Tesi sul tema "Char"
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1
Ayers, Scott David. "A review of the species status of the Angayukaksurak charr (Salvelinus anaktuvukensis) of northern Alaska perspectives from molecular and morphological data /". PURL, 2010. http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/B/608729840.pdf.
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2
Wu, Tao. "Automated char image analysis and the inclusion of char morphology in char burnout modelling". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420360.
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3
Spracklin, Christopher John. "Model char studies on nitrogen release during coal char combustion". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297655.
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4
Haley, Evelyn. "Coal char reactivity". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316261.
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5
Aiken, Gregg W. "The use of a char pile reactor to study char bed processes". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5734.
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6
Komarova, Evgeniia. "Brown coal char CO2-gasification kinetics with respect to the char structure". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-227770.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research has been performed in the framework of the Virtuhcon project, which intends to virtualize high temperature conversion processes. Coal gasification is one of these processes, which is nowadays considered as a promising technology for the chemical industry. This study is devoted to the coal char physical structure, which is one of the most important parameters influencing coal gasification reaction.
First, this study presents the extensive literature review of the char physical structure role during its conversion. Collection of the char structural properties as well as their changes during char conversion are shown and discussed.
Literature review is followed by the experimental investigations. Chars prepared from two brown coals (Lusatian and Rhenish) were gasified in a laboratory scale fluidized bed reactor in CO2 at temperatures of 800, 850, 900, and 950 °C and atmospheric pressure. Char samples were gasified completely as well as partially in order to evaluate the reaction kinetics and char structural changes during the reaction, respectively. Complete gasification curves were evaluated by different methods, including application of three gasification models (the Random Pore Model, the Volume Reaction Model, and the Shrinking Reaction Model), instantaneous reaction rate approach as well as the self-developed surface-related reaction rate approach. The results of different approaches were compared.
This study also presents a comprehensive methodology to analyze coal char physical structure. The variety of measurement techniques (gas physical adsorption, mercury porosimetry, helium pycnometry, SEM, etc.) were applied to assess structural properties of the char, such as specific surface area, particle density, porosity, pore size and shape, structure morphology, etc. Problems associated with the choice of a proper measurement technique and the comparability of the data delivered by different techniques were discussed.
The main objective of the study was to link char structural changes to the char gasification kinetics. The specific task of this thesis was to investigate pore size in relation to their availability for the reaction. As such, specific surface areas of pores of different sizes (from sub-micro to mesopores) were correlated to the instantaneous reaction rates.
Both chars exhibit similar trends in their structural changes during gasification, although the absolute values differ, especially with respect to the pores of microscale. Furthermore, structural changes were caused not only by the reaction but also by the influence of the heat treatment, especially at the earlier stages of the reaction. The most reasonable correlation has been achieved between the instantaneous reaction rate and the specific surface area of mesopores. Sub-micro- and micropores did not govern the gasification reaction under given conditions.
Finally, kinetic parameters derived from different evaluation methods were reapplied in order to test their ability to predict the experimental data. Each of the method has its advantages and disadvantages as used for the kinetic evaluation.
The results of this study represent a substantive base of the experimentally derived data concerning physical structure and morphology of coal char. The findings can be used in numerical and simulation studies for development, validation, and improvement of the models which consider coal particle as a reactive porous solid.
7
Le, Cornec Joëlle. "René Char : l'écriture fragmentaire". Rennes 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN20015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'écriture fragmentaire peut être considérée comme un aspect de l'hermétisme charien, or son élucidation conduit à parler de la lisibilité de Char. Une étude de l'écriture et de ses genres montre que l'écriture charienne, plutôt que leur adoption est invention d'une forme, écriture fondée sur ses ruptures et sur ses blancs. La deuxième partie verra les modes de construction du sens. Le fragmental y est entendu comme principe de morcellement. Il donne à découvrir cette activité créatrice de formes éclatées par la discontinuité, le blanc, sémantique et graphique, l'ellipse. La troisième partie, l'imaginaire de l'écriture charienne: un régime diairétique de l'image que décèlent trois figures-mère: la rêverie de la fragmentation est orientée selon trois axes : le pulvérisé, le disloqué (tonalités majeure, mineure du fragment) de fragile. L'architecture de l'oeuvre laisse apparaître cependant deux forces antinomiques : le pulvérisé et le haut montrant que le fragment trouve à s'articuler mais dans l'intratextualité. La métatextualité revêt aussi une fonction de cohésionFragmentary writing may be considered as an aspect of Charier abstruseness, whereas its elucidation has led to speak of the readibility of Char. A study of the fragment and its established shows that Charier writing, rather than adopting these, in the invention of a form - a writing based on its ruptures and blanks. The second part deals with the way of constructing the meaning. The fragmental here is understood to be the principle of the breaking up. He discovers the creative energy of form, slipt up by the discontinuity, the blank-semantic and graphic - the ellipsis. The third, the imaginary of charier writing: a diairetic object of the image revealed by three mother-figures. A musing of the fragmentation delivers the three axes from imagination: the pulverized, the dislocated (the major and minor tones of the fragment) and the fragile. The architecture of the work however reveals two antinoma forms: the pulverized and the linking showing that the fragment finds a means of becoming connected, though in intratextuality. The metatextualite takes on also the function of cohesion
8
Hyder, A. H. M. Golam. "Sorption Characteristics of Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] onto Bone Char and Bio-char". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171833.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The sorption characteristics of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] onto bone char and bio-char were evaluated as a function of pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and dosages of bone char and bio-char. Batch tests were conducted by using synthetic wastewater in this study. The effects of various initial Cr(VI) concentrations between 5 mg/L and 1000 mg/L were evaluated using bone char as a sorbent. A Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 100 % was achieved at pH 1 with 2 g of bone char in 50 mL of solution at 3 hours of reaction time using initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10 mg/L. About 100 % of Cr(VI) was removed at pH 2 with initial Cr(VI) concentrations of 10 mg/L using 4 g of bio-char in 200 mL of solution at 5 hours of reaction time. The initial Cr(VI) concentrations were varied between 10 mg/L and 500 mg/L when bio-char was used as the sorbent. The maximum sorption capacities of bone char and bio-char were determined to 6.46 mg Cr(VI)/g, and 1.717 mg Cr(VI)/g, respectively. Equilibrium, kinetics, and isotherms of the sorption process were also investigated. The sorption kinetics of Cr(VI) onto bone char and bio-char followed the second order kinetic model suggesting that the sorption reaction rate depends on two parameters, which might be the sorbate concentration and sorbent dosage. The Langmuir isotherm model was the best one for the description of sorption of Cr(VI) onto bone char and bio-char.
9
Pietri, Renaud. "Le char dans la pensée égyptienne". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30068.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
De nombreuses études se sont déjà intéressées aux questions techniques et tactiques liées au char dans l’Orient ancien, y compris en égyptologie. Le véhicule fut à l’origine de profonds changements sociaux et culturels, et ce dans toutes les civilisations qui l’adoptèrent. L’Egypte en particulier en fit un emblème incontournable du pouvoir royal au Nouvel Empire et participa pleinement à une « culture du char » commune à tout l’Orient de l’Âge du Bronze Récent. L’objectif de cette thèse, au-delà de l’importance du char dans l’histoire militaire ou l’histoire des techniques, est d’étudier la place qu’occupe le véhicule dans la pensée égyptienne. Le volume principal de cette thèse se découpe en cinq parties. La première partie, comprenant trois chapitres, revient d’une part sur les travaux antérieurs menés sur le char et les chevaux dans l’Egypte ancienne, puis présente succinctement les sources à disposition sur le sujet. Suivent deux chapitres revenant respectivement sur la question du char en Orient et sur celle du char en Egypte. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la réception linguistique du véhicule. La troisième partie s’intéresse à la place du char dans l’idéologie royale et des élites. Les deux premiers chapitres sont dédiés au roi en char et au char du roi. Une attention particulière est accordée ensuite à la problématique du char à l’époque amarnienne. Le quatrième chapitre se concentre quant à lui sur le char en tant que véhicule de l’élite. Il est suivi d’une étude portant sur les représentations humoristiques impliquant le char. La quatrième partie concerne la réception religieuse du véhicule. Un premier chapitre s’intéresse à la place du char dans le monde funéraire, puis est évoqué le lien entre certaines divinités, le char et les chevaux. Le troisième chapitre s’intéresse particulièrement l’iconographie d’Horus-Ched en char, puis un dernier chapitre interroge la notion de « char solaire » en Egypte. La cinquième et dernière partie est une étude sur la réception littéraire du char, s’intéressant particulièrement à l’Hymne au roi en char, un poème qui place le véhicule au centre de sa composition, traduit et commenté en compagnie d’autres textes littérairesThere are already many studies about technical and tactical questions linked to the chariot in Ancient Near East, even in Egyptology. This vehicle had been behind deep cultural and social changes in every civilisation which used it. In Egypt particularly it was an emblem of royal power in New Empire, and in a common « chariot’s culture » during the Late Bronze Age in Ancient Near East. Beyond the importance of the chariot in military or technical history, this thesis’ purpose is to study the place of this vehicle in Egyptian’s mind. The thesis is divided in five parts. The first part, divided in three chapters, explains both previous researches about the chariot and horses in Ancient Egypt, then presents briefly the available sources about this subject. The two following chapters respectively focus on the chariot in Near East and in Egypt. The second part focuses on the vehicle’s linguistic reception. The third part is interested in the chariot’s place in royal and elites’ ideology. The two first chapters are both dedicated to the king in his chariot and the king’s vehicle. A special attention is given to question of the chariot during Armanian Period. The forth chapter focuses about the chariot as the elite’s vehicle. It is followed by a study about satirical representations including the chariot. The forth part is related to the vehicle’s religious reception. A first chapter is about the place of the chariot in funerary practices, then the link between some gods, chariots and horses is studied. The third chapter details the particular case of Horus-Shed’s iconography on his chariot. The last chapter questions the notion of « solar chariot » in Ancient Egypt. The last and fifth part is a study about the chariot’s literary reception, studying especially a poem which places the vehicle in the center of its composition called Hymn to the King on his Chariot, translated and commentated on, as well as other literary texts
10
Delliaux, Anne-Marie. "René Char ou l'effet miroir". Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU2A096.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Présentée dans le cadre de l'université Toulouse le Mirail, mirail signifiant en ancien français miroir, et dans le contexte de séduction inhérent à la poésie, cette étude porte sur les rapports privilégies unissant miroir et séduction ainsi que les offrent en abondance trois recueils : la parole en archipel, la nuit talismanique qui brillait dans son cercle et aromates chasseursPresented in the framework of the university Toulouse le Mirail, mirail meaning in old french mirror, and in the context of seduction inherent in the poetry, this study rests on the privileged connections uniting mirror and seduction. Three compilations afford plentifully examples of it : la parole en archipel, la nuit talismanique qui brillait dans son cercle and aromates chasseurs
11
Belin, Olivier. "René Char et le surréalisme". Paris 4, 2008. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=obiMS01.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
René Char a officiellement adhéré au surréalisme de 1930 à 1934. Sa poésie a-t-elle pour autant été profondément marquée par le mouvement ? C’est par l’affirmative que se propose de répondre cette thèse, en réévaluant la place du surréalisme dans l’ensemble du corpus publié par Char de 1928 à 1988, et à la lumière de correspondances ou de manuscrits inédits. Dans la première partie, une étude chronologique des recueils d’avant-guerre montre combien l’étape surréaliste a permis à Char, par attraction puis par répulsion, de forger ses propres orientations esthétiques et intellectuelles. La seconde partie envisage l’ensemble des textes d’après-guerre sous différentes perspectives afin de révéler la persistance de l’héritage surréaliste, Char ne cessant en effet de se confronter au mouvement pour mieux définir le sens de son œuvre, de sa poétique, de ses positions politiques, de ses réflexions éthiques ou de ses choix d’écriture. L’évolution de Char offre ainsi un exemple singulier de la dissémination du surréalisme dans la poésie française du XXe siècleRené Char officially belonged to the surrealist movement from 1930 to 1934. For all that, did the movement have a profound impact on his poetry ? This thesis sets out to answer in the affirmative by reconsidering the place of surrealism in the whole corpus published by Char from 1928 to 1988, in the light of unpublished correspondences or manuscripts. In the first part, it is a chronological study of the pre-war books which shows how the surrealist stage enabled Char, by attraction or repulsion, to form his own aesthetic and intellectual positions. The second part examines all of the post-war texts from different angles so as to reveal the persistence of the surrealist heritage, since Char constantly goes back to surrealism to define the meaning of his works, poetics, political tendencies, ethical thoughts or stylistic choices. Thus Char’s evolution provides a remarkable example of the dissemination of surrealism in the twentieth century French poetry
12
Morin, Eugénie. "René Char : éthique et Utopie". Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Par sa vision tragique du monde, René Char semble, à première vue, bien éloigné des penseurs utopistes, moins intéressé par les lendemains qui chantent que par les dangers imminents qui guettent l’humanité. Dans un grand nombre de ses poèmes, il s'attaque aux naïfs qui se persuadent que c'est le bien qui adviendra, valorise les pessimistes dans la mesure où « ils voient de leur vivant l'objet de leur appréhension se réaliser ». Son œuvre semble parfois rejoindre les actes d'accusation faisant de l'utopie l'antichambre du goulag et des camps, la rendant responsable de la dégénérescence des états dits socialistes en systèmes totalitaires. À plusieurs reprises, Char indique qu’entre l’ethos (qui recommande d’arrimer la poésie et la pensée au réel) et l’utopos (qui s’élabore à l’écart de la réalité du monde) il ne peut surgir qu’une incompatibilité essentielle. Mais s'en tenir là serait ignorer que tout une part de sa poésie demeure également marquée par le « principe espérance ». Si ses recueils du début des années 1930 sont traversés par le désir d’un « monde en tout renouvelé de l’attractif », certains de ses écrits plus tardifs sont également ponctués d’« images-souhaits » de la conscience désirante, d’évocations de lieux rêvés : « ville imperforée » ou « pays d’à côté », « citadelle idéale » ou « perfection à la fois territoriale et inspirée du bien commun ». Bien que Char se soit de nombreuses fois attaqué aux utopies du futur, il convient de se demander si on ne peut trouver à l'intérieur même de sa critique une invitation à penser l'utopie autrementBy virtue of his tragic vision of the world, René Char initially appears to be far from a utopian. He is less interested in “enchanting dawns” than in the imminent dangers that await humanity. In many poems he attacks the naïve who believe that good will triumph, and values instead the pessimists “who see in their very lifetime the realization of what they most feared.” For this reason, Char has been placed alongside those who view utopia as the foyer of gulags and concentration camps, and hold utopianism responsible for the degeneration of so-called “socialist” states into totalitarian ones. Char suggests several times that between ethos (which encourages the adherence of poetry and thought to reality) and utopos (which distances us from the reality of the world) only an essential incompatibility can arise. To leave the question of utopia at this, however, is to ignore how a whole dimension of Char’s poetry is equally inspired by the “principle of hope.” His poetry from the early 1930s flows from a desire for “a world in every respect renewed by the attractive.” His later works are equally filled with “wish-images” of desiring consciousness, evocations of dreamed places – be it an “imperforate city,” a “country at the margins,” an “ideal citadel” or, indeed, “perfection, both earthly and inspired by the common good.” While Char has on several occasions taken it upon himself to attack future-oriented utopias, it is necessary to ask whether, from within this very criticism, we may find instead an invitation to think utopia otherwise
13
Thonnerieux, Stéphanie Debreuille Jean-Yves. ""La connaissance productive du Réel" étude stylistique de la poésie de René Char /". Lyon : université Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/thonnerieux_s.
Testo completo
14
Chen, Xujun. "Pyrolysis and Combustion of Phosphorus containing Solid Fuels: Char Structure, Char Reactivity and Particulate Matter Emission". Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/76484.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis first reports a new method for quantifying phosphorus (P) with various forms in solid fuels. Based on this method, P transformation during pyrolysis was then investigated. In situ volatiles with distinctly-different chemistry during volatile−char interactions could significantly affect char structure, reactivity and particulate matter (PM) emission during combustion of P-containing solid fuels. Water vapors are also found to substantially influence PM emission during combustion of volatiles and char from P-containing solid fuels.
15
Hadji, Khalid. "Sémiotique et imaginaire de René Char". Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMOA001.
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Roche, Martine. "Le théâtre saisonnier de René Char". Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30037.
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17
Quillier, Patrick. "L'Usage de l'oreille selon René Char". Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Essai d'audiocritique sur l'oeuvre de char, ce travail decrit tout d'abord son paysage sonore, ensemble des sons et des bruits retenus par le poeme. Une attention precise est accordee a chacun d'entre eux jusque dans ses plus obscures occurrences. Une deuxieme partie analyse les differents gestes auditifs auxquels char recourt pour constituer son ecoute, les interferences de l'oreille avec les autres organes sensoriels (souvent par couplages binaires, quelquefois par combinaisons plus complexes de trois a cinq sens), ainsi que toutes sortes d'usages seconds de l'ecoute, appliquee a des domaines symboliques, abstraits ou theoriques, tels que les phantasmes, les faits de societe ou l'ethique. On etudie ensuite l'usage proprement philosophique, voire metaphysique que char fait de l'oreille, pour en produire toute une semiologie de l'entendement, inseparable d'une mise en crise du decidable, du discontinu et du binaire, ce qui entraine une gnoseologie auditive specifique, une acroamatique, laquelle permet d'aborder les sons metaphysiques presents dans cette poesie, tels que sons produits par l'"espace" et le "temps", la "voix", les "dieux", l'"etre". . . Ouir, ecouter, entendre, tout cela fait de la matiere verbale un corps sonore tout vibrant de ce a quoi l'oreille s'est ouverte. Ce corps sonore est donc faconne par une instance complexe qui consiste, au fur et a mesure que le poeme s'accomplit, a faire parler l'oreille. Tel est l'objet de la quatrieme partie, qui degage les rapports que le "poetique" entretient avec le "musical", mais aussi avec l'"audible" en general, considere sous l'angle du "sonore" et du "non-verbal", et qui passe au crible certaines des figures-clefs du "poetique" - au premier rang desquelles se trouve le rythme. L'hermetisme de char est rattache aux obscurites de l'oreille, dont il a fait un usage complexe et subtil, recourant par exemple aux acousmates, qui sont des sons hallucines ou interieursTrying to make a kind of audiocritics about char, this work first describes his soundscape : sounds and noises presented by the poem. A precise attention is given to each of them even in its very strange mentions. The second part shows the different gestures which construct char's sense of listening, the cooperation between hearing and the other organs, and the various possibilities to apply hearing and listening to symbolic, abstract or theoretical fields, like fantasies, social facts or ethics. Then we study how char is using hearing and listening in philosophical and metaphysical fields, in order to product a kind of intending semiology which is linked to the crisis of what is to decide, of what depends on discrepancy and on dualism. Consequently, we establish the foundations of a charian audiognoseology, which belongs to acroamatics : with its statements we can approach the metaphysical sounds this poetry is fond of, like sounds producted by space, time, voice, gods and being. . . By hearing, listening, and intending, the poet changes his language into a resonant body. This body is created by a complex mechanism : while the poet is writing, this mechanism puts the ears to speak. Theese are the purposes of the fourth part : to establish, in this resonant body, the linkages between poetics and music, and generally between poetics and audible ; to analyse acroamatically the main concepts of poetics - for instance, primus inter pares, rhythm. Char's hermetism is linked to ear's darkness, he used in complex and subtle ways, for instance resorting to acousmates, which are hallucinated or inner sounds
18
Wang, Jisheng. "The role of active surface sites in CO₂ gasification of polymer char and coal chars". Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328540.
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Dupouy, Christine. "Jour et nuit de l'écriture dans l'oeuvre de René Char". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375947181.
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Michel, Laure Debreuille Jean-Yves. "Le poème et la crise de l'histoire dans l'oeuvre de René Char". Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/michel_l.
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Ryan, Jennifer S. "Char combustion in a packed bed reactor". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8964.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study reports on overfeed packed bed char combustion experiments and modelling. Experimental results are used to verify the assumptions of an existing char combustion simulation. The computer model uses finite volume discretization methods to predict temperature and concentration profiles for packed bed char combustion. Also, the behaviour of ash in a packed bed is explored and incorporated into the model by accounting for the effect of ash on such properties as bed void fraction and heat and mass transfer processes. The effects of air flow rate and bed depth on the burning rate, the bed temperature and gas concentrations are also examined. Experiments were performed in a reactor 23 cm in diameter and 20 cm high. Thermocouples measured bed temperatures and a water-cooled probe sampled bed gases. Gas samples were analysed for CO2, CO and O2 using a gas chromatograph. The fuel was foundry coke with a particle diameter in the 1 cm size range. Experiments were run for bed heights ranging from 5 to 15 cm and air flow rates of 191 to 520 kg/m2hr. Comparison of the experimental bed profiles and burning rates with model predictions shows good agreement, indicating that the model can reliably predict packed bed char combustion. Species concentrations are shown to be only dependent on bed depth; whereas the burning rate is a function of both the bed depth and air flow rate. The data also show that the ash properties are highly dependent on the operating conditions; since the model predictions are very sensitive to the ash properties, a relationship between ash properties and temperature needs to be developed and included in the model. More research is also needed on the CO2 reduction reaction parameters and pore diffusion model and the oxidation kinetics in the ash layer.
22
Ryan, Jennifer. "Char combustion in a packed bed reactor". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ58500.pdf.
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Leyva-Ramos, Roberto, Nahum A. Medellín-Castillo, Jovita Mendoza-Barron, Laura Fuentes-Rubio, Rosa M. Guerrero-Coronado e Raul Ocampo-Perez. "Kinetics of fluoride adsorption onto bone char". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-191067.
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Wu, Ruochen. "Experimental and Modeling of Biomass Char Gasification". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8765.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This investigation provides a comprehensive experimental dataset and kinetic model for biomass gasification, over a wide temperature range (1150-1350 °Ï¹) in CO2, H2O and the combination of these two reactant gases over the mole fraction ranges of 0 to 0.5 for H2O and 0 to 0.9 for CO2. The data come from a unique experimental facility that tracks continuous mass loss rates for poplar wood, corn stover and switchgrass over the size range of 6-12.5 mm. In addition, the data include char size, shape, surface and internal temperature and discrete measurements of porosity, total surface area, pore size distribution and composition. This investigation also includes several first-ever observations regarding char gasification that probably extend to char reactivity of all types and that are quantified in the model. These include: the effect of ash accumulation on the char surface slowing the apparent reaction rate, changes in particle size, porosity and density as functions of burnout, and reaction kinetics that account for all of these changes. Nonlinear least-squares regression produces optimized power-law model parameters that describe gasification with respect to both CO2 and H2O separately and in combination. A single set of parameters reasonably describes rates for all three chars. Model simulations agree with measured data at all stages of char conversion. This investigation details how ash affects biomass char reactivity, specifically the late-stage burnout. The ash contents ratios in the raw fuels in these experiments are as high as 40:1, providing a clear indication of the ash effect on the char reactivity. The experimental results definitively indicate a decrease in char reaction rate with increasing initial fuel ash content and with increasing char burnout -- most pronounced at high burnout. This investigation postulates that an increase in the fraction of the surface covered by refractory material associated with either higher initial ash contents or increased burnout decreases the surface area available for reaction and thus the observed reaction rate. A quantitative model that includes this effect predicts the observed data at any one condition within the data uncertainty and over a broad range of fuel types, particle sizes, temperatures, and reactant concentrations slightly less accurately than the experimental uncertainty. Surface area, porosity, diameter, and density predictions from standard models do not adequately describe the experimental trends. Total surface area increases slightly with conversion, with most of the increase in the largest pores or channels/vascules not measurable by standard surface area techniques but most of the surface area is in the small pores. Porosity also increases with char conversion except for abrupt changes associated with char and ash collapse at the end of char conversion. Char particle diameters decrease during these kinetically controlled reactions, in part because the reaction is endothermic and therefore proceeds more rapidly at the comparatively warmer char surface. SEM images qualitatively confirm the quantitative measurements and imply that the biomass microstructure does not appreciably change during conversion except for the large pore diameters. Extant char porosity, diameter, surface area, and related models do not predict these trends. This investigation suggests alternative models based on these measurements.
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Leyva-Ramos, Roberto, Nahum A. Medellín-Castillo, Jovita Mendoza-Barron, Laura Fuentes-Rubio, Rosa M. Guerrero-Coronado e Raul Ocampo-Perez. "Kinetics of fluoride adsorption onto bone char". Diffusion fundamentals 11 (2009) 84, S. 1-2, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14056.
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Hafner, Josef. "René Char : de la fureur au mystère". Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tome i, trois parties : 1) etude des origines de char, son enracinement dans son pays natal, ses debuts litteraires, ses annees surrealistes, jusqu'en 1936. 2) de 1936 a 1948. Ces annees qui ont change l'europe, voire le monde, etaient aussi des annees decisives pour char : guerre et resistance. 3) lecture tres (trop) rapide de fureur et mystere. La bibliographie indique des publications de char peu ou pas connues. Ce volume contient de nombreuses reproductions (pages de titre, manuscrits, partitions musicales, illustrations) et des photos en couleur. Tome ii, annexe. Ce volume contient de nombreuses publications de char qui ne figurent dans la pleiade : 1) publications preoriginales et ecrits de circonstances. 2) entretiens non repris en pleiade. 3. 1) arriere-histoire du poeme pulverise. (extraits) 3. 2. ) lettre a benjamin peret. 3. 3. ) les cloches sur le coeurVol. I, three parts : 1) study of the origines of char, his rootedness in his home countra, his literary beginnings, his surrealiste years till 1936. 2) from 1936 to 1948. These years which changed europe and the whole world are one of the most important years in chr's life : war and resitance. The bibliography indicates many publications of char not or little known. This volume contents many reproductions concerning char's poetry (pages of title, manusripts, musical partitions, illustrations) and colored photos. Vol. Ii, annexe : this volume contents many publications of char, not included in the pleiade : 1) poems and writings. 2) interviews. 3. 1. ) arriere-histroire du poeme pulverise. (extracts). 3. 2. ) lettre a benjamin peret. 3. 3. ) les cloches sur le coeur
27
Mokrane, Hakim. "René Char ou la métamorphose d'une poétique". Chambéry, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CHAML014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette étude s'attache à traiter les évolutions de la poétique de Char en liaison avec les inflexions de l'imaginaire mis en oeuvre par le poète. La démonstration s'attache notamment à mettre en évidence une césure qui révèle le passage d'un monde tragique à l'évocation d'un drame proprement humain, plus attentif à la réalité immédiate, moins altière et plus humble. Pour y parvenir, ce travail dessine les insistances de l'imaginaire charien et entreprend d'en montrer les inflexions successives. Au coeur de cette poétique d'aiguisement, qui puise son énergie dans l'holocauste du souvenir, vont naître de nouvelles modalités d'occupation de l'espace. A partir de "Chants de la Balandrane", le poète va trouver dans les voisinages les plus humbles, dans l'espace le plus réduit et au travers d'une lenteur inhabituelle les voies de son accomplissement. Il s'agit maintenant moin de conquérir que de soulager une terre endolorie. Parole devenue modeste et murmurante plutôt qu'icarienne et inspirée.
28
Soulé, Yves. "René Char : l'imbattable ordonnance de la géologie". Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30011.
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Roussille, Frédéric. "René Char ou la nature de l’image". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3063.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans son oeuvre poétique René Char cultive une façon de faire image où l'évidence et le mystère sont équivalents. Car ce qui, chez lui, se met en vue n'est pas conçu selon un usage du langage où le monde et les mots se feraient face. N'étant pas ce qui peut être réduit par le langage, le monde est alors ce geste par lequel cela, prenant le risque de s'inventer, se voit ou se dit, se trace ou s'écrit. Suivant la carrière du poète, nous observons comment un tel projet de poésie souveraine s'est précisé et nous voyons mieux pourquoi Char s'est passionné pour les peintres ; comment il s'inscrit dans un romantisme de la philosophie de la nature, et comment il rompt avec lui ; comment, enfin, son refus de l'histoire téléologique, tenue pour une entrave à la souveraineté, l'a conduit à prendre position dans son siècleIn his poetic body ok work, René Char develops a way to make image where the evident and the obscure are equivalent. For what is, for him, set in plain sight is not conceived according to a use of language where the world ans words would be face to face. As it cannot be reduced by language, the world is then this gesture thanks to which, at the risk of inventing itself, it is seen or said, drawn or written. Following the unfoldind of the poet's career, we can observe how such an endeavour towards sovereign poetry took shape, the better to see why Char was fascinating by painters ; how he belongs to a romanticized philosophy of nature while breaking away from it ; how, fanilly, his denial of teleological history considered as a hindrance to sovereignty led him to take a stand in his century
30
Poli, Jean-Dominique Battistini Yves. "Pour René Char : la place de l'origine /". La Rochelle : Rumeur des âges, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36703546t.
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31
Hafner, Josef. "René Char de la fureur au mystère /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614181n.
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Renfert, Christof. "René Chars tragische Lyrik". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974403466.
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Ville, Isabelle. "René Char, une poétique de résistance : être et faire dans les "Feuillets d'Hypnos /". Paris : Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40246732n.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Langue française--Paris 4, 2001. Titre de soutenance : Une poétique de résistance : être et faire dans les "Feuillets d'Hypnos.Bibliogr. p. 393-402. Index.
34
Sumnicht, Daniel W. "A computer model of a kraft char bed". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5476.
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Haghpanah, Kochesfahani Saied. "Particulate formation during black liquor char bed burning". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0004/NQ41196.pdf.
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Hammerton, James Michael. "Char slurries as a fuel for developing countries". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22165/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the thesis was to investigate if producing a slurry made from char particles could be used as a locally sourced alternative to diesel in developing countries for making electricity with engine generators. The lack of access to electricity in many areas of developing countries is seen as one of the biggest barriers to economic development. The research investigated all aspects of char slurry fuels including sourcing suitable feedstocks, conversion to char, micronisation and combustion in an engine. A slurry fuel testing facility was built for the purpose encompassing a small diesel engine generator, typical of what is available in developing countries for producing electricity. Analysis of a wide selection of chars made from several types of material showed that woody biomass was the most suitable for producing slurry fuels. The majority of chars made from agricultural residues were not suitable as the silicon content is likely to cause wear issues in engines. The grindability of chars made from biomass was good and the energy requirements to micronise to particle sizes suitable for an engine were small enough to make producing slurry fuels economically viable. It was recommended that low pyrolysis temperatures are used to make char for slurry fuels because they burn better in an engine whilst still having a high grindability. Two 10%wt. char-diesel slurry fuels were tested, one using a pyrolysis char, the other using a hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) char. It was found that the HTC char burned better, producing less CO, THC and soot than the pyrolysis char based fuel because the carbon was less recalcitrant. Issues were found with the engine when using slurry fuels, particularly the injector needle which would sieze. Investigating better injector design and engine construction materials is a priority to make slurry fuels viable for developing countries.
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Singer, Simcha Lev. "Gasification and combustion modeling for porous char particles". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74934.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Gasification and combustion of porous char particles occurs in many industrial applications. Reactor-scale outputs of importance depend critically on processes that occur at the particle-scale. Because char particles often possess a wide range of pore sizes and react under varying operating conditions, predictive models which can account for the numerous physical and chemical processes and time-dependent boundary conditions to which a particle is subjected are necessary. A comprehensive, transient, spherically symmetric model of a reacting, porous char particle and its surrounding boundary layer has been developed and validated. The model accounts for heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions, pore structure evolution, gas transport in and around the porous particle, thermal annealing, fragmentation and ash behavior. To model the pore structure evolution, an extension of the random pore model has been developed which allows different pore sizes to grow at different rates, depending on the instantaneous pore-scale reactant penetration at a given location within the particle. This is accomplished by incorporating pore-scale effectiveness factors, consistent with the random pore geometry, into equations for the growth of individual pore sizes. This framework allows the evolution of the char with local conversion to adapt to changes in boundary conditions (reactants, temperature) and the development of intra-particle gradients, rather than being pre-determined by the initial pore structure. The effects of char gasification reactions during oxy-combustion of pulverized coal are not fully understood. The single particle char consumption model is used with output from CFD simulations of high-volatile oxy-coal combustion to analyze representative regions and trajectories along which char particle burning occurs. These realistic, time-dependent boundary conditions are used to assess the importance of the gasification reactions to the overall rate of char consumption. As conversion proceeds, gasification reactions, when significant, can alter the location within the particle where char consumption occurs, further affecting the rate of conversion by inducing structural changes that can accelerate peripheral fragmentation.
by Simcha Lev Singer.
Ph.D.
38
Rabu, Franck. "Poésie et peinture dans l'oeuvre de René Char". Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT3036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette étude envisage l'inscription du pictural dans l'ensemble de l'oeuvre poétique de René Char. En repérant les indices de représentations picturales dans les poèmes de l'auteur, nous démontrons comment la peinture devient la texture du langage poétique. Après avoir effectué une typologie des textes picturaux de Char et une synthèse de ses critères esthétiques fondamentaux, nous avons envisagé à travers la description les enjeux de la perception visuelle dans l'espace des poèmes-tableaux. Conçue comme ornement et symbole, la référence picturale façonne implicitement une interpénétration entre poésie et création plastique. La fusion entre le mot et l'image est établie par Char mais sans que l'un des deux éléments ne se substitue à l'autre. Les poèmes peuvent être alors appréciés comme des tableaux animés où lignes, formes et couleurs traduisent les intentions de l'auteur. Si la vision picturale sert d'adjuvant au langage poétique, nous pouvons affirmer que Char instaure un lieu idéal où correspondent signes iconiques et marques poétiques. Les oeuvres des peintres du XXème siècle tels Picasso, Matisse, Mirô, de Stae͏̈l, Giacometti ou Lam ainsi que celles de la Tour ou Poussin entretiennent aujourd'hui encore des relations privilégiées et essentielles avec la poétique de Char.
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Wang, Shuai. "Evolution of Char Structure and Reactivity during Gasification". Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/48826.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of char structure on its gasification reactivity. FT-IR/Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to obtain detailed information about the structural features of char during the gasification of mallee wood biomass in oxidising and reducing atmospheres. The effects of biomass particle size, gasification temperature and atmosphere on the evolution of char structure were investigated.
40
Ardu-Doreau, Josiane. "Iconographie du char dionysiaque dans le monde romain". Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'ouvrage se compose d'un catalogue de 301 documents, d'une synthèse et d'un répertoire de dessins, organisé en une typologie du char dionysiaque. Le catalogue rassemble tous les objets et monuments de la vie quotidienne dans l'empire romain du 1er s. Av. J. -C. Au Ve s. Ap. J. -C. ; sarcophages, mosaïques, céramique, glyptique, orfèvrerie, tapisserie, monnaies. La synthèse analyse le véhicule, ses occupants, son attelage et le dieu Dionysos. Elle envisage la symbolique du char : symbolique victorieuse sur l'amour, sur la barbarie, sur la mort, dans le contexte funéraire des sarcophages. De plus elle présente Dionysos, dieu de la transgression comme un double du souverain.
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Johansen, April Doris. "Marker assisted selection for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) broodstock development /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54899.pdf.
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Komarova, Evgeniia [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Meyer, Bernd [Gutachter] Meyer e Olena [Gutachter] Volkova. "Brown coal char CO2-gasification kinetics with respect to the char structure / Evgeniia Komarova ; Gutachter: Bernd Meyer, Olena Volkova ; Betreuer: Bernd Meyer". Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://d-nb.info/1221069004/34.
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Sakaguchi, Masakazu. "Gasification of bio-oil and bio-oil/char slurry". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23347.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Economic utilization of biomass as a fuel has been limited by transportation cost. One suggested remedy to address the problems of processing biomass on a large scale is to pyrolyze solid biomass at numerous local sites and transport the resulting liquid or liquid/char slurry to a large centralized conversion plant. This research involves the gasification of biomass fast pyrolysis oil, so called bio-oil, and a slurry mixture of bio-oil and fast pyrolysis char into synthesis gas.
Kinetics of the reaction of steam with chars was studied using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer. Slurry Char was produced by pyrolysis of an 80 wt% bio-oil/20 wt% char mixture at nominal heating rates of 100–10,000°C/s. The resulting Slurry Char was subjected to steam gasification with 10–50 mol% steam at 800–1200°C. Reactivity of the Slurry Chars increased with the pyrolysis heating rate, but was lower than that of Original Chars. Kinetic parameters were established for a power-law rate model. Some measurements were initially done of gasification in CO₂.
A fluidized bed reactor, equipped with an atomization system, was constructed for gasification of bio-oil and slurry. The reactor contained either sand, or Ni-based catalyst. Experiments included gasification with pure steam and air. Effects of bed temperatures in the range 720–850°C, steam-to-carbon molar ratios of 2.0–7.5, and air ratios of 0–0.5 on gas composition and yields were tested. The carbon conversion of bio-oil to gas was found to be greater than that of slurry. The product gas composition was affected significantly by catalysis of the water-gas shift and the steam gasification. Greater yields of hydrogen and lesser yields of CO and hydrocarbons were found when catalyst was used. On a dry, inert-free basis, gases of up to 61% H₂ were obtained. The data were compared with a thermodynamic equilibrium model. The product gas yield was reasonably predictable by the model.
A mass and energy balance model of steam gasification in a dual-bed gasifier-combustor revealed that energy requirements are sensitive to the steam/carbon ratio and to the recovery of latent heat in the produced gas.
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Cousins, Ashleigh Jane. "Investigation of char reactivity on fluidised bed gasification processes". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421881.
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Massoumou, Omer. "L'écriture poétique de René Char depuis "Le nu perdu"". Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’écriture poétique de René Char depuis « Le nu perdu » est abordée dans une triple orientation qui porte premièrement sur les différentes formes de l'écriture poétique. Plusieurs bases théoriques sont mises en œuvre pour expliquer le vers, la prose ou l'aphorisme chez René Char. Deuxièmement, la poéticité de l'écriture poétique est analysée a partir d'approches dénotative et connotative de certains mots. Ces approches sont suivies d'une lecture des bandeaux vus comme texte meta-poétique et/ou para-poétique. Et enfin troisièmes l'écriture poétique est étudiée sous l'angle de la modernitéThe poetic writing of René Char since “Le nu perdu” is studied with a triple orientation. The first looks at various forms of poetic writing. Numerous theoretical bases, are used to explain the verse, prose, and aphorism of René Char. Secondly, the poeticism of the poetic writing is analyzed from denotative and connotative approaches of some notes. These approaches are followed by a reading of head-bands (bandeaux) regarded as meta-poetic and/or para-poetic texts. Finally poetic writing is studied from the stand point of modernity
46
Riou, Nathalie. "Se pencher sur l'obscur : la poésie de René Char". Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT3002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse a pour point de départ qu’un obscur, en nous et au monde, entre corps et esprit, est à dire. Et elle a pour horizon de montrer que la poésie approche intimement de cela qui nous dépasse car, parole la plus physique qui soit, elle semble la plus à même de dire cet autre de la pensée sans perdre pied. La parole lyrique de Char, à la jonction tendue du physique et de la métaphysique, interroge nos liens obscurs : entre vie et poésie, entre besoin et amour, le poème du désir, semble ainsi donner du jeu au réel. Le temps, lui, apparaît contradictoire entre présent fulgurant et méditation sur le nu perdu. Puis Char interprète de façon originale le lien fragile entre le sujet et le monde à travers une esthétique qui déplace la frontière entre récit et fragment. Enfin, son écoute de l’obscur est aussi une écoute si fine et si respectueuse du monde que son poème semble quelquefois, le temps d’un éclair métaphorique, donner sur une révélation, ou plutôt, une interrogation naturelleThis doctoral thesis stems from the need to express the obscure dimension within and without us, between body and soul. It strives towards showing that poetry, as the most physical form of speech, draws intimately near what is beyond us, for it seems the ablest to utter that Other without losing its grasp. Char’s lyric words, seaming the physical and the metaphysical, question our obscure ties—between life and poetry, need and love, the poem of desire thus lets loose the real. As for Time, it appears contradictory between the flashing present and the meditation on the lost nude. Then, Char interprets in an original way the delicate bond between the subject and the world through an aesthetics that shifts the boundary between narrative and fragment. Finally, his attention to the obscure is also so shrewd and respectful of the world that his poems sometimes seem to give way to an epiphany, or rather a natural interrogation, through a flash of metaphor
47
Makhadmeh, Leema al. "Coal pyrolysis and char combustion under oxy-fuel conditions". Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996033009/04.
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Schulz, Michael. "René Char, du texte au discours : trois lectures sémiotiques /". Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392719244.
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Hariharan, Dharmarajan. "Numerical modeling of chemical recovery from black liquor char". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2076.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 78 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78).
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Pietrobelli, Federico <1988>. ""Erba francese". Caproni traduttore di poeti (Apollinaire, Frénaud, Char)". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3126.
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