Tesi sul tema "Cellulose – Microbiology"
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Du, Plessis Lisa. "Co-expression of cellulase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cellulose degradation". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1818.
Testo completoPorter, Suzanne L. "Evidence of multiple cellulase forms in Trichoderma harzianum E58 and their significance in cellulose hydrolysis". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5829.
Testo completoMokatse, Khomotso. "Production, characterization and evaluation of fungal cellulases for effective digestion of cellulose". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1129.
Testo completoThe production of cellulase is a key factor in the hydrolysis of cellulosic materials and it is essential to make the process economically viable. Cellulases are the most studied multi- enzyme complex and comprise of endo-glucanases (EG), cellobiohydrolases (CBH) and β- glucosidases (BGL). The complete cellulase system; comprising CBH, EG and BGL components thus acts synergistically to convert crystalline cellulose to glucose. Cellulases are currently the third largest industrial enzyme worldwide. This is due to their wide applications in cotton processing, paper recycling, juice extraction, as detergent enzymes and additives in animal feed. In this study, production of cellulase by five fungal isolates (BTU 251-BTU 255) isolated from mushrooms, was investigated and optimised. Internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS4) were applied to identify the five fungal microorganisms. Isolates were identified as follows: BTU 251 as Aspegillus niger,BTU 253 as Penicillium polonicum, and BTU 255 as Penicillium polonicum. Cellulase was produced in shake flask cultures using Mandel’s mineral solution medium and Avicel as a carbon source. Cellulase activity was tested using 3, 5-Dinitrosalicylic acid assay and zymography, A. niger BTU 251 showed five activity bands ranging from 25- 61 kDa had an average nkat of 7000. Cultures from BTU 252 were the least active with an average nkat/ml of 200 and one activity band of 25 kDa. P. polonicum BTU 253 showed three activity bands ranging between 45 and 60 kDa and had an average nkat/ml of 2200. BTU 254 showed five activity bands ranging from 22- 116 kDa and had average nkat of 350. P. polonicum BTU 255 produced the highest cellulase activity of 8000 nkat/ml and with three activity bands estimated at 45-60 kDa on zymography. The optimal temperature for activity of the cellulases was between 55-70°C and enzymes were most active within a pH range of 4-6. Optimal pH for production of cellulases by P. polonicum BTU 255, P. polonicum BTU 253 and A. niger BTU 251 was 4 while optimal temperature for production of the cellulases was between 50-55°C. Total cellulase activity was determined using Whatman No.1 filter paper as a substrate and β- glucosidase production was determined in polyacrylamide gels using esculin as a substrate. In the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose (Avicel), a combination of A. niger BTU 251 and P. polonicum BTU 255 (1:1), (1:9), (1:3), and (1:2) produced maximum glucose as follows: 1:1 (0.83g/L), 1:9 (10.4g/L), 1:3 (0.77g/L) and 1:2 (0.73g/L). Cellulases from P. polonicum BTU 255 were partially purified using affinity precipitation and analysed using MALDI- TOF/TOF. Peptide sequences of P. polonicum obtained from MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis were aligned by multiple sequence alignment with C. pingtungium. Conserved regions were identified using BLAST anaylsis as sequences of cellobiohydrolases. More research is required in producing a variety of cellulases that are capable of hydrolysing crystalline cellulose, the current study contributes to possible provision of locally developed combinations of cellulases that can be used in the production of bioethanol.
Helle, Steve. "Biosurfactants & cellulose hydrolysis". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61308.
Testo completoVan, Rooyen Ronel 1976. "Genetic engineering of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment cellobiose". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19455.
Testo completoPCT patent registered: https://www.google.com/patents/WO2009034414A1?cl=en&dq=pct/ib2007/004098&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b7AxUsSZK4jB0gWi14HgCQ&ved=0CEkQ6AEwAg USA: https://www.google.com/patents/US20110129888?dq=pct/ib2007/004098&ei=b7AxUsSZK4jB0gWi14HgCQ&cl=en
USA patent registered: https://www.google.com/patents/US20110129888?dq=pct/ib2007/004098&ei=b7AxUsSZK4jB0gWi14HgCQ&cl=en
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The conversion of cellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals has the potential to positively impact the South African economy, but is reliant on the development of low-cost conversion technology. Perhaps the most important progress to be made is the development of “consolidated bioprocessing” (CBP). CBP refers to the conversion of pretreated biomass into desired product(s) in a single process step with either a single organism or consortium of organisms and without the addition of cellulase enzymes. Among the microbial hosts considered for CBP development, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has received significant interest from the biotechnology community as the yeast preferred for ethanol production. The major advantages of S. cerevisiae include high ethanol productivity and tolerance, as well as a well-developed gene expression system. Since S. cerevisiae is non-cellulolytic, the functional expression of at least three groups of enzymes, namely endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4); exoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.91) and β-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.21) is a prerequisite for cellulose conversion via CBP. The endo- and exoglucanases act synergistically to efficiently degrade cellulose to soluble cellodextrins and cellobiose, whereas the β-glucosidases catalyze the conversion of the soluble cellulose hydrolysis products to glucose. This study focuses on the efficient utilization of cellobiose by recombinant S. cerevisiae strains that can either hydrolyse cellobiose extracellularly or transport and utilize cellobiose intracellularly. Since it is generally accepted that S. cerevisiae do not produce a dedicated cellobiose permease/transporter, the obvious strategy was to produce a secretable β-glucosidase that will catalyze the hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose extracellularly. β-Glucosidase genes of various fungal origins were isolated and heterologously expressed in S. cerevisiae. The mature peptide sequence of the respective β-glucosidases were fused to the secretion signal of the Trichoderma reesei xyn2 gene and expressed constitutively from a multi-copy yeast expression vector under transcriptional control of the S. cerevisiae PGK1 promoter and terminator. The resulting recombinant enzymes were characterized with respect to pH and temperature optimum, as well as kinetic properties. The maximum specific growth rates (μmax) of the recombinant strains were compared during batch cultivation in high-performance bioreactors. S. cerevisiae secreting the recombinant Saccharomycopsis fibuligera BGL1 enzyme was identified as the best strain and grew at 0.23 h-1 on cellobiose (compared to 0.29 h-1 on glucose). More significantly, was the ability of this strain to anaerobically ferment cellobiose at 0.18 h-1 (compared to 0.25 h-1 on glucose). However, extracellular cellobiose hydrolysis has two major disadvantages, namely glucose’s inhibitory effect on the activity of cellulase enzymes as well as the increased risk of contamination associated with external glucose release. In an alternative approach, the secretion signal from the S. fibuligera β-glucosidase (BGL1) was removed and expressed constitutively from the above-mentioned multi-copy yeast expression vector. Consequently, the BGL1 enzyme was functionally produced within the intracellular space of the recombinant S. cerevisiae strain. A strategy employing continuous selection pressure was used to adapt the native S. cerevisiae disaccharide transport system(s) for cellobiose uptake and subsequent intracellular utilization. RNA Bio-Dot results revealed the induction of the native α-glucoside (AGT1) and maltose (MAL) transporters in the adapted strain, capable of transporting and utilizing cellobiose intracellularly. Aerobic batch cultivation of the strain resulted in a μmax of 0.17 h-1 and 0.30 h-1 when grown in cellobiose- and cellobiose/maltose-medium, respectively. The addition of maltose significantly improved the uptake of cellobiose, suggesting that cellobiose transport (via the combined action of the maltose permease and α-glucosidase transporter) is the rate-limiting step when the adapted strain is grown on cellobiose as sole carbon source. In agreement with the increased μmax value, the substrate consumption rate also improved significantly from 0.25 g.g DW-1.h-1 when grown on cellobiose to 0.37 g.g DW-1.h-1 upon addition of maltose to the medium. The adapted strain also displayed several interesting phenotypical characteristics, for example, flocculation, pseudohyphal growth and biofilm-formation. These features resemble some of the properties associated with the highly efficient cellulase enzyme systems of cellulosome-producing anaerobes. Recombinant S. cerevisiae strains that can either hydrolyse cellobiose extracellularly or transport and utilize cellobiose intracellularly. Both recombinant strains are of particular interest when the final goal of industrial-scale ethanol production from cellulosic waste is considered. However, the latter strain’s ability to efficiently remove cellobiose from the extracellular space together with its flocculating, pseudohyphae- and biofilm-forming properties can be an additional advantage when the recombinant S. cerevisiae strain is considered as a potential host for future CBP technology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die omskakeling van sellulose-bevattende biomassa na brandstof en chemikalieë beskik oor die potensiaal om die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie positief te beïnvloed, indien bekostigbare tegnologie ontwikkel word. Die merkwaardigste vordering tot dusvêr kon in die ontwikkeling van “gekonsolideerde bioprosessering” (CBP) wees. CBP verwys na die eenstap-omskakeling van voorafbehandelde biomassa na gewenste produkte met behulp van ‘n enkele organisme of ‘n konsortium van organismes sonder die byvoeging van sellulase ensieme. Onder die mikrobiese gashere wat oorweeg word vir CBP-ontwikkeling, het Saccharomyces cerevisiae as die voorkeur gis vir etanolproduksie troot belangstelling by die biotegnologie-gemeenskap ontlok. Die voordele van S. cerevisiae sluit in hoë etanol-produktiwiteit en toleransie, tesame met ‘n goed ontwikkelde geen-uitdrukkingsisteem. Aangesien S. cerevisiae nie sellulose kan benut nie, is die funksionele uitdrukking van ten minste drie groepe ensieme, naamlik endoglukanases (EC 3.2.1.4); eksoglukanases (EC 3.2.1.91) en β-glukosidases (EC 3.2.1.21), ‘n voorvereiste vir die omskakeling van sellulose via CBP. Die sinergistiese werking van endo- en eksoglukanases word benodig vir die effektiewe afbraak van sellulose tot oplosbare sello-oligosakkariede en sellobiose, waarna β-glukosidases die finale omskakeling van die oplosbare sellulose-afbraak produkte na glukose kataliseer. Hierdie studie fokus op die effektiewe benutting van sellobiose m.b.v. rekombinante S. cerevisiae-rasse met die vermoeë om sellobiose ekstrasellulêr af te breek of dit op te neem en intrasellulêr te benut. Aangesien dit algemeen aanvaar word dat S. cerevisiae nie ‘n toegewyde sellobiosepermease/ transporter produseer nie, was die mees voor-die-hand-liggende strategie die produksie van ‘n β-glukosidase wat uitgeskei word om sodoende die ekstrasellulêre hidroliese van sellobiose na glukose te kataliseer. β-Glukosidase gene is vanaf verskeie fungi geïsoleer en daaropvolgend in S. cerevisiae uitgedruk. Die geprosesseerde peptiedvolgorde van die onderskeie β-glukosidases is met die sekresiesein van die Trichoderma reesei xyn2-geen verenig en konstitutief vanaf ‘n multikopie-gisuitdrukkingsvektor onder transkripsionele beheer van die S. cerevisiae PGK1 promotor en termineerder uitgedruk. Die gevolglike rekombinante ensieme is op grond van hul pH en temperatuur optima, asook kinetiese eienskappe, gekarakteriseer. Die maksimum spesifieke groeitempos (μmax) van die rekombinante rasse is gedurende aankweking in hoë-verrigting bioreaktors vergelyk. Die S. cerevisiae ras wat die rekombinante Saccharomycopsis fibuligera BGL1 ensiem uitskei, was as the beste ras geïdentifiseer en kon teen 0.23 h-1 op sellobiose (vergeleke met 0.29 h-1 op glukose) groei. Meer noemenswaardig is the ras se vermoë om sellobiose anaërobies teen 0.18 h-1 (vergeleke met 0.25 h-1 op glukose) te fermenteer. Ekstrasellulêre sellobiose-hidroliese het twee groot nadele, naamlik glukose se onderdrukkende effek op die aktiwiteit van sellulase ensieme, asook die verhoogde risiko van kontaminasie wat gepaard gaan met die glukose wat ekstern vrygestel word. ’n Alternatiewe benadering waarin die sekresiesein van die S. fibuligera β-glucosidase (BGL1) verwyder en konstitutief uitgedruk is vanaf die bogenoemde multi-kopie gisuitrukkingsvektor, is gevolg. Die funksionele BGL1 ensiem is gevolglik binne-in die intrasellulêre ruimte van die rekombinante S. cerevisiae ras geproduseer. Kontinûe selektiewe druk is gebruik om die oorspronklike S. cerevisiae disakkaried-transportsisteme vir sellobiose-opname and daaropvolgende intrasellulêre benutting aan te pas. RNA Bio-Dot resultate het gewys dat die oorspronklike α-glukosied (AGT1) en maltose (MAL) transporters in die aangepaste ras, wat in staat is om sellobiose op te neem en intrasellulêr te benut, geïnduseer is. Aërobiese kweking van die geselekteerde ras het gedui dat die ras teen 0.17 h-1 en 0.30 h-1 groei in onderskeidelik sellobiose en sellobiose/maltose-medium. Die byvoeging van maltose het die opname van sellobiose betekenisvol verbeter, waarna aangeneem is dat sellobiose transport (via die gekombineerde werking van die maltose permease en α-glukosidase transporter) die beperkende stap gedurende groei van die geselekteerde ras op sellobiose as enigste koolstofbron is. In ooreenstemming hiermee, het die substraatbenuttingstempo ook betekenisvol toegeneem van 0.25 g.g DW-1.h-1, gedurende groei op sellobiose, tot 0.37 g.g DW-1.h-1 wanneer maltose by die medium gevoeg word. Die geselekteerde ras het ook verskeie interessante fenotipiese kenmerke getoon, byvoorbeeld flokkulasie, pseudohife- en biofilm-vorming. Hierdie eienskappe kom ooreen met sommige van die kenmerke wat met die hoogs effektiewe sellulase ensiem-sisteme van sellulosomeproduserende anaerobe geassosieer word. Hierdie studie beskryf die suksesvolle konstruksie van ‘n rekombinante S. cerevisiae ras met die vermoë om sellobiose ekstrasellulêr af te breek of om dit op te neem en intrasellulêr te benut. Beide rekombinante rasse is van wesenlike belang indien die einddoel van industriële-skaal etanolproduksie vanaf selluloseafval oorweeg word. Die laasgenoemde ras se vermoë om sellobiose effektief uit die ekstrasellulêre ruimte te verwyder tesame met die flokkulasie, pseudohife- en biofilm-vormings eienskappe kan ‘n addisionele voordeel inhou, indien die rekombinante S. cerevisiae ras as ‘n potensiële gasheer vir toekomstige CBP-tegnologie oorweeg word.
Houghton, James. "Molecular diversity and functional composition of cellulose degrading communities in anoxic environments". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14933/.
Testo completoShaw, Paul B. "Studies of the alkaline degradation of cellulose and the isolation of isosaccharinic acids". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2013. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/19266/.
Testo completoSadie, Christa J. (Christiena Johanna). "Expression and characterization of an intracellular cellobiose phosphorylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19862.
Testo completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cellulose, a glucose polymer, is considered the most abundant fermentable polymer on earth. Agricultural waste is rich in cellulose and exploiting these renewable sources as a substrate for ethanol production can assist in producing enough bioethanol as a cost-effective replacement for currently used decreasing fossil fuels. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent fermentative organism of hexoses; however the inability of the yeast to utilize cellulose as a carbon source is a major obstruction to overcome for its use in the production of bio-ethanol. Cellobiose, the major-end product of cellulose hydrolysis, is hydrolyzed by -glucosidase or cellobiose phosphorylase, the latter having a possible metabolic advantage over -glucosidase. Recently, it has been showed that S. cerevisiae is able to transport cellobiose. The construction of a cellulolytic yeast that can transport cellobiose has the advantage that end-product inhibition of the extracellular cellulases by glucose and cellobiose is relieved. Furthermore, the extracellular glucose concentration remains low and the possibility of contamination is decreased. In this study the cellobiose phosphorylase gene, cepA, of Clostridium stercorarium was cloned and expressed under transcriptional control of the constitutive PGK1 promoter and terminator of S. cerevisiae on a multicopy episomal plasmid. The enzyme was expressed intracellulary and thus required the transport of cellobiose into the cell. The fur1 gene was disrupted for growth of the recombinant strain on complex media without the loss of the plasmid. The recombinant strain, S. cerevisiae[yCEPA], was able to sustain aerobic growth on cellobiose as sole carbon source at 30°C with Vmax = 0.07 h-1 and yielded 0.05 g biomass per gram cellobiose consumed. The recombinant enzyme had activity optima of 60°C and pH 6-7. Using Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the Km values for the colorimetric substrate p-nitrophenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and cellobiose was estimated to be 1.69 and 92.85 mM respectively. Enzyme activity assays revealed that the recombinant protein was localized in the membrane fraction and no activity was present in the intracellular fraction. Due to an unfavourable codon bias in S. cerevisiae, CepA activity was very low. Permeabilized S. cerevisiae[yCEPA] cells had much higher CepA activity than whole cells indicating that the transport of cellobiose was inadequate even after one year of selection. Low activity and insufficient cellobiose transport led to an inadequate glucose supply for the yeast resulting in low biomass formation. Cellobiose utilization increased when combined with other sugars (glucose, galactose, raffinose, maltose), as compared to using cellobiose alone. This is possibly due to more ATP being available for the cell for cellobiose transport. However, no cellobiose was utilized when grown with fructose indicating catabolite repression by this sugar. To our knowledge this is the first report of a heterologously expressed cellobiose phosphorylase in yeast that conferred growth on cellobiose. Furthermore, this report also reaffirms previous data that cellobiose can be utilized intracellularly in S. cerevisiae.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sellulose, ‘n homopolimeer van glukose eenhede, word beskou as die volopste suiker polimeer op aarde. Landbou afval produkte het ‘n hoë sellulose inhoud en benutting van diè substraat vir bio-etanol produksie kan dien as ‘n koste-effektiewe aanvulling en/of vervanging van dalende fossielbrandstof wat tans gebruik word. Die gis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is ‘n uitmuntende organisme vir die fermentasie van heksose suikers, maar die onvermoë van die gis om sellulose as koolstofbron te benut is ‘n groot struikelblok in sy gebruik vir die produksie van bio-etanol. Sellobiose, die hoof eindproduk van ensiematiese hidrolise van sellulose, word afgebreek deur -glukosidase of sellobiose fosforilase. Laasgenoemde het ‘n moontlike metaboliese voordeel bo die gebruik van -glukosidase vir sellobiose hidrolise. Daar was onlangs gevind dat S. cerevisiae in staat is om sellobiose op te neem. Die konstruksie van ‘n sellulolitiese gis wat sellobiose intrasellulêr kan benut, het die voordeel dat eindproduk inhibisie van die ekstrasellulêre sellulases deur sellobiose en glukose verlig word. Verder, wanneer die omsetting van glukose vanaf sellobiose intrasellulêr plaasvind, word die ekstrasellulêre glukose konsentrasie laag gehou en die moontlikheid van kontaminasie beperk. In hierdie studie was die sellobiose fosforilase geen, cepA, van Clostridium stercorarium gekloneer en uitgedruk onder transkripsionele beheer van die konstitutiewe PGK1 promoter en termineerder van S. cerevisiae op ‘n multikopie episomale plasmied. Die ensiem is as ‘n intrasellulêre proteïen uitgedruk en het dus die opneem van die sellobiose molekuul benodig. Die disrupsie van die fur1 geen het toegelaat dat die rekombinante ras op komplekse media kon groei sonder die verlies van die plasmied. Die rekombinante ras, S. cerevisiae[yCEPA], het aërobiese groei by 30°C op sellobiose as enigste koolstofbron onderhou met mmax = 0.07 h-1 en ‘n opbrengs van 0.05 gram selle droë gewig per gram sellobiose. Die rekombinante ensiem het optima van 60°C en pH 6-7 gehad. Die K m waardes vir die kolorimetriese substraat pNPG en sellobiose was 1.69 en 92.85 mM onderskeidelik. Ondersoek van die ensiem aktiwiteit het getoon dat die rekombinante proteïen gelokaliseer was in die membraan fraksie en geen aktiwiteit was teenwoordig in die intrasellulêre fraksie nie. CepA aktiwiteit was laag as gevolg van ‘n lae kodon voorkeur in S. cerevisiae. Verder het geperforeerde S. cerevisiae[yCEPA] selle aansienlik beter CepA aktiwiteit getoon as intakte selle. Hierdie aanduiding van onvoldoende transport van sellobiose na binne in die sel tesame met die lae aktiwiteit van die CepA ensiem het gelei tot onvoldoende glukose voorraad vir die sel en min biomassa vorming. Sellobiose verbruik het toegeneem wanneer dit tesame met ander suikers (glukose, galaktose, raffinose, maltose) gemeng was, heelwaarskynlik deur die vorming van ekstra ATP’s vir die sel wat ‘n toename in sellobiose transport teweeg gebring het. Fruktose het egter kataboliet onderdrukking veroorsaak en sellobiose was nie benut nie. Sover ons kennis strek, is hierdie die eerste verslag van ‘n heteroloë sellobiose fosforilase wat in S. cerevisiae uitgedruk is en groei op sellobiose toegelaat het. Verder, bewys die studie weereens dat S. cerevisiae wel sellobiose kan opneem.
Fugelstad, Johanna. "Functional characterization of cellulose and chitin synthase genes in Oomycetes". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Glykovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34012.
Testo completoQC 20110531
Ferdinand, Pierre-Henri. "Adhérence et colonisation des fibres de cellulose par la bactérie cellulolytique Clostridium cellulolyticum. : étude du rôle des protéines CipC et HycP". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4729.
Testo completoClostridium cellulolyticum is a strict anaerobe, cellulolytic bacteria. It produces multienzymatic complexes, called cellulosomes, which are able to efficiently degrade the plant cell wall polysaccharides. Cellulolytic bacteria, including C. cellulolyticum do binds to cellulose since early growth stage. For most of the studied cellulolytic bacteria, adherence to cellulose seems to be mediated by their cellulosomes. However, molecular factors involved in C. cellulolyticum adherence to cellulose remain unknown.My Ph.D. aimed to implement different but complementary strategies to study adhesion and colonization of cellulose fibers by C. cellulolyticum and to identify the molecular mechanism(s) by which the bacteria bind to cellulose. In order to identify some proteins encoding genes involved in adhesion, I firstly developed random mutagenesis and isolated two adhesion deficient mutants. I also used a targeted mutagenesis tool to inactivate some candidate genes.My studies highlight C. cellulolyticum adheres with both high specificity and affinity to cellulose. Colonization of cellulose fibers by C. cellulolyticum forms a mono-layer of segregated cells on cellulose surface and may occur through cycles of adhesion-release-re-adhesion to substrate. Inactivation of the CipC encoding gene led to a short decrease of the mutant strain's adherence level. This result suggests some other proteins may be involved in C. cellulolyticum adhesion to cellulose. Finally, I studied HycP, a produced and secreted CBM3 encoding protein of unknown function. HycP is a unique protein among databases and may have a phagic origin
Carver, Sarah Marie. "Characterization of a Thermophilic, Cellulolytic Microbial Culture". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299687326.
Testo completoRismani-Yazdi, Hamid. "Bioconversion of cellulose into electrical energy in microbial fuel cells". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211313869.
Testo completoHiripitiyage, Yasawantha Devinda. "Effects of Competitors and Temperature on Physiological Performance and Gene Transcription of Model Fungi". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1436865623.
Testo completoSewalt, Vincent Johannes Hendrikus. "Impact of lignification of corn stover fractions on cell wall degradation by rumen microorganisms and response to ammonia treatment". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40105.
Testo completoMerien, Fabrice. "Interactions entre les leptospira pathogenes et les cellules eucaryotes (doctorat : microbiologie)". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA114804.
Testo completoHorani, Hala Khiyami. "Characterization and cellulase synthesis in some thermotolerant bacilli from Jordan". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/822.
Testo completoBéra-Maillet, Christel. "Le système fibrolytique de Fibrobacter succinogenes : caractérisation de deux endoglucanases, expression des gènes de différentes glycosyl-hydrolases, comparaison du système hydrolytique de différentes souches du genre Fibrobacter". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10057.
Testo completoHachem, Baydoun Hicham. "Rôle des protéines Rex et p30II dans la régularisation du virus de la leucémie à cellules T de l'homme HTLV-1". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210857.
Testo completoWang, Wenyen. "Molecular analysis of two cellulase genes from Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and their transcriptional regulation". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23584.
Testo completoNejmeddine, Mohamed. "Localisation de la proteine de spicule vp4 du rotavirus dans les cellules epitheliales apres infection (doctorat : microbiologie)". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA114825.
Testo completoMarvaud, Jean-Christophe. "Contribution a l'etude des proteines associees aux neurotoxines clostridiennes et vectorisation de proteines dans les cellules (doctorat : microbiologie)". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114851.
Testo completoBRUNET, JEAN-PHILIPPE. "Mecanismes des modifications structurales et fonctionnelles induites par les rotavirus dans les cellules intestinales caco-2 (doctorat : microbiologie)". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA114833.
Testo completoMorini, Silvia <1986>. "Studio dell'interazione di HIV-1 sulle cellule progenitrici ematopoietiche CD34+ (HPCs)". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6212/.
Testo completoBeside the CD4 T cells progressive loss, HIV-infected subjects exhibit some peripheral cytopenias. In particular, anemia is found in 10% of asymptomatic and in 92% of AIDS patients and cART therapy is not able to solve this problem. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying this cytopenia are related to cytokine dysregulation, damage of HPCs, impairment of stromal cells and inhibition of the differentiation of HPCs. The CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells were separated from cord blood, differentiated towards the erythroid lineage and treated with active HIV-1, heat-inactivated virus and gp120. First of all we demonstrate that HPCs are not susceptible to infection and the gp120-CD4/CXCR4 binding cause a TGF-β1 mediated apoptosis. The innovative aspect of this study, however, is evident examining the effect of gp120 during differentiation towards the erythrocyte. Two experimental protocols are used: in the first cells are initially treated for 24 hours with gp120 ( HIV-1 or with heat-inactivated ) and then induced into differentiation, in the second cells are firstly differentiated and then treated with gp120. The negative "priming" induces a gp120-mediated apoptosis 48 hours after treatment and a differentiation reduction. If these cells are instead primarily differentiated for 24 hours and then treated with gp120, in the first 5 days after treatment, there is an increase of proliferation and differentiation, which is followed by a very marked apoptosis (also TGF-β1 mediated and due to gp120-CD4/CXCR4 binding) and a drastic reduction of differentiation. These results allowed us to define the complexity of the genesis of anemia in these patients and suggest new therapeutic targets for these subjects already receiving cART .
Rudnicka, Dominika. "Mécanismes de la replication et du transfert de cellule à cellule du VIH". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077160.
Testo completoT lymphocytes are the main target cells for active HIV-1 replication. The virus subverts the cellular machineries to ensure the most efficient infection of the host. I studied the process of HIV-1 replication and intercellular spread in T cells. I visualized the simultaneous existence of different mechanisms of viral transmission between T lymphocytes, such as virological synapses (VS), filopodia, and by newly characterized polysynapses, structures formed between one infected cell and multiple adjacent recipients. I quantified further these diverse modes of contact and studied their relative importance in mediating new target infection. I observed that viral transfer mainly occurs across VS and through polysynapses. I investigated the interplay between the virus and its host cell upon infection. I showed that the virus modulates the physiology of T cells. This is, at least partially, due to the interactions of HIV with the cell cytoskeleton. The viral protein Nef appears as an important modulator of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. It mediates profound changes within the cells, reducing their motility and ability to undergo membrane ruffling, inducing at the same time the formation of filopodia. I also identified Rhô GTPases Racl, 2 and Cdc42 as well as GTPase dynamin2 as possible partners of HIV in mediating free viral infection and cell-cell spread. These regulators of actin cytoskeleton remodeling are likely targets for the virus to get the control over important cellular functions involving actin plasticity. The research presented here allowed to better characterize the means of HIV cell-to-cell spread and the modulation of the cellular biology by the viral infection
Boucher, Magali. "Activation des cellules dendritiques par des composantes de bioaérosols". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35715.
Testo completoSeveral occupational settings are highly contaminated with bioaerosols, which are often associated with the induction of various respiratory pathologies. It is therefore important to define the impact of the components of bioaerosols on mucosal immunity. Dendritic cells are at the interface of the individual and his environment and play a role in the initiation of immunopathological responses induced by bioaerosols. The purpose of this project was to compare how various agents, agent combinations, or samples from environments highly contaminated with bioaerosols modulated dendritic cell activation in vitro. Our results show that the degree of activation of dendritic cells derived from the bone marrow differentiates between a highly immunogenic agent, endotoxins, from weakly immunogenic agents such as β-D glucans and archaea Methanosphaera stadtmanae and Methanobrevibacter smithii. We also show that combined stimulation of these agents additively activates dendritic cells, thus confirming the importance of studying the impact of bioaerosols as a whole, and not just individual components. In addition, the kinetics of activation of dendritic cells is modulated by the nature of the stimulation, which confirms the hypothesis of interaction between the components of bioaerosols on the immune response. Finally, the activation of dendritic cells stratifies various working environments by class, which is corroborated by an in vivo lung inflammation model. This project therefore broadens our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the induction of immunopathological reactions by complex bioaerosols.
Chapleur, Olivier. "Ingénierie écologique des communautés microbiennes de méthanisation des déchets ligno-cellulosiques". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00945512.
Testo completoPeiffer, Isabelle. "Alterations structurales et fonctionnelles de la cellule epitheliale intestinale polarisee par des escherichia coli d'adhesion diffuse afa/dr (doctorat : microbiologie)". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA114801.
Testo completoFalcoz-Vigne, Léa. "Caractérisation et modélisation des interactions cellulose - hémicelluloses au sein des microfibrilles de cellulose (MFC)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV091/document.
Testo completoThe study was motivated by the necessity to reduce the high energy costs of Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose (MFC) production, which is a limiting factor for its industrial development and aimed at understanding the cellulose/hemicelluloses interaction within this system. MFC resulting from different chemical pulps were characterized by solid-state NMR spectroscopy to get information on the hemicelluloses content and molecular conformation. By optimizing an extraction protocol, more than 60% of the residual hemicelluloses were extracted from birch kraft MFC and characterized as a high purity homopolymer of β-1,4 linked xylan of DP 75.Turbidimetry was used to qualify the quality of the suspensions, which strongly depended on the pulping and drying history. Positive correlations between the state of dispersion, specific surface and mechanical properties of MFC-reinforced handsheets were evidenced.Cellulose/xylan interactions were investigated using solid-state NMR and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. NMR spectra confirmed that xylan in contact with cellulose altered its conformation, from the three-fold helix to a presumable cellulose-like two-fold one. In combination with specific surface area measurements, the conformational change was shown to happen only for the first layer of xylan adsorbed in direct interaction with the cellulose surface. MD simulations showed that adsorbed xylan tends to align parallel to the cellulose chain direction fully extended. Interaction energy between xylan chain and cellulose surface estimated with MD was 9kJ/xylose. Then a three-layers system made of xylan between two cellulose films were built to perform adhesion tests that showed strong adhesion between xylan and cellulose surfaces. Xylanase was proposed as a pulp pretreatment for MFC production
Paul, Etienne. "Culture d'Azospirillum lipoferum et conservation des cellules par déshydratation". Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0022.
Testo completoBoudeau, Jérôme. "Pouvoir d'invasion de souches de escherichia coli associees a la muqueuse ilieale de patients atteints de maladie de crohn (doctorat : microbiologie)". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF1MM04.
Testo completoSchany, William J. "The economics of corn cob cellulosic ethanol for northwest Iowa". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14044.
Testo completoDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Michael Woolverton
To meet the demand of the 2007 Energy Bill will require a new approach to ethanol production in the United States. The question persists: how can the ethanol industry in the United States produce 21 billion gallons of ethanol from cellulosic sources? This challenge will require changes in the facilities currently manufacturing ethanol, the collection and storage methods to which the Midwestern farmer is accustomed, and a drastic change in farm production practices. Several different methods of cellulosic ethanol production are being examined. One such method is to change the focus from starch based ethanol to ethanol produced by harvest, collection, and manufacture from corn cobs. Research has included surveys, development of economic models, and focus group meetings to determine the feasibility of corn cobs as a viable raw material source for cellulosic ethanol. Findings indicate that: corn cob collection is feasible for the Midwestern farmer. According to the economic models presented in this thesis, Midwestern farmers can benefit economically from the collection of corn cobs. Further, the collection of corn cobs allows for current ethanol plants to be upgraded with new technology without major change in the manufacturing processes. The focus of this research was to determine which method of corn cob collection was preferable for Midwestern corn producers.
Chebbabi, Richard. "Effet du VIP sur la modulation des réponses des cellules dendritiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28723/28723.pdf.
Testo completoMorvan, Brieuc. "Ecologie et physiologie des microorganismes hydrogénotrophes des écosystèmes digestifs : étude particulière de l'écosystème ruminal". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10241.
Testo completoBaudry, Bernadette. "Séquences plasmidiques responsables de l'entrée de Shigella flexneri dans les cellules eucaryotes". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112035.
Testo completoCoudeyras, Sophie. "Etude des caractéristiques moléculaires du probiotique Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lcr35 et de son interaction avec des cellules humaines". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF1PP05.
Testo completoMicrobiota exert essential beneficial effects on human health which can be reinforced by administering probiotics. These live microorganisms which, according to their definition, confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts, are often isolated from human flora and most belong to the lactic acid bacteria, in particular to the genus Lactobacillus. Thus, the probiotic strain L. Rhamnosus Lcr35 lyophilized with its culture medium constitutes the active substance of pharmaceutical products that have long been used in the treatment of diarrhoea and prevention of bacterial vaginosis in numerous countries woldwide. The aim of our work consisted in molecular characterization of this bacterium and its interactions with the host cells. Using several molecular typing methods (sequencing, ribotyping, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis), we established that strain Lcr35 belongs to the L. Rhamnosus species with a greater similarity to the probiotic L rhamnosus GG than to the species type strain. Patterns obtained from two isolates of Lcr35 sampled 40 years apart bu pulsed-field gel elctrophoresis and repetitive DNA element-based (rep-)PCR could not be distinguished, showing the excellent preservation of the strain over time. In contrast, seven strains belonging to the L. Casei group displayed clearly distinct patterns, despite being phenotypically close. Subtractive hybridization using the L. Rhamnosus GG genome as a driver revealed five Lcr35-specific sequences, of which two were phage-related. On the basis of these findings, rapid and discriminative PCR and rep-PCR methods for routine identification of the probiotic dtrain Lcr35 were developed. In order to qualify the mechanisms of action of this probiotic strain, we first tried to determine which genes were specifically involved in vivo in a murine model, using resolvase-based in vivo expression technology (R-IVET). Although this technique could not be carried through all its stages, those successfully completed are presented and commented on. We also showed that L rhamnosus Lcr35 was able to adhere rapidly and efficiently to immortalized human cervical and vaginal cells in vitro. The strain exhibited microbicidal activity against Prevotella bivia and Gardnerella vaginalis, pathogens frequently involved in bacterial vaginosis, and against the common fungal pathogen Candida albicans, the main causative agent of candidiasis. It is of interest, therefore, as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of common vaginal infection disorders. Finally, analysis of the response of human epithelial (intestinal and vaginal) and dentritic cells in vitro to contact with strain Lcr35 showed significant transcriptional modifications, especially ofr the dendritic cells. The main modifications in expression affect genes involved in immune response, antigen processing and presentation, signal transduction and - particularly in epithelial cells - cell adhesion processes. The modifications in transcriptional responses observed in the human cells were closely correlated to the bacterial inoculum in contact, thus demonstrating a dose-effect relationship
Duffaut, Danièle. "Proprietes d'adhesion du candida albicans aux cellules epitheliales". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU35004.
Testo completoPaula, Caio César Pires de. "Estudo da microbiota edáfica da área cárstica de São Desidério-BA e avaliação do seu potencial celulolítico para possíveis aplicações em microbiologia ambiental". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2101.
Testo completoFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
The cave environments are oligotrophic and have specific characteristics that determine the native microbiota. Few studies have investigated the composition and function of soil microbiota of subterranean environments. This study aimed to expand the knowledge on the cave microbiota, discuss the functional role of the microbiota in these environments, isolate and select fungal strains with biotechnological potential for the degradation of cellulose. Soil epigean environment and two poins inside the cave Catão, São Desiderio BA, were sampled. The amount of total organic carbon, carbon and nitrogen in the microbial biomass and the microbial density was evaluated in the soil. All strains were evaluated for the activities of endoglucanase, β-glucosidase and total cellulase by submerged fermentation. Of these three strains of Aspergillus strains, one strain standard, and a Penicillium the process of solid state fermentation using wheat bran as substrate were selected. We observed a significant difference between epigeal and subterranean environment in relation to physical, chemical and biological soil parameters evaluated. We obtained 20 isolates belonging of the genus Aspergillus (SDC1.1, SDC 1.2, SDC 1.4, SDC 1.6, SDC 2.4, SDC 2.6, SDC 2.8, SDC 2.10, SDC 2.11, SDC 2.12), Penicillium (SDC 1.3, SDC 1.7, SDC 2.2, SDC 2.7, SDC2.9, SDC 2.13), Trichoderma (SDC 2.3), Scopulariopses (SDC 2.1) e Purpureocillium (SDC 2.5). Of all isolates showed 90% cellulolytic activity. During the submerged fermentation endoglucanase activity showed maximum values of 6.39 IU/mL in a strain of Aspergillus sp6 and maximum total cellulase activity was 1.7 IU/ml for Aspergillus sp8 strain. The strain Aspergillus sp6 showed maximum β- glucosidase activity of 13.67 IU/mL. Compared to solid-state fermentation, the Aspergillus sp6 and Aspergillus sp8 strains stood out compared to mutant strain Aspergillus niger 3T5B8, with values of endoglucanase and total cellulase activity higher whole with a lower protein content in their enzymatic extracts. From these resulados, we conclude that the cave environment presents singularities compared to epigean environment which probably allows you to select naturally microorganisms that use alternative sources for energy and nutrients.
Os ambientes cavernícolas são oligotróficos e possuem características específicas que determinam a microbiota local. Poucos estudos têm investigado a composição e funcionalidade da microbiota edáfica de ambientes subterrâneos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento sobre a microbiota cavernícola, discutir o papel funcional da microbiota nesses ambientes, isolar e selecionar linhagens fúngicas com potencial biotecnológico para a degradação de celulose. Foram coletadas amostras de solo do meio epígeo e de dois pontos no interior da caverna do Catão, São Desidério-BA. Nas amostras foram avaliadas as quantidades de carbono orgânico total, a densidade microbiana, carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, bem como isoladas linhagens de fungos filamentosos. Todas as linhagens foram avaliadas quanto as atividades de endoglucanase, celulase total e β-glucosidases por meio de fermentação submersa. Dessas linhagens foram selecioandas três linhagens de Aspergillus, sendo uma linhagem padrão, e uma linhagem de Penicillium para o processo de fermentação em estado sólido, utilizando farelo de trigo como substrato. Observamos uma diferença significativa entre o meio epígeo e subterrâneo em relação aos parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo avaliados. Obtivemos 20 isolados pertencentes aos gêneros Aspergillus (SDC1.1, SDC 1.2, SDC 1.4, SDC 1.6, SDC 2.4, SDC 2.6, SDC 2.8, SDC 2.10, SDC 2.11, SDC 2.12), Penicillium (SDC 1.3, SDC 1.7, SDC 2.2, SDC 2.7, SDC2.9, SDC 2.13), Trichoderma (SDC 2.3), Scopulariopses (SDC 2.1) e Purpureocillium (SDC 2.5). De todos os isolados 90% apresentaram atividade celulolítica. Durante a fermentação submersa a atividade endoglucanase apresentou valores máximos de 6,39 IU/mL em uma linhagem de Aspergillus sp6 e a atividade máxima de celulase total foi de 1,7 IU/mL para uma linhagem Aspergillus sp8. A linhagem Aspergillus sp6 apresentou atividade β-glucosidase máxima de 13,67 IU/mL. Em relação a fermentação em estado sólido, as linhagens Aspergillus sp6 e Aspergillus sp8 se destacaram em relação a linhagem padrão Aspergillus niger 3T5B8, com valores de atividade endoglucanase e celulase total superiores e com um menor conteúdo proteico em seus extratos enzimáticos. A partir desses resultados, concluímos que o ambiente cavernícola apresenta singularidades em relação ao meio epígeo e que provavelmente permite selecionar naturalmente microrganismos que utilizam fontes alternativas para obtenção de energia e nutrientes.
Ducharme, Audrey. "Augmentation de la résistance à la gale commune de cultivars de pomme de terre par l'habituation et la sélection de cellules somatiques". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6579.
Testo completoNanfah, Woda Murielle Patricia. "Etude de la différenciation des HL60 en cellules de type ostéoclastes et rôle des facteurs rhumatoïdes sur la résorption osseuse des ostéoclastes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29880/29880.pdf.
Testo completoHébraud, Michel. "Production et caractérisation des hydrolases sécrétées par les champignons anaérobies du rumen". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10173.
Testo completoCharles-Orszag, Arthur. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms of human endothelial cell plasma membrane remodeling by Neisseria meningitidis". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB045/document.
Testo completoNeisseria meningitidis is a diderm bacterium that is naturally found in the human nasopharynx as a commensal. Occasionally, it can cross the mucosa and reach the underlying blood vessels where it enters the circulation. Once in the bloodstream, it can cause severe septic shock and/or meningitis. The ability of N. meningitidis to cause disease is tightly linked to its ability to interact with human endothelial cells. In particular, upon bacterial adhesion via filamentous organelles called type IV pili, bacteria remodel the host cell plasma membrane in the form of actin-rich, filopodia-like protrusions. These protrusions allow bacteria to resist blood flow-generated shear stress and proliferate on top of the host cells. Unlike many other bacterial pathogens, plasma membrane remodeling induced by N. meningitidis does not require actin polymerization. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this process are unknown. Here, we show that upon adhesion of individual bacteria, the host cell plasma membrane deforms by adhering along type IV pili fibers in a wetting-like fashion. Therefore, type IV pili act as an extracellular scaffold that guide plasma membrane protrusions in an F-actin-independent manner. We further show that the ability of the plasma membrane to deform along nanoscale adhesive structures is an intrinsic property of endothelial cells. Therefore, this study uncovers the mechanism of a key step of N. meningitidis pathophysiology and reveals novel properties of human cell plasma membrane that could be at play in other fundamental cellular processes
Cérède, Odile. "Etudes des mécanismes moléculaires de l'invasion des cellules hotes par Toxoplasma gondii : rôle des protéines de micronèmes". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3804.
Testo completoCell invasion by apicomplexan is associated ith secretion of microneme proteins. We have investigated the role of two soluble MIC1 and MIC3 proteins, which have affinity for cell surface. We have developped an original MIC3 binding essay by transfection of mammalian cells. The receptor binding site of MIC3 is located in the N-terminal chitin binding-like domain, which remains poorly accessible until the adjacent propetide has been cleaved, and shown that binding requires dimerization. Two aromatic amino acids in this domain have been identified to be crucial for binding to cells. Mic1KO, mic1-3KO or mic1-3KO parasites have been genetically engineered. While individual disruption of MIC1 or MIC3 genes slightly reduced virulence, doubly depleted parasites were markedly impaired in virulence and confered protection against oral cyst challenge. Deletion of the MIC1 gene alone affected fibroblast invasion. MIC3 binding function is crucial for expression of virulence
Cunha, Carolina Cândida de Queiroz Brito. "Caracterização de celulases e xilanases produzidas por Streptomyces sp. cultivado em resíduos lignocelulósicos". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3119.
Testo completoRejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: Há problemas nos campos de palavras chaves e citação. Foi acrescentado da seguinte forma: Streptomyces - bagaço de cana. De acordo com as orientações seria: Streptomyces Bagaço de cana Foi acrescentado no campo de citação: Citação: Cunha, Carolina Cândida de Queiroz Brito - Caracterização de celulases e xilanases produzidas por Streptomyces sp. cultivado em resíduos lignocelulósicos - 2012 - 99 f. - Dissertação - Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia (ICB) - Universidade Federal de Goiás - Goiânia, 2012. Deve-se usar a NBR6023, ex.: ALCÂNTARA, Guizelle Aparecida de. Caracterização farmacognostica e atividade antimicrobiana da folha e casca do caule da myrciarostratadc.(myrtaceae). 2012. 41 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012. on 2014-09-19T13:12:18Z (GMT)
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
An actinomycete strain, isolated from cane sugar bagasse (CSB), identified as Streptomyces sp was selected for its ability to produce cellulases. The production of cellulases was analyzed by submerged fermentation by cultivation on minimal medium (MM) containing CSB, wheat bran (WB) or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as carbon source, and yeast extract (YE) as nitrogen source. The results show that WB was the best inducer of CMCases (2.0 U.mL-1). Aiming to analyze the production of cellulases and xylanases kinetics, the isolate was inoculated in minimal medium containing 0.5% (w/v) WB and maintained for 12 days at 45°C under constant agitation of 180 rpm. The highest yield of Avicelase was observed after 264 h of cultivation (5.646 Uml-1), after 144 h for CMCase (3.872 Uml-1), after 144 h for FPase (0.0947 Uml-1) and after 288 h for Xylanase (92.40 Uml- 1). Culture supernatants with maximum activity of Avicelase, CMCase, Fpase and Xylanase were analyzed for optima pH and temperature of the respective enzymes. The highest enzyme activities were detected at pH 7.0 at 35°C for Avicelase, pH 4.5/75°C for CMCase, pH 5.5/45°Cfor FPase and pH 5.5/70°C for Xylanase. The enzymes retained more than 70% of the initial activity after 2 h incubation at 50°C. The profile proteins analyzed by zymogram demonstrated a set of secreted cellulases (37, 21 and 17 kDa) and xylanases (39, 21, 18 and 17 kDa) when grown on FT for 144 h. The saccharification assay with CSB as substrate showed that the enzyme complex was able to release 19% of glucose and 62.9% of xylose.
Uma linhagem de Actinomiceto, isolada do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA), identificada como Streptomyces sp foi selecionada pela sua capacidade de produzir celulases. A produção de celulases foi analisada por fermentação submersa (FS) pelo cultivo do isolado em meio mínimo (MM) contendo BCA, farelo de trigo (FT) ou carboximetilcelulose (CMC) como fonte de carbono, e extrato de levedura (EL) como fonte de nitrogênio. Os resultados demostraram que o FT foi o melhor indutor da produção de CMCases (2,0 U.mL-1). Com o objetivo de analisar a cinética de produção de celulases e xilanases pelo isolado, este foi inoculado em meio mínimo contendo 0,5% (w/v) FT e mantido por 12 dias a 45°C sob agitação constante de 180 rpm. A maior produção de Avicelase foi observada após 264 h de cultivo (5,646 UmL-1), de CMCase após 144 h (3,872 UmL-1), de FPase após 144 h (0,0947 UmL-1) e de Xilanase após 288 h (92,40 UmL-1). Os sobrenantes de cultura com atividade máxima de Avicelase, CMCase, FPase e Xilanase foram analisados quanto ao pH e temperatura ótimos das respectivas enzimas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a maior atividade de Avicelase foi detectada em pH 7,0 a 35°C; CMCase apresentou melhor atividade em pH 4,5 a 75°C; FPase apresentou melhor atividade em pH 5,5 a 45°C e Xilanase apresentou melhor atividade em pH 5,5 a 70°C. Quanto à termoestabilidade, as enzimas presentes mantiveram mais de 70% da atividade inicial após 2 h de incubação a 50°C. O perfil de proteínas analisado por zimograma demonstrou que o isolado secretou um conjunto de celulases (37, 21 e 17 KDa) e xilanases (39, 21, 18 e 17 KDa) quando cultivado em FT por 144 h. No ensaio de sacarificação de BCA o complexo enzimático foi capaz de liberar 19% de glicose e 62,9% de xilose.
Coffman, Anthony M. "Production of Carbohydrases by Fungus Trichoderma Reesei Grown on Soy-based Media". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1381761363.
Testo completoBranting, Christina. "Studies on S̲t̲r̲e̲p̲t̲o̲c̲o̲c̲c̲u̲s̲ m̲u̲t̲a̲n̲s̲ glucans with special reference to cell adhesion". Stockholm : Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18171129.html.
Testo completoVan, Langendonck Nathalie. "Etude des mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans l'infection des cellules épithéliales intestinales par l. Monocytogènes". Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4022.
Testo completoGrepinet, Olivier. "Caracterisation de genes de clostridium thermocellum impliques dans la degradation de la cellulose et du xylane". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077066.
Testo completoCheynier, Rémi. "Electrotransfection de cellules eucaryotes : expression du retrovirus hiv par des cellules lymphoides humaines apres electrotransfection". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066046.
Testo completoDesjardins, Jacynthe. "Capacité des polyphénols à neutraliser les effets cytotoxiques et inflammatoires de la nicotine sur les cellules épithéliales et les fibroblastes buccaux". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27933/27933.pdf.
Testo completoBialek-Davenet, Suzanne. "Résistance et virulence chez Klebsiella pneumoniae : Rôle de l’influx et de l’efflux membranaires". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066008.
Testo completo