Articoli di riviste: "Cell suspension"

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Horie, Masanori, Haruhisa Kato, Shigehisa Endoh, Ayako Nakamura, Junko Maru, Naohide Shinohara e Katsuhide Fujita. "Effects of Various Carbon Nanotube Suspensions on A549, THP-1, and Peritoneal Macrophage Cells". Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 24 (luglio 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.24.1.

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The effects of iron content, fiber length, and stability of carbon nanotube (CNT) suspension on cells were examined. Five kinds of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) suspensions were prepared: with catalytic iron, without iron, long SWCNTs (stable), short SWCNTs (stable), and short SWCNT (unstable). These suspensions were applied to A549, THP-1, and mouse peritoneal macrophage cells. After a 24-h exposure, the mitochondrial activity, cell membrane damage, intracellular oxidative stress, and expression of cytokine genes were determined. Among these properties of SWCNTs, stability of CNT suspension had the most influence on the cells, whereas the effects of iron content and fiber length were small. The unstable SWCNT suspension caused a substantial increase in intracellular ROS levels. Additionally, the cellular effects of stable multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were examined. The MWCNT suspension did not show any cellular effects. Overall, influences of CNT suspension on mitochondrial activity and cell membrane damage were small. These results suggest that the physical properties of CNT suspension are important factors for their cellular effects. Thus, CNT suspensions prepared with the same material but having different physical properties would differ in the cellular effects they exert, including cytotoxicity. Therefore, physical characterization of CNT suspensions is essential to the evaluation of CNT toxicity. In particular, stability of CNT suspension notably influenced the intracellular ROS level.

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Greer, Ann Francine, e Zohreh Tabaeizadeh. "Characterization and plant regeneration of cell suspension cultures of Lycopersicon chilense". Canadian Journal of Botany 69, n. 10 (1 ottobre 1991): 2257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-283.

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To produce calli for the establishment of a cell suspension, leaf, stem, and petiole explants of Lycopersicon chilense Dun., grown in vitro and in the soil, were cultured on media containing 15 different combinations of benzylaminopurine, kinetin, and indole acetic acid. Among the three types of tissues, leaf explants showed the best response. Cell suspension cultures of L. chilense were established from leaf callus derived from soil grown plants using Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate (250 mg/L), coconut water (5%), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2 mg/L). Once established, cell suspensions showed a rapid growth rate with no marked lag phase. Shooting via organogenesis occurred from callus derived from cell suspensions on medium containing 2 mg/L benzylaminopurine. Regenerated plants had the same morphology as the original plants. Key words: Lycopersicon chilense, tomato, tissue culture, cell suspensions, organogenesis, plant regeneration.

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Stano, J., K. Mičieta A Barth, M. Valšíková, M. Fulmeková, P. Matejka e M. Varadínová. "Identification of sucrase activity in cell suspension and culture medium of melon". Horticultural Science 32, No. 3 (23 novembre 2011): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3774-hortsci.

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The activity of (soluble acid) sucrase was detected in a culture medium of the cell suspension culture of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L.). A simple and rapid procedure for the identification and determination of extracellular sucrase from a culture medium of watermelon cell suspension cultures is described. Sucrose was used as a substrate for the determination of extracellular and intracellular activities of the enzyme. Intracellular activity was estimated from the cell suspension. The results show a 91.5–92.0% intracellular and 8.0–8.5% extracellular distribution of sucrase activity. The described method enables to carry out a rapid, simple and specific detection of extracellular sucrase in plants.  

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Teng, Whei-Lan, Yann-Jiun Liu e Tai-Sen Soong. "Rapid Regeneration of Lettuce from Suspension Culture". HortScience 27, n. 9 (settembre 1992): 1030–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.9.1030.

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An efficient method for the regeneration of shoots directly from cell suspensions of three commercial cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Great Lakes 659-700, Salad Bowl, and Prize Head) is described. Cell suspensions were prepared by osterizing cotyledon-derived callus for 60 seconds. The effects of callus quality, light intensity, carbohydrate type and concentration, auxins, and cytokinins on cell growth and differentiation in the suspension culture were examined. Among these factors, callus quality and carbohydrates were the most critical. The optimal medium for regeneration of shoots in suspension culture was SH (Schenk and Hilderbrandt) basal medium containing 1000 mg myo -inositol/liter, 1.5% glucose, 0.44 μm BA, and 0.54 μm NAA. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.8. Under such condition, hundreds of shoots could be produced from 50 to 55 mg (dry wt) of cell aggregates within 2 weeks. Chemical names used: α-] naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); indole3-acetic acid (IAA); 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).

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Liu, Sheng-Long, Lu Yang, Cheng-Jun Zhu, Kai Liu, Wei Han e Jia-Feng Yao. "A method of identifying cell suspension concentration based on bioimpedance spectroscopy". Acta Physica Sinica 71, n. 7 (2022): 078701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211837.

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Based on bioimpedance spectroscopy technology, a method of automatically identifying the cell suspension concentration is proposed. This method combines multiple linear regression algorithm and bioimpedance spectroscopy technology, which can identify the concentration of cell suspension quickly and accurately. Firstly, a strategy of random distribution of cell locations is proposed to simulate the true existence of cells. Secondly, 2400 groups of normal, cancerous and mixed cell models with different concentrations are generated by numerical simulation and their bioimpedance spectroscopy data are calculated.Thirdly, the multiple linear regression algorithm (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting regression algorithm (GBR) are used to identify the concentration of cancerous cells. The simulation results show that the MLR is the best regression model for cell suspension concentration identification and its average goodness of fit and mean square error are 0.9997 and 0.0008respectively. Finally, the MLR is applied to the identification of red blood cell suspensions with different concentrations, the experimental results show that the average goodness of fit and mean square error are 0.9998 and 0.0079, respectively, indicating that this method has a greater ability to identify cell suspension concentrations.

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Oman, Srecko F., M. Filomena Camões, Kipton J. Powell, Raj Rajagopalan e Petra Spitzer. "Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions Part B. Guidelines for practical pH measurements in soil suspensions (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2007): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779010081.

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The measured cell potentials for suspension potentiometric cells have been interpreted and explained by a detailed analysis of the schemes for these cells ["Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions. Part A. The suspension effect (IUPAC Technical Report", Pure Appl. Chem.79, 67 (2007)]. Some former disagreements amongst investigations have been clarified. A new unambiguous operational definition of the suspension effect (SE) is presented. It is defined as the difference in cell potential for two suspension potentiometric cells, one with both electrodes in the separated equilibrium solution (eqs) and the other with both electrodes in the sediment or suspension. This potential difference is the sum of the change in the indicator electrode (IE) potential and the change in the liquid junction potential of the reference electrode (RE), when the electrodes are used for measurement, once in the sediment of the suspension and then in its eqs.

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Eilert, U., B. Wolters e F. Constabel. "Ultrastructure of acridone alkaloid idioblasts in roots and cell cultures of Ruta graveolens". Canadian Journal of Botany 64, n. 6 (1 giugno 1986): 1089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-149.

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Histological analysis of Ruta graveolens L. roots and in vitro grown cell suspensions revealed idioblasts with vacuoles containing clusters of droplets thought to be the storage compartment of acridone alkaloids. These idioblasts contained numerous vacuoles of varying sizes rather than the large, single, central vacuole characteristic of most adjacent parenchyma cells. The structure of idioblasts in roots and suspension cultures was identical. Treatment of suspension cultures with fungal elicitors known to increase alkaloid accumulation greatly did not affect the structure of idioblasts.

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Kaiser, Stephan C., Katharina Blaschczok e Dieter Eibl. "Novel CHO Suspension Cell Cultivation". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 33, n. 14 (agosto 2013): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.33.14.17.

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Curtis, Wayne R., e Alden H. Emery. "Plant cell suspension culture rheology". Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42, n. 4 (5 agosto 1993): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420416.

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Sherwood, J. D. "Cell models for suspension viscosity". Chemical Engineering Science 61, n. 20 (ottobre 2006): 6727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.07.016.

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Furmanowa, Mirosława, e Lucyna Rapczewska. "Cell suspension culture of Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter: growth, organogenesis and alkaloid production". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 50, n. 4 (2014): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1981.083.

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The paper discusses the growth of cell suspension cultures of <em>Amsonia tabernaemontana</em> Walter established from callus of hypocotyl origin. The cell number and growth increment were determined. Cellular aggregates developed well in the Wood and Braun (WB) medium with 1 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l kinetin (growth increment 712.4). When the aggregates were cultured on WB media without NAA and kinetin or with 0.02 mg/l kinetin and 3 mg/l IAA, Toots developed an the aggregates. Examiination of the roots and cell suspensions indicates that the Toots are richer in alkaloids than the callus and cell suspensions.

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Djordjevic, Bozidar, e Christopher S. Lange. "Cell-cell interactions in spheroids maintained in suspension". Acta Oncologica 45, n. 4 (gennaio 2006): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841860500520743.

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Nie, Minghao, Shogo Nagata, Hoshimi Aoyagi, Akane Itou, Ai Shima e Shoji Takeuchi. "Cell-laden microfibers fabricated using μl cell-suspension". Biofabrication 12, n. 4 (5 agosto 2020): 045021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ab89cb.

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Calderan-Rodrigues, Maria Juliana, Elisabeth Jamet, Maria Beatriz Calderan Rodrigues Bonassi, Simone Guidetti-Gonzalez, Amanda Carmanhanis Begossi, Laís Vaz Setem, Livia Maria Franceschini, Juliana Guimarães Fonseca e Carlos Alberto Labate. "Cell wall proteomics of sugarcane cell suspension cultures". PROTEOMICS 14, n. 6 (marzo 2014): 738–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201300132.

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Mueller-Klieser, W., R. Zander e P. Vaupel. "A new photometric method for oxygen consumption measurements in cell suspensions". Journal of Applied Physiology 61, n. 2 (1 agosto 1986): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.2.449.

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A new technique is described for measuring O2 consumption rates and O2 concentrations in suspensions of respiring cells. Aliquots of a cell suspension kept in a special thermostated precision syringe are injected into the measuring system in defined time intervals. The O2 content of these samples is determined photometrically, as reported previously. The O2 consumption per cellular wet weight and/or per single cell can be calculated from the cell volume fraction, the physical density, the cell concentration in the suspension, and the time-dependent decline of the O2 concentration in the precision syringe. The minimum detectable amount of O2 is 0.1 microliter O2, which corresponds to 0.001 (vol/vol) of O2 if a 100-microliters sample of suspended cells is analyzed. Reproducibility of the O2 consumption measurement is 9% of the measured value. The advantages offered by this method are the straightforward calibration in absolute terms, the short time required for one analysis (2–6 min), a high sensitivity, the simultaneous determination of overall O2 concentration and O2 consumption rates in cell suspensions, and the great variability in the application.

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Kikowska, Małgorzata, Agata Włodarczyk, Anna Stochmal, Jerzy Żuchowski e Barbara Thiem. "Pentacyclic triterpenoids and polyphenols accumulation in cell suspension culture of Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach". Herba Polonica 65, n. 1 (1 marzo 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2019-0002.

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Summary Introduction: Callus and cell suspension cultures are widely applied in investigation of production of high-value secondary metabolites, which may be used as cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Plant cell cultures are promising alternative to intact plant sources for the production of plant-derived drugs of industrial importance. Objective: The aim of the study was to (i) initiate the cell suspension culture of Chaenomeles japonica from homogenous and uniform callus, (ii) stabilize the selected line and (iii) verify its ability to produce the desired groups of secondary metabolites – pentacyclic triterpenoids and polyphenols. Methods: To establish a cell suspension culture, stabilized and homogeneous callus was selected. Cell cultures were systematically passaged every 2 weeks to fresh liquid medium with the same composition. Biomass from cultures at the growth phase and stationary phase was designated for phytochemical research. UHPLC-DAD-MS analyzes were performed. At the same time, their macroscopic and microscopic observations were carried out. Results: Cells of suspension culture line A2 were characterized by the intense divisions. Cell culture extracts (both from the growth phase and stationary phase) contained pentacyclic triterpenoids. In addition, phe-nolic compounds (chlorogenic acid and proanthocyanidins type B) and in a small amount also epicatechin are present in the extract of the cells harvested from the growth phase. In the present studies, three pentacyclic triterpenoids were detected and quantified in the extracts of cell suspensions and callus line A2. Ursolic and oleanolic acids were the main triterpenoids in the studied extracts. The cell suspension culture from the growth phase exhibited the highest content of ursolic, oleanolic, and betulinic acid (separately and together). Conclusion: The cell suspension culture of Chaenomeles japonica is a promising source of pentacyclic triterpenoids.

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Chen, Wusi, Jeffrey G. Norcini, Robert S. Kalmbacher e James H. Aldrich. "Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Wiregrass (Aristida stricta) and Creeping Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium var. stoloniferum)". HortScience 33, n. 3 (giugno 1998): 479a—479. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.479a.

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Initiation of callus and induction of embryogenesis were achieved from both wiregrass and creeping bluestem. MS basal medium containing coconut milk, sucrose, and 2,4-D were used to initiate callus from young inflorescence of wiregrass and creeping bluestem. The presence of 2,4-D was found to be essential for the induction and early development of embryoids, possibly up to the globular stage. In the case of bluestem, initiation of embryogenic callus required the presence of a low concentration of BA; using only 2,4-D resulted in more non-embryogenic callus. More globular embryos were formed when embryogenic cultures grew rapidly without subculturing, or after being transferred to a hormone-free or a reduced 2,4-D medium. Plant regeneration was carried on a hormone-free MS medium. Initiation of cell suspension and induction of embryoid formation of wiregrass were achieved. However, maintaining cell suspensions seems to have some problems. A majority of the cells were thick-walled, elongated, and non-dividing. No embryos were formed in suspension cultures planted onto solid media. Reinitiation of cell suspension culture of wiregrass is in progress. Initiation of creeping bluestem cell suspension culture was carried out in MS basal medium containing coconut milk, sucrose, and 2,4-D. The maintenance of the cell suspension cultures and induction of embryoid formation were tested under different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators. Suspension cultures were selected and planted onto semi-solid MS basal medium with or without growth regulators. Somatic embryoids formed from suspension culture 3 to 4 weeks after being planted on semi-solid medium. Germination and plant regeneration of somatic embryoid of creeping bluestem are in progress.

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Sharaf Eldin, Osama, Mahmoud M. Elfar e Abdel-Motaal Fouda. "Assessment of Global Methylation in Paraffin Embedded Prostatic Tissues and Cell Lines Using Flow Cytometry". Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 1, n. 1 (20 marzo 2018): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/ammr.v1i1.495.

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Background. The aim of this study is to measure global 5-methylcystosine (5MeC) methylation in paraffin embedded prostatic tissues and cell lines using flow cytometry. Methods. Cell/nuclei suspension from 10 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 10 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma, and two prostatic cell lines (PNT1A and LNCaP) were prepared using modified heat pretreatment technique. 5MeC global methylation was assessed by flow cytometry of cell/nuclei suspension and immunostaining of tissue sections. Results. Higher percentage of positively stained cells (PPSC) and mean channel fluorescence (MCF) were detected in PNT1A cell line and BPH cell/nuclei suspensions as compared to LNCaP cell lines and adenocarcinoma cell/nuclei suspensions. Lower scores of 5MeC immunostaining were observed in all prostate adenocarcinoma tissue sections as compared to BPH sections indicating global hypomethylation in prostate adenocarcinoma. Two distinctive populations of cells were detected in histograms generated from most of the BPH cell/nuclei suspensions. Conclusion. The study developed a novel technique that could measure 5MeC global methylation in paraffin embedded prostatic tissues. This represents a rapid and objective assessment of methylation and when combined with tissue micro-dissection and cell sorting, this technique could be applied to larger tissue samples such as post radical prostatectomy and transurethral resected specimens.

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Yazid, Muhammad Dain, Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin, Sahidan Senafi, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin e Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab. "Stem Cell Heterogeneity of Mononucleated Cells from Murine Peripheral Blood: Molecular Analysis". Scientific World JOURNAL 11 (2011): 2150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2011/340278.

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The main purpose of this paper was to determine the heterogeneity of primary isolated mononucleated cells that originated from the peripheral blood system by observing molecular markers. The isolated cells were cultured in complete medium for 4 to 7 days prior to the separation of different cell types, that is, adherent and suspension. Following a total culture time of 14 days, adherent cells activated theCd105gene while suspension cells activated theSca-1gene. Both progenitor markers,Cbfa-1andOstf-1, were inactivated in both suspension and adherent cells after 14-day culture compared to cells cultured 3 days in designated differentiation medium. In conclusion, molecular analyses showed that primary mononucleated cells are heterogeneous, consisting of hematopoietic stem cells (suspension) and mesenchymal stem cells (adherent) while both cells contained no progenitor cells.

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Jones, K. H., e J. A. Senft. "An improved method to determine cell viability by simultaneous staining with fluorescein diacetate-propidium iodide." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 33, n. 1 (gennaio 1985): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/33.1.2578146.

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A rapid, simultaneous double-staining procedure using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) is described for use in the determination of cell viability in cell suspension. Air-dried slide preparations can be made from the cell suspensions so that an accurate estimate of the viability of the cells in the original suspension can be made up to 1 week later. Viable cells fluoresce bright green, while nonviable cells are bright red. Furthermore, when FDA-PI staining is compared to trypan blue dye exclusion as a method to determine cell viability, FDA-PI is found to be more consistent over prolonged periods of exposure to the dyes. Therefore, double staining with FDA-PI is a rapid, convenient, and reliable method to determine cell viability.

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Ketchart, O., A. Treetong, P. Na-Ubon e N. Supaka. "Determination the Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Gram-Positive Bacterial Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy". Advanced Materials Research 506 (aprile 2012): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.202.

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The atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to study the significant effects of silver (Ag) nanoparticles-treated on the elastic cell wall of bacteria. In this study, the exposed Staphylococcus aureus was grown at 37 °C for 14 h. The cultures were centrifuged and cell pellets were resuspended in Milli-Q water to prepare final bacterial suspensions. A drop of bacterial suspension was deposited on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet and allowed to air dry at room temperature before imaging. The cell suspension was collected at certain time intervals from the beginning of the test. The morphology of the cell surface compares between without treatment and Ag-treated cell suspension was investigated. The force mappings were obtained for the PDMS substrate and for the bacteria while scanning obliquely. The contribution of the internal osmotic pressure, to obtain a quantitative measure for the elasticity of the cell wall, had to be estimated. The pyramid-shaped AFM tip indented into a soft cell and the resulting bacterial surface was flat, and irreversible changed of bacterial cell structure. The investigation is attempted to understand pronounced effect of Ag nanoparticles on the individual gram-positive bacterial cell after treated with Ag nanoparticles.

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Tung, Nguyen Thanh, Thi Pham Thi Diem, Dang Ngoc Sang, Do Thi Thao e Hoang Tan Quang. "Biomass Accumulation of Gynostemma Pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino in Cell Suspension Cultures inhibiting Human Cancer Cell Growth". Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, n. 3 (25 febbraio 2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1703rjbt6168.

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Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GpM) is a medicinal plant in traditional medicine throughout Asia for the treatment of several diseases including cancer. GpM plant cell suspension cultures provide a time and cost effective well-controlled means promising a high-yielding biomass production of pharmaceutical compounds. The purpose of the current work is to investigate the effect of GpM cell suspension cultures on human cancer cell lines growth. The biomass was produced by cell suspension culture of GpM callus into 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of liquid medium culture. Gypenosides in GpM were confirmed by HPLC. Pharmacological activities of GpM extract were tested on human cancer cell line (HepG2, Huh7, A549 and HL-60) using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) cytotoxicity assay and Tetrazolium (MTT) assay. We successfully produced 5.485 ± 0.223 g GpM fresh biomass per 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask after 18 days culture. Total gypenosides and Rb1 in dry cell suspension were 48.844 ± 3.933 mg/g and 0.041 ± 0.004 mg/g. The crude extract from GpM cell suspension cultures exhibited significant cancerous cell growth inhibition in a dose dependent manner. From the MTT assay and SRB cytotoxicity assay, it is obvious that GpM cell suspension culture extract at 200 μg/mL significantly inhibited the growth of multiple human cancer cells including hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, Huh7), lung carcinoma cell line (A549) and leukemia cell line (HL-60). Anti-cancer cell proliferation properties of GpM cell suspension culture were significantly higher than those of natural plants’ extracts. In this framework, GpM in cell suspension cultures was found to inhibit the proliferation of several human cancer cells. Biomass accumulation of GpM in cell suspension cultures may contribute to the development of efficient strategies for plant-derived anticancer compound production.

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MacMECCAN, ROBERT M., J. R. CLAUSEN, G. P. NEITZEL e C. K. AIDUN. "Simulating deformable particle suspensions using a coupled lattice-Boltzmann and finite-element method". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 618 (10 gennaio 2009): 13–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008004011.

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A novel method is developed to simulate suspensions of deformable particles by coupling the lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) for the fluid phase to a linear finite-element analysis (FEA) describing particle deformation. The methodology addresses the need for an efficient method to simulate large numbers of three-dimensional and deformable particles at high volume fraction in order to capture suspension rheology, microstructure, and self-diffusion in a variety of applications. The robustness and accuracy of the LBM–FEA method is demonstrated by simulating an inflating thin-walled sphere, a deformable spherical capsule in shear flow, a settling sphere in a confined channel, two approaching spheres, spheres in shear flow, and red blood cell deformation in flow chambers. Additionally, simulations of suspensions of hundreds of biconcave red blood cells at 40% volume fraction produce continuum-scale physics and accurately predict suspension viscosity and the shear-thinning behaviour of blood. Simulations of fluid-filled spherical capsules which have red-blood-cell membrane properties also display deformation-induced shear-thinning behaviour at 40% volume fraction, although the suspension viscosity is significantly lower than blood.

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Grimes, Howard D. "Biotinylation of Cell Surface Proteins in Carrot Suspension Cells". Journal of Plant Physiology 139, n. 1 (novembre 1991): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80163-x.

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Zhang, Hongyan, Wenxia Wang, Heng Yin, Xiaoming Zhao e Yuguang Du. "Oligochitosan induces programmed cell death in tobacco suspension cells". Carbohydrate Polymers 87, n. 3 (febbraio 2012): 2270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.059.

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Rogers, Suzanne M. D., Victoria E. Rudolph e Kalyani Dias. "CELL GROWTH OF EUCALYPTUS SUSPENSION CULTURE". HortScience 25, n. 9 (settembre 1990): 1154e—1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1154e.

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A suspension culture of Eucalyptus tereticornis was initiated from callus and grown for 7 months under indirect light in a Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium containing 3% glucose and 1 mg/l 2,4-D. Glucose was used, instead of sucrose, as it reduced production of phenolic-like compounds. The inoculum size for maximum cell yield was determined. Cells (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g fresh weight) were cultured in basal medium for 14 days. Maximum fresh weight (mean 11.8 g) was attained from samples inoculated with at least 1.0 g of cells. Largest dry weight (mean 608 mg) occurred following, inoculation with at least 0.5 g fresh weight of cells. Inoculation with 0.5 g of cells resulted in the most rapid fresh weight doubling time (3.4 days).After 17 months of culture, cells were grown in basal medium or m basal medium supplemented with 1 mg/l kinetin, under continuous, direct light. Growth, based on fresh and dry weight increases, was measured over the 2-week subculture period. Growth of cells was similar in both media. The cells' chlorophyll content remained low. Fresh weight doubling time averaged 3.8 days.

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Olownia, Johanna. "Plant and Animal Suspension Cell Cultures". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 33, n. 21 (dicembre 2013): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.33.21.17.

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KASHIWAYANAGI, MAKOTO, KIMIE SAI e KENZO KURIHARA. "Cell Suspension from Porcine Olfactory Mucosa." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 510, n. 1 Olfaction and (novembre 1987): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb43569.x.

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Chia, T. F., C. S. Hew e Y. K. Lee. "Cell Suspension Culture of Hedyotis Spp." Botanical Gazette 149, n. 4 (dicembre 1988): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/337729.

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Woo, Im-Sun, In-Koo Rhee e Heui-Dong Park. "Differential Damage in Bacterial Cells by Microwave Radiation on the Basis of Cell Wall Structure". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, n. 5 (1 maggio 2000): 2243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.2243-2247.2000.

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ABSTRACT Microwave radiation in Escherichia coli andBacillus subtilis cell suspensions resulted in a dramatic reduction of the viable counts as well as increases in the amounts of DNA and protein released from the cells according to the increase of the final temperature of the cell suspensions. However, no significant reduction of cell density was observed in either cell suspension. It is believed that this is due to the fact that most of the bacterial cells inactivated by microwave radiation remained unlysed. Scanning electron microscopy of the microwave-heated cells revealed severe damage on the surface of most E. coli cells, yet there was no significant change observed in the B. subtilis cells. Microwave-injuredE. coli cells were easily lysed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), yet B. subtilis cells were resistant to SDS.

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Morais-Lino, Lucymeire Souza, Janay Almeida dos Santos-Serejo, Sebastião de Oliveira e. Silva, José Raniere Ferreira de Santana e Adilson Kenji Kobayashi. "Cell suspension culture and plant regeneration of a Brazilian plantain, cultivar Terra". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 43, n. 10 (ottobre 2008): 1325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2008001000010.

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The objective of this study was to establish cell suspension culture and plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of a Brazilian plantain, cultivar Terra Maranhão, AAB. Immature male flowers were used as explant source for generating highly embryogenic cultures 45 days after inoculation, which were used for establishment of cell suspension culture and multiplication of secondary somatic embryos. Five semisolid culture media were tested for differentiation, maturation, somatic embryos germination and for plant regeneration. An average of 558 plants per one milliliter of 5% SCV (settled cell volume) were regenerated in the MS medium, with 11.4 µM indolacetic acid and 2.2 µM 6-benzylaminopurine. Regenerated plants showed a normal development, and no visible somaclonal variation was observed in vitro. It is possible to regenerate plants from cell suspensions of plantain banana cultivar Terra using MS medium supplemented with 11.4 µM of IAA and 2.2 µM of BAP.

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32

Rohela, Gulab Khan, Prasad Bylla, Sreenu Pendli, Rajender Korra, Rajender Gandu e Christopher Reuben. "High performance liquid chromatography based quantification of reserpine in Rauwolfia tetraphylla L. and enhanced production through precursor feeding". Acta Chromatographica 34, n. 2 (7 settembre 2021): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1326.2021.00888.

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Abstract Rauwolfia tetraphylla L., is an important medicinal plant in Apocynaceae family and is recognized as an alternative source to Rauwolfia serpentina L., in terms of anti-hypertensive alkaloid production i.e. reserpine. In view of this, the present study is conducted to estimate the reserpine content in different parts (leaf, stem and root) of field grown plants (2 years old), tissue cultured plantlets (R1) (two months old) and cell suspensions cultures (two months old with and without precursor feeding) of R. tetraphylla by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Overall maximum content of reserpine (in %) was estimated from the root samples. Roots of field grown plants has recorded high percent of reserpine (0.39%) followed by roots of tissue cultured plantlets (0.35%) and root callus based cell suspension cultures (0.38 %) which was fed with precursor amino acid (100 mg/L of tryptophan). In control type of root callus based cell suspension cultures, reserpine content was quantified as 0.14%; by precursor feeding (100 mg/L of tryptophan) it was enhanced to 0.38%. In conclusion, the reserpine content (0.35 and 0.38%) produced by the roots of tissue cultured plantlets (R1) and 100 mg/L tryptophan fed root callus based cell suspensions was comparable to that of the reserpine content (0.39%) of root parts of field grown plants. The present study demonstrates the reserpine production by in vitro cell suspension cultures throughout the year without sacrificing the medicinal plants.

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Lipsitz, Yonatan Y., Curtis Woodford, Ting Yin, Jacob H. Hanna e Peter W. Zandstra. "Modulating cell state to enhance suspension expansion of human pluripotent stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n. 25 (4 giugno 2018): 6369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714099115.

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The development of cell-based therapies to replace missing or damaged tissues within the body or generate cells with a unique biological activity requires a reliable and accessible source of cells. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have emerged as a strong candidate cell source capable of extended propagation in vitro and differentiation to clinically relevant cell types. However, the application of hPSC in cell-based therapies requires overcoming yield limitations in large-scale hPSC manufacturing. We explored methods to convert hPSC to alternative states of pluripotency with advantageous bioprocessing properties, identifying a suspension-based small-molecule and cytokine combination that supports increased single-cell survival efficiency, faster growth rates, higher densities, and greater expansion than control hPSC cultures. ERK inhibition was found to be essential for conversion to this altered state, but once converted, ERK inhibition led to a loss of pluripotent phenotype in suspension. The resulting suspension medium formulation enabled hPSC suspension yields 5.7 ± 0.2-fold greater than conventional hPSC in 6 d, for at least five passages. Treated cells remained pluripotent, karyotypically normal, and capable of differentiating into all germ layers. Treated cells could also be integrated into directed differentiated strategies as demonstrated by the generation of pancreatic progenitors (NKX6.1+/PDX1+ cells). Enhanced suspension-yield hPSC displayed higher oxidative metabolism and altered expression of adhesion-related genes. The enhanced bioprocess properties of this alternative pluripotent state provide a strategy to overcome cell manufacturing limitations of hPSC.

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34

Hotter, Grant S. "Elicitor-induced Oxidative Burst and Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Pinus radiata Cell Suspension Cultures". Functional Plant Biology 24, n. 6 (1997): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp96094.

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A cell wall elicitor preparation from the needle pathogen Dothistroma pini was used to induce defence responses in Pinus radiata cell suspension cultures. Addition of elicitor to cell suspensions induced a rapid, transient burst in the accumulation of H2O2, with maximal response between 20 and 40 min post-elicitation. The protein kinase inhibitors staurosporine and K252a inhibited H2O2 accumulation showing that protein phosphorylation is required in the signal transduction pathway leading to the oxidative burst. Over a more extended time period elicitation of suspension cells lead to the activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5), the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, increased 8-fold following elicitation with maximal activity 36 h post-elicitation. The activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.195), an enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, increased 2.5-fold with maximal response 48–72 h post-elicitation. Thioglycolic acid extractable material increased 2-fold with maximal response 48–72 h post-elicitation, and phloroglucinol–HCl-positive material increased over the same time course. These data show that P. radiata suspension cells are an excellent model system for investigating the biochemistry and enzymology of pathogen defence responses in P. radiata.

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Plunkett, Robert J., Richard J. Weber e Edward H. Oldfield. "Stereotaxic implantation of dispersed cell suspensions into brain". Journal of Neurosurgery 69, n. 2 (agosto 1988): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.2.0228.

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✓ The application of several recent advances in cell biology, brain implantation, and cell-mediated tumor immunotherapy requires successful and reproducible placement of viable cell suspensions into brain. Stereotaxic implantation is being used to inject cytotoxic lymphocytes into gliomas and to replace dopaminergic cells in parkinsonian models. Systematic assessment of the factors that influence success in implantation of cell suspensions into solid tissues is needed. A model was developed for investigation of stereotaxic implantation using radiolabeled rat lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Anesthetized rats received microliter injections of cell suspension into the right caudate nucleus. The injection volume, cell concentration, infusion rate, and needle size were varied systematically. The animals were sacrificed 1 hour after injection; the brain was removed and sectioned, and the radioactivity was counted. Three aliquots of the suspension were injected into counting tubes for control analysis. Recovery of radioactivity was expressed as the percent of mean counts per minute (cpm) in the right frontal lobe/mean cpm in the three control tubes. To assess the viability of implanted cells, the right frontal region was mechanically dissociated in media and centrifuged, and the pellet and supernatant were counted. By using small needles and slow infusion of volumes of 10 µl or less, 85% to 90% of the radioactivity was recovered in the caudate nucleus. At least half of the implanted cells were viable. Consistent, accurate implantation of dispersed cells into brain over a range of volumes, cell concentrations, infusion rates, and needle sizes was achieved.

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Li, Xueming, QuanQuan Song, Yuxin Pei, Hai Dong, Teodor Aastrup e Zhichao Pei. "Direct attachment of suspension cells to PDA surface and its application in suspension-cell QCM biosensor". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 326 (gennaio 2021): 128823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128823.

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37

Bundithya, W., e S. L. Kitto. "OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES OF THLASPI CAERULESCENS AND BRASSICA NAPUS". HortScience 30, n. 2 (aprile 1995): 186b—186. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.2.186b.

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Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae), known as a Zn hyper accumulator, is able to accumulate and tolerate Zn, Ni, Cu, and Cd at high concentrations in its biomass. We are examining the feasibility of using cell suspensions of T. caerulescens and B. napus to study the effect of selected heavy metals on growth and nutrient uptake. Callus was initiated by culturing seedlings on basal medium containing MS salts supplemented with MS or B5 vitamins, 1, 2, 5, or 10 mg 2,4-D/liter, and 0.7% Phytagar. Cell suspensions were initiated by transferring calli to liquid basal medium containing MS or B5 vitamins, and 1 or 2 mg 2,4-D/liter, and were incubated on a gyratory shaker at 120 rpm. Growth of suspensions inoculated at 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 g/25 ml was monitored for 13 days. Optimal conditions required to initiate and maintain suspension cultures of T. caerulescens and B. napus include MS medium supplemented with B5 vitamins and 1 mg 2,4-D/liter, an inoculation density of 0.4 g/25 ml, and a 2-week subculture schedule.

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Pereira-Dias, Francis, Neusa Steiner, Gabriela Cangahaula-Inocente, Ana Paula Lando, Marisa Santos e Miguel Pedro Guerra. "Integrated proteomics and histochemical analysis of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (Araucariaceae) in embryogenic suspension culture". Annals of Forest Research 63, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2020): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15287/afr.2020.1918.

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t Cell suspension culture is a useful in vitro model-system for both scaling up and conserving the Brazilian conifer Araucaria angustifolia. In the present work, cell suspension of Araucaria was subjected to proteomics, biochemical and histochemical analyses. The results revealed new insights underlying the molecular mechanism of proembryogenic masses transition in cell suspension. Embryogenic cell cultures were cultivated in a basal liquid medium modified in a Steward apparatus (orbital agitator). Cell growth dynamics was evaluated using cell volume after sedimentation, fresh weight, mitotic index, conductivity, pH, and the number of proembryogenic masses (PEMs: I, II, III). Histochemical parameters, cell viability, and cell death analyses were performed to pinpoint growth rates. Proteomics analysis was performed using two-dimensional electrophoresis, and protein identification was carried out by MALDI-TOF-TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Cell growth dynamics showed a predominance of PEM III. Maximum slope of the exponential phase growth in fresh weight occurred at exponential phase after 15 days (optimal cultivation time), after which cell viability and pH decreased, thereby allowing the identification of stressrelated proteins. Several metabolism and growth proteins were abundant, such as: cytoskeletal, WOX1, cytokinin-related, and auxin-related proteins acting on cell wall modification, suspensor cell formation, and PEM I to PEM III transition.

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Reinke, W., P. Gaehtgens e P. C. Johnson. "Blood viscosity in small tubes: effect of shear rate, aggregation, and sedimentation". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 253, n. 3 (1 settembre 1987): H540—H547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.253.3.h540.

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Apparent viscosity was determined in vertical glass tubes (ID 30.2-132.3 microns) with suspensions of human red cells in A) serum, B) saline containing 0.5 g/100 ml albumin, C) plasma, and D) plasma containing Dextran 250 at a feed hematocrit of 0.45. Pressure-flow relationships were obtained in a range of pseudo-shear rates (mu) between 0.15 and 250 s-1. Relative viscosities in the nonaggregating suspensions (A and B) were found to increase monotonically with decreasing mu. The Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect was present in the entire range of mu. In the two aggregating suspensions (C and D), viscosities increased initially in larger but not small tubes with declining mu and fell in all tubes at some characteristic mu (usually below 10 s-1). Viscosity reduction was greater in the larger tubes and in suspensions with greater aggregation tendency. With suspension D, the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect was eliminated in the lowermost shear-rate range. The cell-free marginal zone increased in width (to a maximum of approximately 40% of tube radius) as viscosity declined. Measurements of viscosity and cell-free marginal zone were also performed with suspension C in tubes mounted in horizontal position. In contrast to vertical tubes, a monotonic increase in viscosity was found with decreasing mu, associated with cell sedimentation and development of a cell-free layer only in the upper portion of the tubes.

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40

Pless-Petig, Gesine, Björn Walter, Anja Bienholz e Ursula Rauen. "Mitochondrial Impairment as a Key Factor for the Lack of Attachment after Cold Storage of Hepatocyte Suspensions". Cell Transplantation 26, n. 12 (dicembre 2017): 1855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689717743254.

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Isolated primary hepatocytes, which are widely used for pharmacological and clinical purposes, usually undergo certain periods of cold storage in suspension during processing. While adherent hepatocytes were shown previously to suffer iron-dependent cell death during cold (4 °C) storage and early rewarming, we previously found little iron-dependent hepatocyte death in suspension but severely decreased attachment ability unless iron chelators were added. Here, we focus on the role of mitochondrial impairment in this nonattachment of hepatocyte suspensions. Rat hepatocyte suspensions were stored in a chloride-poor, glycine-containing cold storage solution with and without iron chelators at 4 °C. After 1 wk of cold storage in the basic cold storage solution, cell viability in suspension was unchanged, while cell attachment was decreased by >80%. In the stored cells, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content (2 ± 2 nmol/106 cells after cold storage, 5 ± 3 nmol/106 cells after rewarming vs. control 29 ± 6 nmol/106 cells), and a decrease in oxygen consumption (101 ± 59 pmol sec−1 per 106 cells after rewarming vs. control 232 ± 83 pmol sec−1 per 106 cells) were observed. Addition of iron chelators to the cold storage solution increased cell attachment to 53% ± 20% and protected against loss of MMP, and cells were able to partially regenerate ATP during rewarming (15 ± 10 nmol/106 cells). Increased attachment could also be achieved by addition of the inhibitor combination of mitochondrial permeability transition, trifluoperazine + fructose. Attached hepatocytes displayed normal MMP and mitochondrial morphology. Additional experiments with freshly isolated hepatocytes confirmed that impaired energy production—as elicited by an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, antimycin A—can decrease cell attachment without decreasing viability. Taken together, these results suggest that mitochondrial impairment with subsequent energy deficiency is a key factor for the lack of attachment of cold-stored hepatocyte suspensions.

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Križaj, Dejan, e Borut Pečar. "Analysis of impedance measurements of a suspension of microcapsules using a variable length impedance measurement cell". Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 3, n. 1 (23 luglio 2019): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jeb.215.

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Abstract Electrical impedance measurements of a suspension have to take into account the double layer impedance that results from a very thin charged layer formed at the electrode-electrolyte interface. A dedicated measuring cell that enables variation of the distance between the electrodes was developed to investigate the electrical properties of suspensions using two-electrode impedance measurements. By varying the distance between the electrodes it is possible to separate the double layer and the suspension impedance from the measured data. Electrical ‘lumped’ models have been developed from measured and extracted impedances. The error of non-inclusion of the double layer impedance has been analyzed. The error depends on the frequency of the measurement as well as the distance between the electrodes.

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Krupska, T. V., V. V. Turov, M. D. Tsapko, J. Skubishevska-Zieba e L. Leboda. "Encapsulation of cellular suspensions of lactic bacteria with silica". Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 12, n. 1 (30 marzo 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp12.01.058.

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A promising direction for long-term storage of cells at relatively high temperatures may be their encapsulation with nanoscale biologically inert materials capable of creating a shell around microdroplets of a cell suspension, which, on the one hand, provides the possibility of gas exchange between the suspension and the external environment, and on the other hand, inhibits the processes of cell life, so transferring them to a state close to suspended animation. The method of low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to study the process of hydration of lactobacilli, the effect of a weakly polar organic medium on it and the encapsulation of cells with silica. The aim of this work was to study the hydration of cell suspensions and the viability of lactic acid bacteria cells encapsulated with silica and the penetration possibility of such an active substance as trifluoroacetic acid into them. As a result of the studies carried out, it has been shown that the spectral parameters of water in concentrated cell suspensions of lactic acid bacteria strongly depend on the concentration of the suspension, which is probably associated with the possibility of the formation of a stable cell gel, which can be encapsulated by silica particles without its destruction in both air and a chloroform medium with addition of trifluoroacetic acid. The radial distribution curves of non-freezing water clusters have two maxima corresponding to R = 2 and 20–100 nm. The contribution to the distribution of the second maximum increases with increasing water concentration.

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Ciobanu, Steluta Carmen, Simona Liliana Iconaru, Daniela Predoi, Alina Mihaela Prodan e Mihai Valentin Predoi. "Physico-Chemical Properties and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Samarium Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings". Coatings 10, n. 9 (27 agosto 2020): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090827.

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and samarium doped hydroxyapatite, Ca10−xSmx(PO4)6(OH)2, xSm = 0.05, (5SmHAp), coatings were prepared by sol-gel process using the dip coating method. The stability of 5SmHAp suspension was evaluated by ultrasound measurements. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine the optical characteristics of HAp and 5SmHAp nanoparticles in suspension and coatings. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of the functional groups specific to the structure of hydroxyapatite in the 5SmHAp suspensions and coatings. The morphology of 5SmHAp nanoparticles in suspension was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of nanoparticle in suspension and the morphology of the surface on the coating. The SEM and TEM studies on 5SmHAp nanoparticles in suspension showed that our samples consist of nanometric particles with elongated morphology. The SEM micrographs of HAp and 5SmHAp coatings pointed out that the coatings are continuous and homogeneous. The surface morphology of the 5SmHAp coatings was also assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) studies. The AFM results emphasized that the coatings presented the morphology of a uniformly deposited layer with no cracks and fissures. The crystal structure of 5SmHAp coating was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface composition of 5SmHAp coating was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD and XPS analysis shown that the Sm3+ ions have been incorporated into the 5SmHAp synthesized material. The antifungal properties of the 5SmHAp suspensions and coatings were studied using Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (C. albicans) fungal strains. The quantitative results of the antifungal assay showed that colony forming unity development was inhibited from the early phase of adherence in the case of both suspensions and coatings. Furthermore, the adhesion, cell proliferation and biofilm formation of the C. albicans were also investigated by AFM, SEM and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) techniques. The results highlighted that the C. albicans adhesion and cell development was inhibited by the 5SmHAp coatings. Moreover, the data also revealed that the 5SmHAp coatings were effective in stopping the biofilm formation on their surface. The toxicity of the 5SmHap was also investigated in vitro using HeLa cell line.

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Stappers, Linda, Li Zhang, Omer Van der Biest e Jan Fransaer. "Study of the Deposit Resistance during Electrophoretic Deposition". Key Engineering Materials 412 (giugno 2009): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.412.9.

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Deposition experiments in a Hull cell showed that high conductivity suspensions yield uniform deposits while low conductivity suspensions result in non-uniform deposits. This difference in deposition behavior is related to the resistance increase of the deposit during EPD. Impedance measurements during EPD showed that the ratio of the deposit resistance to the suspension resistance increases much more for high than for the low conductivity suspensions. They also showed that the total resistance of the EPD cell dropped almost to the suspension resistance after the electric field was turned off. This means that the deposit has no inherent resistance, but that its resistance during polarization is caused by the interaction of ions with the deposit and by the depletion of ions at the deposition electrode. The change in ion concentrations near the deposition electrode changes the acid/base properties of the particles in the deposit, as proven by adsorbed pH indicators on the particles. The change in acid/base behavior is quasi irreversible and results in a memory effect of the deposit resistance when the voltage is reapplied.

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Craig, B., L. Hawkey e A. LeFurgey. "Techniques for cryoultramicrotomy of propane jet frozen biological samples". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (agosto 1986): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010014292x.

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Ultra-rapid freezing followed by cryoultramicrotomy is essential for the preservation of diffusible elements in situ within cells prior to scanning transmission electron microscopy and quantitative energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis. For cells or tissue fragments in suspension and for monolayer cell cultures, propane jet freezing provides cooling rates greater than 30,000°C/sec with regions up to 40μm in thickness free of significant ice crystal formation. While this method of freezing has frequently been applied prior to freeze fracture or freeze substitution, it has not been widely utilized prior to cryoultramicrotomy and subsequent x-ray microanalytical studies. This report describes methods devised in our laboratory for cryosectioning of propane jet frozen kidney proximal tubule suspensions and cultured embryonic chick heart cells, in particular a new technique for mounting frozen suspension specimens for sectioning. The techniques utilize the same specimen supports and sample holders as those used for freeze fracture and freeze substitution and should be generally applicable to any cell suspension or culture preparation.

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Aktan, Murad, Berrin Okka, Mehmet Okka e Selcuk Duman. "Improvement In Rabbit Corneal Cell Suspension Viability After Freezing With Gingko Biloba Extrakt". Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 50, n. 2 (2007): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.72.

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We investigated whether the addition of Gingko Biloba extract (EGb 761) to rabbit corneal epithelial medium before cell freezing improved cell viability after freezing then thawing. After removal of corneas, they were treated with enzymes and the corneal epithelium was prepared as a single cell suspension in freezing media with or without EGb 761. After freezing for two weeks then thawing, a higher cell viability was found in the cornea cell suspensions which had been frozen pretreated with EGb 761 in the media. The improvement with corneal cell viability with EGb 761 pretreatment is postulated to be based on the antioxidant capacity of the plant extract.

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Shigaki, Toshiro, e Madan K. Bhattacharyya. "Color Coding the Cell Death Status of Plant Suspension Cells". BioTechniques 26, n. 6 (giugno 1999): 1060–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/99266bm12.

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Masuda, Hiroshi, Seiichi Komiyama e Shiro Sugawara. "Cell Wall Proteins from Sugar Beet Cells in Suspension Culture". Plant Physiology 89, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1989): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.89.2.712.

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Kato, Yoji, e Kazuo Matsuda. "Xyloglucan in the Cell Walls of Suspension-Cultured Rice Cells". Plant and Cell Physiology 26, n. 3 (aprile 1985): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076927.

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Iakimova, E. T., Ernst J. Woltering e V. M. Kapchina-Toteva. "Cadmium-Induced Programmed Cell Death Signaling in Tomato Suspension Cells". Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 23, sup1 (gennaio 2009): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2009.10818481.

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