Tesi sul tema "Chambre de projection temporelle"
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Ascher, Pauline. "Étude de la radioactivité deux protons de 54Zn avec une chambre à projection temporelle". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14376/document.
Testo completoThe study of nuclei at the proton drip-line is a recent and efficient tool to prove the nuclearstructure far from stability. In particular, the two proton radioactivity phenomenonpredicted in 1960 has been discovered in 2002. This PhD thesis concerns an experiment realisedat GANIL, in order to study the 2p radioactivity of 54Zn with a time projection chamber,developed for the individual detection of each proton and the reconstruction of their tracksin three dimensions. The data analysis allowed to determine the correlations in energy andangle between the two protons. They have been compared to a theoretical model, which takesinto account the dynamics of the emission, giving information about the structure of theemitter. However, due to the very low statistics, the interpretation of the results is limitedbut these results open very interesting prospects for further studies of nuclei at the limits ofthe existence
Ascher, Pauline. "Etude de la radioactivité deux protons de 54Zn avec une chambre à projection temporelle". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671779.
Testo completoAudirac, Laurent. "Etude de la radioactivité 2-protons de 45Fe avec une chambre à projection temporelle". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659079.
Testo completoGoigoux, Thomas. "Etude de la radioactivité deux-protons de 67Kr et développement d’une chambre à projection temporelle". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0706/document.
Testo completoTwo-proton radioactivity is a decay mode of proton-rich nuclei located beyond the proton nuclear existence limit (drip line). Predicted in the 1960s, this process was observed for the first time in 2002 in the 45Fe decay study. Only four two-proton emitters were known so far: 45Fe, 48Ni, 54Zn and 19Mg. A search for new emitters was performed with the EURICA- WAS3ABi setup at the RIKEN Nishina center in 2015. The decay of 59Ge, 63Se, 67Kr and 68Kr was observed for the first time. Two-proton radioactivity of 67Kr together with the beta and delayed proton decay of exotic nuclei in the region were studied. A time projection chamber (TPC) developed at the CENBG (2004-2011) enabled the study of the correlations between the protons for 45Fe and 54Zn. A second generation of TPC is under construction within the ACTAR TPC (ACtive TARget for TPC) collaboration. This detector enables a reconstruction in three dimensions of the energy deposited in the active volume which allows a more efficient reconstruction of the tracks as compared to the previous TPC. The generic electronics GET (General Electronics for TPCs) manages the processing and acquisition of the signals. The characterisation of the GET electronics and the TPC demonstrator at CENBG is devoted to the second aspect of this PhD work
Pibernat, Jérôme. "Conception d'une électronique de traitement de signaux de forte dynamique issus d'une chambre à projection temporelle". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13600.
Testo completoThe emphasis on many-particles radioactive decays requires a tracking detector like a Time Projection Chamber (TPC), which operating point can be set in accordance with the nucleides analyzed. The electrical model of such a detector reveals that, depending on its operating conditions and the nature of elements under study, the signals dynamic range can be up to more than five orders of magnitude. Consequently, an application specific processing system has to be designed. To meet the requirements of the experimental equipment, this system muste be integrated and its functional architecture muste be similar to the one of the prototype presented. The topology of the input stage of the protoype narrows the dynamics of the processing. The solution suffested to solve this problem consists in substituting this stage by a second generation current conveyor (CCII) with multiple outputs. The study of its linearity leads to predict the highest signal amplitude that it's able to process. A dynamic range greater than 1. 10(5) obtained in simulation with adapted filters. Optimization of this conveyor and filters coukd lead to extend even more this dynamic range
Lázaro, Roche Ignacio. "Design, réalisation et test in situ d’une caméra muon pour des applications en sciences de la terre et en génie civil". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4074/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is dedicated towards the creation of a new direction-sensitive tool for muon flux measurement based on a thin time projection chamber with a Micromegas readout, to achieve a compact detector with an angular resolution compatible with civil engineering and geophysics imagery and monitoring applications. The main motivation is to develop a detector capable to fill the technological gap for applications with compactness and transportability constraints. The dissertation provides a review of the different existing muon detection technologies and their diverse fields of application. Two muon imaging techniques are introduced: transmission and scattering muography. Transmission muography, more suitable for big targets, is based on the attenuation of the natural-occurring cosmic-muon flux due to the opacity of the material they traverse. This non-destructive, passive technique provides original information that can be used for imaging purposes. The work covers the methodology used towards the characterization of the incidental muon flux both on the surface and in underground conditions. A detailed description of the physical processes triggered by the passage of a muon through the detector is provided. Results of the simulations of the signal formation processes are presented and discussed to justify the design choices of the key components so as to meet performance requirements in term of temporal, spatial and angular resolution. The influence of operational or external parameters such as the gain, temperature or presence of contaminants is covered as well. The thesis describes in detail the principal phases of design and assembly of the MUST2 detector, including: (i) the design of the Micromegas readout layout, (ii) the choice of gas, (iii) the conception of an electric field homogenizer, (iv) the choice of the electronics instrumentation and its trigger signal, and (v) the creation of an auxiliary system to manage the gas. The versatility of MUST2 has been proved with the successful use of different trigger options and electronics. The data is acquired by means of software developed for the CERN’s Scalable Readout System electronics and subsequently analyzed with a muon trajectory reconstruction algorithm, which retrieves the: time of passage, 2D position, zenith and azimuth angles of the muons traversing the detector. The characteristics, performance and limitations of the data acquisition chain are presented and evaluated, a series of guidelines towards the improvement of its efficiency of are provided. A series of characterization tests has been carried out in different environments: controlled muon beam, open sky, at the bottom of a valley and in underground conditions. These tests have enabled a better understanding of the performance of the detector and allowed to tune up its operational parameters. Despite the weak statistics of the test runs, the measured muon flux has shown a good correlation with the surrounding target volumes. A campaign of measurements in real field conditions has been carried out at the Saint-Saturnin-les-Apt (Vaucluse, France) dam. The experimental results obtained are in consonance with the values anticipated by the digital model, the field transportability and the capability to perform long-term out-of-lab measurements have been demonstrated. On the downside, the impact of the external temperature on the data acquisition should be balanced out to get a steady acquisition and monitor the temporal evolution of the muon flux. In conclusion, the successful proof-of-concept trial allows to validate the MUST2 camera for transmission muography purposes
Wang, Wenxin. "Etude d’un grand détecteur TPC Micromegas pour l’ILC". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112099/document.
Testo completoThe study of the fundamental building blocks of matter necessitates always more powerful accelerators. New particles are produced in high energy collisions of protons or electrons. The by-Products of these collisions are detected in large apparatus surrounding the interaction point. The 125 GeV Higgs particle discovered at LHC will be studied in detail in the next e⁺e⁻ collider. The leading project for this is called ILC. The team that I joined is working on the R&D for a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to detect the charged tracks by the ionization they leave in a gas volume, optimised for use at ILC. This primary ionization is amplified by the so-Called Micromegas device, with a charge-Sharing anode made of a resistive-Capacitive coating. After a presentation of the physics motivation for the ILC and ILD detector, I will review the principle of operation of a TPC (Chapter 2) and underline the advantages of the Micromegas readout with charge sharing. The main part of this PhD work concerns the detailed study of up to 12 prototypes of various kinds. The modules and their readout electronics are described in Chapter 3. A test-Bench setup has been assembled at CERN (Chapter 4) to study the response to a ⁵⁵Fe source, allowing an energy calibration and a uniformity study. In Chapter 5, the ion backflow is studied using a bulk Micromegas and the gas gain is measured using a calibrated electronics chain. With the same setup, the electron transparency is measured as a function of the field ratio (drift/amplification). Also, several beam tests have been carried out at DESY with a 5 GeV electron beam in a 1 T superconducting magnet. These beam tests allowed the detailed study of the spatial resolution. In the final test, the endplate was equipped with seven modules, bringing sensitivity to misalignment and distortions. Such a study required software developments (Chapter 6) to make optimal use of the charge sharing and to reconstruct multiple tracks through several modules with a Kalman filter algorithm. The results of these studies are given in Chapter 7. The TPC technique has been applied to neutron imaging in collaboration with the University of Lanzhou. A test using a neutron source has been carried out in China. The results are reported in Chapter 8
Cotte, Philippe. "Le projet WA105 : un prototype de chambre à projection temporelle à argon liquide diphasique utilisant des détecteurs LEMs". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS246/document.
Testo completoThe WA105/ProtoDUνE-DP project is a prototyping experiment which goal is to test the Double Phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (DLArTPC) technology at large scale, to use it in the future neutrinos physics experiment DUνE. Scheduled for the end of 2026 in the USA, DUνE aims at measuring the neutrinos mass ordering and the leptonic CP symetry violation. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to tests and simulations of the detection and amplification elements of the WA105 detectors. The second part is focused on the analysis of cosmic muon tracks seen by a first prototype of 4t, operated at CERN in 2017. The DLArTPC technology is a variation of the LArTPC technology allowing for the amplification of the electrons extracted from the liquid phase to the gas phase. The Large Electron Amplifiers (LEMs) are 50x50cm² PCB plates with a thickness of 1mm, pierced by 400k holes of 500 microns diameter, covered on each side by a thin layer of copper giving a gain superior to 10. Part of this thesis work is about the simulation of electrons drifting through those LEMs to study the charge collection efficiencies. Another part of this thesis is about the measurement of important caracteristics (thickness, voltage stability) of the LEMs that are used in the 300t demonstrator of WA105, which commissionning was done in the end of August 2019. The gain is one of the main caracteristics of a DLArTPC, and it has been studied in the 4t prototype by detecting cosmic muons. Comparisons are done with previous results from 2014 from a smaller prototype of 3L, and a dedicated reconstruction program was created to analyse noisy events. The work done in the thesis allowed for a better understanding of DALrTPCs, mainly on the multiplication and drift of electrons. This knowledge will be important during the operation of the 300t demonstrator at CERN, and during the operationg of the DLArTPC module of DUνE
Tampon, Benjamin. "Qualification expérimentale de la μTPC LNE-IRSN-MIMAC comme instrument de référence pour les mesures en énergie et en fluence de champs neutronique entre 27keV et 6,5 MeV". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY083/document.
Testo completoIn France, the references associated to the neutron fluence and the deriva-ted dosimetric quantities are under the responsability of the micro-irradiation and neutronmetrology and dosimetry laboratory (LMDN)of IRSN. In order to improve the definition ofreferences in fluence and energy of the monoenergetic neutron fields, produced at AMANDEfacility, a micro-TPC gaseous detector, called LNE-IRSN-MIMAC, is developping in collabo-ration with LPSC.In a previous work, the detector was qualified for neutron fields in the energy rangebetween 27 keV and 565 keV. The objective of the present work is to extend the range of theμTPC above 1 MeV. The choice of the gas, the development of an analysis method and thedetector characterization allowed to validate the detector capacity to perform measurements inmonoenergetic neutron fields ranging from 250 keV up to 6,5 MeV with a relative uncertaintyof 3% and 2,5% respectively in energy and fluence
Gros, Marie-Hélène. "Calibration par lasers de la chambre a projection temporelle (tpc) de delphi et mesure des parametres du zo par l'etude de ses desintegrations hadroniques". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112101.
Testo completoNavrer-Agasson, Anyssa. "Direct dark matter search with the DarkSide Experiment". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/NAVRER-AGASSON_Anyssa_va2.pdf.
Testo completoThe existence of dark matter is known because of its gravitational effects, and although its nature remains undisclosed, one of the leading candidate is the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with mass of the order of 100 GeV/c2 and coupling with ordinary matter at or below the weak scale. In this context, DarkSide-50 aims to direct observe WIMP-nucleon collisions in a liquid argon dual phase time-projection chamber located deep underground at Gran Sasso National Laboratory, in Italy. This work first details the argon calibration realised by the ARIS experiment. ARIS characterised the argon response to low energy nuclear and electronic recoils, down to unprecedented energies. The nuclear quenching was measured with the best precision to this date, and the recombination probability extracted was compared to different models describing the behaviour of argon in presence of an electric field. A search for low mass WIMPs performed with DarkSide-50 data is also presented. This search focuses on the ionisation signal from the TPC, leading much to much lower detection threshold. The achieved exclusion limits are amongst the leading ones, and the most stringent for a liquid argon target. Finally a preliminary search for axions is presented. Axions are an alternative candidate to dark matter, proposed as a solution to the strong CP problem. They are detectable in DarkSide via their coupling to electrons. This search required the improvement of the modelling of the background sources, by taking into account atomic effects in beta emission spectra, as well as a redefinition of the energy scale converting the energy deposited into a number of extracted electrons. The results presented show an encouraging sensitivity to both solar and galactic axions
Wang, Wenxin. "Etude d'un grand détecteur TPC Micromegas pour l'ILC". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00854414.
Testo completoAntilogus, Pierre. "Calibration de la TPC de DELPHI pour la mesure du dE/dx : étude des oscillations des mésons beaux dans DELPHI". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077003.
Testo completoThe TPC (Time Projection Chamber) of DELPHI which gives 16 tridimensional space-points for each charged track, is fondamental in the reconstruction of L. E. P. Events with complex topology. This detector with its measurement of the energy lost by particles in the Ar/CH4 mixture, permits also separation between electron and pion at 3 standard deviations below 7. 5 GeV. In this thesis we develop the control of systematic errors in the energy lost measurement. More precisely, we present results on the 12 TPC proportional chambers calibration. With these measurements we can use the identification power of the TPC in the best condition. In the second part of this thesis, we develop different methods on the beauty meson oscillation measurement. We estimate the possibility for the DELPHI detector in this sector. Particularly, we introduce the differential measurement of the oscillation which seems to be the only method to have access to the maximal mixing of the B⁰s √ B⁰s mesons
Macaire, Michael. "Etude des oscillations de neutrinos muoniques en neutrinos électroniques auprès de l'expérience T2K". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077251.
Testo completoT2K is a long baseline neutrino experiment currently running in Japan, which aims at measuring the mixing angle 013. The experiment uses a high intensity beam of muon neutrinos, and observes the oscillations into electron neutrinos, ve, at the Super-Kamiokande detector, 295 km away from the neutrino source. This thesis presents a measurement of the intrinsic beam contamination in electron neutrinos, which is the dominant background when looking for this kind of oscillations. As an introduction to the analysis, the T2K experimental setup is presented, as well as the first published T2K oscillation results. The beam contamination measurement is made from a data set taken in 2010 and 2011 by the near detector of the experiment, located at 280 m from the beam source. Selection criteria are defined to create two samples of charged current electron neutrino interactions and charged current vii interactions, in order to calculate the ratio of the number of interactions and estimate the beam contamination. The result is in agreement with the beam simulation and shows a contamination in ve of the order of 1%. This thesis also contains a study of the alignment of the MicroMegas modules on the near detector TPCs. It is shown that misalignments between modules can introduce a bias in the momentum mea-surement of the charged particles crossing the TPCs. Cosmic ray data is used to determine the relative misalignments between modules and correct the related effects in the event reconstruction
Caiulo, Davide. "Charge readout analysis in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers for neutrino and astro-particle physics". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1065/document.
Testo completoThis is an important period for High Energy Physics: many recent results, including the Higgs discovery and its characterization, confirm the Standard Model. A crucial point for the future of Particle Physics is the study of neutrino masses and mixing representing the first established evidence of physics beyond the SM. Since 2011, the large value of the ?13 mixing angle opened the way to the investigation of CP violation in the neutrino sector. A next generation long baseline neutrino experiment (DUNE) has unprecedented potential to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters, determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and has a very good chance to discover evidence for CP violation in the leptonic sector. The large underground neutrino detectors needed for this task will also address the search for proton decay and the observation of supernovae neutrinos. Giant Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr TPCs) will be employed as neutrino targets and detectors. They provide bubble-chamber quality imaging coupled to excellent energy resolution and particles identification capabilities. Neutrino interactions produce secondary particles, which ionize the liquid argon. The ionization electrons drift for long distances along a uniform electric field until they reach finely segmented and instrumented anodes, producing electrical signals that are used for 3D imaging and analysis of the primary interactions. The dual-phase readout technique foresees the amplification of the ionization signal in avalanches occurring in the gas phase above the liquid argon level. This technique further enhances the performance of the LAr TPC by increasing its signal to noise ratio. The subject of thesis is the ionization charge reconstruction and analysis in the dual-phase LAr TPC: the ionization charges measurement provides information about the kinetic energy of secondary charged particles produced in neutrino interactions. In this way, it is possible to reconstruct the incoming neutrino energy, identify and reject electromagnetic shower generated by photons from pi0 decay and perform particles identification from the measurement of the specific ionization losses.The measurement of the ionization implies a detailed knowledge of the detector response and of the reconstruction algorithm. In order to achieve this knowledge a detailed analysis of the simulated energy losses has been performed by studying the differences between the theoretical knowledge and the simulation
Cai, Dingbang. "Contributions to instrumental developments for the XEMIS2 camera, on-board ionization and scintillation measurements". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0408.
Testo completoThe work described in this thesis focuses on the evolution of nuclear medical imaging, from fundamental imaging techniques to current innovations, with a particular focus on the XEMIS2 camera. This liquid xenon Compton camera is designed for 3-gamma imaging of small, low-activity animals. The main objective of XEMIS2 is to localize in three dimensions a radiopharmaceutical labeled with a specific radionuclide, such as Scandium-44, while reducing the administered activity without compromising image quality. The thesis then focuses on the development and performance of the XEMIS2 camera. It covers the operational principles of the liquid xenon time projection chambers (LXeTPCs), the use of the Frisch grid to improve the performance of the ionization chambers, and the complex process of calibrating the scintillation signals in XEMIS2 using the Time over Threshold (TOT) method. Efforts to optimize calibration results are also discussed. By summarizing these technological and methodological advances, the thesis provides a historical perspective and a prospective analysis of the potential impact of these technologies on medical diagnostics and research
Giganti, Claudio. "Particule Identification in the T2K TPCs and study of the electron neutrino component in the T2K neutrino beam". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112334.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the measurement of the electron neutrino appearance with the T2K experiment. T2K is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment that is taking data in Japan. The neutrino beam is produced by an accelerator in JPARC and neutrinos are observed in a Near Detector, ND280, before the oscillation and in the far detector, SuperKamiokande, after the oscillation. The aim of this thesis is the measurement of the intrinsic electron neutrino component of the beam with the Near Detector. The main detector used in this measurement is the ND280 TPC. The first part of the thesis describes the method developed for the particle identification in the TPCs: the PID method is based on the measurement of the truncated mean of the charge deposited by the particles crossing the gas. The PID capabilities of the TPCs have been tested analyzing the beam test data: these data have been taken at TRIUMF where we had a beam composed by electrons, muons and pions with momenta up to 400 MeV/c: the analysis of these data confirmed that the resolution on the deposited energy in the TPCs was of the order of 7%. When the first data of the T2K experiment were available, a first measurement of the electron neutrino component in the near detector has been done. To perform the analysis, a sample of neutrino interactions in ND280 was selected: this sample was mainly composed by muon neutrino interactions as the electron neutrino is expected to be 1 % of the total number of neutrinos in the beam. The selection of both, electron and muon neutrinos, allowed a first measurement of the electron neutrino component in the T2K beam
Lamblin, Jacob. "Performances du détecteur MUNU et Perspectives en vue de la détection des Neutrinos Solaires". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001532.
Testo completoChaus, Andrii. "Searches for Dark Matter particules and development of a pixellized readout of the Time Projection Chamber for the International Linear Collider (ILC)". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112300.
Testo completoThe International Linear Collider (ILC) is planned to be the next major project in the High Energy Physics. ILC is proposed to have two detectors, namely International Large Detector (ILD), and Silicon Detector (SiD). This thesis is done in the framework of the ILD. One of the main components of the ILD detector is the Time Projection Chamber (TPC). This PhD thesis concentrates on the development of TPC readout, based on integration of the Micro-pattern gas detectors (Micromegas) and CMOS pixel chips ("Timepix"). This new type of device is named "InGrid". Main requirements for "InGrid" is to achieve sensitivity to single electrons and a very high spatial resolution (~30 μm). In TPC one reconstructs tracks using 2D-charge profile on the TPC endplate and the third coordinate is derived from the drift time information. In Saclay mini-TPC was built. Using this mini-TPC, several prototype "Ingrid" detectors have been tested in the course of this PhD. In addition, 8-chips system named “Octopuce” was built to develop track reconstruction algorithms. We have performed several measurements using laboratory radioactive source in Saclay. In addition, the large modules were tested at a Large TPC Prototype (LP) in a test beam area at DESY. Results with two different modules were presented. Obtained results well agreed with theoretical prediction. The existence of Dark Matter provides a strong indication for the appearance of new phenomena near the electroweak scale, and the popular WIMP hypothesis is out there to be tested. Since the couplings of WIMPs to different species of Standard Model particles are a priori unknown, the investigation of WIMP production in e+e- collisions is fundamentally complementary to production in pp collisions or direct detection of primordial WIMPs scattering on nucleons. In this work we investigate the discovery (or exclusion) reach of the ILC based on the production of a pair of WIMPs, which recoils against an energetic photon from initial state radiation. We show that the ILC can discover this signature even if annihilation to electrons provides only a small fraction of the total dark matter annihilation rate in the early universe. We translated the sensitivity into mass scales of various effective operators and showed that the WIMPs mass and couplings can be measured at the percent level in case of an observation. Furthermore, WIMPs studies on ILC are complementary to current LHC in the mono-X final states, because they test WIMP-lepton coupling. LHC studies WIMP-proton coupling at the scale of 1 TeV. ILC could reach limits up to 2 TeV on the contact interaction scale Λ for the vector operator by using an integrated luminosity at 500 fb⁻¹, at the center-of-mass √s = 500 GeV with unpolarized beams. Moreover, proper polarization configurations allows to improve sensitivity for the Dark Matter searches at the ILC, assuming WIMPs pair couple differently to electron and positron for different operators
Scarpelli, Andrea. "Performances studies of the dual-phase Liquid Argon TPC for the DUNE experiment and analysis of the 4-tonne prototype detector data". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7159.
Testo completoThe 4 10 kt Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr-TPCs) of the future DUNE experiment will enable precise measurements of the oscillation parameters and the discovery of CP violation for leptons, thanks to their excellent 3D imaging capabilities coupled with a high resolution calorimeter. One or more modules of the DUNE detector may exploit a dual phase (DP) LAr-TPC that, relying on the extraction of the charge produced in the liquid volume and its subsequent multiplication in argon gas, will increase the expected granularity and energy resolution. This thesis work present the simulation and reconstruction strategies of charged particles in a dual-phase LArTPC in the context of the DUNE experiment and its preliminary validation using cosmic ray data from the CERN 4 t demonstrator
Gizzarelli, Francesco. "Mesure du rapport des sections efficaces d'interaction des neutrinos sur les noyaux d'oxygène et de carbone, à partir des données du détecteur proche ND280 de l'expérience T2K". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS259.
Testo completoThe Standard Model of particle physics describes the interactions of subatomic particles through the strong, weak and electromagneticinteractions. However, it is known that this theory is not a complete description of the nature. Indeed the observation that neutrinos can change their flavor alongtheir propagation path (neutrino oscillation) proves that they actually have a mass. The work of this thesis has been performed in the T2K oscillation experiment: a long baseline experiment located in Japan. % detailed in Chapter ref{sec_t2k_res}.Using the data collected so far, T2K has been able to observe for the first time the $nu_{mu} rightarrow nu_e$ appearance and to give first results on the Charge-Paritysimmetry in neutrino oscillation. It provides also precise measurements of the oscillation parameters θ₁₃ , θ₂ ₃, Δm²₂ ₃.The precise measurement of oscillation parameters requires a good understanding of the detector and of the neutrino interaction model. This thesis is thus focused on boththese aspects: reduce the detector uncertainties and improve our knowledge of neutrino interactions with matter.The CEA Saclay group where I am involved, is in charge of the maintenance and operation of the Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) of the T2K near detector (ND280)which are used to identify and measure the kinematics of the charged particles produced in neutrino interactions.Part of my work was focused on the study of the TPC and in particular on the alignment of the MicroMegas modules instrumenting their readout planes.Indeed, misalignments between modules may cause a bias on the momentum measurement of the particles crossing the TPC.Neutrinos are studied through the observation of the final state of their interactions with matter. Therefore, the interactionmodels need to be extremely well understood to infer the neutrino properties correctly.Indeed current and next future oscillation experiments are approaching the phase of precise measurements of the mixing parameters becominglimited by our knowledge of neutrino interactions.The charged current quasi-elastic (CCQE) interaction is the most relevant process at T2K.This manuscript describes the measurement of CCQE cross-section ratio between oxygen and carbon nuclei. It can contribute to reduce the uncertainties on the oscillation analysis arisingfrom the different target between the near and far detector
Agnes, Paolo. "Direct search for dark matter with the DarkSide experiment". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC279/document.
Testo completoA wide range of observational evidence suggests that the matter content of the Universe is dominated by a non-baryonic and non-luminous component: dark matter. One of the most favored candidate for dark matter is a big-bang relic population of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The DarkSide program aims to the direct detection of WIMPs with a dual-phase liquid argon TPC and a background free exposure. The first phase of the experiment, DarkSide-50, is running since Oct 2013 and has (46 ± 0.7) kg active mass. A first run, with an atmospheric argon fill (AAr), provided the most sensitive limit ever obtained by an argon-based experiment. The current run, with an underground argon fill (UAr, depleted in Ar-39), represents a milestone towards the construction of DarkSide-20k, a low-background dual-phase TPC with a fiducial mass of 20 t. This work is been mainly devoted to the description of G4DS, the DarkSide Monte Carlo simulation, and to its applications. G4DS is a GEANT4-based simulation, it provides the geometry description of each detector of the DarkSide program, it is tuned to reproduce the DarkSide-50 response at the percent level and incorporates a custom model for ionization and scintillation mechanisms in liquid argon, tuned on real data. The principal applications of the simulation include the estimate of the neutron and gamma backgrounds for DarkSide-50, the measurement of the Ar-39 depletion factor in UAr with respect to AAr and the design studies for DarkSide-20k
MEZZADRI, CENTENO TANIA. "La modelisation et la projection spatio-temporelle dans les systemes d'information geographique". Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30166.
Testo completoBienstock, Simon. "Étude de la violation de CP dans le secteur leptonique avec l'analyse combinée d'oscilaltions de neutrinos et d'anti-neutrinos dans l'expérience T2K". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS415.
Testo completoNeutrino physics is currently one of the most rich areas of high-energy physics, and neutrino oscillations in particular are opening the door to a new physics, beyond the standard model. In this context, the measurement of all mixing angles as non-zero offers the possibility of studying a possible violation of CP symmetry in the leptonic sector. The purpose of the T2K experiment, located in Japan, is to study these neutrino oscillations in the muon neutrino and anti-neutrino beam at J-PARC. The purpose of the T2K experiment, located in Japan, is to study these neutrino oscillations in the muon neutrino and anti-neutrino beam at J-PARC. Two channels thus studied: the disappearance of the muon (anti-) neutrinos of the beam and the appearance of (anti-) electronic neutrinos 295km further in the detector Super-Kamiokande. The measurement of the oscillation parameters involves a measurement of the number of events in the far detector, and requires a good modeling of the neutrino flux and interaction rate. These models are constrained before oscillation in a near detector, ND280, helping to greatly reduce the associated systematic uncertainties. T2K is the first experiment to show evidence of CP violation in the leptonic sector with a 2 sigma CL exclusion of CP conservation. In order to improve this constraint, a second phase of the experiment is proposed with an upgrade of the near detector in order to reduce the impact of systematic uncertainties on the cross section models
Hourlier, Adrien. "Background studies for electron anti-neutrino oscillations measurement at the Double Chooz experiment". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC192/document.
Testo completoDouble Chooz is a reactor anti-neutrino experiment which measures the θ13 mixing parameter in the neutrino oscillation phenomenon thanks to two identical underground detectors located at different distances from the two reactors of the Chooz nuclear power plant in the French Ardennes. The Far Detector started data taking in April 2011 and the Near Detector began operations in January 2015. This thesis presents an analysis of both the single- and twodetector phases. Neutrinos interact in Double Chooz through inverse β decay on protons, where positron and a neutron are emitted, creating two coincident signals. Analyses were performed for each detector on independent samples using the neutron capture on Gadolinium or on Hydrogen. A combined analysis, using both neutron captures is also presented. Backgrounds to the neutrino sample originate from the ambient radioactivity and the abundance of atmospheric muons (cosmogenic (β-n) emitters, fast neutron showers, and muons stopping and decaying inside the detector). This thesis focuses on developing techniques for measuring and reducing the Stopping Muon background. With colleagues from APC and MIT, a 60 litre neutron TPC was installed in both underground laboratories at Chooz. This low pressure He/CF4-based time projection chamber, called DCTPC, measures the flux, energy spectrum and direction of fast neutrons in both locations, with different overburdens (150 and 300 meters water equivalent for the Near and Far Laboratories respectively)
Mauss, Benoit. "Réactions élastiques et inélastiques résonantes pour la caractérisation expérimentale de la cible active ACTAR TPC". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC226/document.
Testo completoACTAR TPC (ACtive TARget and Time Projection Chamber) is a next generation active target that was designed and built at GANIL (Grand Accélérateur d'Ions Lourds). Active targets are gaseous targets in which the gas is also used to track charged particles following the principles of time projection chambers (TPC). The TPC of ACTAR has a segmented anode of 16384 2 mm side square pixels. The high density of pixels is processed using the GET (General Electronics for TPCs) electronic system. This system also digitizes the signals over a time interval, enabling a full 3D event reconstruction. An eight time smaller demonstrator was first built to verify the electronics operation and the mechanical design. ACTAR TPC's final design was based on results obtained with the demonstrator which was tested using 6Li, 24Mg and 58Ni beams. The commissioning of ACTAR TPC was then carried out for the case of resonant scattering on a proton target using 18O and 20Ne beams. A track reconstruction algorithm is used to extract the angles and energies of the ions involved in the reactions. Results are compared to previous data to determine the detection system performances. Comparing the commissioning data with R matrix calculations, excitation functions resolutions in different cases are obtained. The use of ACTAR TPC is validated for future experiments. Furthermore, alpha clustering was studied in 10B through the resonant scattering 6Li + 4He, carried out with the demonstrator. Two resonances at 8.58 MeV and 9.52 MeV are observed for the first time in elastic scattering with this reaction channel
El, Baba Ibrahim. "Contributions numériques en compatibilité électromagnétique impulsionnelle. Paradigme pour la caractérisation temporelle d'équipements". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720219.
Testo completoDastgheibi, Fard Ali. "Étude d’un détecteur sphérique gazeux pour la recherche d’événements rares à bas seuil en énergie". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112297/document.
Testo completoThe Spherical gaseous detector (or Spherical Proportional Counter, SPC) is a novel type of a particle detector, with a broad range of applications. Its main features in- clude a very low energy threshold which is independent of the volume (due to its very low capacitance), a good energy resolution, robustness and a single detection readout channel. SEDINE, a low background detector installed at the underground site of Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane is currently being operated and aims at measuring events at a very low energy threshold, around 40 eV. The sensitivity for the rare events detection at low energy is correlated to the detector background and to the decreasing the level of energy threshold, which was the main point of this thesis. A major effort has been devoted to the operating of the experimental detector. Several detection parameters were optimized: the electric field homogeneity in the sphere, keeping clear of sparks, the electronic noise level and the leak rate of the detector. The detector is optimized for operation with a high pressure stable gain. The modification of the shield, cleanings of the detector and the addition of an anti-Radon tent have significantly reduced the background of SEDINE. Progress has increased the sensitivity of the detector at low energy up to a value comparable to the results other underground research experiences for the low mass WIMPs. We will present the results with a measured background in the region of keV, which has allowed us to show a competitive figure of exclusion for the production of light dark matter
Baba, Ibrahim El. "Contributions numériques en compatibilité électromagnétique impulsionnelle. Paradigme pour la caractérisation temporelle d'équipements". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22232/document.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis concerns the use of time techniques for impulsive ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) applications, mainly for Modes Stirred Reverberation Chamber (MSRC) studies. Contrary to approaches from frequency domain, obviously well-fitted for studies in resonant cavities, the main idea of this thesis was to study an original time method for MSRC investigation to propose new paradigms for equipment characterization. Originally developed in acoustics, the Time Reversal (TR) process recently applied to electromagnetic waves allows focusing it both in time and space. The process quality is even higher if the propagation environment is reverberant. Thus, the Reverberation Chambers (RC) are an ideal locations for TR implementation. After a study of parameters involved in the TR process coupled with the definition of specific numerical methods, the applications of TR in MSRC are exposed. In particular, the interest of selective focusing for radiated susceptibility tests is demonstrated. The importance of absorption and diffraction coefficients for MSRC equipment justifies their accurate and efficient characterization. To this end, the implementation of a temporal calculation of the Total Scattering Cross Section (TSCS) in RC is detailed. The application of this new technique to different forms of stirrers allows finally to face these results with those obtained from standard EMC test
Le, Fur Gwenn. "Contribution aux méthodes de mesure de rendement d'antenne. Caractérisation par ''ULB Wheeler Cap'' et via le retournement temporel en chambre réverbérante". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469361.
Testo completoCordier, Carole. "Approches pétrogéochimique et géomathématique de la cyclicité magmatique en contexte d'accrétion océanique : de la fusion partielle aux séquences de réalimentation/vidange des réservoirs crustaux". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00158336.
Testo completoDans un premier temps, un modèle géomathématique a été élaboré afin de retracer l'évolution d'une chambre magmatique soumise à une réalimentation fluctuant de manière sinusoïdale au cours du temps. L'application de ce modèle à un site naturel nécessite de contraindre l'amplitude des variations chimiques des laves par un échantillonnage de qualité ainsi que d'autres paramètres géologiques, impliquant quant à eux de nombreuses hypothèses sur la géométrie et l'état physico-thermique du réservoir magmatique. L'approche géochimique de ce modèle a été appliquée à trois sites naturels, la dorsale Est Pacifique (EPR), le propagateur du Bassin Nord Fidjien et la dorsale Juan de Fuca (JdF). Par deux fois, les compositions en éléments en trace incompatibles des liquides de réalimentation déduites du modèle géomathématique ont reproduit celles calculées sur des bases expérimentales. Pour deux des sites (EPR et JdF), les périodes des cycles de fonctionnement du réservoir magmatique ont également pu être déterminées (750 et 1000 ans pour l'EPR et la dorsale JdF, respectivement). Ce modèle géomathématique permet ainsi de caractériser les flux instantanés de magma au sein des réservoirs et complète les études géomorphologiques et géophysiques estimant quant à elles la périodicité de l'apport magmatique moyen, du manteau vers la croûte.
La seconde partie du mémoire porte sur les dykes et les coulées volcaniques affleurant à l'extrémité sud de la dorsale JdF, le long des flancs de la Dépression Ouest Blanco. Les compositions isotopiques Sr-Nd des échantillons ont permis de caractériser un manteau hétérogène sous la zone de fracture Blanco, constitué de péridotites très appauvries, proches d'un pôle mantellique pur, veinées de matériel plus enrichi. Le régime cinématique de cette zone, évoluant de la propagation à l'accrétion, semble avoir permis la refusion à l'axe de la dorsale JdF d'un manteau résiduel, ayant préalablement fondu sous un segment en propagation. Parallèlement, l'analyse des zonations des phénocristaux et xénocristaux de plagioclase a mis en évidence des phénomènes de mélange entre des magmas dacitiques riches en eau et des magmas basaltiques. Les fluctuations de l'indice de différenciation Mg# en fonction de la position stratigraphique de laves cogénétiques ont permis d'expliquer ces mélanges en terme de réalimentation épisodique du réservoir magmatique. L'application du modèle géomathématique suggère que le magma réalimentant le réservoir correspondrait à un MORB-N basaltique (Mg#~68,5).
Dans le troisième volet, les laves étudiées ont été prélevées transversalement à l'axe de la dorsale Centrale Indienne vers 19°S, une zone cinématiquement complexe de part la possible contamination du manteau supérieur indien par le point chaud de la Réunion à ces latitudes. Les compositions isotopiques Sr-Nd des laves ont mis en évidence une fluctuation significative de la nature de la source mantellique au cours du temps. Certaines compositions convergent vers celles des basaltes de la ride volcanique hors-axe Gasitao et reflèteraient ainsi une interaction entre le point chaud de la Réunion et la dorsale. Néanmoins, une telle interaction ne pourra être confirmée qu'après l'acquisition des compositions isotopiques en plomb de ces échantillons. La majorité des rapports isotopiques Sr-Nd des laves du profil nécessite cependant de considérer un composant mantellique enrichi additionnel, dont la nature reste à contraindre mais qui s'exprimerait également au niveau de l'île volcanique Rodrigues. Par ailleurs, afin de reproduire l'enrichissement en éléments incompatibles de certains de ces échantillons il est nécessaire d'envisager une covariation du degré de fusion et de la nature de la source. La distribution des laves enrichies le long du profil suggère alors une fluctuation du degré de fusion au cours du temps, à première vue périodique (période de 200-250 Ka).
Santamaria, Clémentine. "Quest for new nuclear magic numbers with MINOS". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112153/document.
Testo completoThe MINOS device has been developed until mid-2013 for in-beam γ spectroscopy of very exotic nuclei from proton knockout reactions. It is composed of a thick liquid hydrogen target to achieve higher luminosities and a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to reconstruct the vertex position and compensate for the thick target effect on the Doppler correction.The Time Projection Chamber has been developed with the expertise of CEA-IRFU in gas detectors and Micromegas detectors. At first, different solutions for the TPC were tested in a test chamber with an α source and cosmic-ray measurements. Cosmic rays were detected for the first time using the test chamber in early 2013 and validated the use of a Micromegas detection plane. The first TPC prototype was finished in May 2013, and we used a cosmic-ray bench to estimate the effiiciency of the TPC. The MINOS device was then shipped to Japan and an in-beam performance test was performed at the HIMAC medical facility (Chiba, Japan) with two thin targets instead of the thick hydrogen target to validate the tracking algorithm and the vertex position resolution. A tracking algorithm for the offline analysis based on the Hough transform has been developed, tested with the data, and compared with simulations.The first physics campaign using MINOS took place in May 2014 with SEASTAR. It focused on the first spectroscopy of ⁶ ⁶ Cr, ⁷⁰,⁷²Fe, and ⁷⁸Ni. The analysis of the ⁶⁶Cr spectroscopy revealed two transitions, assigned to the two first excited states. An interpretation with shell model calculations shows that the maximum of quadrupole collectivity occurs at N=40 along the Cr isotopic chain.⁶⁶Cr is still placed in the Island of Inversion region of N=40 and the shell model calculations as well as comparison with HFB-based calculations suggest an extension of this Island of Inversion towards N=50 below ⁷⁸Ni. The analysis of ⁷⁰,⁷²Fe performed by C. Louchart (TU Darmstadt, Germany) reveals the same trend as for Cr isotopes, with a maximum of deformation at N=42. The full data set and our shell-model interpretation suggests a large collectivity for neutron-rich Cr and Fe, possibly up to N=50, questioning the robustness of the N=50 shell closure below ⁷⁸Ni
Vandebrouck, Marine. "Première mesure des résonances géantes isoscalaires dans un noyau exotique riche en neutrons : le 68Ni avec la cible active Maya". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872712.
Testo completoLagarde, François. "Caractérisation de détecteurs à plaques résistives de verres de basse résistivité en vue de la mise à niveau de CMS". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1217/document.
Testo completoThe installation of new resistive plate chamber detectors (RPCs) in the 2 most remote sectors (RE3 / 1 and RE4 / 1) of the CMS End-Caps is planned during the Phase-2 CMS upgrade in 2024. Glass Resistive Plate Chambers (GRPC) with low resistivity glass as electrodes have been proposed to equip these sectors. These detectors should sustain these zones' particle rate. The aim of this Thesis is to study and characterise these detectors, their associated readout electronics and their behaviour under radiations.Two ways of building half size chambers by tesselation of glass plates with maximal size 32*30cm² have been developped. A new PCB with strips readout read by dedicated ASICs (PETIROC2A) without eta segmentation is also described. It allows, thanks to a 25 ns time-resolution TDC to estimate the particle crossing position on the strip with a resolution of the order of cm. This manuscript describes all these devices and discusses the devices' performance measured in beam tests done at the CERN PS and SPS accelerator and at the Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). This study shows that the low resistivity glass, though able to sustain the particule rate, is not the best option for the CMS upgrade. On the contrary, the tested electronic has been proven to fit the CMS upgrade requirements and is now considered as the baseline of the CMS End-Caps RPC upgrade project
Rannou, Klervi. "Tessellations à base de champs aléatoires gaussiens. Application à la modélisation spatiale et temporelle de l'endothélium cornéen humain". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM032/document.
Testo completoTessellations, also called mosaics, are used to model many structures, for example cellular arrangements in biology or grains in material science. The most known tessellation is the Voronoï diagram which partitions the space from a set of points, called germs. The innovative approach of this thesis is to use Gaussian random fields to generate germs and random distances. The use of random fields allows to simulate a great variety of tessellations in terms of cells forms and sizes.To study the properties of each type of tessellation, they are characterized: first, by studying the germs, including their spatial distribution, and then by analyzing the cells geometry and morphometry. These tessellations are also compared to other known tessellations.The human corneal endothelium is a mono-layer of cells forming a regular hexagonal mosaic at birth, and losing his regularity later. The corneal graft quality is given by some observations made on the endothelial mosaic (cells density, the homogeneity of cells sizes and shapes).A database of endothelium images allows to characterize the evolution with age of the corneal mosaic. The originality is to estimate the age of an endothelium based on the measures computed to characterize the tessellations, and finally to set up a promising method to evaluate if a corneal evolution is normal
Kuo, Li-Chen. "Le noir comme invention du cinéma : matière, forme, dispositif". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA118/document.
Testo completoEven though black is the antipode of light it is nevertheless inseparable from the world of cinema. What is black in cinema? A figure of shadow or darkness in the image that is also present as such. Black without representation and with its singular physical reality. This blackness is above all a technical condition which is hidden but which plays a decisive role in the production of optical illusions and the creation of fiction. It is also omnipresent in the entire process of making the cinematographic image. Black plays with light and conditions visibility and invisibility. In this sense it invents cinema. Black also offers another way of understanding what cinema is and how it works. This study will first deal with the material aspect of photography: photochemical blackening and the ideas it suggests as a process of image formation and dissolution. I will then portray the different effects produced by black- the black shape a rhetorical and mechanical tool. When it intervenes as a form in the image, of the image, and between the image. Finally, I will discuss how black can be an invading device of the screen and the projection space and reveal its role as a visual spectacle apparatus: the construction of an access to illusion and revelation. Each part of this outline will be dealt with in a historical, technical and aesthetic way. We will see in particular in artistic and experimental attempts that the emphasis on black makes it possible to reveal the characteristics of the cinematographic medium or even to re-invent cinema. This quest for blackness is revealed as a quest for the nature of cinema. A nature that the film industry is trying to erase. Black makes you see but it makes you see differently
Ait, Assou Manal. "Synthetic aperture imaging and spectroscopy in the terahertz range using time domain spectroscopy system". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/437c1676-13e9-4b65-9ff5-95b93ac02ca3/blobholder:0/2024LIMO0008.pdf.
Testo completoLes techniques d'imagerie et de spectroscopie térahertz offrent de vastes applications dans le control non destructif ou le contrôle de qualité dans la manufacture industrielle, la pharmaceutique et la biologie, l'archéologie ou encore le monde de l’art. Pour ces applications, la technique de spectroscopie térahertz dans le domaine temporel (THz-TDS) permet une analyse sur une bande passante instantanée très large (0.1-6 THz), mais nécessite généralement de déplacer mécaniquement l’échantillon à imager dans le plan focal du faisceau THz. Le travail de cette thèse porte sur l’adaptation d’un banc THz-TDS pour l’imagerie et la spectroscopie des échantillons fixes, en se basant sur le principe d’un radar à synthèse d’ouverture (SAR), en transmission. En utilisant cette technique, on démontre une reconstruction d'image en 3D avec une résolution inférieure au millimètre de plusieurs échantillons différents. Pour remédier au temps d'acquisition prolongés, un échantillonnage spatial lacunaire est proposé, réduisant les éléments du réseau synthétique et améliorant la vitesse d'acquisition. De plus, les données reconstruites ne sont pas uniquement utilisées pour l'imagerie mais permettent également la caractérisation des paramètres optiques matériaux (l'indice de réfraction et le coefficient d'absorption) constituant l'objet imagé dans la bande de fréquence de reconstruction. Ainsi, la technique proposée permet la cartographie spectrale 2D de l'indice de réfraction à diverses fréquences térahertz. Enfin, la méthodologie proposée est appliquée à l'imagerie de sortie de guide d'ondes térahertz, illustrant sa grande flexibilité et ses vastes domaine potentielles d’utilisation
Cerna, Cedric. "MUNU : Etude de la diffusion neutrino electron". Phd thesis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000912.
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