformations of the molecule. With knowledge of the building blocks a series of porphyrin derivatives with exceptionally large two-photon absorption cross sections were designed, and proposed for use in bioimaging applications. The static and dynamic properties of a few zinc and platinum organometallic compounds, being possible candidates for optical limiting devices, have also investigated.
QC 20101011
6

Rubio, Pons Óscar. "Charge-transfer excitations and photophysical properties of molecular building blocks /". Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184.

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7

Liang, Haozhao. "Nuclear charge-exchange excitations in a self-consistent covariant approach". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112178.

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Abstract (sommario):
Les excitations d'échange de charge dans les noyaux constituent l'un des sujets importants et actuels en physique nucléaire et en astrophysique. En principe, une connaissance systématique de l'évolution du comportement de ces excitations à travers la table des éléments fournirait des informations directes sur les propriétés en spin et isospin de l'interaction entre nucléons dans le milieu nucléaire, et sur l'équation d'état de la matière nucléaire. Par ailleurs, une quantité d'importance essentielle pour la structure des noyaux, l'épaisseur de la peau de neutrons, peut être déterminée par la règle de somme de la résonance spin-dipolaire (RSD) ou par la séparation en énergie entre l'état isobarique analogue (ElA) et la résonance de Gamow-Teller (RGT). Plus généralement, les excitations d'échange de charge permettent d'aborder des probèmes d'inérêt général tels que l'étude de l'évolution des étoiles à neutrons et des supernovae, la décroissance des noyaux le long du processus r dans la nucléosynthèse stellaire, ou les interactions neutrino-noyau. Elles jouent aussi un rôle essentiel pour extraire la valeur de l'élément Vud de la matrice de Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa par le biais de la réaction de décroissance β super-permise 0 +→ 0+ dans les noyaux. Pour toutes ces raisons, il est important de d'evelopper des théories microscopiques des excitations d'échange de charge, et ceci constitue la principale motivation de notre recherche. Dans ce travail, nous établissons le formalisme et les méthodes numériques pour d' ecrire les excitations d'échange de charge dans le cadre de la Random Phase Approximation (RPA) self-consistante construite sur l'approximation de Hartree-Fock relativiste (RHF). Un test important de précision numérique est réalisé sur l'état isobarique analogue. La méthode est ensuite utilisée pour mener des applications numériques réalistes sur un certain nombre de questions physiques : les résonances de spin-isospin dans les noyaux proches des noyaux magiques, les corrections dûes aux mélanges d'isospin dans les transitions β super-permises, les interactions neutrino-noyau dans les voies de courants chargés. Pour les deux modes importants de spin-isospin que sont la RGT et la RSD nous trouvons qu'un excellent accord avec l'expérience est obtenu sans aucun réajustement des paramètres du modèle. De plus, les termes d'échange de l'interaction induite par les mésons isoscalaires jouent un rôle essentiel dans les excitations de spin-isospin, à la différence de la RPA construite sur l'approximation de Hartree relativiste. En ce qui concerne notre étude des transitions β 0+ → 0+ super-permises, l'une des conclusions est que les corrections δc dues aux violations de la symétrie d'isospin dépendent sensiblement du champ moyen d'échange produit par les interactions coulombiennes, mais ne changent pas sensiblement avec le modèle de Lagrangien utilisé. Nous utilisons ces valeurs de δc pour déduire des plus récentes valeurs expérimentales de ft dans les noyaux T = 1, et en tenant compte des corrections radiatives, les valeurs de Ft "indépendantes de noyaux". Nous obtenons ainsi des valeurs de l'élément de matrice ıVudı de Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa en bon accord avec les valeurs déduites des décroissances neutronique et pionique, et les transitions dans les noyaux miroirs, tandis que la somme des carrés des éléments de la première ligne dévie légèrement de la condition d'unitarité. Nous avons également utilisé nos fonctions d'onde RPA pour évaluer les amplitudes de transition correspondant à l'interaction faible lepton-hadron sous la forme standard courant-courant. Ainsi, les processus faibles semi-leptoniques tels que les réactions neutrino-noyau, capture leptonique chargée, désintégration β , peuvent être étudiés. Nos premières applications concernent la réaction 16 O(Ve , e - ) 16 F pour laquelle nous comparons nos prédictions avec celles d'autres auteurs. Dans la discussion des résultats nous nous efforçons en particulier de clarifier l'influence appréciable des différentes prescriptions que l'on peut adopter pour le choix de la constante de couplage vecteur axiale et l'inclusion ou non des états excités de basse énergie dans le noyau final
Nowadays, charge-exchange excitations in nuclei become one of the central topics in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Basically, a systematic pattern of the energy and collectivity of these excitations could provide direct information on the spin and isospin properties of the in-medium nuclear interaction, and the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter. Furthermore, a basic and critical quantity in nuclear structure, neutron skin thickness, can be determined indirectly by the sum rule of spin-dipole resonances (SOR) or the excitation energy spacing between the isobaric analog states (lAS) and Gamow-Teller resonances (GTR). More generally, charge-exchange excitations allow one to attack other kinds of problems outside the realm of nuclear structure, like the description of neutron star and supernova evolutions, the β-decay of nuclei which lie on the r-process path of stellar nucleosynthesis, and the neutrino-nucleus cross sections. They also play an essential role in extracting the value of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element Vud via the nuclear 0+→ 0 + superallowed Fermi β decays. For all these reasons, it is important to develop the microscopic theories of charge-exchange excitations and it is the main motivation of the present work. Ln this work, a fully self-consistent charge-exchange relativistic random phase approximation (RPA) based on the relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) approach is established. Its self-consistency is verified by the so-called lAS check. This approach is then applied to investigate the nuclear spin-isospin resonances, isospin symmetry-breaking corrections for the superallowed β decays, and the charged-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections. For two important spin-isospin resonances, GTR and SOR, it is shown that a very satisfactory agreement with the experimental data can be obtained without any readjustment of the energy functional. Furthermore, the isoscalar mesons are found to play an essential role in spin-isospin resonances via the exchange terms, which leads to a profound effect in the nuclear isovector properties, e. G. , the density dependence of the symmetry energy in nuclear matter. Ln the investigation of the isospin symmetry-breaking corrections for the superallowed β decays, it is found that the corrections δc are sensitive to the proper treatments of the Coulomb mean field, but not so much to specific effective interactions. With these corrections δc, the nucleus-independent Ft values are obtained in combination with the experimental ft values in the most recent survey and the improved radiative corrections. The values of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element IVudI thus obtained weil agree with those obtained in neutron decay, pion decay, and nuclear mirror transitions, while the sum of squared top-row elements somehow deviates from the unitarity condition. Expressing the weak lepton-hadron interaction in the standard current-current form, the relevant transitions from the nuclear ground state to the excited states are calculated with RHF+RPA approach. Ln this way, the semileptonic weak interaction processes, e. G. , neutrino reactions, charged- lepton capture, β-decays, can be investigated microscopically and self-consistently. First illustrative calculations of the inclusive neutrino-nucleus cross section are performed for the 16 O(Ve ,e-)16 F reaction, and a good agreement with the previous theoretical studies is obtained. The main effort is dedicated to discussing the substantial influence of different recipes for the axial vector coupling strength and the theoretical low-Iying excited states of the daughter nucleus
8

Tegomo, Chiogo Bodry. "Spectroscopic studies of cerium and Ytterbium-based Kondo systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0193.

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Les composés de cérium et d'ytterbium sont des systèmes qui présentent des propriétés magnétiques, électroniques et thermodynamiques exceptionnelles à basse température, tels que l'effet Kondo, les fermions lourds, la valence intermédiaire et des ondes de densité de charge. Ces propriétés sont dues aux interactions électron-électron très fortes des états f et à l'hybridation des états f avec les électrons de conduction. Dans la première partie de ce travail de thèse, nous étudions la structure électronique de l'YbPd, un composé cubique à haute température, qui présente des ondes de densité de charge (CDW) incommensurable et commensurable dans en dessous de T_1 = 130 K et T_2 = 105 K, respectivement. En dessous de 105 K, les sites magnétique Yb^{3+} et non magnétique Yb^{2.6+} sont disposés alternativement le long de l'axe c, en une structure tétragonale présentant un ordre de valence. La spectroscopie de photoémission de rayons X durs (HAXPES) des états 3d de l'Yb montre des caractéristiques Yb^{2+} et Yb^{3+} indépendantes de la température au-dessus de T_1, et un changement de valence des deux sites cristallographiques d'Yb dans la phase CDW. Des calculs des spectres HAXPES au seuil 3d de l'Yb avec un modèle à une impureté d'Anderson simplifié montrent un bon accord avec la dépendance en température de la valence et fournissent les températures de Kondo des deux sites d'Yb. Les résultats indiquent une évolution de la valence intermédiaire dans la phase cubique à un ordre CDW statique à longue portée dans la phase tétragonale. Nous proposons que le mécanisme Kondo est à l'origine de l'onde de densité de charge. La diffusion inélastique résonante des rayons X est une technique très efficace pour étudier les excitations élémentaire dans une large variété de systèmes tels que les excitations de transfert de charge, les excitations de champ cristallin et de spin-orbite. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, le RIXS combiné avec des simulations à base du modèle à une impureté d'Anderson et la théorie des multiplets a été utilisé pour l'étude des composés de cérium avec différentes températures de Kondo T_K. Nous avons démontré que toutes les excitations de charge observées en les spectres de photoémission et photoémission inverse combinés peuvent être mises en évidence par la spectroscopie RIXS simplement en faisant varier l'énergie du photon incident autour du seuil M_5 du cérium. Nous discutons également de la dépendance drastique de la structure f^0 dans les spectres RIXS en fonction de la polarisation et de la forte dépendance en température de la structure de type fluorescence, qui rappelle la dépendance à la température de la résonance de Kondo
Cerium and ytterbium compounds are systems that exhibit outstanding magnetic, electronic, and thermodynamic properties at low temperatures, such as the Kondo effect, heavy fermions, intermediate valence, and charge density waves. These properties are due to the very strong electron-electron interactions of the f states and the hybridization of the f states with the conduction electrons. In the first part of this thesis work, we investigate the temperature-dependent electronic structure of YbPd, a Kondo mixed-valent cubic compound at high temperature, which exhibits incommensurate and commensurate charge-density-wave (CDW) ordering below T_1 = 130 K and T_2 = 105 K, respectively. Below 105 K, magnetic Yb^{3+} and nonmagnetic Yb^{2.6+} are arranged alternatively along the c axis, in a tetragonal structure exhibiting valence order. Hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy of Yb 3d states show temperature-independent Yb^{2+} and Yb^{3+} features indicating single-Yb site dynamic valence fluctuations above T_1, and a clear temperature dependent valence change of the two crystallographic Yb sites in the CDW phase. Simplified single-impurity Anderson model calculations of the Yb 3d states show good agreement with the temperature-dependent valency change and provide site-dependent Kondo temperatures. The results indicate an evolution from dynamic mixed-valence in the cubic phase to long-range static CDW order in the tetragonal phase, which is driven by the difference in Kondo energies of the two phases. Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is a very efficient technique to study elementary excitations in a large variety of systems, such as charge transfer excitations, the crystal field, and spin-orbit excitations. In the second part of this work, we investigated cerium compounds with different Kondo temperatures using RIXS at Ce M_5-edge combined with simulation using the full multiplet theory and the single impurity Anderson model. We demonstrated that all the charge excitations observed in combined photoemission and inverse photoemission can be evidenced by RIXS spectroscopy just by varying the incident photon energy around the Ce M_5-edge. We also discuss the drastic polarization dependence of the f^0 structure in RIXS spectra and the strong temperature dependence of the fluorescence-like structure, which is reminiscent of the temperature dependence of the Kondo resonance
9

Falck, Jens Petter. "Polaronic charge carriers and their optical excitations in insulating La₂CuO₄₊y̳". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12450.

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Few, Sheridan. "Theoretical studies of charge transfer excitations, absorption, and polarisation in organic photovoltaic materials". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/33284.

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Abstract (sommario):
To optimise organic photovoltaic devices, design rules relating chemical and physical structure to the ability of the active material to absorb light, separate charges and transport charges, are required. We assess the predictive power of computational modelling techniques, comparing results with experiment. In Chapter 4, we calculate the influence of chemical structure on conformation and light absorption in conjugated polymers, and explain the remarkably high optical absorption in poly-thieno[3,2b]-thiophene-diketo-pyrrolopyrrole-co-thiophene (PDPP-TT-T) in terms of its high persistence length. We calculate that diketopyrrolopyrrole does not act as an electron acceptor in PDPP-TT-T or other oligomers, and find no correlation between transition dipole moment and degree of charge transfer between units. Chapter 5 reviews recent developments in modelling charge pair generation, focussing on electronic structure calculations of interfacial states, electrostatic models, excited state dynamics, and remaining challenges in achieving a predictive approach. In Chapter 6, we study the influence of chemical structure and mutual position of oligomer:fullerene pairs on interfacial state properties using time-dependent density functional theory, reproducing energy trends measured by electroluminescence in corresponding polymer:fullerene systems. For several isoindigo and diketopyrrolopyrrole based cooligomers, we calculate a lowest excitation energy close in energy to that of pairs with fullerene. The natures and energies of these pair states are strongly dependent on fullerene position. We calculate the effect of thiophene substitution in PDPP-TT-T, and rationalise observed charge separation efficiency of corresponding experimental systems. In Chapter 7, we calculate the influence of chemical structure on electronic polarisabilities of functionalised fullerenes using the Hartree Fock method, and the influence of molecular polarisability, lattice structure, and direction of charge separation on dielectric constants in C60 and PCBM, using a polarisable dipole model. We calculate the influence of electronic polarisation on charge delocalisation, and its dependence upon chemical structure and packing, and discuss relevance to charge transport properties.
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Libri sul tema "Charge excitations":

1

1934-, Okiji A., Makoshi K. 1948-, Kasai H. 1952- e Taniguchi International Symposium on the Theory of Condensed Matter (18th : 1996 : Kashikojima, Japan), a cura di. Elementary processes in excitations and reactions on solid surfaces: Proceedings of the 18th Taniguchi Symposium, Kashikojima, Japan, January 22-27, 1996. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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Baldassare, Di Bartolo, Chen Xuesheng e International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, a cura di. Advances in energy transfer processes: Proceedings of the 16th course of the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy : Erice, Sicily, Italy, 17 June-1 July, 1999. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 2001.

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Baldassare, Di Bartolo, Chen Xuesheng e International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (1999 : Erice, Italy), a cura di. Advances in energy transfer processes: Proceedings of the 16th course of the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Erice, Sicily, Italy, 17 June-1 July, 1999. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2001.

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Schopper, H., a cura di. Tables of Excitations from Reactions with Charged Particles. Part 3: Z = 63 - 99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48701-2.

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Schopper, H., a cura di. Tables of Excitations from Reactions with Charged Particles. Part 2: Z = 37 - 62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44713-9.

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Schopper, H., a cura di. Tables of Excitations from Reactions with Charged Particles. Part 1: Z = 3 - 36. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b104820.

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7

Ansermet, J. Ph. Spintronics with metallic nanowires. A cura di A. V. Narlikar e Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.3.

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This article focuses on spintronics with metallic nanowires. It begins with a review of the highlights of spintronics research, paying attention to the very important developments accomplished with tunnel junctions. It then considers the effect of current on magnetization before discussing spin diffusion and especially spin-dependent conductivities, spin-diffusion lengths, and spin accumulation. It also examines models for spin-polarized currents acting on magnetization, current-induced magnetization switching, and current-driven magnetic excitations. It concludes with an overview of resonant-current excitations, with emphasis on spin-valves and tunnel junctions as well as resonant excitation of spin-waves, domain walls and vortices. In addition, the article reflects on the future of spintronics, citing in particular the potential of the spin Hall effect as the method of generating spin accumulation, free of charge accumulation.
8

Ieda, J., e S. Maekawa. Spinmotive force. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0007.

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This chapter begins with Faraday’s law, which states that electromotive forces power everything by virtue of the charge e of an electron, and introduces spinmotive forces which reflect the magnetic moment of an electron. This motive force reflects the energy conservation requirements of the spin-torque transfer process that is at the heart of spintronics. The Stern-Gerlach experiment that used spin-dependent forces established the existence of spin. It is shown here that conservative forces would exist even if an electron was not charged, and do exist for uncharged excitations, such as magnons or phonons. Such forces are especially important in ferromagnetic materials where the spinmotive force commonly drives an electronic charge current due to the higher mobility of the majority electrons.
9

(Editor), Ayao Okiji, Hideaki Kasai (Editor) e Kenji Makoshi (Editor), a cura di. Elementary Processes in Excitations and Reactions on Solid Surfaces: Proceedings of the 18th Taniguchi Symposium Kashikojima, Japan, January 22-27, 1996 (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences). Springer, 1996.

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10

Oleg, Kirichek, a cura di. Edge excitations of low-dimensional charged systems. Huntington, N.Y, 2001.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Charge excitations":

1

Mäntele, W. "Energy and charge transfer in photosynthesis". In Nonlinear Excitations in Biomolecules, 295–316. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08994-1_23.

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Overhauser, A. W. "Phase Excitations of Charge Density Waves". In Anomalous Effects in Simple Metals, 190–98. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631469.ch29.

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Mezhov-Deglin, Leonid P., e Andrey I. Golov. "Charge Motion in Solid Helium". In Excitations in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Quantum Fluids, 407–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5937-1_39.

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Suhonen, Jouni. "Charge-Changing Particle-Hole Excitations and the pnTDA". In Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 287–303. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48861-3_10.

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Bishop, A. R. "Phonons and Charge-Transfer Excitations in High-Temperature Superconductors". In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 482–500. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84377-8_23.

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Boriack, M. L., e A. W. Overhauser. "Attenuation of Phase Excitations in Charge-Density Wave Systems". In Anomalous Effects in Simple Metals, 212–20. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631469.ch31.

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White, C. T., M. R. Cook, B. I. Dunlap, R. C. Mowrey, D. W. Brenner, P. P. Schmidt e J. W. Mintmire. "Virtual Symmetric Charge Transfer Superconducting Pairing Excitations in C60". In Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, 1397–402. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_195.

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Freeman, A. J., S. Massidda e Jaejun Yu. "Bonds, Bands, Charge-Transfer Excitations, and High-Temperature Superconductivity". In ACS Symposium Series, 64–83. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0377.ch006.

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Yu, Jaejun, A. J. Freeman e S. Massidda. "Bonds, Bands, Charge Transfer Excitations and Superconductivity: YBa2Cu3O7−δ vs. YBa2Cu3O6". In Novel Superconductivity, 367–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1937-5_39.

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10

Luty, T. "Neutral-to-Ionic Transformation as Condensation and Solidification of Charge-Transfer Excitations". In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 142–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60702-8_15.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Charge excitations":

1

Chin, S. L., W. Xiong e P. Lavigne. "Multiple Charges Creation (Up to Xe6+) from Xe atoms by An Intense CO2 Laser*". In Multiple Excitations of Atoms. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mea.1986.mc2.

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Experiments in recent years have shown that using an intense laser beam of intensities of more than 1013 W/cm2 (up to 1016 W/cm2) multiply charged ions of rare gas atoms were created with relative ease. The wavelengths of the lasers ranged from the infrared1,2 through the near i.r.3 and visible3 to the u.v.4. Most of the data indicated that a step-wise multiphoton process was responsible for the multiple charge creation.
2

Nieminen, R. M. "Excitations, charge transfer and trapping". In 4th International workshop on: Slow−positron beam techniques for solids and surfaces. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40176.

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3

Luk, T. S., H. Jara, U. Johann, I. A. McIntyre, A. McPherson, A. P. Schwarzenbach, K. Boyer e C. K. Rhodes. "Subpicosecond Ultraviolet Multiphoton Electron Spectroscopy of Rare Gases*". In Multiple Excitations of Atoms. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mea.1986.mc3.

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Recent advances in high power laser development have enabled field strengths comparable to the atomic binding field to be generated. This experimental achievement has stimulated considerable interest in the study of the nature of multiphoton processes. Previously reported results of photoelectron spectra using 10 ps, 193 nm radiation1 have shown that the photoionization mechanism for the low charge states is largely a stepwise process and the threshold intensities required to produce the charge states are in reasonable agreement with the Keldysh model. In addition, the effect of the ponderomotive potential in suppressing the lowest order ionization channel was observed.
4

Clark, Charles W., e Stephen J. Buckman. "Regularities of Negative Ion Resonances". In Multiple Excitations of Atoms. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mea.1986.tua5.

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The effects of electron correlation in atomic and molecular systems are perhaps most pronounced in negative ions. No long-range Coulomb field is present to bind an additional electron to a parent state of a neutral atom. The stability of a negative ion state is thus usually attributed to one of two alternative mechanisms, both of which invoke electron correlation phenomena: i) polarization of the parent atom provides an attractive potential in which an electron can be weakly bound; ii) two electrons orbit a singly-charged positive ion in a highly correlated fashion, so that each electron is effectively subject to the Coulomb potential of a fractional charge. These correspond respectively to motions in the valleys and upon the ridge of a hyperspherical potential surface. Both mechanisms seem capable of generating the long series of resonances converging on the parent ionization limit, which have been observed in most negative ion systems.1
5

Chu, Shih-I. "Multiphoton and Above-Threshold Ionization". In Multiple Excitations of Atoms. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mea.1986.ma7.

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Recently a number of advances have been made regarding the developments of semiclassical Floquet theories for ab initio nonperturbative treatments of intense field multiphoton processes.1,2 These include multiphoton excitation (MPE) and dissociation (MPD) of molecules,1 multiphoton ionization (MPI) of atoms,1 many-mode Floquet theory,1,2 SU(N) dynamic symmetries and symmetry breaking,2 charge exchange in laser fields2 and nonlinear optical processes etc.3
6

Agostini, P., G. Petite e F. Yergeau. "Peak suppression in Above-Threshold-Ionization". In Multiple Excitations of Atoms. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mea.1986.mb3.

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Recently, the Above-Threshold-Ionization (ATI) phenomenon has received much attention, in particular from theoreticians bringing up models to interpret the suppression of the low-energy part of the electron energy spectrum. In this respect, the reasons why some electron peaks should be suppressed can be classified in three groups: first, intensity effects which modify, in all models, the ATI probabilities and in some of them would induce strong Stark shifts of the ionization limit. Second, polarization effects: it has been proposed that in circular polarization, the high-angular-momentum final states, which are also the high-energy part of the spectrum, should dominate over the low-angular-momentum ones. Third, space charge effects, which could prevent the low-energy electrons from escaping from the interaction region. In this paper, after a brief review of the experimental and theoretical material, we present and discuss new experimental results obtained in a regime free of space charge effects, using a magnetic collection and time-of-flight technigue. In xenon at 1064 nm, the main results are: (i) the first peak of the ATI spectrum is suppressed at 5×10−2 W.cm−2 with linear polarization and at a lower value in circular polarization. For both polarizations, the peak suppression takes place at intensities much lower than the saturation intensity. For circular polarization, the effect of the centrifugal barrier which has been proposed recently is discussed, with the conclusion that it may enhance the peak supression which remain, fundamentally an intensity effect.
7

Jara, H., U. Johann, T. S. Luk, I. A. McIntyre, A. McPherson, A. P. Schwarzenbach, K. Boyer e C. K. Rhodes. "Multiphoton Excitation and Ionization of Atoms". In Multiple Excitations of Atoms. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mea.1986.wa1.

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It has been conjectured that atomic motions fundamentally different from those presently observed may be driven under extreme conditions of irradiation. Indeed, it has been suggested1-4 that ordered many-electron motions of outer-shell electrons could lead to enhanced rates of coupling from the radiation field to an atom. In order to study the conditions necessary for new atomic responses to occur and to determine the influence of possible damping mechanisms, the properties of ion charge state distributions,5 electron energy spectra,6 and harmonic radiation7 produced by irradiation of atoms with ultra-violet radiation with different pulse lengths, wavelengths, and intensities have been investigated.
8

Leonardi, Renzo. "Charge-exchange collective excitations and sum rules". In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 163. AIP, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.36937.

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Faisal, Farhad H. M. "Collective Dipole Exitation of Many-electron Atoms by Intense Laser Pulse". In Multiple Excitations of Atoms. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mea.1986.tuc9.

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A major implication of the remarkable data/1-3/ on multiple ionization of many electron atoms in intense laser pulses is the unusually strong coupling strength at UV and infrared frequencies. Luk et al./2/ appear to have been the first to envisage a giant dipole or multipole excitation of atoms, in the present context. The purpose of this paper is to give a many-body non-perturbative analysis (using a generalization of a method of Tomonaga/4/ within the random phase approximation) of an N-electron atomic Hamiltonian coupled to a laser pulse and to demonstrate the existence of laser driven colletive dipole excitations of noble gas atoms. We also determine the photon absorption cross-sections due to this process. It is shown that the dipole operator of a many-electron atom can execute quantum oscillations with a distribution of fundamental frequencies and that the laser excites preferentially the mode whose frequency is resonant with the laser frequency. These modes appear essentially in the outer region of the atomic charge distribution, both at 193 nm and 1064 nm laser wavelengths. It is found, for example, for Xe that the 5p6 and the 5s2 sub-shells alone contribute virtually completely to the resonant modes; all the other shells contributing less than 0.1%.
10

Hata, T., T. Endo, M. Hashisaka, T. Akiho, K. Muraki e T. Fujisawa. "Spin-charge separation of fractionally charged excitations studied with current noise measurement". In 2019 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2019.e-1-02.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Charge excitations":

1

Piotr Piotrowiak. Electronic and Nuclear Factors in Charge and Excitation Transfer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/832834.

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2

Sampson, D. H. Excitation and ionization of highly charged ions by electron impact. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5179867.

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Sampson, D. H. Electron impact collision strengths for excitation of highly charged ions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6506503.

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Piotrowiak, P. Electronic and nuclear factors in intramolecular charge and excitation transfer processes. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491446.

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5

Watson, R. L. Excitation of atoms and molecules in collisions with highly charged ions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5302309.

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Gorelenkov, N. N., e C. Z. Cheng. Excitation of Alfven Cyclotron Instability by charged fusion products in tokamaks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172222.

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Howell, R. B., R. J. Fonck, R. J. Knize e K. P. Jaehnig. Corrections to charge exchange spectroscopic measurements in TFTR due to energy-dependent excitation rates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6838276.

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Watson, R. Excitation of atoms and molecules in collisions with fast, highly charged ions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5218966.

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Sampson, D. H. Relativistic calculations of excitation and ionization of highly charged ions by electron impact. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6912230.

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Piotrowiak, P. Electronic and nuclear factors in intramolecular charge and excitation transfer processes. [Annual report], October 1992--September 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10122468.

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