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1
Giurgiutiu, Victor, e Andrei N. Zagrai. "Characterization of Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 11, n. 12 (dicembre 2000): 959–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/a1hu-23jd-m5au-engw.
Abstract (sommario):
In the beginning, the classical one-dimensional analysis of piezoelectric active sensors is reviewed. The complete derivation for a free-free sensor is then extended to cover the cases of clamped and elastically constrained sensors. An analytical model based on structural vibration theory and theory of piezoelectricity was developed and used to predict the electromechanical (E/M) impedance response, as it would be measured at the piezoelectric active sensor’s terminals. The model considers one-dimensional structures and accounts for both axial and flexural vibrations. The numerical analysis was performed and supported by experimental results. Experiments were conducted on simple beam specimens to support the theoretical investigation, and on thin gauge aluminum plates to illustrate the method’s potential. It was shown that E/M impedance spectrum recorded by the piezoelectric active sensor accurately represents the mechanical response of a structure. It was further proved that the response of the structure is not modified by the presence of the sensor, thus validating the sensor’s non-invasive characteristics. The sensor calibration procedure is outlined and statistical analysis was presented. It was found that PZT active sensors have stable and repeatable characteristics not only in as-received condition, but also while mounted on 1-D or 2-D host structure. It is shown that such sensors, of negligible mass, can be permanently applied to the structure creating a non-intrusive sensor array adequate for on-line automatic structural identification and health monitoring.
2
Petrović, Davor, e Željko Barač. "Different Sensor Systems for the Application of Variable Rate Technology in Permanent Crops". Tehnički glasnik 12, n. 3 (25 settembre 2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180213125928.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper presents a review of different sensory systems for trees’ characterization and detection in permanent crops and the detection of plant health status in crop conditions for the purpose of applying the variable application rate. The use of new technologies enables the use of variable inputs in production with the aim of increasing the economic profit and reducing the negative impact on the environment. World trends increasingly emphasize the use of various sensor systems to achieve precision agriculture and apply the following: ultrasonic sensors for the detection of permanent crops; LIDAR (optical) sensors for treetop detection and characterization; infrared sensors with similar characteristics of optical sensors, but with very low cost prices and N - sensors for variable nitric fertilization. The daily development of sensor systems applied in agricultural production improves the performance and quality of the machines they are installed on. With a more intensive use of sensors in agricultural mechanization, their price becomes more acceptable for widespread use by achieving high quality work with respect to the ecological principles of sustainable production.
3
Aijazi, A. K., L. Malaterre, L. Trassoudaine e P. Checchin. "SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 3D SOLID STATE LIDAR SENSORS FOR AUTONOMOUS GROUND VEHICLES". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (6 agosto 2020): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-199-2020.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. 3D LiDAR sensors play an important part in several autonomous navigation and perception systems with the technology evolving rapidly over time. This work presents the preliminary evaluation results of a 3D solid state LiDAR sensor. Different aspects of this new type of sensor are studied and their data are characterized for their effective utilization for object detection for the application of Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGV). The paper provides a set of evaluations to analyze the characterizations and performances of such LiDAR sensors. After characterization of the sensor, the performance is also evaluated in real environment with the sensors mounted on top of a vehicle and used to detect and classify different objects using a state-of-the-art Super-Voxel based method. The 3D point cloud obtained from the sensor is classified into three main object classes “Building”, “Ground” and “Obstacles”. The results evaluated on real data, clearly demonstrate the applicability and suitability of the sensor for such type of applications.
4
Yulianti, Ian, Ngurah Made Darma Putra, Fianti Fianti, Abu Sahmah Mohd Supa’at, Helvi Rumiana, Siti Maimanah e Kukuh Eka Kurniansyah. "Characterization of Temperature Response of Asymmetric Tapered-Plastic Optical Fiber-Mach Zehnder Interferometer". Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) 10, n. 1 (14 luglio 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v10n1.p34-43.
Abstract (sommario):
Temperature measurement is important in various applications; therefore, various temperature sensors have been developed. Due to its advantages, many optical fiber-based temperature sensors have been proposed. The wavelength modulation-based optical sensor is interesting due to high accuracy. However, the complex fabrication process and high cost limit the advantages of the sensors. Therefore, we proposed a simple and low-cost Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor using step-index plastic optical fiber (SI-POF). Performance characterization of the sensor to temperature variation is presented. The sensor consists of two tapers at several distances, forming an interferometer. The first taper was designed to be steep to allow excitation of cladding modes, while the second taper was gradual to suppress power loss. Characterizations were done in terms of sensitivity, hysteresis, and repeatability by analyzing the output spectrums recorded by the spectrometer at various environment temperatures, 35oC to 85oC, with an increment of 10oC. The results showed that the sensor has a sensitivity of 0.0431 nm/oC and a correlation coefficient of 0.9965. Hysteresis of 6.9×10-3 was observed. In terms of repeatability, the sensor shows a maximum deviation, ±3oC, which was mainly resulted from the fluctuation of the oven temperature. Despite its high deviation, the sensor has advantages of simple fabrication, low cost, robust, and low power loss, which make it a good candidate for temperature sensors.
5
Grima, Adrian, Mario Di Castro, Alessandro Masi e Nicholas Sammut. "Frequency response characterization of ironless inductive position sensors with long cables". MATEC Web of Conferences 208 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820803007.
Abstract (sommario):
The two linear position sensors used to determine the position of the European Organization for Nuclear Research; Large Hadron Collider collimator’s jaws with respect to the beam are the linear variable differential transformer and the ironless inductive position sensor. The latter was designed as an alternative to the former since the linear variable differential transformer exhibits a position error in magnetic environments. The ironless inductive position sensor is an air cored, high-precision linear position sensor, which is by design immune to external DC or slowly varying magnetic fields. Since the ironless inductive position sensor is required to have no on-board electronics, the raw signal has to be carried through long cable lengths and this may lead to performance degradation. This paper focuses on a set of experimental measurements conducted to assess the ironless inductive position sensor’s sensitivity at different frequencies with long cable lengths. This is critical for the sensor`s correct operation in the Large Hadron Collider`s collimators. Furthermore, to gain a better understanding, the ironless inductive position sensor’s frequency response is compared with a commercial off-the-shelf linear variable differential transformer.
6
Nouri, Hanen, Dhivakar Rajendran, Rajarajan Ramalingame e Olfa Kanoun. "Homogeneity Characterization of Textile-Integrated Wearable Sensors based on Impedance Spectroscopy". Sensors 22, n. 17 (30 agosto 2022): 6530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176530.
Abstract (sommario):
One of the main challenges during the integration of a carbon/polymer-based nanocomposite sensor on textile substrates is the fabrication of a homogeneous surface of the nanocomposite-based thin films, which play a major role in the reproducibility of the sensor. Characterizations are therefore required in every fabrication step to control the quality of the material preparation, deposition, and curing. As a result, microcharacterization methods are more suitable for laboratory investigations, and electrical methods can be easily implemented for in situ characterization within the manufacturing process. In this paper, several textile-based pressure sensors are fabricated at an optimized concentration of 0.3 wt.% of multiwalledcarbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite material in PDMS. We propose to use impedance spectroscopy for the characterization of both of the resistive behavior and capacitive behavior of the sensor at several frequencies and under different loads from 50 g to 500 g. The impedance spectra are fitted to a model composed of a resistance in series with a parallel combination of resistance and a constant phase element (CPE). The results show that the printing parameters strongly influence the impedance behavior under different loads. The deviation of the model parameter α of the CPE from the value 1 is strongly dependent on the nonhomogeneity of the sensor. Based on an impedance spectrum measurement followed by parameter extraction, the parameter α can be determined to realize a novel method for homogeneity characterization and in-line quality control of textile-integrated wearable sensors during the manufacturing process.
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Vivek, A., K. Shambavi e Zachariah C. Alex. "A review: metamaterial sensors for material characterization". Sensor Review 39, n. 3 (20 maggio 2019): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2018-0152.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose This paper aims to focus on research work related to metamaterial-based sensors for material characterization that have been developed for past ten years. A decade of research on metamaterial for sensing application has led to the advancement of compact and improved sensors. Design/methodology/approach In this study, relevant research papers on metamaterial sensors for material characterization published in reputed journals during the period 2007-2018 were reviewed, particularly focusing on shape, size and nature of materials characterized. Each sensor with its design and performance parameters have been summarized and discussed here. Findings As metamaterial structures are excited by electromagnetic wave interaction, sensing application throughout electromagnetic spectrum is possible. Recent advancement in fabrication techniques and improvement in metamaterial structures have led to the development of compact, label free and reversible sensors with high sensitivity. Originality/value The paper provides useful information on the development of metamaterial sensors for material characterization.
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Moreno, Javier, Eduard Clotet, Dani Martínez, Marcel Tresanchez, Tomàs Pallejà e Jordi Palacín. "Experimental Characterization of the Twin-Eye Laser Mouse Sensor". Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4281397.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper proposes the experimental characterization of a laser mouse sensor used in some optical mouse devices. The sensor characterized is called twin-eye laser mouse sensor and uses the Doppler effect to measure displacement as an alternative to optical flow-based mouse sensors. The experimental characterization showed similar measurement performances to optical flow sensors except in the sensitivity to height changes and when measuring nonlinear displacements, where the twin-eye sensor offered better performance. The measurement principle of this optical sensor can be applied to the development of alternative inexpensive applications that require planar displacement measurement and poor sensitivity toz-axis changes such as mobile robotics.
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Banothu, Akhil Naik, Vinay Budhraja, Prabha Sundaravadivel, Reginald Fletcher e Krishna Reddy. "Design and Characterization of Printed Flexible Humidity Sensor". ECS Transactions 113, n. 13 (17 maggio 2024): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11313.0027ecst.
Abstract (sommario):
The development of humidity sensors is essential for applications in the environmental, agriculture, medical and semiconductor industries. This research focused on using advanced printed board circuit (PCB) printing technology to fabricate a humidity moisture sensor. The fabrication of humidity sensor was done using two different polymers: p-HEMA and polyimide, and the performance was compared. Humidity sensors with p-HEMA showed higher capacitance value and more sensitivity than the humidity sensors with polyimide. The variation in sensitivity was higher between the relative humidity from 60% to 90% than between 45% to 60%.
10
Xu, Hong Yan, Xing Qiao Chen, Ling Zhan Fang e Bing Qiang Cao. "Preparation and Characterization of Cerium-Doped Tin Oxide Gas Sensors". Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (agosto 2011): 1450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1450.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, the precursors were synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method using SnCl4•5H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O as raw material, CO(NH2)2 as precipitants, respectively. Pure SnO2 nanoparticles and cerium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were obtained. Furthermore, five kinds of SnO2 thick film gas sensors were fabricated from the above SnO2 nanoparticles (the sensors denoted as sensor SC0, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC6, respectively). The experiment results showed that, compared with pure SnO2 thick film gas sensor, the intrinsic resistance of cerium-doped SnO2 thick film gas sensors decreased, and their sensor responses to acetone vapor increased, which are discussed in relation to the SEM micrographs of thick film sensors.
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Nofriandi, Alwi, Yulkifli Yulkifli, Asrizal Asrizal e Nur Anisa Sati’at. "IoT-based viscometer fabrication using the falling ball method for laboratory applications". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 34, n. 1 (1 aprile 2024): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i1.pp89-97.
Abstract (sommario):
This study outlines the production procedure of internet of things (IoT)- enabled viscometers designed for laboratory use. These viscometers utilize photodiode sensors, lasers, and falling ball techniques. The system is equipped with a temperature sensor that is utilized to quantify the impact of temperature on viscosity. The temperature sensor’s characterization yielded a R-square value of 0.999. The photodiode and laser sensors are utilized to operate a timer within the system, ensuring precise time measurement. The R-square value for the sensor characterization is 0.996. A viscometer equipped with an integrated IoT module for seamless wireless transmission of data. The photodiode timer sensor has an accuracy of 95.76% and a precision of 99.96%, while the temperature sensor has an accuracy of 99.43% and a precision of 99.93%. The viscometer transmits the measured viscosity data to the server using wireless technology. This IoT viscometer has the potential to enhance the efficiency and precision of liquid viscosity measurement in laboratory settings. Additionally, it enables real-time monitoring and data collection for subsequent analysis and research purposes.
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Whitworth, Avon, Amy Droitcour, Chenyan Song, Olga Boric-Lubecke e Victor Lubecke. "Characterization Technique for a Doppler Radar Occupancy Sensor". Electronics 12, n. 24 (5 dicembre 2023): 4888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12244888.
Abstract (sommario):
Occupancy sensors are electronic devices used to detect the presence of people in monitored areas, and the output of these sensors can be used to optimize lighting control, heating and ventilation control, and real-estate utilization. Testing methods already exist for certain types of occupancy sensors (e.g., passive infrared) to evaluate their relative performance, allowing manufacturers to report coverage patterns for different types of motion. However, the existing published techniques are mostly tailored for passive-infrared sensors and therefore limited to evaluation of large motions, such as walking and hand movement. Here we define a characterization technique for a Doppler radar occupancy sensor based on detecting a small motion representing human breathing, using a well-defined readily reproducible target. The presented technique specifically provides a robust testing method for a single-channel continuous wave Doppler-radar based occupancy sensor, which has variation in sensitivity within each wavelength of range. By comparison with test data taken from a human subject, we demonstrate that the mobile target provides a reproducible alternative for a human target that better accounts for the impact of sensor placement. This characterization technique enables generation of coverage patterns for breathing motion for single-channel continuous wave Doppler radar-based occupancy sensors.
13
Fischer, Roland, Heinrich Ditler, Michael Görtz e Wilfried Mokwa. "Fabrication and Characterization of Bending- Independent Capacitive CMOS Pressure Sensor Stacks". Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, n. 1 (1 settembre 2018): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0143.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractArtificial limbs, equipped with miniaturized tactile sensors, can handle objects with more dexterousness. Next to detecting forces, the sensor devices are also able to measure temperature. With this additional information, the touched objects can be better characterized. As such sensors, active CMOS-based capacitive pressure sensors are used in this work. The Sensors are thinned to 20-30 μm target thickness to make them bendable. One challenge of such thin sensors is the strong dependence of the output signal upon bending. To compensate this dependency, two sensors were mounted back to back. This allows a numerical adjustment of the two characteristic sensor output signals to mechanical stress curves. After electrically contacting of the stacks with a 15 μm thin polyimide foil substrate, the bending dependence of the stacks was characterized with a four-point bending procedure. By this characterization the dependency of the pressure sensor output signal on the height of mechanical stress was determined. Both sensor output signals show an inverted behavior under the same mechanical stress which confirmed prior simulation results with the same setup. Based on this information, a numerical method for compensating the bending dependence was successfully proven.
14
Jiao, Tong, Chuhong Pu, Wenjing Xing, Tao Lv, Yuan Li, Huaping Wang e Jianping He. "Characterization of Engineering-Suitable Optical Fiber Sensors Packaged with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers". Symmetry 14, n. 5 (10 maggio 2022): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14050973.
Abstract (sommario):
Glass fiber-reinforced polymer- (GFRP-) packaged optical fiber (OF) sensors are considered a promising engineering-suitable sensor for structural health monitoring. To date, some critical characteristics of the GFRP-packaged OF (GFRP-OF) sensors have not yet been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to systematically characterize the properties of the GFRP-OF sensors. Firstly, we proposed a dimension optimization method for GFRP-OF sensors by strain transfer theory, which is based on a symmetrical three-layered cylindrical model. Then, we experimentally investigated the properties of the GFRP-packaged fiber Bragg grating sensor and GFRP-packaged distributed optical fiber sensor, including their mechanical properties, strain/temperature sensing performance, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. The experimental results showed that the shear bearing capacity of GFRP-OF sensors was more than 120 times larger than that of the other three coated OF sensors, indicating that GFRP dramatically enhanced the robustness of the OF sensor. The GFRP–OF sensors also feature excellent strain and temperature sensing performance with high linearity and repeatability. The results also demonstrated that the GFRP–OF sensors have good fatigue properties with absolute fluctuations of strain sensitivity coefficients throughout the fatigue cycles within 0.02 pm/με; repeatability error did not exceed 0.5%, and nonlinear errors were less than 2%. A case study presented in the last section also illustrates the effectiveness of the GFRP-OF sensor in a field application.
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Wahyuni, Riska Sri, Robert V. M. e Arifin Arifin. "Fabrikasi dan Karakterisasi Sensor Elektrokimia untuk Mendeteksi Kadmium Berbasis Teknologi Film Tebal". IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems) 10, n. 2 (31 ottobre 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijeis.53468.
Abstract (sommario):
Electrochemical sensor has been fabrication and characterization electrode to detect heavy metals of cadmium with thick film technology. Fabrication electrodes electrochemical sensors start with the design stage of electrodes, screen maker, screen printing, and substrate cutting. The fabrication process produces a ten-pieces of sensors to be used to sensors characterization of SEM, XRD, and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The process of characterization produces morphology and the structure of the composites N/IL/G, and linieritas 0,9623, precision ranges between 4,11 and 10,35%, sensitivity of 0,04112 µA.L-1/mg.mm2, limit detection 0,18 mg/L, and accuracy between 79,5 and 126,8%.
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Schwenck, Adrian, Thomas Guenther e André Zimmermann. "Characterization and Benchmark of a Novel Capacitive and Fluidic Inclination Sensor". Sensors 21, n. 23 (1 dicembre 2021): 8030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238030.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, a fluidic capacitive inclination sensor is presented and compared to three types of silicon-based microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers. MEMS accelerometers are commonly used for tilt measurement. They can only be manufactured by large companies with clean-room technology due to the high requirements during assembly. In contrast, the fluidic sensor can be produced by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well, since only surface mount technologies (SMT) are required. Three different variants of the fluidic sensor were investigated. Two variants using stacked printed circuit boards (PCBs) and one variant with 3D-molded interconnect devices (MIDs) to form the sensor element are presented. Allan deviation, non-repeatability, hysteresis, and offset temperature stability were measured to compare the sensors. Within the fluidic sensors, the PCB variant with two sensor cavities performed best regarding all the measurement results except non-repeatability. Regarding bias stability, white noise, which was determined from the Allan deviation, and hysteresis, the fluidic sensors outperformed the MEMS-based sensors. The accelerometer Analog Devices ADXL355 offers slightly better results regarding offset temperature stability and non-repeatability. The MEMS sensors Bosch BMA280 and TDK InvenSense MPU6500 do not match the performance of fluidic sensors in any category. Their advantages are the favorable price and the smaller package. From the investigations, it can be concluded that the fluidic sensor is competitive in the targeted price range, especially for applications with extended requirements regarding bias stability, noise, and hysteresis.
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Yan, Yun Ju, Huan Guo Chen e Jie Sheng Jiang. "Optimal Placement of Sensors for Damage Characterization Using Genetic Algorithms". Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (marzo 2007): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.1033.
Abstract (sommario):
Sensor data are the basis for health assessment of complex structural systems. Careful selection and logical layout of sensors is critical to enable the high reliability of system health assessment. This paper presents a methodology how to use a minimum number of sensors, and what locations of them should be placed, so that the voltage signals received from the sensor can be used to detect both presence and extent of damage. In this study, an optimization procedure is developed using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the location of piezoelectric sensor for damage detection in a composite wingbox. A new damage index using all differences in voltage signals decomposed by wavelet transform is proposed. Results show that the proposed method is available at determining number and location of sensors for structural damage detection using piezoelectric patch sensors.
18
Wu, Lei, Muneesh Maheshwari, Yaowen Yang e Wensheng Xiao. "Selection and Characterization of Packaged FBG Sensors for Offshore Applications". Sensors 18, n. 11 (15 novembre 2018): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113963.
Abstract (sommario):
With the development in the exploitation of maritime resources, the structural health monitoring (SHM) of offshore structures becomes necessary. This study focuses on addressing the practical issues of application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for the SHM of offshore structures, in particular an FPSO (floating, production, storage, and offloading unit) vessel. Due to the harsh marine environment and tough working conditions, the FBG sensors must have sufficient protection and good repeatability for long-term monitoring. Thorough research has been conducted to identify the most suitable, commercially available protection packaging for FBG sensors for offshore applications. Further, the performance of the selected FBG sensor packaging is tested under conditions of strong sunlight, heavy rain, and salty water in order to emulate the marine environment. Moreover, the installation method of the packaged FBG sensors is equally important, as it ensures the repeatability and durability of the sensors for their long-term performance. It is shown that the packaged FBG sensors can be installed using resin-based epoxy to maintain the repeatability of the sensor over the long-term. Further, the packaged FBG sensors are installed and tested on a simple FPSO model. The experimental results under full load and ballast draft conditions show that the proposed FBG sensors are competent for the SHM of offshore structures.
19
Dou, Chuan Guo, Yan Hong Wu, Heng Yang e Xin Xin Li. "Design, Fabrication and Characterization of a 5x5 Array of Piezoresistive Stress and Temperature Sensors". Key Engineering Materials 503 (febbraio 2012): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.503.43.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper reports on the development and characterization of piezoresistive stress and temperature sensors fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The sensor chip consists of a 5x5 array elements enabling the simultaneous measurement of the absolute temperature as well as in-plane stress components in a temperature compensated manner. Each cell comprises a p-type piezoresistor rosette paralleling to the [110] crystal direction of silicon, an n-type piezoresistor rosette along the [100] crystal direction and a temperature sensor. Design, fabrication and characterization of piezoresistive and temperature sensors are described in detail. Moreover, based on the flexible printed circuit board, the prepackaging technique of sensors is reported and the electrical connections between the testing sensors and external measuring devices are achieved, then the changes in resistance versus temperature changes are measured in our experiment, the results show that this approach can be used for the signal measurement of sensor before the second packaging and on-line measurement of packaging stresses.
20
Lai, Zhengchuang, Zhongjie Ouyang, Shuncong Zhong, Wei Liang, Xiaoxiang Yang, Jiewen Lin, Qiukun Zhang e Jinlin Li. "Dynamic Characterization of Optical Coherence-Based Displacement-Type Weight Sensor". Sensors 23, n. 21 (2 novembre 2023): 8911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218911.
Abstract (sommario):
Dynamic characteristics play a crucial role in evaluating the performance of weight sensors and are essential for achieving fast and accurate weight measurements. This study focuses on a weight sensor based on optical coherence displacement. Using finite element analysis, the sensor was numerically simulated. Frequency domain and time domain dynamic response characteristics were explored through harmonic response analysis and transient dynamic analysis. The superior dynamic performance and reduced conditioning time of the non-contact optical coherence-based displacement weight sensor were confirmed via a negative step response experiment that compared the proposed sensing method to strain sensing. Moreover, dynamic performance metrics for the optical coherence displacement-type weight sensor were determined. Ultimately, the sensor’s dynamic performance was enhanced using the pole-zero placement method, decreasing the overshoot to 4.72% and reducing the response time to 0.0132 s. These enhancements broaden the sensor’s operational bandwidth and amplify its dynamic response capabilities.
21
Murray-Bergquist, Louisa, Felix Bernauer e Heiner Igel. "Characterization of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Sensors for Building Health Monitoring". Sensors 21, n. 11 (27 maggio 2021): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113732.
Abstract (sommario):
Six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) sensors measure translation along three axes and rotation around three axes. These collocated measurements make it possible to fully describe building motion without the need for an external reference point. This is an advantage for building health monitoring, which uses interstory drift and building eigenfrequencies to monitor stability. In this paper, IMU50 6DoF sensors are characterized to determine their suitability for building health monitoring. The sensors are calibrated using step table methods and by comparison with earth’s rotation and gravity. These methods are found to be comparable. The sensor’s self-noise is examined through the power spectral density and the Allan deviation of data recorded in a quiet environment. The effect of temperature variation is tested between 14 and 50 °C. It appears that the self-noise of the rotation components increases while the self-noise of the acceleration components decreases with temperature. The comparison of the sensor self-noise with ambient building signal and higher amplitude shaking shows that these sensors are in general not sensitive enough for ambient signal building health monitoring in the frequency domain, but could be useful for monitoring interstory drift and building motion during, for example, strong earthquake shaking in buildings similar to those examined here.
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Liu, Shanliangzi, Xiaoda Sun, Owen J. Hildreth e Konrad Rykaczewski. "Design and characterization of a single channel two-liquid capacitor and its application to hyperelastic strain sensing". Lab on a Chip 15, n. 5 (2015): 1376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc01341g.
Abstract (sommario):
We show that single channel capacitive strain sensor consisting of a high dielectric constant liquid sandwiched in-between two liquid metal electrodes can have 25 times higher capacitance per sensor's base area when compared to current two-channel liquid metal stain sensors.
23
Maria Eduarda Benfica Gonçalves, Rafael Andrade Vieira, Ciro Matheus de Lima Costa, Rafael Andrade Vieira, Jessica Guerreiro Santos Ramalho e Valéria Loureiro da Silva. "Optical Fibers Characterization for Macrobending Sensors". JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGIES AND HEALTH 7, n. 1 (22 maggio 2024): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v7i1.366.
Abstract (sommario):
The article delves into characterizing macrobending losses in optical fiber coils for use in diverse sensors. It examines Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) and Multimode Fiber (MMF) with step and graded index profiles incorporated into sensor coils of varying diameters and numbers of turns. The experimental configuration involves compressing the coils to monitor optical power loss caused by attenuation. The findings reveal that SMFs experience more significant macrobending losses than MMFs, while the graded index fiber exhibits notable resistance to bending. These results offer valuable guidance for fiber selection and sensor design considerations.
24
Hagemeier, Sebastian, Markus Schake e Peter Lehmann. "Sensor characterization by comparative measurements using a multi-sensor measuring system". Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 8, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2019): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-111-2019.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. Typical 3-D topography sensors for the measurement of surface structures in the micro- and nanometre range are atomic force microscopes (AFMs), tactile stylus instruments, confocal microscopes and white-light interferometers. Each sensor shows its own transfer behaviour. In order to investigate transfer characteristics as well as systematic measurement effects, a multi-sensor measuring system is presented. With this measurement system comparative measurements using five different topography sensors are performed under identical conditions in a single set-up. In addition to the concept of the multi-sensor measuring system and an overview of the sensors used, surface profiles obtained from a fine chirp calibration standard are presented to show the difficulties of an exact reconstruction of the surface structure as well as the necessity of comparative measurements conducted with different topography sensors. Furthermore, the suitability of the AFM as reference sensor for high-precision measurements is shown by measuring the surface structure of a blank Blu-ray disc.
25
Ayaz, Shehzad, Khurram Khattak, Zawar Khan, Nasru Minallah, Mushtaq Khan e Akhtar Khan. "Sensing technologies for traffic flow characterization: From heterogeneous traffic perspective". Journal of Applied Engineering Science 20, n. 1 (2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-32627.
Abstract (sommario):
Importance of detailed traffic flow characterization is immense for achieving an intelligent transportation system. As such, great efforts in existing literature have gone into proposing different solutions for traffic flow characterization. Among these, first generation intrusive sensors such as pneumatic tube, inductive loop, piezoelectric and magnetic sensors were both labor intensive and expensive to install and maintain. These sensors were able to provide only vehicle count and classification under homogeneous traffic conditions. Second generation non-intrusive sensors based solutions, though a marked improvement over intrusive sensors, have the capability to only measure vehicle count, speed and classifications. Furthermore, both intrusive and non-intrusive sensor based solutions have limitations when employed under congested and heterogeneous traffic conditions. To overcome these limitations, a compute vision based solution has been proposed for traffic flow characterization under heterogeneous traffic behaviour. The proposed solution was field tested on a complex road configuration, consisting of a two-way multi-lane road with three U-turns. Unlike both intrusive and non-intrusive sensors, the proposed solution can detect pedestrians, two/ three wheelers and animal/human driven carts. Furthermore, detailed flow parameters such as vehicle count, speed, spatial/temporal densities, trajectories and heat maps were measured.
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Bhatti, Muhammad Hamza, Muhammad Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Atif Khan e Yehia Massoud. "Low-Cost Microwave Sensor for Characterization and Adulteration Detection in Edible Oil". Applied Sciences 12, n. 17 (29 agosto 2022): 8665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178665.
Abstract (sommario):
A low-cost microwave sensor was designed for oil adulteration detection and characterization of pure edible oil using dielectric spectroscopy. The sensor’s final design was fabricated on a low cost 1.6 mm thick FR-4 substrate with a combination of a complementary split ring resonator and a transmission line. The sensor’s dimensions were 35 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 with a substrate dielectric constant of 4.3. A 5.25 GHz resonance frequency was selected as a reference for characterization and adulteration detection in pure edible oil. Initially, pure olive, caster, flaxseed, and mustard oil were characterized by the design sensors, with frequency shifts of 250, 370, 150, and 320 MHz, respectively. Pure olive oil with adulteration of castor, mustard, and argemone oil, was tested by placing the samples directly on the sensor. The experimental results showed that the sensor can detect 10% to 30% adulteration in the olive oil. The maximum sensitivity, frequency shift and quality factor were noted as 4.6, 530 MHz and 39, respectively. The high values of sensitivity and quality factor, along with agreement between simulated and experimental results, makes our sensor a good candidate for oil characterization and adulteration detection.
27
Roslan, Harry Sucitra, Maizatul Alice Meor Said, Zahriladha Zakaria e Mohamad Harris Misran. "Recent development of planar microwave sensor for material characterization of solid, liquid, and powder: a review". Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, n. 4 (1 agosto 2022): 1911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i4.4120.
Abstract (sommario):
Microwave is the most popular sensor in industrial applications for detecting material characterization. Over the past decade, microwave sensor is high demand, especially in medical for detecting cancer in the human body, agriculture for detecting moisture of soil, and freshness in the food industry. The previous study has shown that the high demands of the microwave sensor in industrial applications make researchers always think of new ideas to design microwave sensors to improves accuracy and sensitivity. This paper reviews an investigation of material characterization of recent developments of a planar sensor for various contaminants and parameter value of solid, liquid, and powder as material under test (MUT). Planar resonator sensor enhances the weakness of conventional sensors in bulky size, required a large volume of samples, and high cost. This planar sensor will differentiate MUT properties based on scattering parameters at various operating frequencies. The framework presented in this review paper includes new developments in resonator structure as well as advanced design of potential future research work. Previous studies will be objectively analysed and compared in order to gain a better understanding of microwave resonant sensors and to develop innovative concepts to further enhance application research involving material characterization.
28
Wang, Ying, Yu Xiao, Xiaofeng Zhao e Dianzhong Wen. "Fabrication and Characterization of Monolithic Integrated Three-Axis Acceleration/Pressure/Magnetic Field Sensors". Micromachines 15, n. 3 (19 marzo 2024): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15030412.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to realize the measurement of three-axis acceleration, pressure, and magnetic field, monolithic integrated three-axis acceleration/pressure/magnetic field sensors are proposed in this paper. The proposed sensors were constructed with an acceleration sensor consisting of four L-shaped double beams, two masses, middle double-beams, and twelve piezoresistors, a pressure sensor made of a square silicon membrane, and four piezoresistors, as well as a magnetic field sensor composed of five Hall elements. COMSOL software and TCAD-Atlas software were used to simulate characteristics of integrated sensors, and analyze the working principles of the sensors in measuring acceleration, pressure, and magnetic field. The integrated sensors were fabricated by using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology and packaged by using inner lead bonding technology. When applying a working voltage of 5 V at room temperature, it is possible for the proposed sensors to achieve the acceleration sensitivities of 3.58 mV/g, 2.68 mV/g, and 9.45 mV/g along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis (through an amplifying circuit), and the sensitivities towards pressure and magnetic field are 0.28 mV/kPa and 22.44 mV/T, respectively. It is shown that the proposed sensors can measure three-axis acceleration, pressure, and magnetic field.
29
Ruales, Mary, e Kinzy Jones. "Characterization of silicate sensors on Low Temperature Cofire Ceramic (LTCC) substrates using DSC and XRD techniques". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2012): 000598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wa31.
Abstract (sommario):
Characterization of Silicate sensors using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) is presented. These silicate sensors are based on three primary materials: Li2SiO3, K2SiO3, and CaSiO3. Silicate powders were transform into adequate inks that were added to a Low Temperature Cofire Ceramic (LTCC) substrates with thick film technology using screen printing which continues to offer innovative and cost effective solutions to the increasing demands for higher circuit densities. These silicate sensors are low power-high temperature heated ceramic sensors to detect halogen gases. Every sensor responded to the gas showing stability and reproducibility. Phase diagrams for these silicates were used to produce different combinations. The use of the eutectoid point in the phase diagrams was critical to reduce the operating temperature. Testing and characterization of these silicate sensors is presented. The impact of various parameters (e.g. materials design, structure, properties, performance and processing) for the sensors including their relationships for electronic packaging was reviewed and it was found critical to determine the microelectronics packaging reliability and integrity. The fundamentals of the sensor behavior including the sensitivity as well as response and recovery times were also determined.
30
Albishi, Ali M., Seyed H. Mirjahanmardi, Abdulbaset M. Ali, Vahid Nayyeri, Saud M. Wasly e Omar M. Ramahi. "Intelligent Sensing Using Multiple Sensors for Material Characterization". Sensors 19, n. 21 (2 novembre 2019): 4766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214766.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper presents a concept of an intelligent sensing technique based on modulating the frequency responses of microwave near-field sensors to characterize material parameters. The concept is based on the assumption that the physical parameters being extracted such as fluid concentration are constant over the range of frequency of the sensor. The modulation of the frequency response is based on the interactions between the material under test and multiple sensors. The concept is based on observing the responses of the sensors over a frequency wideband as vectors of many dimensions. The dimensions are then considered as the features for a neural network. With small datasets, the neural networks can produce highly accurate and generalized models. The concept is demonstrated by designing a microwave sensing system based on a two-port microstrip line exciting three-identical planar resonators. For experimental validation, the sensor is used to detect the concentration of a fluid material composed of two pure fluids. Very high accuracy is achieved.
31
Raskina, Valentina, e Filip Křížek. "Characterization of Highly Irradiated ALPIDE Silicon Sensors". Universe 5, n. 4 (14 aprile 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5040091.
Abstract (sommario):
The ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) experiment at CERN will upgrade its Inner Tracking System (ITS) detector. The new ITS will consist of seven coaxial cylindrical layers of ALPIDE silicon sensors which are based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) technology. We have studied the radiation hardness of ALPIDE sensors using a 30 MeV proton beam provided by the cyclotron U-120M of the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Řež. In this paper, these long-term measurements will be described. After being irradiated up to the total ionization dose 2.7 Mrad and non-ionizing energy loss 2.7 × 10 13 1 MeV n eq · cm - 2 , ALPIDE sensors fulfill ITS upgrade project technical design requirements in terms of detection efficiency and fake-hit rate.
32
Deng, Xiao, Shengbo Sang, Pengwei Li, Gang Li, Fanqin Gao, Yongjiao Sun, Wendong Zhang e Jie Hu. "Preparation, Characterization, and Mechanistic Understanding of Pd-Decorated ZnO Nanowires for Ethanol Sensing". Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/297676.
Abstract (sommario):
ZnO nanowires (ZnO-NWs) and Pd-decorated ZnO nanowires (Pd-ZnO-NWs) were prepared by hydrothermal growth and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When used for gas sensing, both types of nanowires showed a good selectivity to ethanol but a higher sensitivity and lower operating temperature were found with Pd-ZnO-NWs sensors comparing to those of ZnO-NWs sensor. When exposed to 200 ppm ethanol, our ZnO-NWs sensor showed a sensitivity of about 2.69 at 425°C whereas 1.3 at. % Pd-ZnO-NWs sensor provided a 57% more detection sensibility at 325°C. In addition, both response and recovery times of Pd-ZnO-NWs sensors were significantly reduced (9 s) comparing to the ZnO-NWs. Finally, Pd-ZnO-NWs sensor also showed a much lower detection limit of about 1 ppm. The sensing mechanism of Pd-ZnO-NWs sensors has also been clarified, thereby providing a new perspective for further improvement of the sensing performance of ethanol sensors.
33
Hong, Jing Chao, e Gu Qin. "Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Enzyme-Free Glucose Sensors". Key Engineering Materials 730 (febbraio 2017): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.172.
Abstract (sommario):
With the continuous development of science and technology, the function of the electrochemical biosensor is becoming more and more diversified. The fourth generation of enzyme-free glucose sensor because of its particular advantages has become one of research focuses in glucose sensor now. For all sorts of optimization also are not enzyme glucose as the new material was born has made great progress. Enzyme-free glucose sensors are becoming more and more an integral part of electrochemical research. This article summarizes the characteristics of all kinds of conventional materials of enzyme-free glucose sensor, the domestic and foreign general preparation methods of enzyme-free glucose sensors, the specific characterization of the electrode, its application fields, and prospects for future development.
34
Tiboni, Monica, Azzurra Filippini, Cinzia Amici e David Vetturi. "Test-Bench for the Characterization of Flexion Sensors Used in Biomechanics". Electronics 10, n. 23 (1 dicembre 2021): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232994.
Abstract (sommario):
The design, prototyping and validation of an innovative test bench for the characterization and the hysteresis measurement of flexion sensors are presented in this paper. The device, especially designed to test sensors employed in the biomedical field, can be effectively used to characterize also sensors intended for other applications, such as wearable devices. Flexion sensors are widely adopted in devices for biomedical purposes and in this context are commonly used in two main ways: to measure movements (i) with fixed radius of curvature and (ii) with variable radius of curvature. The test bench has been conceived and designed with reference to both of these needs of use. The technological choices have been oriented towards simplicity of manufacture and assembly, configuration flexibility and low cost of realization. For this purpose, 3D printing technology was chosen for most of the structural components of the device. To verify the test bench performances, a test campaign was carried out on five commercial bending sensors. To characterize each sensor, the acquired measurements were analysed by assessing repeatability and linearity of the sensors and hysteresis of the system sensor/test bench. A statistical analysis was performed to study the positioning repeatability and the hysteresis of the device. The results demonstrate good repeatability and low hysteresis.
35
Xu, Chen-Yan, Kang-Ping Ning, Zheng Wang, Yao Yao, Qin Xu e Xiao-Ya Hu. "Flexible Electrochemical Platform Coupled with In Situ Prepared Synthetic Receptors for Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A". Biosensors 12, n. 12 (25 novembre 2022): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121076.
Abstract (sommario):
A flexible electrochemical sensor based on the carbon felt (CF) functionalized with Bisphenol A (BPA) synthetic receptors was developed. The artificial Bisphenol A receptors were grafted on the CF by a simple thermal polymerization molecular imprinting process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical characterizations were used to analyze the receptors. Characterization results demonstrated that the Bisphenol A synthetic receptors successfully formed on the CFs surface. Because the synthetic receptor and the porous CFs were successfully combined, the sensor displayed a better current response once Bisphenol A was identified. The sensor’s linear range was determined to be from 0.5 to 8.0 nM and 10.0 to 300.0 nM, with a detection limit of 0.36 nM. Even after being bent and stretched repeatedly, the electrode’s performance was unaffected, demonstrating the robustness, adaptability and viability of installing the sensor on flat or curved surfaces for on-site detection. The designed electrochemical sensor has been used successfully to identify Bisphenol A in milk samples with satisfactory results. This work provided a promising platform for the design of implantable, portable and miniaturized sensors.
36
Romano, Chiara, Daniela Lo Presti, Sergio Silvestri, Emiliano Schena e Carlo Massaroni. "Flexible Textile Sensors-Based Smart T-Shirt for Respiratory Monitoring: Design, Development, and Preliminary Validation". Sensors 24, n. 6 (21 marzo 2024): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24062018.
Abstract (sommario):
Respiratory rate (fR) monitoring through wearable devices is crucial in several scenarios, providing insights into well-being and sports performance while minimizing interference with daily activities. Strain sensors embedded into garments stand out but require thorough investigation for optimal deployment. Optimal sensor positioning is often overlooked, and when addressed, the quality of the respiratory signal is neglected. Additionally, sensor metrological characterization after sensor integration is often omitted. In this study, we present the design, development, and feasibility assessment of a smart t-shirt embedded with two flexible sensors for fR monitoring. Guided by a motion capture system, optimal sensor design and position on the chest wall were defined, considering both signal magnitude and quality. The sensors were developed, embedded into the wearable system, and metrologically characterized, demonstrating a remarkable response to both static (sensitivity 9.4 Ω⋅%−1 and 9.1 Ω⋅%−1 for sensor A and sensor B, respectively) and cyclic loads (min. hysteresis span 20.4% at 36 bpm obtained for sensor A). The feasibility of the wearable system was assessed on healthy volunteers both under static and dynamic conditions (such as running, walking, and climbing stairs). A mean absolute error of 0.32 bpm was obtained by averaging all subjects and tests using the combination of the two sensors. This value was lower than that obtained using both sensor A (0.53 bpm) and sensor B (0.78 bpm) individually. Our study highlights the importance of signal amplitude and quality in optimal sensor placement evaluation, as well as the characterization of the embedded sensors for metrological assessment.
37
Jofrehei, A., M. Backhaus, P. Baertschi, F. Canelli, F. Glessgen, W. Jin, B. Kilminster et al. "Characterization of irradiated RD53A pixel modules with passive CMOS sensors". Journal of Instrumentation 17, n. 09 (1 settembre 2022): C09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/09/c09004.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract We are investigating the feasibility of using CMOS foundries to fabricate silicon detectors, both for pixels and for large-area strip sensors. The availability of multi-layer routing will provide the freedom to optimize the sensor geometry and the performance, with biasing structures in poly-silicon layers and MIM-capacitors allowing for AC coupling. A prototyping production of strip test-structures and RD53A compatible pixel sensors was recently completed at LFoundry in a 150 nm CMOS process. This paper will focus on the characterization of irradiated and non-irradiated pixel modules, composed by a CMOS passive sensor interconnected to a RD53A chip. The sensors are designed with a pixel cell of 25 × 100 μm2 in case of DC coupled devices and 50 × 50 μm2 for the AC coupled ones. Their performance in terms of charge collection, position resolution, and hit efficiency was studied with measurements performed in the laboratory and with beam tests. The RD53A modules with LFoundry silicon sensors were irradiated to fluences up to 1.0 × 1 0 16 n eq c m 2 .
38
Meyne, Nora, e Arne F. Jacob. "Sectorial substrate-integrated half-mode near-field sensors for biological liquid characterization". International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 6, n. 3-4 (1 aprile 2014): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000385.
Abstract (sommario):
Two compact resonant near-field sensors are introduced for the characterization of aqueous solutions at 5 GHz. They are based on folded substrate-integrate circular half-mode resonators with a planar sensing tip. Owing to the planar design, the sensor is simple and cheap to manufacture, and a sample can be easily coupled to the resonator from the top. The operating principle of the sensor is explained and verified by both simulation and measurement. The radiation of the sensors is quantified by means of a quality factor analysis. Finally, a previously introduced calibration method based on the perturbation theory is applied to the sensors and its accuracy is improved by choosing more suitable reference materials.
39
Viebrock, Kevin, Dominik Rabl, Sven Meinen, Paul Wunder, Jan-Angelus Meyer, Lasse Jannis Frey, Detlev Rasch, Andreas Dietzel, Torsten Mayr e Rainer Krull. "Microsensor in Microbioreactors: Full Bioprocess Characterization in a Novel Capillary-Wave Microbioreactor". Biosensors 12, n. 7 (11 luglio 2022): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12070512.
Abstract (sommario):
Microbioreactors (MBRs) with a volume below 1 mL are promising alternatives to established cultivation platforms such as shake flasks, lab-scale bioreactors and microtiter plates. Their main advantages are simple automatization and parallelization and the saving of expensive media components and test substances. These advantages are particularly pronounced in small-scale MBRs with a volume below 10 µL. However, most described small-scale MBRs are lacking in process information from integrated sensors due to limited space and sensor technology. Therefore, a novel capillary-wave microbioreactor (cwMBR) with a volume of only 7 µL has the potential to close this gap, as it combines a small volume with integrated sensors for biomass, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and glucose concentration. In the cwMBR, pH and DO are measured by established luminescent optical sensors on the bottom of the cwMBR. The novel glucose sensor is based on a modified oxygen sensor, which measures the oxygen uptake of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the presence of glucose up to a concentration of 15 mM. Furthermore, absorbance measurement allows biomass determination. The optical sensors enabled the characterization of an Escherichia coli batch cultivation over 8 h in the cwMBR as proof of concept for further bioprocesses. Hence, the cwMBR with integrated optical sensors has the potential for a wide range of microscale bioprocesses, including cell-based assays, screening applications and process development.
40
Mulargia, R., R. Arcidiacono, G. Borghi, M. Boscardin, N. Cartiglia, M. Centis Vignalis, M. Costa et al. "Characterization of thin carbonated LGADs after irradiation up to 2.5· 1015 n1 Mev eq./cm2". Journal of Instrumentation 19, n. 04 (1 aprile 2024): C04022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04022.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract EXFLU1 is a new batch of radiation-resistant silicon sensors manufactured at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK, Italy). The EXFLU1 sensors utilize thin substrates that remain operable even after extensive irradiation. They incorporate Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology, enabling internal multiplication of charge carriers to boost the small signal produced by a particle crossing their thin active thicknesses, ranging from 15 to 45 μ m. To address current challenges related to acceptor removal, the EXFLU1 production incorporates improved defect engineering techniques. This includes the so called carbonated LGADs, where carbon doping is implanted alongside boron in the gain layer. This contribution focuses on evaluating the performances of thin sensors with carbonated gain layer from the EXFLU1 production, before and after irradiation up to 2.5· 1015 n1 Mev eq./cm2. The conducted tests involve static and transient characterizations, including I-V and C-V measurements, as well as laser and β-source tests. This work aims to present the state of the art in LGAD sensor technology with a carbonated gain layer and shows the characterization of the most radiation-resistant LGAD sensors produced to date.
41
Smith, Austin, SM Mahdi Mofidian e Hamzeh Bardaweel. "Three-dimensional printed embedded channel–based resistive strain sensor: Fabrication and experimental characterization". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, n. 10 (19 marzo 2019): 1518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19835961.
Abstract (sommario):
This work explores the feasibility of commercially available elastic filament and desktop fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printing as a simple and cost-effective route to develop flexible sensors. The fabricated sensor consists of a three-dimensional printed flexible substrate with embedded U-shaped channels that are filled with Galinstan (Ga 68.5% In 21.5% Sn 10%) liquid metal conductor. When the sensor is strained, the cross-sectional area of the channels decreases causing a reduction in the conducting area and, therefore, a change in resistance. First, sensors measuring approximately 2100 μm by 200 μm are fabricated. Results demonstrate gauge factors of approximately 2.1 at 38.8% strain with high linearity and little hysteresis. In addition, smaller strain sensors, measuring approximately 696 µm by 203 µm, are fabricated with gauge factors of nearly 1.0 at 13.2% strain. Results show that substrate relaxation plays an essential role in determining the functionality of these sensors. The Mullins effect largely influences the recovery properties of the rubber-like sensor substrate. This leads to a noticeable relaxation in the substrate during cyclic loading. The results demonstrate the potential of commercially available fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printing technology and filaments to produce complex designs and sensor platforms.
42
Lahlalia, Ayoub, Olivier Le Neel, Ravi Shankar, Siegfried Selberherr e Lado Filipovic. "Enhanced Sensing Performance of Integrated Gas Sensor Devices". Proceedings 2, n. 13 (7 dicembre 2018): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131508.
Abstract (sommario):
Semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors, dedicated to wearable devices were designed, fabricated, and characterized in terms of power consumption, thermal distribution, and sensing capability. The sensors demonstrate a sensitivity down to ppb-level VOC concentrations at a low power consumption of 10.5 mW. To further enhance the baseline stability and sensing response characteristics at low power consumption, a new sensor structure is proposed. The design implements novel aspects in terms of fabrication and microheater geometry, leading to improved sensor performance which enables new applications for SMO gas sensors. In this work, two designs were analyzed using experimental characterization and simulation. The results of the analyses of the two sensors are comparatively reported.
43
Faridah, F., Sentagi Utami, Ressy Yanti, S. Sunarno, Emilya Nurjani e Rony Wijaya. "Optimal thermal sensors placement based on indoor thermal environment characterization by using CFD model". Journal of Applied Engineering Science 19, n. 3 (2021): 628–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-28985.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper discusses an analysis to obtain the optimal thermal sensor placement based on indoor thermal characteristics. The method relies on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation by manipulating the outdoor climate and indoor air conditioning (AC) system. First, the alternative sensor's position is considered the optimum installation and the occupant's safety. Utilizing the Standardized Euclidean Distance (SED) analysis, these positions are then selected for the best position using the distribution of the thermal parameters' values data at the activity zones. Onsite measurement validated the CFD model results with the maximum root means square error, RMSE, between both data sets as 0.8°C for temperature, the relative humidity of 3.5%, and an air velocity of 0.08m/s, due to the significant effect of the building location. The Standardized Euclidean Distance (SED) analysis results are the optimum sensor positions that accurately, consistently, and have the optimum % coverage representing the thermal condition at 1,1m floor level. At the optimal positions, actual sensors are installed and proven to be valid results since sensors could detect thermal variables at the height of 1.1m with SED validation values of 2.5±0.3, 2.2±0.6, 2.0±1.1, for R15, R33, and R40, respectively.
44
Narumi, Keisuke, Toshio Fukuda e Fumihito Arai. "Design and Characterization of Load Sensor with AT-Cut QCR for Miniaturization and Resolution Improvement". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 22, n. 3 (20 giugno 2010): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2010.p0286.
Abstract (sommario):
The compact load sensor we developed uses an AT-cut quartz crystal resonator whose resonance frequency changes under external load, featuring high sensitivity, high-speed response, and a wide measurement range – plus superior temperature and frequency stability. The vulnerability of previous quartz crystal resonators to stress concentration in bending prevented them from being more widely applied to load measurement. The sensor we developed maintains the quartz crystal resonator safely. Our objective here is to improve load measurement resolution and to miniaturize the sensor, which we did designing novel retention of the quartz crystal resonator fixed vertical to applied load. The new load sensor’s resolution is 3.21 mN –seven times better than conventional load sensors.
45
Tseng, Tseung Yuen. "ZnO Nanostructures for Sensor Applications". Solid State Phenomena 185 (febbraio 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.185.1.
Abstract (sommario):
The wide-gap semiconductor ZnO with nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires has high potential for a variety of sensor applications. This paper reviews the recent developments of ZnO one dimentional nanostructures for future gas sensor applications. Presented first is the factors contributing to the high performances of gas sensors using such nanostructures. Then various fabrication methods of the ZnO nanostructures including vapor phase growth, solution growth, and template-assisted growth are introduced. The characterization and properties of the ZnO nanostructures-based gas sensors are described. The basic mechanisms for explaining the behaviors of the gas sensors are also discussed.
46
Siv, Julie, Rafael Mayer, Guillaume Beaugrand, Guillaume Tison, Rémy Juvénal e Guillaume Dovillaire. "Testing and characterization of challenging optics and optical systems with Shack Hartmann wavefront sensors". EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921506003.
Abstract (sommario):
The Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor is a common metrology tool in the field of laser, adaptive optics and astronomy. However, this technique is still scarcely used in optics and optical system metrology. With the development of manufacturing techniques and the increasing need for optical characterization in the industry, the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor emerges as an efficient complementary tool to the well-established Fizeau interferometry for optical system metrology. Moreover, the raise of smart vehicles equipped with optical sensors and augmented reality, the optical characterization of glass and transparent flat materials becomes an issue that can be addressed with Shack-Hartmann sensors. Aberration measurements of challenging optics will be presented such as optical filters, thin flat optics, aspheric lenses and large optical assemblies.
47
Liu, Mingran, Yang Liu e Limin Zhou. "Novel Flexible PVDF-TrFE and PVDF-TrFE/ZnO Pressure Sensor: Fabrication, Characterization and Investigation". Micromachines 12, n. 6 (23 maggio 2021): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060602.
Abstract (sommario):
With the development of human healthcare devices, smart sensors, e-skins, and pressure sensors with outstanding sensitivity, flexibility, durability and biocompatibility have attracted more and more attention. In this paper, to develop a novel flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity, different poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE)-based composite membranes were fabricated, characterized and tested. To improve the β-phase crystallinity and piezoelectricity of the membranes, and for the purpose of comparison, nano ZnO particles with different concentrations (99:1, 9:1 in a weight ratio of PVDF-TrFE to ZnO) were, respectively added into PVDF-TrFE polymer acting as a nucleating agent and dielectric material. To facilitate the formation of β-phase crystal, the membranes were fabricated by electrospinning method. After the electrospinning, an annealing process was conducted to the fabricated membranes to increase the size and content of β-phase crystal. Then, the fabricated PVDF-TrFE membranes, acting as the core sensing layer, were, respectively built into multiple prototype sensors in a sandwich structure. The sensitivity of the prototype sensors was tested by an auto-clicker. The stimulation of the auto-clicker on the prototype sensors generated electrical signals, and the electrical signals were collected by a self-built testing platform powered by LabVIEW. As a result, combining the addition of ZnO nanofillers and the annealing process, a highly sensitive pressure sensor was fabricated. The optimal peak-to-peak voltage response generated from the prototype sensor was 1.788 V which shows a 75% increase compared to that of the pristine PVDF-TrFE sensor. Furthermore, a human pulse waveform was captured by a prototype sensor which exhibits tremendous prospects for application in healthcare devices.
48
Byun, Sangjin. "Categorization and Characterization of Time Domain CMOS Temperature Sensors". Sensors 20, n. 22 (23 novembre 2020): 6700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226700.
Abstract (sommario):
Time domain complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) temperature sensors estimate the temperature of a sensory device by measuring the frequency, period and/or delay time instead of the voltage and/or current signals that have been traditionally measured for a long time. In this paper, the time domain CMOS temperature sensors are categorized into twelve types by using the temperature estimation function which is newly defined as the ratio of two measured time domain signals. The categorized time domain CMOS temperature sensors, which have been published in literature, show different characteristics respectively in terms of temperature conversion rate, die area, process variation compensation, temperature error, power supply voltage sensitivity and so on. Based on their characteristics, we can choose the most appropriate one from twelve types to satisfy a given specification.
49
Landi, Elia, Andrea Prato, Ada Fort, Marco Mugnaini, Valerio Vignoli, Alessio Facello, Fabrizio Mazzoleni, Michele Murgia e Alessandro Schiavi. "Highly Reliable Multicomponent MEMS Sensor for Predictive Maintenance Management of Rolling Bearings". Micromachines 14, n. 2 (2 febbraio 2023): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020376.
Abstract (sommario):
In the field of vibration monitoring and control, the use of low-cost multicomponent MEMS-based accelerometer sensors is nowadays increasingly widespread. Such sensors allow implementing lightweight monitoring systems with low management costs, low power consumption and a small size. However, for the monitoring systems to provide trustworthy and meaningful data, the high accuracy and reliability of sensors are essential requirements. Consequently, a metrological approach to the calibration of multi-component accelerometer sensors, including appropriate uncertainty evaluations, are necessary to guarantee traceability and reliability in the frequency domain of data provided, which nowadays is not fully available. In addition, recently developed metrological characterizations at the microscale level allow to provide detailed and accurate quantification of the enhanced technical performance and the responsiveness of these sensors. In this paper, a dynamic calibration procedure is applied to provide the sensitivity parameters of a low-cost, multicomponent MEMS sensor accelerometer prototype (MDUT), designed, developed and realized at the University of Siena, conceived for rolling bearings vibration monitoring in a broad frequency domain (from 10 Hz up to 25 kHz). The calibration and the metrological characterization of the MDUT are carried out by comparison to a reference standard transducer, at the Primary Vibration Laboratory of the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM).
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Larrey, Vincent, Arthur Arribehaute, Brendon Caulfield, Pablo Acosta Alba, Christophe Morales, Paul Noël, Mathieu Opprecht, Frank Fournel, Didier Landru e Francois Rieutord. "Nanosecond Laser Irradiation for Interface Bonding Characterization". ECS Transactions 112, n. 3 (29 settembre 2023): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11203.0039ecst.
Abstract (sommario):
In this study, we propose a novel method to quantify the interfacial water trapped at the direct bonding interface. The concept is to intentionally create bonding defects with controlled size and shape, and use them as sensors for the gases generated through the oxidation of a material (in our case, Silicon) by water adsorbed on the surfaces prior to bonding. The evolution of the sensor sizes provides valuable insights into the amount of gas they have trapped, allowing us to analyze the imbibition effect. Analyzing sensors arrays also enables us to quantify the amount of water that was initially present at the bonding interface. Moreover, it opens up the possibility of proposing a novel bonding energy measurement method.