Articoli di riviste: "Chalinolobus gouldii"

1

Chruszcz, Bryan, e Robert M. R. Barclay. "Chalinolobus gouldii". Mammalian Species 690 (luglio 2002): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1410(2002)690<0001:cg>2.0.co;2.

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2

PARNABY, HARRY E., ANJA DIVLJAN e GLENN HOYE. "A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia". Zootaxa 4778, n. 1 (13 maggio 2020): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.1.5.

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Abstract (sommario):

The taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 has remained uncertain since its synonymy with mainland Australian Gould’s Wattled Bat C. gouldii (Gray, 1841) in 1971. Although Chalinolobus neocaledonicus is now widely accepted as a valid species, this was based on a tentative taxonomic opinion published in 1995. We examined most of the original material used to justify synonymy with C. gouldii, which included the type series of C. gouldii venatoris, a small northern Australian form that superficially resembles C. neocaledonicus but is currently not generally recognised as a valid subspecies. We found consistent differences in key diagnostic external and cranial criteria that support species status for C. neocaledonicus. We also review the taxonomic status of venatoris. Contrary to previous assessments, our re-interpretation of the taxonomic literature supports subspecific recognition of venatoris. Nevertheless, we are unable to conclusively resolve the status of venatoris because a more complex pattern of variation than a simple latitudinal size cline is apparent in C. gouldii. We argue that recognition of venatoris as the northern subspecies of C. gouldii has merit, pending a comprehensive analysis of variation in mainland C. gouldii to test for the presence of cryptic taxa.

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Griffiths, Stephen R., Linda F. Lumsden, Robert Bender, Robert Irvine, Lisa N. Godinho, Casey Visintin, Danielle L. Eastick, Kylie A. Robert e Pia E. Lentini. "Long-term monitoring suggests bat boxes may alter local bat community structure". Australian Mammalogy 41, n. 2 (2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am18026.

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Bat boxes are often used to provide supplementary roosting habitats; however, little is known of their impacts on community composition. Data collected from a 25-year box-monitoring and 31-year harp trapping case study provides preliminary evidence that the installation of boxes may have contributed to one species, Gould’s wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii), dominating the bat community of a periurban park in Melbourne. This highlights the need for systematic monitoring and empirical assessment of conservation-focused bat box programs.

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4

Stawski, Clare, e Shannon E. Currie. "Effect of roost choice on winter torpor patterns of a free-ranging insectivorous bat". Australian Journal of Zoology 64, n. 2 (2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16030.

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Gould’s wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii) is one of only three native Australian mammals with an Australia-wide distribution. However, currently no data are available on the thermal physiology of free-ranging C. gouldii. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the effect of roost choice on daily skin temperature fluctuations during winter in C. gouldii living in an agricultural landscape in a temperate region. Ambient conditions consisted of long periods below 0°C and snow. Some individuals roosted high in dead branches whereas one individual roosted in a large cavity located low in a live tree. Torpor was employed on every day of the study period by all bats, with bouts lasting for over five days. The skin temperature of individuals in the dead branches tracked ambient temperature, with skin temperatures below 3°C on 67% of bat-days (lowest recorded –0.2°C). In contrast, the individual in the tree cavity maintained a larger skin-ambient temperature differential, likely influenced by the internal cavity temperature. Our study presents the lowest skin temperature recorded for a free-ranging Australian microbat and reveals that roost choice affects the thermal physiology of C. gouldii, ensuring survival during periods of cold weather and limited food supply.

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5

Jones, G., e C. Corben. "Echolocation calls from six species of microchiropteran bats in south-eastern Queensland." Australian Mammalogy 16, n. 1 (1993): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am93006.

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Echolocation calls were recorded from six species of microchiropteran bats (Rhinolophus megaphyllus, Miniopterus australis, M. schreibersii, Eptesicus pumilus, Chalinolobus gouldii and Scotorepens greyii) in the Brisbane area. All species were recorded in free-flight when searching for prey in the wild, with some also recorded in roosts and in the hand. Sonagrams are presented for use in species identification.

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Codd, Jonathan R., Nicola C. Slocombe, Christopher B. Daniels, Philip G. Wood e Sandra Orgeig. "Periodic Fluctuations in the Pulmonary Surfactant System in Gould’s Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus gouldii)". Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73, n. 5 (settembre 2000): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/317745.

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7

Tidemann, CR. "Morphological Variation in Australian and Island Populations of Goulds Wattled Bat, Chalinolobus-Gouldii (Gray) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)". Australian Journal of Zoology 34, n. 4 (1986): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860503.

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Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to demonstrate that C. gouldii increases in size from north to south and, to a lesser extent, from west to east. There is little difference between the sexes in most dimensions. Although significant differences exist between animals from localities widely separated geographically, multivariate analyses suggest that C. gouldii once occurred over most of mainland Australia, Tasmania, Norfolk I. and New Caledonia. The species appears to have become extinct or very rare in recent times on Norfolk I.; the possibility of re-introduction is discussed.

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8

Sanderson, K., e D. Kirkley. "Yearly Activity Patterns of Bats at Belair National Park, In Adelaide, South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 20, n. 3 (1998): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98369.

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Bat activity was surveyed at Belair National Park, Adelaide and an adjacent house in Glenalta, March 1996 to March 1997, using the Anabat system. 44 bats of 6 species (Chalinolobus gouldii, C. morio, Vespadelus darlingtoni, V. regulus, V. vulturnus, and Nyctophilus geoffroyi) were captured, providing positive identification of calls. Three additional species were recorded (Tadarida australis, Mormopterus planiceps and an unidentified species). At Playford Lake, Belair, 2522 bat calls were recorded in 35 h, with most calls from V. darlingtoni (76.3% of total). At Glenalta, 1521 calls were recorded in 238 h, with most calls from C. gouldii (69.2% of total). V. darlingtoni, V. regulus and M. planiceps showed significantly more activity at Playford Lake, Belair, a wooded site beside a lake, than at Glenalta, a suburban site with artificial lighting, while activity of C. gouldii and T. australis was similar at the two sites. Most bats showed significant lower activity in winter, apart from V darlingtoni, which was active all year round at Belair. Nocturnal temperatures during the study varied from 6-31°C. The activity of most bat species showed no significant correlation with temperature, apart from C. gouldii at Belair, which averaged 1.2 passes per hour below 13°C and 9.3 passes per hour above l3°C.

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9

Rueegger, Niels, Ross Goldingay, Brad Law e Leroy Gonsalves. "Testing multichambered bat box designs in a habitat-offset area in eastern Australia: influence of material, colour, size and box host". Pacific Conservation Biology 26, n. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18092.

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Bat boxes are frequently used as conservation and habitat-offset measures, yet their effectiveness is equivocal, particularly in Australia. Boxes used in Australia are largely voluminous-type boxes with Chalinolobus gouldii (Gould’s wattled bat) frequently dominating their use. We tested multichambered boxes comprising fissure-type cavities made from either plywood (~20000cm3) or woodcement (~7400cm3). We investigated whether occupancy was influenced by box colour (white boxes facing morning sun versus black boxes facing afternoon sun), box material/size, chamber width (15mm versus 20mm) and box host (tree versus pole). Boxes were monitored over 1.8 years. Overall, 245 bat observations were recorded. Boxes were frequently used (15% of 1088 box checks) by Nyctophilus geoffroyi (lesser long-eared bat), a species uncommonly reported to use boxes, which used 50 of the 64 boxes (78%), including for maternity roosting (n=6). In comparison, C. gouldii was rarely detected (1% of box checks). Two other species were also found in boxes at low frequencies. Modelling showed a preference by N. geoffroyi for black boxes, the larger plywood box and boxes installed on poles. Fissure-type boxes appear to meet the roost requirements of N. geoffroyi but not that of C. gouldii, the species principally detected in voluminous-type boxes and postulated to gain a competitive advantage. The black woodcement box was the second most frequently used design, demonstrating that this long-lasting box material can be a suitable alternative to the less durable plywood material. Given that just one species commonly used boxes, there is a need for further research on box designs.

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10

Godinho, Lisa N., Linda F. Lumsden, Graeme Coulson e Stephen R. Griffiths. "Network analysis reveals cryptic seasonal patterns of association in Gould’s wattled bats (Chalinolobus gouldii) roosting in bat-boxes". Behaviour 152, n. 15 (2015): 2079–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003315.

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Tree-roosting bats are highly social mammals, which often form fission–fusion societies. However, extensive, fine scale data is required to detect and interpret these patterns. We investigated the social structure of Gould’s wattled bats, Chalinolobus gouldii, roosting in artificial roosts (bat-boxes) over a continuous 18-month period. Network analyses revealed non-random associations among individuals in the roosting population consistent with a temperate zone fission–fusion social structure. Females generally showed stronger associations with roost-mates than did males. Two distinct sub-groups within the larger roosting population were detected. There was also evidence of smaller subunits within these larger roosting groups in spring and summer, with broader mixing at other times of the year. The extensive roost occupancy data collected across all seasons was critical in defining this fine scale, and otherwise cryptic, social structure, and in particular indicating that associations observed during peak activity periods may not be maintained across the year.

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11

Godinho, Lisa N., Jemma K. Cripps, Graeme Coulson e Lindy F. Lumsden. "The Effect of Ectoparasites on the Grooming Behaviour of Gould's Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus Gouldii): An Experimental Study". Acta Chiropterologica 15, n. 2 (dicembre 2013): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/150811013x679080.

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12

Austen, Jill M., Esther Van Kampen, Siobhon L. Egan, Mark A. O'Dea, Bethany Jackson, Una M. Ryan, Peter J. Irwin e Diana Prada. "First report of Trypanosoma dionisii (Trypanosomatidae) identified in Australia". Parasitology 147, n. 14 (28 settembre 2020): 1801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020001845.

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AbstractTrypanosomes are blood-borne parasites that can infect a variety of different vertebrates, including animals and humans. This study aims to broaden scientific knowledge about the presence and biodiversity of trypanosomes in Australian bats. Molecular and morphological analysis was performed on 86 blood samples collected from seven different species of microbats in Western Australia. Phylogenetic analysis on 18S rDNA and glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) sequences identified Trypanosoma dionisii in five different Australian native species of microbats; Chalinolobus gouldii, Chalinolobus morio, Nyctophilus geoffroyi, Nyctophilus major and Scotorepens balstoni. In addition, two novels, genetically distinct T. dionisii genotypes were detected and named T. dionisii genotype Aus 1 and T. dionisii genotype Aus 2. Genotype Aus 2 was the most prevalent and infected 20.9% (18/86) of bats in the present study, while genotype Aus 1 was less prevalent and was identified in 5.8% (5/86) of Australian bats. Morphological analysis was conducted on trypomastigotes identified in blood films, with morphological parameters consistent with trypanosome species in the subgenus Schizotrypanum. This is the first report of T. dionisii in Australia and in Australian native bats, which further contributes to the global distribution of this cosmopolitan bat trypanosome.

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13

Hosken, D. J., J. E. O'Shea e M. A. Blackberry. "Blood plasma concentrations of progesterone, sperm storage and sperm viability and fertility in Gould's wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii)". Reproduction 108, n. 2 (1 novembre 1996): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1080171.

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14

Young, R. A., e G. I. Ford. "Bat fauna of a semi-arid environment in central western Queensland, Australia". Wildlife Research 27, n. 2 (2000): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98071.

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The results from a survey of bats in semi-arid Idalia National Park, central westernQueensland, are presented, with an analysis of habitat use, species richness, seasonal activity and reproductive patterns. Fourteen species were recorded: one megachiropteran, and thirteen microchiropterans in eight genera and three families. Significant range extensions were recorded for Vespadelus vulturnus, V. finlaysoni and Nyctophilus gouldi. Capture success using harp traps was unusually high, with 859 bats of nine species captured in 27 trap-nights (31.4 bats per trap-night). Two species (Chalinolobus gouldii and Scotorepens greyii) comprised almost 75% of all captures in harp traps. The remaining five species were recorded by means of echolocation call detection, cave searches and incidental observations. Bat species richness, abundance and capture success was greatest in riparian woodland and open forest adjacent to water; over 97% of captures in harp traps occurred at these sites. Breeding in most species appears to follow a seasonally monoestrous pattern with the ovarian and spermatogenic cycles being asynchronous. Sex ratios were close to parity but with a slightly higher proportion of females in some species in autumn. Females were generally larger and heavier than males.

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15

Oneill, MG, e RJ Taylor. "Observations on the Flight Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Tasmanian Bats". Wildlife Research 13, n. 3 (1986): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860427.

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Observations were made on the flight patterns and foraging behaviour of Tasmanian bat species, by the use of light tags and the release of individuals at dusk while it was still light enough to see clearly. Four distinct foraging patterns were observed, each being characteristic of a pair of species. These pairs were: Nyctophrlusgeoffroyi and N. timoriensis (slowest flight, undulating, closest to vegetation); Eptesicus vulturnus and E. regulus (highly manoeuvrable, faster than Nyctophilus, further from vegetation); E. sagittula and Chalinolobus morio (fast, direct flight, less manoeuvrable than smaller Eptesicus and fly higher); and Pipistrellus tasmaniensis and C. gouldii (faster, most direct flight, limited manoeuvrability, prefer open areas). There is a broad agreement between the flight patterns observed and the relative shape of the wing of each species.

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Gonsalves, Leroy, e Bradley Law. "Seasonal activity patterns of bats in North Sydney, New South Wales: implications for urban bat monitoring programs". Australian Mammalogy 40, n. 2 (2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17031.

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Behavioural and physiological traits of bats may influence seasonal bat activity in urban areas. To examine this, we used acoustic surveys to monitor insectivorous bat activity in urban bushland and at two day-roosts of Miniopterus orianae oceanensis between September 2013 and August 2014. Day-roosts were also assessed for potential as swarming sites and monthly estimates of colony size were made at one of these, while radio-tracking was used to identify additional roosts. Acoustic surveys identified seven species, with Mi. o. oceanensis and Chalinolobus gouldii most commonly recorded. Nightly species richness was lower in winter than in other seasons, while total bat activity was greatest in autumn, reflecting increased activity by C. gouldii and Mi. o. oceanensis in this season. One Mi. o. oceanensis day-roost was used from autumn to early spring, with numbers of bats increasing from ~50 to 300 and high fidelity shown to this site by radio-tagged bats in autumn, while nightly activity at another day-roost was suggestive of swarming. Seasonal differences in bat activity were species-specific and, for Mi. o. oceanensis, corresponded to changes in population size as bats migrated to and from Sydney to meet reproductive and overwintering requirements. We recommend urban bat monitoring programs sample multiple seasons to adequately document trends in activity for all bat species.

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Hosken, D. J., e P. C. Withers. "Temperature regulation and metabolism of an Australian bat, Chalinolobus gouldii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) when euthermic and torpid". Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 167, n. 1 (22 gennaio 1997): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050049.

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Lumsden, L. F., A. F. Bennett e J. E. Silins. "Selection of roost sites by the lesser long-eared bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) and Gould's wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii) in south-eastern Australia". Journal of Zoology 257, n. 2 (giugno 2002): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095283690200081x.

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Scanlon, Annette T., e Sophie Petit. "Effects of site, time, weather and light on urban bat activity and richness: considerations for survey effort". Wildlife Research 35, n. 8 (2008): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08035.

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To maximise bat retention in urban environments, efficient bat monitoring is needed, but the factors that influence survey results for urban bats are unclear. We used echolocation call detectors (n = 378 detector-nights from November 2005 to October 2006) to assess bat activity among different sites in the Adelaide City parklands, temporal variations in activity (hourly, nightly, monthly), and responses to weather and light (artificial and moon). Bat species did not occur evenly in urban conditions; dark parks were more important for bat diversity and activity (six species groups in the darkest park) than were artificially lit parkland areas (three species groups in the flood-lit park). Gould’s wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii) and Mormopterus species 4 (94% of calls) were advantaged in urban parklands, being the only species recorded when lights were on at sports parks, whereas five species groups occurred when the lights were off. Minimal bat activity was recorded in the first 2 h after civil twilight, suggesting that bats may roost outside the city and commute nightly into parklands. Bat activity increased with temperature, with a burst in activity occurring after 7°C. Rainfall (>1 mm/24 h) and moon illumination at midnight did not influence activity. Urban environments should provide diversity to attract a diverse assemblage of bat species. Activity fluctuated among sites, nights, and across the year, indicating that large sample sizes over long periods of time are required to monitor and survey bats reliably with detectors.

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Prada, Diana, Victoria Boyd, Michelle L. Baker, Mark O’Dea e Bethany Jackson. "Viral Diversity of Microbats within the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia". Viruses 11, n. 12 (13 dicembre 2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121157.

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Bats are known reservoirs of a wide variety of viruses that rarely result in overt clinical disease in the bat host. However, anthropogenic influences on the landscape and climate can change species assemblages and interactions, as well as undermine host-resilience. The cumulative result is a disturbance of bat–pathogen dynamics, which facilitate spillover events to sympatric species, and may threaten bat communities already facing synergistic stressors through ecological change. Therefore, characterisation of viral pathogens in bat communities provides important basal information to monitor and predict the emergence of diseases relevant to conservation and public health. This study used targeted molecular techniques, serological assays and next generation sequencing to characterise adenoviruses, coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses from 11 species of insectivorous bats within the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. Phylogenetic analysis indicated complex ecological interactions including virus–host associations, cross-species infections, and multiple viral strains circulating concurrently within selected bat populations. Additionally, we describe the entire coding sequences for five alphacoronaviruses (representing four putative new species), and one novel adenovirus. Results indicate that viral burden (both prevalence and richness) is not homogeneous among species, with Chalinolobus gouldii identified as a key epidemiological element within the studied communities.

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Doty, Anna C., Leroy Gonsalves e Bradley S. Law. "Activity patterns of insectivorous bats during a seasonal transition period from hibernation to reproduction". Australian Mammalogy 42, n. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am18035.

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Bat activity is influenced by fluctuating environmental variables. It may also be influenced by energetic pressures related to pregnancy, lactation, and emergence following winter inactivity. We evaluated nightly changes in relative bat activity at Royal National Park in response to Julian date, ambient temperature, precipitation, wind speed and moon phase on a nightly scale for six weeks during spring, as insectivorous bats move out of hibernation or frequent, prolonged torpor, and into the maternal season. Interestingly, later Julian date (reflecting seasonal transition) was the sole variable that best predicted total nightly activity. In addition, we opportunistically assessed bat activity in response to a severe storm, considered a Category 1 cyclone, resulting in 96.4mm of rain in one night and wind speeds up to 94km h–1. Only one species of bat, Chalinolobus gouldii, was active during the storm, with activity restricted to the latter part of the evening when precipitation had reduced, indicating rapid resumption of activity following severe weather. The results of this research can be used as an indicator of emergence from winter inactivity and highlight activity patterns of bat species in relation to environmental variables to inform timing of monitoring programs, bat surveys, and targeted research.

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Lumsden, Linda F., Andrew F. Bennett e John E. Silins. "Location of roosts of the lesser long-eared bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi and Gould's wattled bat Chalinolobus gouldii in a fragmented landscape in south-eastern Australia". Biological Conservation 106, n. 2 (agosto 2002): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00250-6.

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Slocombe, NC, JR Codd, PG Wood, S. Orgeig e CB Daniels. "Alterations in the surfactant system in response to diurnal fluctuations in activity and body temperature of the heterothermic bat (Chalinolobus gouldii)". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 124 (agosto 1999): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(99)90220-9.

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Bullen, R. D., e J. N. Dunlop. "Assessment of habitat usage by bats in the rangelands of Western Australia: comparison of echolocation call count and stable isotope analysis methods". Rangeland Journal 34, n. 3 (2012): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj12001.

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The activity levels of seven species of insectivorous microbats in five habitats widespread across the Charles Darwin Reserve in the Murchison region of Western Australia were measured using echolocation detectors and compared with results of habitat usage revealed by stable isotope analysis. The activity levels were further compared with projective foliage density as a surrogate of productivity within each habitat. Habitat use, estimated from echolocation activity of the microbat species and from stable isotope analysis of their fur, agree and each provides complementary information on the habitats preferred by species. Both methods show that five of the species, Chalinolobus gouldii, C. morio, Mormopterus species 3, Nyctophilus geoffroyi and Tadarida australis, are active and forage over each of the five habitats. Scotorepens balstoni is shown by both methods to prefer habitats with C3 woodland over C4 shrubs and grasses. Vespadelus baverstocki is shown by both methods to fly and forage over habitats with developed arid-zone shrubland understorey vegetation. The echolocation method shows that bat activity levels align with the foliage mass of the vegetation as measured by the projected foliage density. The species’ stable isotope signatures show that the insects captured are feeding primarily on the ground cover of the habitats. The two species that have high δC signatures, S. balstoni and V. baverstocki, are shown to be most active in habitats with a C4 ground cover.

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Lester, K. S., e A. Boyde. "Relating Developing Surface To Adult Ultrastructure in Chiropteran Enamel By Sem". Advances in Dental Research 1, n. 2 (dicembre 1987): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374870010020601.

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The developmental basis for a newly discovered feature of adult Chiropteran (bat) enamel has been explored. Developing enamel surfaces of tooth germs of Chalinolobus gouldii have been examined after either plasma-ashing or NaOCI immersion to remove cellular material superficial to the surface. Maintenance of dimensional stability of the anorganic surface was promoted either by prior embedding in methacrylate for plasma-ashing or by subsequent critical-point-drying for wet preparation. Stereo-pair scanning electron micrographs were analyzed in a stereo-comparator and profiles reconstructed in directions parallel with the electron beam. A novel feature of the developing surface is described which accounts for the additional crystallite discontinuity line (minor boundary plane) found in the central cervical region of each horseshoe-shaped prism in what is essentially a Pattern 2 enamel. The feature is a consistent groove in the more superficial part of the developing floor wall of the Tomes' process depression, reflecting the absence of the most prominent parts of the developing enamel at the border between adjacent (Pattern 2) pits in the direction of their longitudinal alignment. The existence of a cervical floor groove was predicted from earlier observations of adult material as a result of our previously having constructed three-dimensional models utilizing the stereo-sketch approach. The present observations satisfactorily complete a conceptual cycle involving initial description of a new feature of adult bat enamel; prediction of the necessary developmental basis for it; and finally, analysis and confirmation of that developmental feature.

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Lumsden, IF, e AF Bennet. "Bats of a semi-arid environment in south-eastern Australia: biogeography, ecology and conservation". Wildlife Research 22, n. 2 (1995): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950217.

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A total of 2075 captures of 11 taxa of bats was recorded during an extensive survey of the vertebrate fauna of the semi-arid Mallee region of Victoria. A further two species, Pteropus scapulatus and Saccolaimus flaviventris, are known from previous records, thus bringing the total to 13 taxa known from the region. There was a marked seasonality in activity patterns and in reproduction. Activity, as revealed by trap captures, peaked over the spring to early autumn months when daytime temperatures are high and nights are mild. Births occurred from October to December, lactating females were recorded from November to February, and juveniles were trapped between December and late February, with minor variation in timing between species. Morphometric measurements revealed that females were generally larger and heavier than males. There was a high level of overlap of species between broad vegetation types. Woodland habitats, especially Riverine Woodland, tended to have a higher frequency of capture and a greater species richness of bats per trapping event than did Mallee Shrubland. The assemblage of bats in the Mallee region, Victoria, like those in other semi-arid regions of southern Australia, includes species that are widespread in Australia (e.g. Chalinolobus gouldii and Nyctophilus geoffroyi), together with species that primarily occur in semi-arid and arid environments (e.g. N. timoriensis, Scotorepens balstoni and Vespadelus baverstocki). This region, which includes mesic riverine habitats, also supports a group of species that are characteristic of temperate south-eastern Australia (e.g. C. morio, V. regulus and V. vulturnus). In comparison with assemblages from temperate and tropical environmental regions, those from the semi-arid region tend to have a lower species richness with fewer families represented, a higher level of insectivory, and a smaller modal body size. The conservation status of bats from the Mallee region, Victoria, is believed to be secure, although the status of N. timoriensis warrants further attention.

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Tidemann, CR, e SC Flavel. "Factors Affecting Choice of Diurnal Roost Site by Tree-Hole Bats (Microchiroptera) in Southeastern Australia". Wildlife Research 14, n. 4 (1987): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870459.

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Tree-hole bats are adaptable enough to roost in cavities in man-made structures if these approximate natural hollows. Commonalities between occupied sites in buildings and trees were examined in an attempt to identify the factors involved in their selection by bats. Eptesicus vulturnus, Chalinolobus morio, Nyctophilus geoffroyi, N. gouldi and Mormopterus planiceps all selected roosts with entrances and cavities having one dimension not much larger than themselves. None were far from water and, although there were significant differences between species values of some roost attributes, the similarities between them are probably more important. A high degree of variability in most measured attributes suggests that none of these species is highly selective. Colony size was variable, but tended to be small and segregated by sex and species. Possible reasons for these behaviours are discussed. The implications of these findings for management and research are considered and a design for an artificial roost is presented.

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28

"Chalinolobus gouldii". Mammalian Species, 5 luglio 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/0.690.1.

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29

DIXON, J. M., e L. HUXLEY. "Observations on a maternity colony of Gould’s Wattled Bat Chalinolobus gouldii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)". Mammalia 53, n. 3 (1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1989.53.3.395.

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