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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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1

Riccardi, C., R. Barni, F. De Colle e M. Fontanesi. "Characterization of electronegative plasmas". Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 50, S3 (marzo 2000): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03165925.

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2

Shufflebotham, P. K., e D. J. Thomson. "Stability and spatial characterization of electron cyclotron resonance processing plasmas". Canadian Journal of Physics 69, n. 3-4 (1 marzo 1991): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-032.

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This paper presents preliminary measurements of the spatial variation of the plasma density, electron temperature, plasma potential, and floating voltage within a divergent magnetic field electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma processing reactor. The measurements are performed using an orbital-motion-limited cylindrical Langmuir probe designed specifically for use in these plasmas. A brief discussion of the stability and uniformity of divergent field plasmas in general, and qualitative techniques for the diagnosis of these properties, is also given. It was found that these plasmas generally occurred in distinct "modes," characterized by unique shapes and dependences on system variables, and between which discontinuous, noisy, and often bistable transitions occurred. Axially resolved probe measurements performed under ECR conditions showed that the plasma density exhibited a broadly peaked profile, while the electron temperature showed a sharp peak at ECR. The differences in these profiles leads to three qualitatively different plasma regions available for use in ECR processing. The variation of the plasma potential explains the origin of the axial ion beams that commonly occur in these systems.

3

Cao, L. F., I. Uschmann, F. Zamponi, T. Kämpfer, A. Fuhrmann, E. Förster, A. Höll et al. "Space-time characterization of laser plasma interactions in the warm dense matter regime". Laser and Particle Beams 25, n. 2 (giugno 2007): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034607000067.

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Laser plasma interaction experiments have been performed using an fs Titanium Sapphire laser. Plasmas have been generated from planar PMMA targets using single laser pulses with 3.3 mJ pulse energy, 50 fs pulse duration at 800 nm wavelength. The electron density distributions of the plasmas in different delay times have been characterized by means of Nomarski Interferometry. Experimental data were compared with hydrodynamic simulation. First results to characterize the plasma density and temperature as a function of space and time are obtained. This work aims to generate plasmas in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime at near solid-density in an ultra-fast laser target interaction process. Plasmas under these conditions can serve as targets to develop X-ray Thomson scattering as a plasma diagnostic tool, e.g., using the Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) free-electron laser (FLASH) at Dentsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Hamburg.

4

Otorbaev, D. K. ""Simple" diagnostics for characterization of low-pressure chemically active plasmas". Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2002): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274030453.

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In the current paper, the "simple" diagnostics for characterization of nonequilibrium chemically active plasmas are discussed. As to experimental methods, "simple" noninvasive spectroscopic methods of ionizing and recombining plasma characterization have been emphasized. The word "simple" in the title is presented in quotes, which means that the methods are assumed to be simple only conditionally. In order to be sure that the measurements indeed provide correct information on the plasma parameters, a detailed understanding of kinetics of each particular plasma source is required. Moreover, the validity of spectroscopic methods should be checked by independent diagnostic techniques.

5

Amoruso, S., R. Bruzzese, N. Spinelli e R. Velotta. "Characterization of laser-ablation plasmas". Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 32, n. 14 (20 luglio 1999): R131—R172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/32/14/201.

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6

Nordheden, Karen J., e Joanne F. Sia. "Characterization of BCl3/N2 plasmas". Journal of Applied Physics 94, n. 4 (15 agosto 2003): 2199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1591075.

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7

Wu, Chi-Chin, Kelsea K. Miller, Scott D. Walck e Michelle Pantoya. "Material Characterization of Plasma-Treated Aluminum Particles via Different Gases". MRS Advances 4, n. 27 (2019): 1589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.159.

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ABSTRACTThis work describes exploration of mitigating the parasitic amorphous alumina (Al2O3) shell of aluminum nanoparticles (n-Al) and modifying the surface using different plasmas, leading to n-Al with thinner shell and different coatings including carbons and oxidizing salt called aluminum iodate hexahydrate (AIH), respectively. The approach exploits a prototype atmospheric non-thermal plasma reactor with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configuration for nanoparticle surface modifications using n-Al of 80 nm average diameter as an example. Preliminary results indicate that the amorphous Al2O3 shell surrounding the active aluminum core can be mitigated with inert plasmas by as much as 40% using either helium (He) or argon (Ar). The particle surface becomes carbon-rich with carbon monoxide (CO) / He plasmas. By immersing the plasma-treated n-Al in an iodic acid (HIO3) solution, AIH crystals can be formed on the n-Al surface. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used as a major tool to study the details of the modified surface morphologies, diffraction patterns, and chemical composition of the modified n-Al. The results demonstrate effective surface passivation of n-Al via atmospheric plasma techniques.

8

RENNER, O., I. USCHMANN e E. FÖRSTER. "Diagnostic potential of advanced X-ray spectroscopy for investigation of hot dense plasmas". Laser and Particle Beams 22, n. 1 (marzo 2004): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460422105x.

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Modern experimental methods and instruments for X-ray spectral investigation of hot dense plasma provide complex information on environmental conditions in extreme states of matter. The basic spectroscopic conceptions for K-shell plasma diagnosis are outlined, the main characteristics of toroidally bent crystal spectrometers and vertical-dispersion instruments are briefly reviewed. Selected applications (monitoring and optimization of the emission from the femtosecond-laser-produced plasmas, characterization of colliding laser-exploded foils, spectral line merging, and continuum lowering in constrained-flow plasmas) demonstrate the usefulness of advanced spectroscopic methods for plasma diagnostics and fundamental research.

9

Batha, S. H., R. J. Procassini, B. A. Hammel, T. D. Shepard, R. P. Drake, K. S. Bradley, Kent Estabrook et al. "Characterization of titanium laser‐produced plasmas". Physics of Plasmas 2, n. 10 (ottobre 1995): 3792–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871079.

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10

Manos, D. M. "Characterization of laboratory plasmas with probes". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 3, n. 3 (maggio 1985): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.573118.

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11

Huang, Chun, Yan-Ren Wang, Wei-Chun Ma e Ching-Yuan Tsai. "Glow Characterization of Octafluorocyclobutane RF Plasmas". IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 42, n. 10 (ottobre 2014): 2566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2323405.

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12

Naselli, Eugenia, David Mascali, Claudia Caliri, Giuseppe Castro, Luigi Celona, Alessio Galatá, Santo Gammino et al. "Nuclear β-decays in plasmas: how to correlate plasma density and temperature to the activity". EPJ Web of Conferences 227 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022702006.

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Magnetized plasmas in compact traps may become experimental en-vironments for the investigation of nuclear beta-decays of astrophysical inter-est. In the framework of the project PANDORA (Plasmas for Astrophysics, Nuclear Decays Observation and Radiation for Archaeometry) the research ac-tivities are devoted to demonstrate the feasibility of an experiment aiming atmeasuring lifetimes of radionuclides of astrophysical interest when changing the charge state distribution of the in-plasma ions and the other plasma param- eters such as density and temperature. This contribution describes the multidi-agnostics setup now available at INFN-LNS, which allows unprecedented in-vestigations of magnetoplasmas properties in terms of density, temperature and charge state distribution (CSD). The setup includes an interfero-polarimeter for total plasma density measurement, a multi-X-ray detectors system for X-ray spectroscopy (including time resolved spectroscopy), an X-ray pin-hole camera for high-resolution 2D space resolved spectroscopy, a two-pin plasma-chamber immersed antenna for the detection of plasma radio-self-emission, and differ- ent spectrometers for the plasma-emitted visible light characterization. The setup is also suitable for other studies of astrophysical interest, such as turbulent plasma regimes dominated by the so-called Cyclotron Maser Instability, which is a typical kinetic turbulence occurring in astrophysical objects like magnetized stars, brown dwarfs, etc. A description of recent results about plasma parame- ters characterization in quiescent and turbulent Electron Cyclotron Resonance-heated plasmas will be given.

13

Doggett, Brendan, e James G. Lunney. "Langmuir probe characterization of laser ablation plasmas". Journal of Applied Physics 105, n. 3 (febbraio 2009): 033306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3056131.

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14

Belkind, A., A. Freilich, J. Lopez, Z. Zhao, W. Zhu e K. Becker. "Characterization of pulsed dc magnetron sputtering plasmas". New Journal of Physics 7 (6 aprile 2005): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/090.

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15

Outten, C. A., J. C. Barbour e W. R. Wampler. "Characterization of electron cyclotron resonance hydrogen plasmas". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 9, n. 3 (maggio 1991): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.577350.

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16

Mozetic, Miran. "Characterization of reactive plasmas with catalytic probes". Surface and Coatings Technology 201, n. 9-11 (febbraio 2007): 4837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.031.

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17

Schabel, M., T. Peterson, J. Sinclair e D. Lynch. "Characterization of trapped particles in rf plasmas". Journal of Applied Physics 86, n. 4 (15 agosto 1999): 1834–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370976.

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18

Fanara, C., e L. Vilarinho. "Electrical characterization of atmospheric pressure arc plasmas". European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 28, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2004): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2003-00301-8.

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19

Gizzi, L. A., D. Giulietti, A. Giulietti, T. Afshar-Rad, V. Biancalana, P. Chessa, C. Danson, E. Schifano, S. M. Viana e O. Willi. "Characterization of laser plasmas for interaction studies". Physical Review E 49, n. 6 (1 giugno 1994): 5628–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.49.5628.

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20

Landen, O. L., E. M. Campbell e M. D. Perry. "X-ray characterization of picosecond laser plasmas". Optics Communications 63, n. 4 (agosto 1987): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(87)90350-6.

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21

Shepherd, R., D. Price, W. White, S. Gordan, Al Osterheld, R. Walling, W. Goldstein e R. Stewart. "Characterization of short pulse laser-produced plasmas". Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 51, n. 1-2 (gennaio 1994): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(94)90098-1.

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22

Tessier, Yves, J. E. Klemberg-Sapieha, S. Poulin-Dandurand, M. R. Wertheimer e S. Gujrathi. "Silicon nitride from microwave plasma: fabrication and characterization". Canadian Journal of Physics 65, n. 8 (1 agosto 1987): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p87-132.

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Abstract (sommario):

Plasma silicon nitride (P-SiN) films were prepared from SiH4–NH3 mixtures and from ternary mixtures with Ar or N2 in a large-volume microwave plasma apparatus, at substrate temperatures Ts ranging from ambient to 250 °C. Under otherwise nominally identical fabrication conditions, deposition rates were 10 to 25 times greater than those reported by others for radio-or audio-frequency plasmas. Based on film compositions determined by elastic recoil detection, and measurements of such properties as density, refractive index, etch rate in dilute HF, and the moisture permeation coefficient, our best P-SiN films (produced at Ts ≥ 200 °C) were very similar to those reported in the literature.

23

Sagisaka, Akito, Hiroyuki Daido, Alexander S. Pirozhkov, Koichi Ogura, Satoshi Orimo, Michiaki Mori, Mamiko Nishiuchi et al. "Characterization of Thin-Foil Preformed Plasmas for High-Intensity Laser Plasma Interactions". Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics 26, n. 3-4 (1 novembre 2006): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aph.26.2006.3-4.13.

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24

Naz, M. Y., S. Shukrullah, A. Ghaffar e N. U. Rehman. "Development of Simple Designs of Multitip Probe Diagnostic Systems for RF Plasma Characterization". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/279868.

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Multitip probes are very useful diagnostics for analyzing and controlling the physical phenomena occurring in low temperature discharge plasmas. However, DC biased probes often fail to perform well in processing plasmas. The objective of the work was to deduce simple designs of DC biased multitip probes for parametric study of radio frequency plasmas. For this purpose, symmetric double probe, asymmetric double probe, and symmetric triple probe diagnostic systems and their driving circuits were designed and tested in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) generated by a 13.56 MHz radio frequency (RF) source. UsingI-Vcharacteristics of these probes, electron temperature, electron number density, and ion saturation current was measured as a function of input power and filling gas pressure. An increasing trend was noticed in electron temperature and electron number density for increasing input RF power whilst a decreasing trend was evident in these parameters when measured against filling gas pressure. In addition, the electron energy probability function (EEPF) was also studied by using an asymmetric double probe. These studies confirmed the non-Maxwellian nature of the EEPF and the presence of two groups of the energetic electrons at low filling gas pressures.

25

Allen, G. Mark, e David M. Coleman. "Characterization of a Dual Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Source". Applied Spectroscopy 41, n. 3 (marzo 1987): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874449039.

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A dual inductively copuled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic system is described. This new analytical discharge segregates the normally integrated processes of sampling and spectral excitation associated with atomic emission sources. A low-power, low-argon-flow, radio-frequency plasma is used as a sampling device to create gaseous species from liquid and solid samples which are subsequently transported to a second plasma for excitation. Design and construction of instrumentation and associated operational parameters are reviewed. Comparisons of the sampling and the excitation plasmas include spatial emission profiles, linear calibration plots, signal-to-background ratios, and analytical detection limits. Use of the dual ICP for direct analysis of particulates (coal fly ash and firebrick) is demonstrated.

26

Heberlein, Joachim. "New approaches in thermal plasma technology". Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2002): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274030327.

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Thermal plasmas offer unique advantages for materials processing, such as high fluxes of heat and of reactant species. Recent developments have concentrated on improving control of these fluxes across the boundaries surrounding the thermal plasma. Secondary discharges (hybrid plasma generators) and pulse modulation of the plasma have been some of the approaches for this end. The use of such methods is described for selected applications. Plasma characterization through advanced models and diagnostics are concentrating on description of plasma instabilities and various nonequilibrium conditions. Understanding of these effects will allow their use for enhanced processing methods.

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Kim, Vyacheslav V., Jelena Butikova, Jurgis Grube, Anatolijs Sarakovskis e Rashid A. Ganeev. "Plasma Dynamics Characterization for Improvement of Resonantly Enhanced Harmonics Generation in Indium and Tin Laser-Produced Plasmas". Photonics 9, n. 9 (24 agosto 2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9090600.

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In this study, we characterize the properties of indium and tin laser-induced plasmas responsible for efficient high-order harmonics generation of the ultrashort pulses propagating through these media. The optimally formed plasma was determined using the analysis of the time-resolved variations in the spectral and morphological features of spreading indium and tin plasma components under different regimes of laser ablation. We report the measurements of plasma velocities under different regimes of ablation and correlate them with the optimal delay between the heating and probe laser pulses for the generation of harmonics with the highest yield. Electron temperatures and densities are determined using the integrated and time-resolved spectral measurements of plasmas. The resonance-enhanced harmonics are compared with other harmonics from the point of view of the modulation of plasma characteristics. The harmonics of 800 and 1200–2200 nm lasers and their second-harmonic fields were analyzed at optimal conditions of Sn and In plasma formation. The novelty of this work is the implementation of the diagnostics of the dynamics of plasma characteristics for the determination of the optimal plasma formation for harmonics generation. Such an approach allows for the demonstration of the maximal harmonic yield from the studied plasma and the definition of the various resonance-induced harmonic generation conditions.

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Gortschakow, Sergey, Steffen Franke, Ralf Methling, Diego Gonzalez, Dirk Uhrlandt, Sergey Popov e Alexander Batrakov. "Advanced Optical Diagnostics for Characterization of Arc Plasmas". IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 49, n. 9 (settembre 2021): 2505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2021.3096289.

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Nunomura, S., e M. Kondo. "Characterization of high-pressure capacitively coupled hydrogen plasmas". Journal of Applied Physics 102, n. 9 (novembre 2007): 093306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2809345.

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Nantel, M., A. Klisnick, G. Jamelot, P. B. Holden, B. Rus, A. Carillon, P. Jaeglé et al. "Spectroscopic characterization of prepulsed x-ray laser plasmas". Physical Review E 54, n. 3 (1 settembre 1996): 2852–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.2852.

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Franz, Gerhard, Florian Rauter e Stanislav F. Dribinskiy. "Characterization of microwave plasmas for deposition of polyparylene". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 27, n. 4 (luglio 2009): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.3148825.

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Gizzi, L. A., D. Giulietti, A. Giulietti, T. Afshar-Rad, V. Biancalana, P. Chessa, C. Danson, E. Schifano, S. M. Viana e O. Willi. "Erratum: Characterization of laser plasmas for interaction studies". Physical Review E 50, n. 5 (1 novembre 1994): 4266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.50.4266.

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Kuritka, Ivo, Pavel Broza, Jiri Prycek e Frantisek Schauer. "Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Methylphenylsilane-Hydrogen RF Plasmas". Plasma Processes and Polymers 4, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2007): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200600063.

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Riconda, C., e S. Weber. "Plasma optics: A perspective for high-power coherent light generation and manipulation". Matter and Radiation at Extremes 8, n. 2 (1 marzo 2023): 023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0138996.

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Over the last two decades, the importance of fully ionized plasmas for the controlled manipulation of high-power coherent light has increased considerably. Many ideas have been put forward on how to control or change the properties of laser pulses such as their frequency, spectrum, intensity, and polarization. The corresponding interaction with a plasma can take place either in a self-organizing way or by prior tailoring. Considerable work has been done in theoretical studies and in simulations, but at present there is a backlog of demand for experimental verification and the associated detailed characterization of plasma-optical elements. Existing proof-of-principle experiments need to be pushed to higher power levels. There is little doubt that plasmas have huge potential for future use in high-power optics. This introduction to the special issue of Matter and Radiation at Extremes devoted to plasma optics sets the framework, gives a short historical overview, and briefly describes the various articles in this collection.

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Traby, Ludwig, Marietta Kollars, Khalid Shoumariyeh, Ansgar Weltermann, Paul Alexander Kyrle, Sabine Eichinger e Daniel Lechner. "Characterization of the Procoagulant Activity of Two Different Microparticle Species." Blood 116, n. 21 (19 novembre 2010): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1143.1143.

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Abstract Abstract 1143 Background: Microparticles (MP) exhibit procoagulant activity by exposure of tissue factor (TF) and consecutive factor (F) × activation via binding to activated FVII (FVIIa). We have shown that TF-negative MP derived from endothelial cells (EMP) after exposure to cisplatin induce thrombin generation in vitro in a TF-independent manner (Lechner et al., J. Thromb. Haemost. 2007). The procoagulant properties of TF-negative MP are not well characterized. We therefore aimed to investigate the mechanisms of coagulation activation by TF-negative EMP (obtained from human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells - HMVEC-L) in comparison to TF-abundant MP derived from a cancer cell line (A431-MP). Methods: MP were obtained by ultracentrifugation (100,000 × g for 1 h) of cell culture supernatant. The procoagulant activity was measured in normal plasma and in plasmas deficient in coagulation factors VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII, respectively, by an in vitro thrombin generation assay (Technothrombin TGA, Technoclone, Austria), by activated partial thromboplastin (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and a chromogenic FIX activation assay. Antibodies to TF and FVII (both American Diagnostica, USA) were used. Plasmas used in the thrombin generation assay were MP-depleted by ultracentrifugation before use. Results: EMP and A431-MP induced in vitro thrombin generation in normal plasma. In vitro thrombin generation induced by EMP was abolished in plasmas deficient in FVIII or FIX, and was markedly reduced in FXI-deficient plasma. In FVII-deficient plasma, normal thrombin generation after addition of EMP was seen. In contrast, A431-MP-triggered thrombin generation was abolished in FVII-deficient plasma, but was not influenced by depletion of FVIII, FIX or FXI. In FX-deficient plasma, thrombin generation could not be triggered by addition of either EMP or A431-MP. Thrombin generation was normal after addition of EMP or A431-MP to FXII-deficient plasma (Figure). In a modified aPTT system using kaolin as surface activator, EMP and A431-MP induced clot formation in normal plasma. In a modified PT system only A431-MP but not EMP induced clot formation. We then investigated whether MP can directly activate FIX. In a plasma-free environment FIX activation by A431-MP was much more pronounced than by EMP (14-fold vs. 2.4 fold increase compared to a control experiment with cell culture medium only). FIX activation by A431-MP was blocked by the addition of antibodies to TF and FVII, while no such effect was seen after addition to EMP. Conclusions: Our findings show that both TF-positive and TF-negative MP exhibit procoagulant activity. If TF is expressed (A431-MP), coagulation activation is triggered via FVII/FVIIa, which is abolished in FVII-deficient plasma or by the addition of antibodies to TF or FVII. TF-negative EMP induce thrombin generation via the intrinsic coagulation pathway by activating FXI and FIX, as shown by the generation of activated FIX in a FIX activation assay. EMP are also able to induce clot formation in an aPTT based system. We surmise that the procoagulatory effect of EMP may be due to their high phospholipid content or to a specific phospholipid surface composition. The results of our FIX activation assay also confirm a direct FIX activation by TF/FVIIa, which can be abolished by addition of antibodies to TF or FVII. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Kersten, H., G. Thieme, M. Fröhlich, D. Bojic, D. H. Tung, M. Quaas, H. Wulff e R. Hippler. "Complex (dusty) plasmas: Examples for applications and observation of magnetron-induced phenomena". Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2005): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577020415.

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Low-pressure plasmas offer a unique possibility of confinement, control, and fine tailoring of particle properties. Hence, dusty plasmas have grown into a vast field, and new applications of plasma-processed dust particles are emerging.During the deposition of thin amorphous films onto melamine formaldehyde (MF) microparticles in a C2H2 plasma, the generation of nanosized carbon particles was also studied. The size distribution of those particles is quite uniform.In another experiment, the stability of luminophore grains could be improved by coating with protective Al2O3 films that are deposited by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process using a metal-organic precursor gas. Coating of SiO2 microparticles with thin metal layers by magnetron sputtering is also described. Especially the interaction of the microsized grains confined in a radio frequency (rf) plasma with the dc magnetron discharge during deposition was investigated. The observations emphasize that the interaction between magnetron plasma and injected microdisperse powder particles can also be used as a diagnostic tool for the characterization of magnetron sputter sources.

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Echeverría, Sebastián, Pablo S. Moya e Denisse Pastén. "On the multifractality of plasma turbulence in the solar wind". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S354 (giugno 2019): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320000514.

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AbstractIn this work we have analyzed turbulent plasma in the kinetic scale by the characterization of magnetic fluctuations time series. Considering numerical Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations we apply a method known as MultiFractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) to study the fluctuations of solar-wind-like plasmas in thermodynamic equilibrium (represented by Maxwellian velocity distribution functions), and out of equilibrium plasma represented by Tsallis velocity distribution functions, characterized by the kappa (κ) parameter, to stablish relations between the fractality of magnetic fluctuation and the kappa parameter.

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Crincoli, L., M. P. Anania, A. Biagioni, M. Carillo, G. Costa, M. Del Giorno, M. Galletti et al. "Characterization of plasma-discharge Capillaries for Plasma-based Particle Acceleration". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, n. 4 (1 gennaio 2024): 042006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/4/042006.

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Abstract Novel particle accelerators based on plasma technology allow a drastic reduction in size, due to the high accelerating field established inside plasmas, which are created and confined by specific devices. Plasma Wakefield Acceleration experiments are performed at the SPARC_LAB test facility (Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati - INFN) by using gas-filled capillaries, in which the plasma formation is achieved by ionizing hydrogen gas through high voltage pulses. In this work, the characterization of gas-filled plasma-discharge capillaries is presented. Several geometrical configurations are tested, including capillaries with different channel shapes and arrangement of inlets positions for the gas injection. Such configurations are designed in order to enhance the uniformity of the plasma density distribution along the plasma channel, which is necessary to improve particle beam acceleration. Plasma sources are characterized by means of the spectroscopic technique based on the Stark broadening method, which allows to measure the evolution of the plasma density profile along the channel. In addition, the CFD software OpenFoam is used to simulate the dynamics of the neutral gas during the filling of the capillary.

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Zuin, M., M. Agostini, F. Auriemma, D. Bonfiglio, S. Cappello, L. Carraro, R. Cavazzana et al. "Dynamics of ultralow-q plasmas in the RFX-mod device". Nuclear Fusion 62, n. 6 (13 aprile 2022): 066029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac58a7.

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Abstract The results are presented of an experimental activity performed in the RFX-mod device aimed at characterizing plasma dynamics in the so-called Ultralow-q (ULq) magnetic configuration, which corresponds to edge safety factor values below 1. The role of the edge safety factor in determining plasma dynamics is studied. In particular, a characterization of MHD activity is performed. The results of dedicated non-linear 3D visco-resistive MHD simulations are in good quantitative agreement with the experimental observations. In particular, the predicted tendency for ULq plasmas to be characterized by magnetic spectra dominated by a single mode (either a kink or a double resonant internal mode) is confirmed by experiment. Magnetic reconnection plays a relevant role in determining the dynamics of the magnetic topology. Both almost quiescent and largely fluctuating plasmas are observed with a strong sensitivity on the edge safety factor. The main MHD properties of the ULq are compared to those of RFP and tokamak discharges, also produced in the RFX-mod device. MHD modes exhibit toroidal rotation at a frequency depending on mode amplitude. Differently from what encountered in RFP plasmas at comparable current levels, no wall locking is detected.

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Weltmann, Klaus Dieter, Eckhard Kindel, Thomas von Woedtke, Marcel Hähnel, Manfred Stieber e Ronny Brandenburg. "Atmospheric-pressure plasma sources: Prospective tools for plasma medicine". Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, n. 6 (20 aprile 2010): 1223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-10-35.

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Plasma-based treatment of chronic wounds or skin diseases as well as tissue engineering or tumor treatment is an extremely promising field. First practical studies are promising, and plasma medicine as an independent medical field is emerging worldwide. While during the last years the basics of sterilizing effects of plasmas were well studied, concepts of tailor-made plasma sources which meet the technical requirements of medical instrumentation are still less developed. Indeed, studies on the verification of selective antiseptic effects of plasmas are required, but the development of advanced plasma sources for biomedical applications and a profound knowledge of their physics, chemistry, and parameters must be contributed by physical research. Considering atmospheric-pressure plasma sources, the determination of discharge development and plasma parameters is a great challenge, due to the high complexity and limited diagnostic approaches. This contribution gives an overview on plasma sources for therapeutic applications in plasma medicine. Selected specific plasma sources that are used for the investigation of various biological effects are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the needs, prospects, and approaches for its characterization from the fundamental plasma physical point of view will be discussed.

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Castro, Giuseppe, David Mascali, Francesco Paolo Romano, Carmen Altana, Claudia Caliri, Luigi Celona, Rossella Di Giugno et al. "EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN OVERDENSE PLASMA IN A COMPACT ION SOURCE". Acta Polytechnica 55, n. 3 (30 giugno 2015): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2015.55.0146.

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<p>Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) are compact plasma-based machines able to feed particle accelerators with high intensity beams of multi-charged ions. ECRIS plasmas are density-limited, since they are sustained by E.M. wave propagation up to a cut-off density value. In the past, the only way to improve ECRIS performance was to increase the microwave frequency and the magnetic field strength to satisfy the ECR condition. A different plasma heating mechanism is being applied at INFN-LNS. It is based on Electron Bernstein Waves (EBW), i.e., electrostatic waves which do not suffer any density cut-off. Highlights concerning preliminary signatures of EBW formation and subsequent absorption are given here.</p>

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Pu, Yi-Kang, Zhi-Gang Guo, Zheng-De Kang, Jie Ma, Zhi-Cheng Guan, Guang-Yu Zhang e En-Ge Wang. "Comparative characterization of high-density plasma reactors using emission spectroscopy from VUV to NIR". Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2002): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274030459.

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Emission spectroscopy is used to investigate the effect of inert gas mixing in nitrogen plasmas generated in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sources. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission of resonance lines is used to determine concentration of atomic nitrogen while electron temperature is obtained from optical emission spectra. It is found that electron temperature can be either raised or reduced effectively by mixing helium or argon in a nitrogen discharge. Electron-electron collisions and superelastic collisions involving metastable species are key factors in electron temperature tuning.

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Mehrpour Bernety, Hossein, Luc S. Houriez, Jesse A. Rodríguez, Benjamin Wang e Mark A. Cappelli. "A characterization of plasma properties of a heterogeneous magnetized low pressure discharge column". AIP Advances 12, n. 11 (1 novembre 2022): 115220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124845.

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An approach is presented for characterizing heterogeneous magnetized plasma discharge tubes through the scattering of electromagnetic plane waves. Here, we formulate the analytical problem of electromagnetic scattering from a gyrotropic plasma column. The scattering accounts for the heterogeneous composition of the cylindrical discharge plasma and facilitates determining its propensity for gyrotropic scattering, particularly when electron collisional damping may be prevalent. The analytical results are validated using computational simulations. Scattered fields from the magnetized plasma are measured experimentally, and, by comparing the analytical and experimental results, the unknown parameters of the discharge, i.e., characteristic plasma and electron collisional damping frequencies, are determined. The technique is relatively straight-forward to use and removes the need for commercial computational electromagnetic simulations when experimental data on scattering characteristics of such cylindrical discharge plasmas are available.

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Zhang, Yanjie, Yu Wang, Jingwen Xu, Chengzhi Guo, Wei Jiang e Ya Zhang. "Numerical characterization of dual radio frequency micro-discharges". AIP Advances 13, n. 3 (1 marzo 2023): 035111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135426.

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Micro-discharges have many excellent characteristics, such as generation of high-density and non-equilibrium plasmas at atmospheric pressure. In this paper, we used an implicit particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision method for three-dimensional velocities in a one-dimensional space combined with the secondary electron emission model to study the characteristics of micro-discharges driven by dual radio frequency (RF) power. The effect on plasma parameters was observed by varying the voltage of the RF power, the frequency, and the gas pressure of the discharge. Since the electrode spacing is very small in micro-discharges, the voltage change will affect the characteristics of micro-discharges. In addition, the plasma density increases with the frequency and the discharge mode changes at different frequencies. Finally, the influence of gas pressure on the characteristics of micro-discharges cannot be ignored. When the air pressure decreases, the ion flux reaching the electrodes is significantly increased, and the energy distribution of ions increases in the high-energy portion.

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Al-Juboori, Haider M., e Tom McCormack. "Expansion Dynamic and Characterization of Stagnation Layer in Laterally Colliding Plasmas: Dependence of Observation Bandwidth and Plasma Plume Separation". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2407, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2407/1/012003.

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Abstract The colliding laser-produced plasma (CLPP) has a wide range of applications in various contexts, that might start with astrophysical applications or pulsed laser deposition or Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), which is a powerful analytical technique for elemental analysis and material identification. In CLPP experiments, the stagnation layer might form at the interface region when two dense laser-induced plasmas collide, and the degree of stagnation can be diagnosed by the collisionality parameter that is used to determine what kind of interaction will take place, i.e., soft or hard stagnation. Our experimental work presents the results of the temporal, spatial and semi-spectrally imaging of colliding plasmas of aluminium and silicon targets. The analysis is focused on describing the velocity of the expanding plasma front for the interaction zone. The aim of the work presented here is to further advance and study colliding plasma techniques, as well as other methods to realize and control species density and expansion, with a view to a deep understanding of these complex mechanisms and optimising emission in the visible wavelength range. All investigation sequences were based on a similar experimental setup, where two different focusing lenses were used with an effective focal length (EFL) of approx. 100mm or 125mm to achieve seed separation around 1.66mm or 2.16mm, respectively. Time-resolved emission imaging was employed to track the stagnation layer‛s size and shape, which might act as a signature of hard versus soft stagnation. The study provides a considerable amount of detailed data related to the expansion velocity of the interaction zone which extends the understanding of the behaviour of particular species within colliding laser-produced plasmas.

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García, M. C., C. Yubero, M. D. Calzada e M. P. Martínez-Jiménez. "Spectroscopic Characterization of Two Different Microwave (2.45 GHz) Induced Argon Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure". Applied Spectroscopy 59, n. 4 (aprile 2005): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702053641405.

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A surface-wave-sustained discharge created by using a surfatron device in a tube open to the atmosphere can be used to maintain a microwave (2.45 GHz) plasma at atmospheric pressure at powers of less than 300 W. The TIA ( Torche à Injection Axiale) is a device also producing a plasma that, moreover, permits us to work at high power (higher than 200 W and up to 1000 W). A study of the departure from the thermodynamic equilibrium existing in the argon plasmas created by both devices has been done by using optical emission spectroscopy techniques in order to characterize them and to evaluate their possible advantages when they are used for applied purposes.

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Pouradier Duteil, B., M. Barbisan, R. Milazzo, C. Poggi, E. Sartori, M. Spolaore, M. Ugoletti e B. Zaniol. "Characterization of plasmas in negative ion sources using a Cs-H Collisional Radiative model". Journal of Instrumentation 19, n. 02 (1 febbraio 2024): C02051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/02/c02051.

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Abstract SPIDER, hosted at the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) in Padova, Italy, is the full scale prototype for the ITER Heating Neutral Beam (HNB) source. Another smaller compact RF ion source, NIO1, hosted by Consorzio RFX, was built to study the production and acceleration of H- ions in continuous operation. Both machines operate with the evaporation of caesium in order to enhance the production of negative ions. A collisional radiative model for caesium-hydrogen plasmas was recently developed. When used in conjunction with measurements from Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Laser Absorption Spectroscopy and electrostatic probes, the model can provide estimates of the plasma parameters with a good spatial resolution thanks to the many lines of sight available. This work presents a characterization of the plasma in SPIDER and NIO1 using this method. In particular, we investigate the influence of the RF power and the magnetic filter field on the plasma properties, and compare the results with those of other source and beam diagnostics.

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Laroussi, Mounir. "Low Temperature Plasma Jets: Characterization and Biomedical Applications". Plasma 3, n. 2 (3 aprile 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma3020006.

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Takenaka, Kosuke, Yusuke Okumura e Yuichi Setsuhara. "Characterization of inductively coupled RF plasmas for plasma-assisted mist CVD of ZnO films". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 379 (7 agosto 2012): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/379/1/012031.

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LACDAN, Ma Camille C., e Motoi WADA. "Characterization of Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas by a Gerdien Condenser". Plasma and Fusion Research 11 (2016): 2401015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/pfr.11.2401015.

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