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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cellules souche pluripotente induite IPSC"
De Vos, John, Florent Foisset, Amel Nasri, Engi Ahmed, Isabelle Vachier, Arnaud Bourdin e Nelly Frossard. "Construction d’un épithélium bronchique innervé à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes induites iPSC". Morphologie 106, n. 354 (settembre 2022): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2022.06.057.
Testo completoFoisset, F., C. Lehalle, A. Nasri, I. Vachier, S. Assou, A. Bourdin, J. De-Vos e N. Frossard. "Construction d’un épithélium bronchique innervé à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes induites Ipsc". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 39, n. 2 (febbraio 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2022.02.005.
Testo completoDe Vos, John, Mathieu Fiedles, Chloé Bourguignon, Joffrey Mianne, Engi Ahmed, Isabelle Vachier, Arnaud Bourdin e Said Assou. "Modélisation de l’épithélium bronchique à partir de cellules souches humaines pluripotentes induites (iPSC)". Morphologie 103, n. 342 (novembre 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2019.10.029.
Testo completoFoisset, F., C. Lehalle, Q. Muller, V. Flacher e N. Frossard. "Construction d’une muqueuse sous-épithéliale bronchique innervée à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes induites iPSC". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 38, n. 6 (giugno 2021): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2021.02.011.
Testo completoFoisset, F., C. Lehalle, A. Nasri, C. Bourdais, I. Vachier, S. Assou, Q. Muller et al. "Développement d’un modèle d’épithélium bronchique innervé par des neurones sensitifs à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines (iPSCs)". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 40, n. 2 (febbraio 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2022.11.006.
Testo completoStasia, Marie José, Julie Brault, Sylvain Beaumel, Jean-Paul Brion, Jean-Louis Stephan, Vincent Barlogis, Cécile Bost-Bru e Dominique Plantaz. "Développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques pour la granulomatose septique chronique (CGD) grâce au modèle des cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPSCs) générées à partir des fibroblastes de patients atteints de CGD". Revue d'Oncologie Hématologie Pédiatrique 4, n. 4 (dicembre 2016): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oncohp.2016.10.014.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Cellules souche pluripotente induite IPSC"
Jung, Laura. "Optimisation de protocoles de reprogrammation de cellules somatiques humaines en cellules souches à pluripotence induite (hiPSC)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ066.
Testo completoIn 2006 and 2007, Yamanaka and Thomson teams achieved the reprogramming of mouse and human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells through the transfection of two cocktails of genes: OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, cMYC (OSKM) and OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, LIN28 (ONSL). The generated cells, called induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC) share the same fundamental properties of ESC : self-renewing, pluripotency maintenance and capacity of differentiation into the three germ layers and suggest the same application potential in basic research (developmental and epigenetic biology) as well as in therapy (regenerative medicine, disease modeling for drug development). One of the major advantages of iPSC lies in their non-embryonic origin. Indeed, the use of iPSC resolves the ethical constraints and offers the possibility to work with extensive cell types directly from the patient to treat. Stéphane Viville’s research team aims to develop a hiPSC bank from patient suffering from genetic or other diseases which will be available for the scientific community. We are experienced in human primary fibroblasts reprogramming especially with the use of two polycistronic cassettes: ONSL encoding Thomson’s cocktail and OSKM encoding Yamanaka’s cocktail separated with 2A peptides. Thanks to the combination of RV-ONSL and RV-OSKM retroviral vectors (developed with Vectalys) we are yielding more than 2% of reprogramming efficiency in a highly reproducible way. Indeed, we demonstrated the reprogramming synergy of ONSL and OSKM combination. We are now focusing our effort on non-integrative strategies (ie mRNA) which are more appropriate for clinical usage
Raguin, Jérémy. "Modélisation de la niche tumorale des gliomes dans des organoïdes cérébraux humains vascularisés et immunocompétents". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5148.
Testo completoDespite an aggressive multimodal treatment combining surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, glioblastoma (GBM) systematically recurs. Recurrence is due, at least, to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) that are resistant to treatment and, in particular, to irradiation. In addition, GSC are located in a tumour microenvironment that favours their development. Specifically, GSC are associated with vessels, which regulate their proliferation and survival and encourage their invasion. Furthermore, tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) represent the most abundant population of non-tumour cells within GBM and their abundance correlates with GBM severity. These TAM originate from the recruitment of circulating monocytes and microglial cells (resident macrophages) which acquire immunosuppressive (pro-tumour) properties. The recent development of human cerebral organoids obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) makes it possible to model the physiology and pathophysiology of the brain, such as gliomas. These organoids are 3D avatars of the brain, derived from the differentiation of embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC). However, most organoid models lack the vascular and immune systems that play an essential role in the healthy brain and in pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of my thesis was to develop a new model of complex cerebral organoids containing vascularisation and immune cells in order to model the tumour microenvironment of GBM. Several human IPSC lines were differentiated to obtain both cerebral organoids and hemangioblasts (bipotent hematopoietic/endothelial progenitors). The incorporation of hemangioblasts into the cerebral organoids was carried out early in their formation to mimic the colonisation of the brain, during cerebral development, by endothelial cells and primitive macrophages that are at the origin of vessels and microglial cells. These complex cerebral organoids were characterised using various approaches (immunohistological, FACS and RT-qPCR). Extensive vascular structures developed in the organoids and showed characteristics of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, these vascular structures were perfused when the organoids were transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Cells with a microglial phenotype and typical functionalities also developed in complex organoids. GSC lines derived from patients with GBM or grade IV astrocytoma were co-cultured in complex organoids and then irradiated, or not, to model radiotherapy. I showed that GSC appeared to co-opt vascular structures and disrupted the expression of a cell adhesion protein in endothelial cells. Furthermore, the presence of GSC in complex organoids induced reprogramming of microglial cells into immunosuppressive TAM. Finally, GSC had an increased proliferation capacity after irradiation and presented a more aggressive transcriptomic profile. Taken together, these results show that these complex human cerebral organoids can be used to model GBM tumour microenvironment and recurrence after radiotherapy. In conclusion, our model of complex vascularized and immunocompetent cerebral organoids should be useful for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of various brain diseases, such as GBM, and to discover new therapies
Telliam, Gladys. "Leucémie myéloïde chronique : modélisation de l'hématopoïèse leucémique par les cellules souches pluripotentes induites". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS273/document.
Testo completoChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative malignancy initiated by tyrosine kinase activity of the fusion oncoprotein BCR-ABL in very primitive hematopoietic stem cell and characterized by a genetic instability leading to clonal progression. Mechanisms of survival, self-renewal and progression of the disease are difficult to model using primary leukemic cells. The use of iPSC technology could allow reprogramming of leukemic cells to pluripotency with generation of primitive leukemic cells whose evolution can be sequentially analyzed. For this purpose, we generated an IPSC cell line from the leukemic cells of a CML patient and analyzed the possibility to generate a myeloproliferative phenotype. We have shown that this iPSC exhibits an increased hematopoietic potential either via EB or Blast-CFC generation. This potential can be modulated by the action of imatinib, inhibiting autophosphorylation of BCR-ABL and that of CRKL. We show that hematopoietic potential of CML iPSC can also be modulated by using AHR antagonists, which allow further amplification of hematopoietic cells. To evaluate the possibility of generating a clonal progression model in vitro, we have used a mutagenesis strategy. CML iPSC treated by ENU for several weeks generated hematopoietic cells with increased efficiency. These cells showed evidence of cytological and cytogenetic abnormalities reminiscent of a blast crisis. aCGH analyses of hematopoietic cells generated revealed genomic abnormalities described in CML blast crisis and a molecular signature compatible with blast crisis described in CML patients. These results suggest the feasibility of using patient specific iPSC for modeling CML blast crisis, which could be used for discovery of novel biomarkers and drug screening
Secardin, Lise. "Modélisation des néoplasmes myéloprolifératifs grâce aux cellules souches induites à la pluripotence (IPSC)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC313/document.
Testo completoMyeloproliferative neoplasms (NMP) are hematological malignancies that lead to an ovrproduction of one or more myeloid lineages. They are driving by mutations in MPLl/jak2 signaling pathway, mainly JAK2V617F, MPL, and more recently calreticulin (CARL), with two main mutations being calrdel52 and calrins5. These signaling mutations are sometimes associated with epigenetic mutations, the major one being in tet2. The objective of my thesis was to study the role of TET2 and CALRdel52 in MPN thanks to an induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC) model. In the first part i demonstrated the role of TET2 in reprogramming process, probably independently of the catalytic domain. In the second part i demonstrated that CALRdel52 induced a TPO hypersensitivity and a TPO indenpendant growth of the megakaryocytic progenitors as well as a hyperproliferation of the megakaryocytes. This phenotype is associated with a constitutive activation of stat3 and ERK. A G-CSF independent growth of the granulocyte was also demonstrated. In conclusion this work underline the role of an epegenetic factor, TET2, in the reprogramming process and demonstrate the role of CALRdel52in MPN with an endogenous expression model
Gatinois, Vincent. "Pathologies des hélicases et vieillissement précoce : modèle d'étude par dérivation de cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPS)". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT042/document.
Testo completoHelicases process the double-stranded DNA dissociation. They are involved in replication, DNA repair and maintenance of telomeres. In human, 3 helicases display mutations responsible for clinical syndromes: WRN for the Werner syndrome, BLM for the Bloom syndrome and RECQL4 for the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. All these diseases cause premature ageing and high risk of cancer. Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in these diseases are not well defined. Particularly, little is known concerning the link between genomic instability and ageing. During this project, we used blood samples and skin biopsies of affected patients to generate models by reprogramming cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These cells have the advantage of self-renewing and theoretically could be differentiated in all cell types. At the same time, an iPSC senescence control was performed from cells of a Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome patient. iPSCs were characterized for pluripotency. In the aim of recapitulate these pathologies in vitro, we identified sets of cellular and molecular phenotypes. We also engaged differentiation of iPSCs in cell pathways closed to the affected tissues in vivo. Finally, we studied the genomic stability of iPSCs and derived cells. We observed that Bloom cells are susceptible to frequent recombinations and are characterized by a genome instability through all studied cell types. Werner cells showed an instability of telomeres length. Finally, all premature ageing diseases displayed mitochondrial defects
Steichen, Clara. "Eléments d'évaluation pour l'utilisation d'hépatocytes dérivés de cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPSC) en thérapie cellulaire". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077045.
Testo completoAmong the various potential applications of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), this Ph. D project focused on the use of iPSC-derived hepatocytes in cell therapy. Human iPSCs have been generated by repeated transfections of messenger RNAs. The genomic integrity of these cells was analyzed, in comparison with iPSCs generated in parallel by a viral method. The SNP profile of mRNA-iPSC is not significantly different from the parental fibroblasts one, in contrary to what we observed with viral-iPSCs. The number of deletions or duplications (CNVs) is not dependent on the reprogramming method. This genomic analysis also highlighted an atypical mRNA-iPSC line displaying a complex, stable and balanced genomic rearrangement including a large region of de novo uniparental disomy, and a defect in teratoma formation capacity. The second part of this work describes the generation of hiPSCs from hemophilia B patients biopsy. To correct the genetic defect, we used artificial nucleases to drive the insertion of a therapeutic cassette coding the FIX gene. The differentiation of these corrected iPSCs into hepatocytes will allow us to validate this correction approach in vitro first and in vivo in a hemophilia B mouse model. The last part of this PHD work focused on differentiating simian iPSCs into hepatocytes to perform an autologous transplantation into the liver of the donor monkey, alter a portal vein embolization. We would like to establish the proof of principle of an autologous iPSC-based therapy in a non-human primate preclinical model
Hiriart, Emilye. "Modélisation cellulaire des étapes précoces de la valvulogenèse à partir d'un modèle de cellules souches embryonnaires humaines, et étude de l'implication d'Oct4 dans le phénomène de transition endothélio-mésenchymateuse lors de la formation des coussins endocardiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE011.
Testo completoHeart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, nearly 30% of deaths each year are attributable to such diseases; this incidence has also greatly increased in the last century (WHO).Heart disease can be classified into several subgroups of cardiovascular disease based on the tissue affected by the pathology. It thus differs diseases affecting vessels, cardiac muscle, rhythm (fabric pacemaker and conduction) and heart valve disease. Heart valve disease can be caused by defects of innate and acquired or valves represent about 30-40% of heart defects identified. The percentage of patients with valvular heart disease patients increases with age of the patient, in addition, valvular heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity in adults and children in developed countries.These defects may be of genetic origin, congenital, toxicological, with ischemic influence of various risk factors both genetic and environmental, in some cases they can even be caused by medications, if the Benfluorex (Mediator®) are probably the most known. The defects in the valves can have serious consequences on the functioning of the heart. In 2008, the United States, it was necessary to proceed with the replacement of nearly 82,000 heart valves in adult patients.If the replacement heart valves remains a major advance for patients with valvular heart disease, the use of prostheses and transplants valves nevertheless have limitations, including: no growth prostheses, the occurrence of thrombosis and releases in cases of allo-transplantation of gene valves taken from brain dead donors. Thus, it is necessary to study the mechanisms involved early embryonic development, mechanisms that could have a deleterious effect more or less long term leading the development of valvular disease in children or young adults in the old person. For this the use of an in vitro cell model used is a remarkable achievement. This model would both elucidate a number of biological mechanisms during development or pathology, but also hope the development of a protocol for the clinical use of autologous cells reprogrammed to the therapy of patients with valvular tissue or even a therapy including an endogenous repair
Sansac, Caroline. "Modélisation de l'épithélium bronchique humain par la technologie des cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPS)". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT014/document.
Testo completoPluripotent stem cells (PSC) include embryonic stem cells (ES) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). They are defined by two fundamental properties: self-renewal and the capacity to differentiate into all cell types. ES cells are derived from the inner cell mass of embryos. They arouse the interest of the scientific community in particular for their ability to generate all tissues. They provide major therapeutic and pharmacological applications, including regenerative medicine, in vitro modelling of human diseases and molecular screening. However, the use of human blastocysts to generate ES cells raises many ethical problems. iPS circumvent these ethical issues as they can be derived from differentiated somatic tissues. Indeed, S. Yamanaka, Nobel Prize in 2012, discovered in 2006 a simple technique of cellular reprogramming. The transient expression of four genes (OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC and KLF4) is sufficient to reprogram mouse fibroblasts into iPS. These iPS cells have the same morphology and the same properties than ES cells. The following year, S. Yamanaka applied successfully his cocktail to human fibroblasts to produce human iPS (hiPS). hiPS may also overcome immunological problems raised by the use of ES cell for cellular therapy, as hiPS can be derived from the patient to be treated. In addition, it is easier to model genetic diseases from hiPS than ES, because it is possible to choose the donor cells to reprogram according to its genotype. Finally, from a pharmacological point of view, hiPS can provide a broad platform of molecular screening to treat various diseases. The aim of my research project is to use the hiPS technology to model the development of bronchial epithelium. First, in vivo, teratomas were formed by the injection of hiPS into immunodeficient mice. Teratomas highlight the ability of differentiation of our hiPS into bronchial epithelium. Second, in vitro, reproducing embryonic and foetal bronchial development provides a way to model bronchial epithelium in a dish.These techniques open the door to many potential research avenues from screening small molecules to engineering stem cells to repair bronchial epithelium, and will in fine promote new pharmacologic or cell-based treatments for respiratory diseases
Lemonnier, Thomas. "Modélisation de maladies neurodégénératives à l’aide de cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T074/document.
Testo completoReprogramming technology of somatic cells in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) now offers the opportunity to model neurodegenerative diseases and to study patient’s neurons. We used this technology for generating two models of neurodegenerative diseases: the muccopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPSIIIB) and the ALS2 form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the MPSIIIB model, we have shown that iPS and neurons of patients had characteristic defects of the disease such as the accumulation of storage vesicles. Alterations of the Golgi apparatus in these cells were also highlighted. Transcriptome analysis of MPSIIIB neural precursors showed transcriptional changes involving particularly genes implicated in cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Thus, in a subsequent study, alterations of migration and orientation of MPSIIIB mutant mouse cells and MPSIIIB patients’ cells have been demonstrated. These alterations may be responsible for the disruption of neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in sick children. In the ALS2 model, we have shown that patients’ neurons had defects including decreased endosomes’ surface and abnormal neurite outgrowth. As there was previously no relevant cellular model reproducing the disease, this model will now allow the study of physiopathological processes involved in the disease. In conclusion, the generation of iPS cells allows to model neurodegenerative diseases and to study associated physiopathological processes on cultured human neurons. These cell models could allow in the near future the screening of molecules of potential therapeutical interest
Faye, Pierre-Antoine. "Cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPSc) différenciées en motoneurones spinaux : vers des modèles cellulaires de neuropathies périphériques d'origine génétique". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0051/document.
Testo completoInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSc) are a highly interesting tool to create and observe the behavior of specific and unattainable cells from a patient. Our team is interested in genetic peripheral nerves disorders and especially in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). One of our objectives is the development of motor neurons models from patients using the iPSc strategy in order to better understand the pathophysiology of GDAP1-related neuropathies. This gene was found in 1998 to be mutated in an axonal form of CMT and encodes a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which function remains unclear. We first obtained dermal fibroblasts (DF) from skin biopsies of a healthy person and of a homozygous patient carrying GDAP1 non-sense mutation (p.Gln163*). Then, we reprogrammed DFs into iPSc using non-integrative plasmids (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and l-Myc). After amplification, all quality controls were performed to conclude that our iPSc had the same properties and capacities than embryonic stem cells and a normal karyotype. Finally, we optimized protocols to successfully differentiate these iPSc into rosettes (structures full of neural progenitors), then into neurons and finally into motor neurons for control and GDAP1 patients. The first differences between control and patient cells were observed during the rosette formation, where a lot of patient cells were full of lipid droplets, and the rosette proportion was lower than the control cells. Mitochondria morphology was totally different in motor neurons between control and patient, where mitochondria had the same morphology than the mitochondria observed in patient nerve biopsies (round and accumulated). In order to reduce the time of differentiation, a cell sorting method was used (SdFFF). It allowed us to sort different progenitors (neural / endothelial). Generation of motor neurons using axonal CMT-patient-derived iPSc was a first crucial step to better understand the role of GDAP1 in this pathology. This cellular model of CMT4A should ultimately allow us to perform preclinical drug screening in order to identify candidate pharmacological treatments for CMT patients