Tesi sul tema "Changement organisationnel – Effets des innovations technologiques"
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Greenan, Nathalie. "Changements organisationnels et performances économiques : théories, mesures et tests". Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0015.
Fréchet, Marc. "Les conflits dans les partenariats d'innovation". Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10082.
Although conflict within partnership is a recognized fact, only a few studies try to clarify it. In this thesis, we tried to enlight the conflict phenomenon in innovation partnerships. As a result, cultural differences, lack of competencies and more broadly differencies in partnership representations are positively related to conflict
Le, Loarne-Lemaire Séverine. "Les variables structurelles dans la formation des stratégies de convergence dans les télécommunication : une recherche action chez France Telecom". Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33032.
At the beginning of this millennium, the technical convergence is about to born. Nevertheless, how this opportunity can be transformed into innovative services by a multidivisional group, competing within the telecommunication industry. More precisely, how can we develop strategies of innovation, whose implementation requires the cooperation between the divisions of the group? This research, conducted within France Telecom, leads to two main results: Cooperation between divisions to generate new offers is multiform: It involves different kinds of divisions (product divisions, R&D division and distribution divisions), different resources. It raises different assets and is limited by different brakes. The multidivisional structure of the group limits the implementation of some strategies of innovation. This limit can be broken thanks to the coordination between the top management, middle managers from the R&D division and the distribution divisions and staff members from the distribution divisions. The role of these three different actors differs from the nature of the strategy of innovation: autonomous or deliberate. This thesis concludes that the development of strategies of innovation within multidivisional groups, whose structure is similar to France Telecom's one, can be achieved if the relation between R&D and distribution divisions and products divisions changes
Saint, Laurent-Kogan Anne-France de. "Informatique en réseau et dynamique des usages : le cas Ouest-France". Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20027.
We illustrate in this thesis the complexity of the relationship between technique and social environnement. Our research problematic place on the transdisciplinary of the information and communication sciences (ICS). Our theoritical framework is based on the works of the sociology of uses inside the ICS, of the sociology of innovation and of the labor sociology. We adopted a monographic method centered on one firm of the press : Ouest-France. We analyse the uses of net-connected computers by two different local editorial staff to understand the relationship between technique and social. In a first time, we restored these uses in their contexte. Indeed, the uses place on the ordinary work practices, but, to them understand we have to describe the last technological mutation. At this period, a specific relationship between technique and social is found, but, to it understand, we have to describe the historical contexte. Then, the analysis of uses is based on an ethnographic observation. Computers have transformed some trades and the net confuses the frontieres between professions. But, the analysis of uses show that the social building of professionnal interests, and the professionnal culture resist to the technical prescriptions. The technique can not, alone, transformes the professionnel organisation in an industrial sector. Nevertheless, the protentialities of transformation that come from the growing diffusion of computers, render this equilibrium very fragile
Moyon, Emilien. "Le changement du business model de l'entreprise : une étude des majors de l'industrie phonographique (1998-2008)". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12009.
Business model change emerges as a major issue for organizations today. It represents a key driver for innovation and a potential path to competitive advantage. However, research emphasizes the need for consistency which leads to greater performance for organizations. Therefore, managers are facing a dilemma: should the business model be changed for the sake of innovation or should the status quo be maintained to protect the firms’ profitability? Business models are defined as the configuration of choices that determine the way organizations create value and profits. The purpose of this research is to study the evolution of the business model configuration in the context of change. Insights are drawn from in-depth longitudinal case studies on the five main record labels, the « majors » who are facing a significant decline in CD sales. The analysis of 356 strategic decisions from 1998 to 2008 enables us to describe precisely the transformation of their business model. First, we identify four logics of change which represent multiple ways to transform the business model configuration. Second, our research emphasizes the dynamic of change by studying interactions and interdependencies between the components of business models. Lastly, we identify a series of internal and external factors that impact the trajectories of organizations. Furthermore, this research demonstrates the influence of the environment on change process
Tahssain, Loubna. "Etude des comportements d'usage des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) par les utilisateurs : une approche par le processus : cas d'un extranet dans le milieu universitaire". Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32079.
These last years have been highlighted by the rise of the power of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in all the fields and activities. The ICT play a crucial role to face the new logics which primarily lead to the development of the emergency concept and real-time. If the ICT produce effects as the share of information (Rice, 1984), the communication development (Reix, 1999) and the responsibility awareness of the users (Millman and Hartwick, 1987), these effects are not often systematic. Thus, a reflexion around the behaviors of the users deserves to be raised to understand the reasons behind the non continuous achievement of the objectives. ICT use is a complex concept that arise questions on the sense as well as on measurement. This implies a complexity of the vision that is completely dichotomist according to which the individuals adopt or reject technologies towards a temporary approach which they consider the use as a process likely to evolve and to change with time. Consequently, the objective of this research is to answer the following research question: What are the factors which influence the evolution of the process of the Extranet use by the users and make it possible to reach a continuous and constant use? Motivated by a will of exploring the ground of study and the technology little studied officially, this research bases its conclusions on a longitudinal case study in 6 universities in the PACA area. The discussion of the results exposes the factors which explain the under use of the technological system and recommends actions of intervention allowing a continuity of use in time
Deltour, François. "Satisfaction, acceptation, impacts : une analyse multidimensionnelle et contextualisée de l'évaluation individuelle des intranets : application au cas des utilisateurs d'intranets dans le secteur bancaire". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50374-2004-17.pdf.
Zaghmouri, Noura. "Innovations managériales et management de proximité au sein des organisations de santé". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0194.
The increasing growth of health expenditure, accentuated by changes in health needs, has inevitably led to the introduction of a budgetary constraint within hospitals. These budgetary restrictions, denounced by the health professionals, caused a real discomfort within the hospitals imposing to envisage organizational reforms. Managerial innovations have thus become a possible response to the hospital crisis. However, their implementation may be hampered by obstacles related to the structural complexity of health organizations and the plurality of actors involved in them. The literature highlights the key role of the proximity manager in helping to overcome resistance by supporting the creation of a sense of innovation.Our research aims to specify the methods of influence of the proximity manager on the implementation of managerial innovation and its adoption by the actors of the organization. Based on an intervention research carried out in immersion for six months in a Luxembourg hospital, we support the implementation of a managerial innovation, Lean Management, within an outpatient chemotherapy service faced with organizational difficulties.The results of the research highlight the influence of the local manager on the adoption of managerial innovation and reveal factors that moderate the ability to mobilize these levers. Structural adjustments and the introduction of managerial support for the manager's autonomy support his missions to deploy innovation
Lebrun, Anne-Cécile. "L'innovation managériale dans les petites et moyennes entreprises : le cas d’innovations managériales alternatives à l’organisation hiérarchique dans les PME en croissance". Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMOND001.
There is a growing interest from companies and academic research in Management Innovations (MIs) carrying a managerial philosophy alternative to that of the hierarchical organization. Their adoption by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) appears a priori unexpected given the specificities of SMEs, in particular their vulnerability and the strong centrality of the manager. The exacerbated context of the growth of the SME makes the adoption of such MIs all the more unexpected, as it brings multiple upheavals and destabilizing tensions, and pushes the SME to evolve towards a classical hierarchical organization. However, existing literature reports a small number of studies carried out on MIs in SMEs, and a fortiori on MIs that are alternative to hierarchical organization in growing SMEs, thus not shedding enough light on these phenomena. Therefore, as a first line of research, this doctoral work aims to identify the motivations that push growing SMEs to adopt a MI alternative to the hierarchical organization. From a dynamic perspective, our second line of research is concerned with the evolution of such MIs when the SME experiences a new phase of growth after its adoption. To answer these questions, our choice was to go with a qualitative methodology, a methodology that is consistent with our interpretative epistemological paradigm. We are studying three cases of growing SMEs as part of our first line of research, and two cases of SMEs experiencing growth after the adoption of a first MI as part of the second line of research. Our results show that the studied SMEs adopt MIs alternative to hierarchical organization because they refuse to evolve towards a hierarchical organization because of their growth. The hierarchical organization is perceived as distancing the company from its identity and its original values. They adopt such MIs with the intent of perpetuating their original values and history. Our second line of research shows that the two studied SMEs are setting up a second MI alternative to hierarchical organization in order to overcome the challenges brought by a new growth stage. This second MI is aligned with the philosophy of the first MI, philosophy that is congruent with the original values of the SME, values that it wishes to thereby perpetuate
Serret, Ysé. "Prise en compte de la dynamique industrielle dans les politiques de l'environnement : vers un mode de régulation entre incitation économique et démarche volontaire de l'industrie". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010034.
Falantin-Breton, Annie. "Aveuglement technologique et aveuglement libéral : singularités, analogies et interactions au sein des organisations". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1073/document.
This thesis was explores and analyses at organisational level:- the fact that certain technologies – however seductive and useful they are – intrude in our lives (intrusion and/or voluntary immersion) or are imposed on us without debate or criticism by market players and produce new forms of life : this is technological blindness; - the fact that while the political system should regulate and control, market forces dominate through new forms or centres of power ; globalisation and the financialised economy are manifestations of another type of blindness : liberalist blindness. Do these two types of blindness have analogies, particular features, links and interactions within organisations? If so, might this generate a phenomenon that has hardly been identified or studied : organisational blindness? My doctoral work answers these two questions in the affirmative
Crouzat, Pauline. "Collectifs de travail en ingénierie aéronautique : comment soutenir et développer l’activité collective en contexte de transformation organisationnelle et digitale ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2131.
Engineering knows an evolution of its organizational environment and of its tools (digitalisation). The development of collective activity is a valuable resource for health at work and for organisational performance (Caroly, 2010; Clot, 2010). That’s why it is necessary to preserve and protect it. Here, the objective is to determine conditions of activity that can participate to collective dynamics in engineering. Professionals involved are the key stone of this thesis.With our intervention research, we tried to identify the resources and the constraints of an efficient and significant collective activity for actors of engineering. Our working analysis combines two processes: understand to transform (interventional aim) and change to understand (epistemic and scientific aim).From a macro-organisational point of view, the first point is to identify socio-technical resources and constraints of collective activity. Then, we address personal experience, needs and expectations of actors in terms of collective dynamics (micro-organisational level); before designing and deploying interventions with them (meso-organisational level). Finally, we will see how it is possible to (re)-introduce a dialogical activity in the global work. This way permits to (re)-create opportunities for people to spot themselves in the ecosystem (team level) and to have a better understanding of shared practices and mutual expectations. To (re)-open the debate, focusing on the expression of people (rather than the information, only) can help actors to locate them in their work ecosystem and to fall within a matrix this system of work, over-equipped in terms of socio-technical tools
Ahmat, Al Saïd. "Actions et réactions stratégiques des firmes installées face à l’arrivée de plateformes numériques, le cas des écosystèmes d’affaires mobil banking et banques au Tchad". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIME004.
The objective of the thesis is to draw up recent theoretical contributions on strategic actions and reactions around business ecosystems and partly underpin our research problematic since we are focusing on a new organizational field carried by digital platforms. The particularity of these platforms is characterized by an organizational model based on a cooperative system or on a traditional capitalist system, driven by the search for profit. This research is part of the field of strategy and consists of studying the games of actors, relying more specifically on business ecosystems (abbreviated to ESA), a concept that appeared in the work of Moore (1993, p.76) and is defined as a set of "actors maintaining relationships of coopetition" (Koenig, 2012, p. 210). ESA refers to an economic community of organizations that interact with each other to produce goods and/or services that can create value for customers and for themselves. The ESAs we are studying are grouped around platforms called mobile banking (new entrants) and banking institutions (established firms). The problem that led to our thesis is to understand how the platforms have imposed themselves, by what strategic actions they have managed to make a place for themselves on the market and eventually dominate it. Our research field is Chad and our methodology is based on a qualitative analysis of a case study. The data collected will allow us to retrace the history of events and to study the discourses of the actors involved in the process at work by means of a manual analysis of the corpus. The proposals produced can shed new lighting on the strategic actions of the actors
Heckel, Thomas. "Effets de l'informatisation sur la productivité et la demande de capital humain". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139396.
Le premier article montre de façon comptable que l'utilisation et la production des TIC ont fortement contribué à la croissance dans les années 90 en France.
Le deuxième article propose une nouvelle méthode pour évaluer l'effet de l'informatisation sur la demande de capital humain. Celle ci est fondée sur l'estimation de la fonction de production et permet de traiter plus facilement les problèmes d'endogénéité. Elle conduit néanmoins à des résultats très imprécis.
Le troisième article examine l'effet des TIC sur la productivité. Les résultats suggèrent que l'adoption d'Internet affecterait la croissance de la productivité globale des facteurs dans les années 90 en France, via un effet sur l'efficacité des femmes et des employés qualifiés.
Le dernier article évalue l'effet de l'adoption des TIC sur la demande de capital humain. Il indique que les entreprises qui ont adopté ces technologies n'ont pas déplacé leur demande de travail en faveur des jeunes ou des qualifiés. Selon ces deux articles, l'impact des TIC ne dépendrait pas de l'utilisation ou de l'adoption de nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles.
Younis, Joumana. "Technologies numériques & émergence des nouvelles pratiques managériales au Liban". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1268.
This thesis will address and identify the effects of the Digital Technologies (DT) on the modified management modes. After having identified the organizational contexts that have passed throughout the history, especially pre-modern, modern and postmodern, the change is studied through the new spaces and issues of work. It comes out that the organizations with a high digital content and digital communications develop managerial practices that ensure their sustainability. The managerial innovation, the organizational agility, the collaborative work, collective intelligence, as well as other practices have been implanted on to more traditional aspects in form but actualized on the merits. The commitment and management styles that have been so strongly influenced by digital technology have led to practices that promote the benevolence while stressing further on the collaboration and the interactivity. The data collected from our empirical research show that the managerial practices of the Lebanese organizations are driven by the Digital Technologies (DT) similarly to the Northern countries, though with less amplitude they have led to innovative communication modes and efficient for the work relationships
Al, Hachem Catherine. "Les nouveaux challenges RH dans le développement organisationnel de la e-santé : Analyse de l’alignement stratégique du parcours patient par la pratique de l’apprenance dans deux établissements de santé". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3053.
The restructuring of complex organizations, such as those of health facilities, is strongly influenced by recent economic, technological and regulatory changes. To understand the impact of these restructuring movements, one must analyze the changes affecting the various hierarchical levels of the healthcare organization. Under the French socio-economic context, healthcare institutions are currently undergoing multiple strategic and operational transformations, which requires professionals to adapt their skills and capabilities accordingly. In fact, the impact of medical, technical and digital innovations is driving the concerned structures to emphasize value in their adaptations. For a successful implementation, it is necessary that concerned parties intervene. These latters are then encouraged to focus on updating the organization's strategy, improving human resources development and adjusting necessary patterns and processes. Therefore, this research relies on analyzing organizational performance from a strategic alignment perspective. We aim to examine the managerial expectations of a study sample of managers, professionals, and staff in a French hospital which are undergoing full reconstruction. The results of this qualitative study show the difficulty of managers to implement a successful patient pathway process. It also shows that technological transformations can be used to ensure a very high organizational performance allowing people to take advantage of various intelligent services
Ngo, Maï Stéphane. "Production et changement technologique : une contribution théorique". Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0005.
This research aims to propound some theorical basis to the evolution of industrial economics analysis. It is because traditional theory fails to model the fundamental role technology plays in the "irreversible" economic process that such basis are needed. The analysis of this provides our starting point. To deal with technology requires indeed a total recast of our conceptions. First, a classical "production approach", dealing with the creation of ressources, must be set up. Second, a "systemic and evolutionary" method must be undertaken. The new evolutionary theory of technical change underlines those points. It also provides an "appreciative framework", partly built upon "stylised facts", which provides, from an inductive-deductive point of view, an excellent guide for theorical analysis. Dealing separetly with technical progress, technical change, innovation, and combining them to behaviours such as "schumpeterian innovation-imitation" and "routine-learning", we intend to model economic activity through a succession of techno-economic paradigms
Xuereb, Jean-Marc. "La gestion des processus d'innovation". Paris 9, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA09A001.
Bigault, de Casanove Alice de. "Stimuler les relations d'innovation ouverte entre les grandes entreprises et les startups. Application à l’écosystème français". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0268.
"The whale has nothing to learn from plankton", this is how one could summarize the approach of the large groups vis-a-vis startups during the 20th century... However, following the 2008 crisis, the innovation policy of large groups integrates an approach to startups. The rapid pace of business evolution is stretching typical large corporation strategies. Hence, large corporations must seek to adopt an agile approach; borrowed from the startup approach. Rather than changing their own playbook; large groups aim to embrace open innovation as a way to evolve and meet any new business context. As a matter of fact, startups and large corporations have opposed strategies: startups are looking for product-market fit and exponential growth whereas large corporations are focused on optimization and profitability development. Yet, large corporations propose more and more open innovation plans targeting startups. In this thesis, we propose an analysis of the current practices in the corporate world to assess this apparent paradox. Thus, our central research question is: How to show the adequation between the needs of a startup and an open innovation plan of a large corporation by proposing a framework for a systematic and exhaustive analysis of the relationships between large corporations and startups? • What are the startups' needs? Are they evolving as the startup becomes more mature? • How to design tools for a systematic and exhaustive understanding of the open innovation plans and the support provided? • Is there an approach to identify the adequation between startup's needs and large corporation supports? We propose a maturity-grid-based framework to analyze the expected added value of open innovation measures proposed by large corporations. We build our grid on two scales: 1) on the type of engagement and relationships between large corporations and startups; 2) on the domains that the development of a startup should consider under the lens of the new ISO standards on innovation management ISO56000 series. We implement this framework for the French ecosystem (CAC 40 companies) with French startups survey and interviews of large corporations out of CAC 40 group. Finally, we validate our approach and findings with external stakeholders to our research. We have sketched several aspects of the large companies and startups interactions. Such interactions will increase in the near future, leading to new modes of cooperation especially after COVID-19 crisis. This work could serve as a basis for their future study
Mofakhami, Malo. "Étude des interactions entre dynamiques d'innovation et qualité de l'emploi : une relation déterminante au cœur des mutations du travail à l'œuvre au sein de l'Union Européenne". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E054.
This thesis investigates the relationships between innovation and job quality. Innovation is considered to be the main driver of economic growth, but technological change leads to significant mutations of employment and labor. As such, innovation represents a key concern for recommendations made by public authorities and international organizations. The multiple effects of innovation have raised new questions, since the recent period has been characterized by an intensification of innovation dynamics –specifically, the emergence of new technological cycles. This thesis adopts an empirical perspective, while relying on a theoretical framework inspired by the institutionalist and evolutionary approach. Job quality is considered from a multidimensional perspective, including working conditions, working hours and working duration, contractual quality, and wages. Similarly, innovation is analyzed in its complexity, in order to highlight the heterogeneous effects of innovation depending on the considered forms (strategy, type of innovation, degree of disruption, degree of novelty, etc.). This work provides additional support to a specialized and specific scholarship (within economics) that focuses on the relationship between innovation and job quality. While ascertaining that some innovations have direct positive effects on job quality, this thesis shows that indirect effects –as well as some forms of diffusion of innovation–deteriorate the contractual quality of jobs and working conditions. Moreover, innovation – whatever its form might be – is often associated with better contractual conditions (wage, stability), but also leads to an increase in working intensity and demands for employees.This thesis makes a key recommendation, in the context of intensified innovation dynamics and knowledge – based economic model – however, we also call for further work and improved data availability. In order to avoid the polarization of working conditions and the rise of inequalities, it is necessary to adapt redistribution and regulatory systems so that they would cope with the negative indirect effects of the diffusion of innovations, which cannot be fully addressed by current institutions
Raupp, de Vargas Eduardo. "La Dynamique de l'innovation dans les services : le cas des services hospitaliers, une comparaison Brésil-France". Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL12017.
Neves, Jorge. "La gestion de la communication dans les pratiques du changement technologique : réflexions à partir de trois études de cas". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0226.
Ben, Saâd Ghazi. "Towards a reconsideration of the concept of distance : from international management to the intra-organizational coordination of the firm". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR1EC03.
Sitnikoff, Françoise. "Culture de métier, changement technique et savoirs ouvriers : le cas de l'imprimerie". Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT3014.
The thesis studies the type-setter's craft in high-volume printing houses. More particularly, it deals with technological change and with professional culture. Its draws upon fieldwork carries out between 1985 and 1993, in three industrial printing-houses in the french provinces. The author examines the transformations brought about by the introduction of photo-composition, considering its impact as much on the work-posts (in terms of task content and flow,and what skills these necessitate), as on the representations and values of the type-setters culture. Also emphasized is the role of work-groups with their specific history and social structure-in acquiring new techniques and updating the trade. The research draws upon earlier work that has dealt with other aspects of this sector relations between printers and makers of equipment, with other aspects of this sector : relations between printed and makers of equipment, and between labor unions and professional training. Observable changes in the workshops are accounted for withen a larger framework of transformations in their environment and overhauls in the community of their profession. This broadening of the field of vision,together with the many returns to the field made possible by the length of the study, show that technological change participates in the dynamics of social construction in the printing trades
Quélin, Bertrand. "Changement technologique et diffusion des innovations : analyse du processus de diffusion de l'électronique et de l'informatique". Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA131004.
This thesis can be read as a theoretical analysis of the patterns of technical change in modern economies with an illustrative case study on electronic and data processing industries. A general theoretical task is the explanation of the determinants and directions of technical change. Because innovation and technical progress create industrial transformation and economic development, innovation diffusion, based on time and progressiveness, is an important theoretical concept. We have to go beyond the assumptions of schumpeterian analysis : innovation diffusion can't be limited to imitation, no technical change based on long waves. The thesis studies the main mecanisms of the innovation transmission, and analyses the fact that some sectors are generators of technology. External effects, leading activities and domination effects shape the direction of technological flows between sectors. These economic phenomenous are the main determinants of innovation diffusion. The diffusion pattern is subject to linkages between state, industrial corporatcs and small enterprises. The four main mecanisms of innovation diffusion are : -linkages between economic structures; -external effects; -joint-ventures; -and conflict between implicit coordination of market and explicit coordination generated by firms
Divry, Christine. "Le modèle en apprentissages généralisés des processus d'innovation : le cas d'offreurs spécialisés". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR1EC02.
Dethine, Benjamin. "Vers une méthode d'aide à la décision pour définir la stratégie numérique des PMEs industrielles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0003.
Recent studies have shown that small and medium-sized industrial companies are conscious that they need to engage their digital transformation in the coming years. However, the lack of tools adapted to their specific context to guide them in their transformation is a barrier to the adoption of new digital resources. This research study aims to solve this problem by proposing several contributions. First of all, a state of the art on digital maturity assessment models has allowed us to design an assessment model through the study of three dimensions: organizational, human and digital resources. The measurement of these dimensions is possible through the evaluation of the company's internal practices using maturity grids according to five maturity levels. All these elements constitute a digital maturity assessment tool adapted to the specific context of SMEs. Another contribution is the decision support method based on the results of the tool's 25 maturity grids. This method allows companies, in a few steps, to know their level of digital maturity and their significance, but also to visualize the practices to work on in priority to increase their maturity level. In addition, the company can influence the evaluation of practices by specifying a strategic development axis such as export. Coefficients specific to an export strategy are then applied. This method constitutes a guide for defining the digital transformation strategy of industrial SMEs. These tools and methods have been tested with French industrial companies
Viale, Thierry. "Les transformations du champ comme facteur d'émergence de l'entrepreneur innovant : Le cas du conseil en communication". Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2010. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01016609.
Ten years (1994-2004) it took Internet to access the legitimacy in the field of French communication consultancy. Its pioneers, the so called “digital natives”, young people full of audacity with few experiences, would have to fight hard and survive the crisis of the Internet bubble in 2000-2003 before being acknowledged as experts in a field where, historically, advertising people used to control everything. Today, everyone has the eyes on the "digital". The future strategies are guided by digital communication which appears to be a powerful lever for growth in the face to traditional media shunned by advertisers. By becoming the stake of the field, Internet has exacerbated tensions which have existed before between advertising and marketing services (direct marketing and sales promotion); creating opportunities for innovative entrepreneurship
Hussler, Caroline. "Espaces, externalités de connaissance et innovation : éclairages théoriques et empiriques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/HUSSLER_Caroline_2004.pdf.
This thesis aims at contributing to the spatial analysis of innovation, by examining the influence of non geographical spaces (i. E. Organised spaces) on the creation and diffusion of knowledge. We first present a survey about the relationships between spaces et innovation (chapter 1), in order to highlight that the empirical literature on the topic still concentrates on a geographical perception of space, despite the conceptual renewal, according to which space is a multidimensional human construct. Then, we analyse the explanatory power of cultural space on knowledge diffusion, thanks to an econometric analysis of knowledge flows within european countries (chapter 2). By showing that some non-geographical spaces play a role on knowledge diffusion, this chapter motivates us to test the simultaneous need of geographical proximity and non-geographical one to improve innovation. To do so, we examine the substitutability between geographical proximity and organisational one in the diffusion of knowledge, thanks to an analysis of the networks of inventors of a french university (chapter 3). Our results suggest that the actors' relational spaces partly explain the geography of the knowledge flows they exchange. We then seek to characterise more precisely the relational space used and built by french manufacturing firms for their innovative activities (chapter 4). These four chapters allow us to assert that organised spaces (which are not always positively correlated with geographical space) do play a catalytic role on knowledge flows. Knowledge spillovers do not seem to be in the airʺ anymore, but rather appear as intended. Thus, we integrate this idea of endogenous knowledge spillovers in a theoretical model of location choice (chapter 5), and exhibit a tendency for firms to locate far away from each other. Finally, our thesis shows that the benefits of geographical proximity have been overestimated in the literature detrimentally to the impact of others spaces
Amziane, Mohammed. "Mutation technologique et changement organisationnel : l'impact de l'information sur la gestion des bibliothèques municipales en France". Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100173.
France is late in comparison with other Europeans countries in public reading matter. This delay is characterized by an inadequate number of public libraries in France, and, also, by the situation of the French network public libraries. Since the end of 60, France is developing a courageous public reading policy. Data processing is going to reveal itself a good solution at the modernization of the public library management. After some first try, in France, at the beginning of 1980, appear new software solutions for the public library management system. Our experience with the software called Tobias and the data point network computer called arcnet, conduct us to think about the problems consequent to the introduction of data processing in the public libraries in France. Our problematic conducts us to analyze the technological mutation and organizational modifications engendered by the utilization of the new communication technologies
Quenault, Béatrice. "La prise de relais de l'énergie par l'information dans le processus de développement économique". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010066.
We are presently living through a final take over ; information succeds to energy as the driving force of the economic development. That means that the present period is characterized by the concertinaing of two concurrent modes of development, at the conjunction of which all the problems of our time can be met. This shift in the economic driving force inaugurates a whole new conception of the universe, that of the "creative destruction", standing for a renewed manner to conceive the evolution of economic systems and to view man-nature relationship. In light of this new paradigm, the major problems men have to face emerge from the confrontation of the two conflicting processes of creation and destruction that characterize both the evolution of the biosphere and the dynamic of the economic systems. As the appearance of global pollution threatens the ecological equilibrium of the earth, the issue of sustainable development raises the question of the harmonious insertion of economic development within the biosphere to maintain the durability of humankind. The current mutation, that imposes a change in the logics and alters the regulatiion mechanisms of the economic systems, brings to the fore the present socio-economic and institutional problems as problems of adaptation to the new economic forces in effect. The issue at stake is that of people's ability to conciliate these two processes of creative destruction, that is their aptitude for seeing to it that the mutation at work takes place with respect for sustainable development requirements. Facing new realities, people wouldnot reach that aim if they were to use the mere conventions and instruments of traditional economics. Economics must not only open to new theoretical fields, but it must also account for the phenomena within its own sphere that were hitherto neglected. In other terms, a thorough reflection must be carried out on broadened economics
Mayata, Mambueni. "Approche communicationnelle de conduite des changements technologiques dans les organisations : conception et évaluation de la M3CTI : méthode de conception et de conduite des changements technologiques liés à l'informatisation". Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA131017.
Technological change often cause profound disruptions in the working patterns of men and organisations. These changes are reflected in new attitudes, changing organisational structures and new roles for management and staff, but also in new job content. Technological progress. Particulary computerizing, leads men to design ever larger and more complex systems. But these systems also raise numerous and complex problems of assimulation and adaptation. It is therefore necessary to master the integration of new tools into existing structures. In practice this is rarely the case. However, often because current methods are inadequate. A new generation of methods is needed for the new generation of tools. Several methods exist for implementing change, but the inadequacy of current methods led us to propose the dynastic approach, which combines the controlled change approach and the spatial dimension. The spatial dimension involves analysing the organisation, the technical system and the social system from the point of view of contenu and relations. It makes for improved understanding of the organisation and its environment, which is essential to nay controlled change. The controlled change approach also takes into account all the scientific and technical knowledge required to operate the change. It is therefore an approach in which we identify : the different issues at stake, the project design and control aspects for supervising the implentation of the systems concerned. It takes into account the culture of the organisation and bets on work organisation, safety, reliability, ergonomics, quality ans management, communication, participation, selection, training and documentation, which are all essentiel and decisive elements in controlled change. Moreover, beyond these two aspects. The "dynastic" approach makes it possible to define the target situation and enter into negociations for an active commitment of the different parties concerned, at every level in the organisation. As a " meta-methode ", over all. Dynastic is the process to elaborate and manage change in computerizing projects. Dynastic, this pratical method, has a focus in concept of management change caused by computerizing. The application of dynastic in compterizing is "m3cti". Method of conception and management technological change caused by computerizing
Didierlaurent, Sylvie. "L'influence des politiques de ressources humaines et de la structure organisationnelle sur l'activite innovatrice des industries de moyenne dimension". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS1005.
Askenazy, Philippe. "Innovations technologiques et organisationnelles : internationalisation et inégalités". Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0A24.
For two decades, the inequalities have dramatically increased in most oecd countries, especially the u. S. The emergence of lean production in american manufacturing for the past fifteen years provides a new way of interpreting this phenomenon. Lean production is based on an intensification of work and is accompanied by an increase of occupational injuries and illnesses. Therefore, detailed occupational health statistics for manufacturing industries enable us to compute a proxy of reorganization : "i-reorganization". I-reorganization is not dependent on computerization, develops in high-wage sectors and may be the result of deunionization or the generalized implementation of fordism. It improves productivity dramatically. Labor decreases in the i-reorganized industries but i-reorganization is not skilled-employment biased. Computerization seems to be efficient only in i-reorganized industries. Gains sharing among production workers, non-production workers, profits and consumers is unbalanced and increases inequalities. Services have a similar experience. Moreover, the impact of internationalization is not bound to the comparative advantage mechanisms. Openness results in new markets for the exporting and innovator sector. Thus, it stimulates growth and favors skilled workers working in r&d, thereby increasing inequalities. A minimum wage may prevent such a rise of inequalities and enhance growth, but reduce manufacturing employment; nevertheless, if the gains from the innovator sector are large, the increase of personal services may compensate for these job losses
Boussair, Hakim. "Le processus d'apprentissage organisationnel : introduction d'une innovation managériale et dynamique de réseaux". Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090007.
Ba, Amadou Sidy Aly. "Une étude qualitative des conséquences humaines d'un changement organisationnel : le cas de l'automatisation des caisses dans un hypermarché". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G023.
Facing competition of new format, and evolution of consumer behaviours, retail (which is a major actor of French economy with a turnover of 233 billion euros and 635’000 of employees) use new technologies to increase its productivity. These innovations have major impact on the work of cashiers. Beyond transferring productive work to the costumer that is already emphasized by the service coproduction theory, cashiers are now required to assist consumer using service. This subjective engagement challenges behavioural scripts to the benefit of personalized relationship with the service recipient. The purpose of this research study is to analyse the organizational change, its managerial and operational implications in a contextualist framework. Through the process of change, it focuses on actor’s behaviour, adaptations of standards and its impact on the work of cashiers. This thesis is based on participative observation. From June 2008 to December 2011 the author worked as manager in a French supermarket. This approach leads him to grasp the difficulties of implementing self-checkout in their entirely technical, organizational, human and managerial skills. Analysis of professionalism occupational change of cashier reveals the complexity of the roles and the strengthening of interactions. This leads to conflict between employees and consumers, and intensification of the work of cashiers. Thus thesis shows that implementation of self-checkout is not only a technical issue. These changes interrogate diverse aspects of work organization, in particular human resource policy. In terms of recruitment for instance, in order to meet the requirements of the new job, and also for forming the older cashiers. More generally, this leads to question management practices in retail. From a management standpoint, the thesis reveals the need to increase the support of technological change. Without listening to the concerns of employees or consumers, resistance behaviour (as it happened in our fieldwork) led to the failure of self-checkout
Saulnier, Jean-Pierre. "Entre continuité régalienne et transformations organisationnelles : la gestion de l'innovation dans l'industrie française de défense. L'exemple de GIAT Industries (1971-2001)". Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0536.
Is it possible for the organisational change process of a company in the defence sector, evolving from a regalian model to a financial model, to be entirely free from the specific and contextual constraints imposed by a principal, when said principal comes from the political and diplomatic arena ? To come to terms with this issue, this thesis calls upon the writings of MINZBERG, PESQUEUX, LEWIN. These concepts are thereafter compared with a longitudinal case study of the normative continuities and transformations incurred in the innovative function of GIAT-Industries from 1971 to 2001. Taking the confrontation between the theory and the longitudinal case study as a starting point, the thesis analyses the dynamics of oscillation between these two archetypal models : the regalian model (inheritance) and the financial model (intention). By way of a conclusion, it proposes a third dialogical process-financial model and discusses the utilisation of the network concept within a European framework
Thoenig, Mathias. "Commerce international et dynamique des inégalités". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010008.
Deroy, Xavier. "A priori des modèles d'innovation et contingence massive de l'innovation en sciences de gestion". Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0434.
This research first aims to clarify literature about innovation by combining sociological and economic approaches. One of the main questions which is disclosed is the potential conflict between innovation and organization. It is often thought that it is possible to organize innovation. Management models of innovations rely on this assumption. Three types of models can be distinguished: integrative, statistical and monographic model. But the core argument of this thesis is to show that models of innovation are rooted in three implicit questionable a priori: mimetism, modelization of innovating action and scientific neutrality of these models. Hence, we argue that innovation is the place of massive contingency, despite some common but unsufficient organizing principles of explanation. Innovation implies specific knowledge and ability to create new relationships. To better understand it, we recommend that researches about innovation aim to elaborate local theories adapted to specific contexts described by monographies
Cordelier, Benoit. "Logiques de transaction en innovation organisationnelle : vers une heuristique sociotechnique du projet". Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782296966291.
Reengineering processes by introducing new technologies is one of the main purposes of an organizational change project. The deterministic approach of the matter has been overtaken by structurationnist ones in highlighting the fact that the relationship between social structures and technology is reflexive. But the latter theories still failed to render the strategic dimension of the introduction of an ICT in the organization. Their conceptualizing appropriation underevaluates the use of the normative and prescriptive attributes of technology. In order to improve this point, we offer a complementary approach of the technical object, not only considered as a reflexive social construction but also as a praxeologic mediator. Technology meaning not only emerges from its social appropriation, it is also oriented by the actor’s strategic use of it in enacting a specific normative attribute so as to promote the organizational vision he favours. The technical object which used to be a flexible and sensemaking actant has turned into a transactional lever. In this perspective we offer a theory on the sociotechnical object in organizational project. It relies on two discursive and tangible change systems articulating the different functions of the technical object (the normative object, the cognitive mediator object, the stabilized normative system, the dynamic normative system, the symbolic enacted system, the strategic enacted system) within the interactions between the actors and the organization. The object is thus used for a symbolic structuration of organizational transactions as well as for analyzing the dynamics of change
Teixeira, Bohrer Cariza. "La R&D et l'innovation dans les services : études de cas dans les hôpitaux universitaires du Brésil et de la France". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12019/document.
The particularities of services influence different elements on the innovation process. Although, the characteristics of the sector urge some questions related to research and development (R&D) activities. In this sense, we try to clarify the influences of these particularities in the characterization and definition of the dynamics of its R&D activities. Based on study cases from Brazilian and French university hospitals, this thesis tries to explain four convergent points. First, based on the definition of the product of services as a set of vectors, we propose an association between the dynamic of competences and different methods of knowledge processing, in a systematic way and with the purpose of solving scientific and technological uncertainties. Second, we associated service operations to the vector of technical characteristics. Third, the diversity of actors that compose the guiding forces of these dynamics was analyzed. Finally, some characteristics related to the R&D and innovation process were identified. The results demonstrated that the competences involved in the process of creating and increasing the stock of knowledge have theoretical and practical characteristics, but also organizational and relational ones. These competences, linked to a series of actors, trigger different service operations, which will support the knowledge processing. Therefore, it was possible to discuss some characteristics related to the R&D process and the different models of innovation found
Rochelandet, Fabrice. "Propriété intellectuelle et changement technologique : la mise en oeuvre du droit d'auteur dans les industries culturelles". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010070.
Morrar, Rabeh. "Public-private innovation networks in services". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12005/document.
Using both a theoretical discussion and an empirical illustration, this work shows that the INs, especially when they combine public and private service actors, are both a very important theoretical concept and a rising economic reality in service sectors. In the theoretical discussion, we develop a conceptual framework which describes the innovation process in the public-private innovation network in services (ServPPINs). The innovation is produced through the coordination mechanism between the four components of the framework: 1) the inclusion of public and private actors; 2) the dynamic process of interactions between network actors; 3) the existence of social relationships; 4) a network life cycle growth model. This conceptual framework considers the differences in the ServPPINs and their associated innovation output. In the empirical analysis, we employ Lyonbiopole as a case study to describe the innovation process under the conceptual framework of ServPPINs. Also, using French CIS 4 data, we test the effect of cooperation between public and private sectors (ServPPINs) on innovation output
Carré, Dominique. "Rapports sociaux, médiations technico-culturelles, et évolution de l'espace public : le cas du changement technique en entreprise". Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39007.
The aim of this study is to examine the technical, social, organizational, institutional, and political conditions to formalize a new mode for the social management of technical change in the company. It consists of three parts. The first part consists in discovering and assessing the technical, social, organizational and institutional conditions for the emergence of a new mode for the social management of technical change - analyse of the nature and purpose -. The second aims at describing and analysing the practical conditions to put this new management into practice on the basis of its main characteristics (original communication system - mediation, transaction and singular information processing mode - social assessement of techniques, social and technical information. . . ) - analysis of possibilities and limits -. The third consist in reflecting about the scope of the counterpower function and technical and cultural mediation in the company, during the desing, introduction and dissemination of information and communication technologies on the one hand, and in proposing a some
Missonier, Audrey. "La gestion dynamique du processus d'intégration post-fusion : La création d'une innovation conjointe dans le secteur des technologies de l'information et des communications". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0027.
Few works were specifically centred on the analysis of technological mergers, in order to create a joint innovation i. E. , the creation of a new resource based on the pooling of the specific know-how of the companies. The object of this research is to understand how and why, evolves a process of integration post-merger in the sector of the TIC, in order to create a technological innovation. With this intention, it was selected a qualitative step resting on the study of a single case of a merger. The step suggested highlights two fundamental elements neglected up to now by research listed: the dynamics of the model of integration and the choice of the mode of integration more appropriate to the realization of an innovation. The first underlines the possible passage between various policies of integration during the same operation of merger. The second suggests a process of slow and progressive training, processes permitted by a co-construction of the change. This research contributes a major share compared to the process current, while making it possible to improve the design and piloting of the process of integration meeting an aim of innovation
Ayerbe, Machat Cécile. "Innovation technologique et innovation organisationnelle : une analyse qualitative de P.M.E. innovantes". Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0078.
This research aims at studying the imbrication between technological and organizational innovations in high technology based SMEs. Although many studies acknowledge the alliance between technological and organizational dimensions of innovation, only a few really outline and study this phenomenon. A literature review on the relations between technology and organization emphasized the progressive transition from an exogeneous conception of technology and an adaptive conception of organization (mainly represented in the contingency approach) to studies which recognize the complementarity between technological and organizational innovations. Qualified as ± integrative α these last approaches also have weaknesses mainly due to the numerous definitions of concepts and the variety of organizations studied. Besides, they do not really tacke into account the nature of the relations between innovations. Regarding this literature, three research
Frissa, Nassima. "Internet physique : conditions de déploiement et intérêt au regard du développement d'une logistique durable". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A028.
The physical internet is an innovative concept that ultimately allows the reorganization of the supply chain into a single large open network through the interconnection of logistics networks in a standardized way, through collaboration protocols, with modular containers and by communication platforms. The study undertaken by this thesis focuses on the understanding of this new logistics network and the conditions of its deployment on the real plane based on the analysis of a set of logistical innovations that preceded it. The innovations selected all have a similarity to the physical Internet (one of its components). The chosen method was to understand the path of success and deployment of these innovations, for the one to compare with the physical internet. The innovations selected (containerization, pooling and freight exchanges among others) made it possible to conduct this analysis based on certain theories of innovation and the economy of services. The result is that one of the major obstacles to the deployment of the physical internet is its lack of maturity from a service point of view and the incomplete integration of all potential users of the new network (small players in particular) in the design of the service
Palaci, François. "Contribution ergonomique à l’analyse prospective d’innovations technico-organisationnelles dans les systèmes complexes". Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0032.
The success of the implementation of techno-organizational innovations into complex systems requires an ability to anticipate consequences of the intended evolutions. Human Factors take up this issue by putting forward methodological frameworks that aim at foreseeing future work practices. How can actual work practices and a future socio-technical environment be described, analyzed and modeled? How should these accounts be connected in order to envision future work practices? The critical issue is how to make a projection of actual work practices into the future socio-technical environment. An examination of available methodological frameworks shows that they can prove difficult to apply in cases where innovation projects, and the settings those projects deal with, present specific characteristics. An alternative framework to guide prospective analysis of innovations is proposed. Its different stages are: (i) characterizing the structuring dimensions of cooperative work; (ii) characterizing features of the future socio-technical environment and major assumptions underlying those features; (iii) making the connection in order to envision possible consequences of the environment evolutions. This methodological framework was tested in the context of a project that aims at improving the maintenance staff protection (tagout) socio-technical environment in a high-risk process industry. It enabled to highlight the importance of coordinative protocols, which shape an “ecosystem of protocols”, and the peripheral role of some other mechanisms, such as the production of mutual awareness
Poiron, Arnaud. "Les nouvelles compétences de la firme : processus d'apprentissage organisationnel et rôle des nouvelles technologies". Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131011.
The thesis rests on practical cases in company and on research tasks in industrial economy. We will refer to a vision of the company based on its competences and its knowledge. It registers the company in the action, in continuous processes of transformations and evolutions. The organization of the collective learning, knowledge and competences is a strategic objective for companies. This organization rests, today, mainly on data-processing tools. They transform the production process and the internal and external relations of the companies. They reveal of true chain of "administrative" production. The companies seek within the framework of their management of production, to pass from logic of loads to logic of flow. They transform apparently independent activities into continuous processes. The chain of "administrative" production becomes, therefore, optimized and subjected to the constraints of the industrial engineering of work. We try to propose a relevant framework of analysis to the industrialization of the services which integrates the various components of the organization. It is a question of improving the legibility of the roles and tasks of each one, working out a whole of indicators and measurements of performances and proposing an optimized organization. The company lay out, then, of an evolutionary cartography of its know-how and processes and technologies which support them. It perennializes a continuous improvement of the processes in term of productivity, quality and evolutionarity
Wankana, Kalea Miguel João. "Les transformations dans l'agriculture en Angola et le processus d'innovation". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL006.