Bibliografie tematiche / Cattle deseases and pests

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cattle deseases and pests"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 27 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cattle deseases and pests"

Pratiwi, Anas, Gilang Bayu Saputro e Nadya Ayu Dewantari. "Identification of Pests and Deseases on Chrysanthemum in Nglurah Village, Tawangmangu". Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, n. 2 (29 marzo 2022): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i2.3375.

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Chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora Tzvelev syn. Chrysanthemum murifolium Ramat) is one of the cut flowers and potted flowers favored by the public, especially the upper middle class and ornamental plants. Chrysanthemum is a commercial plant that is easy to grow and cultivate. Pests and diseases are one of the problems in the development of chrysanthemum cultivation. This research is located in the area of Sewu Kembang Agro Tourism, Nglurah, Tawangmangu, Karanganyar Regency. This research was conducted from September 4 to October 2, 2021. This research was carried out for 29 days using 10 samples of potted chrysanthemums. The tools used include other cameras to take pictures and stationery to record data. The variables observed were pests and diseases that attack chrysanthemum plants. In this study using direct observation of the owners of potted chrysanthemums. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The result of this study found pests that attack potted chrysanthemums, namely leaf miners (Liriomyza sp.) and soil caterpillars (Agrotis ipsilon). While for disease attacks caused by several types of fungi that cause diseases as follows leaf rust disease, gray mold disease, and oidium powder disease.

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Balaji, K. "Insect pests of cattle and their management". Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology 4, n. 2 (2016): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jafst.2321.1628.4216.3.

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Beşleagă, Ramona, M. Tălmaciu, E. Cârdei, Nela Tălmaciu e G. Corneanu. "The Effect of Phytoprotection Programs on the Control of the Main Apple Pests". Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 46, n. 1 (1 marzo 2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0077-7.

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Abstract In recent decades, positive changes have been occurred on the fruit crops protection, because of new synthetic or natural substances, more effective and less toxic. In 2011, at Fruit Growing Research and Development Station Iaşi, Romania, was tested a phitosanitary program that aimed especially to control the main pest of apple, being introduced the next generation of plant protection products, such as: Coragen, Proteus, Calypso, Decis 25 WG. The research was carried out for Idared, Golden delicious and Florina, on tow variants for each variety. Phytosanitary treatments applied for pest control were supplemented with fungicides used to combat major apple deseases. Until blooming tow treatments were applied for each variant, and after the petals fall, treatments were carried out at warning. Observation and measurements were performed after the treatments and they showed, at the end of each generation, the percentage of attacked fruits by the main apple pests. These produsts applied in a few treatments have provided a strong efficacy in combating major apple pests: codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), fruit skin moth (Adoxophyes reticulana Hb.), leaf miner moth (Phyllonorycter sp.) and mites (Panonychus sp.). To combat lepidoptera, best result were obtained with Calypso 480 SC and Coragen insecticides, and also, products such as Decis 25 WG and Proteus, have ensured a good health in apple plantation.

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Jufri, Nirwana, Dr Abdullah e Devi Susanti. "The Use of Bean Sprout Extract as Supplement for the Growth of Plaintain Unti Sayang (Musa paradisiaca L.) by Tissue Culture". Journal of Agricultural Studies 2, n. 1 (17 febbraio 2014): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v2i1.5137.

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One of the problems in plaintain development is on the plant breeding that has been conducted convensionally by using seedlings, so that it requires time and wide field, different treatment, and potentially brings pests and deseases. The bean sprout extract is potentially useful in improving the explant growth quality of plaintain by tissue culture. This study aims to know the influence of bean sprout extract concentration as supplement in tissue culture media upon the explant growth of plaintain Unti sayang (Musa paradisiaca L). There are 4 dosages of bean sprout extract as control. The data was analyzed by using ANOVA and was continued by using BNJ test. The result of the experiment shows that the bean sprout extract influences significatly on the plantlets height, leaf number, root length, and root number. The dosage of 100 g/l and 200 g/l bean sprout extracts provide the best result on the experimenting component of plantlet height, leaf number, root length, and root number. Meanwhile, the experimenting component of leaf number and the wet weight of the plantlets provide the best result on MS without any addition of bean sprout extract.

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Ikagawa, Mary. "Invasive ungulate policy and conservation in Hawaii". Pacific Conservation Biology 19, n. 4 (2013): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130270.

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Feral Cattle Bos taurus, Goats Capra hircus, Sheep Ovis aries, and Pigs Sus scrofa have been modifying Hawaii’s native ecosystems since being introduced more than 200 years ago. Controlled rigorously in the early 1900s as pests, the animals have been increasing in number and range since the 1950s, when the rise of sport hunting resulted in take restrictions and the introduction of additional game species. Presently, free-roaming Pigs, Goats, Cattle, Sheep (both O. aries and the more recently introduced Mouflon O. gmelini mouflon) and deer Axis axis, Odocoileus hemionus are described in state reports and plans as high-threat invasive species, while simultaneously being protected under the law as game mammals. This study examines the statutes, rules and management practices pertaining to invasive ungulates in an island state with highly imperiled native ecosystems. This analysis reveals that Hawaii’s invasive-animal policy and management framework does not support the ungulate control needed to further state plans and mandates to preserve native species and watersheds. Lacking are laws that have been passed by other governments to reduce the spread and impacts of invasive vertebrates, such as maintaining a comprehensive vertebrate pest list, facilitating the control of such pests on all land ownerships, prohibiting the feeding and transport of vertebrate pests without a permit, and prohibiting the release of introduced vertebrates into the wild.

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Shipp, J. L. "COMPARISON OF SILHOUETTE, STICKY, AND SUCTION TRAPS WITH AND WITHOUT DRY-ICE BAIT FOR SAMPLING BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN CENTRAL ALBERTA". Canadian Entomologist 117, n. 1 (gennaio 1985): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent117113-1.

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AbstractIn 1982 and 1983, silhouette traps, sticky traps, and suction traps with and without dry-ice bait were evaluated for sampling populations of black flies that are pests of cattle in central Alberta. The dry-ice-baited silhouette trap was the most effective. The black-fly species collected were Simulium arcticum, S. aureum, S. decorum, S. meridionale, S. tuberosum, S. venustum, S. verecundum, S. vernum, and S. vittatum. Approximately 80% of the black flies collected each year were S. arcticum, the primary pest species of cattle in Alberta.

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Azzam, Azzeddine, Maurice Baker, Ivan Berry e John Campbell. "An exploratory bioeconomic model of pesticide use for controlling feedlot-cattle pests". Agricultural Systems 48, n. 4 (gennaio 1995): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(94)00023-e.

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Kusakari, Shin-ichi, Yoshinori Matsuda e Hideyoshi Toyoda. "Electrostatic Insect Repulsion, Capture, and Arc-Discharge Techniques for Physical Pest Management in Greenhouses". Agronomy 13, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010023.

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This article reviews the development of electrostatic apparatuses for controlling insect pests in greenhouses. The apparatuses control insects by repelling them, capturing them, and killing them by producing an arc discharge. The single-charged dipolar electric field screen (SD screen) repels insects due to insects’ inherent avoidance behavior toward entering the electric field produced. As this behavior is common to many insect pests, the SD screen effectively prevents many pests from entering a greenhouse. The double-charged dipolar electric field screen (DD screen) has a strong attractive force that captures insects entering its electric field. The DD screen is useful for capturing small insects that pass through a conventional insect net, and unique derivatives of this screen have been invented to trap various insect pests on-site in a greenhouse. An arc-discharge exposer was used as a soil cover to kill adult houseflies that emerged from underground pupae transferred along with cattle manure used for soil fertilization. The houseflies were subjected to arc discharge when they appeared at the soil surface. These apparatuses have the common characteristic of a simple structure, so ordinary workers can be encouraged to fabricate or modify them based on their own needs. This review provides an experimental basis for designing efficient physical measures for controlling insect pests in greenhouses.

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Sudira, I. Wayan, Ketut Budiasa e I. Made Merdana. "Pesticide Contamination in Feed and Histopathological Properties of Bali Cattle Liver Slaughtered in Pesanggaran Slaughterhouse Denpasar". Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 3, n. 2 (31 agosto 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jvas.2020.v03.i02.p05.

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The number of crop pests that attack agricultural crops caused farmers to take precautions and treatment of crop cultivation by spraying using pesticides. Spraying action by using this pesticide also affects the grasses that grow around it which is a source of food for cattle. This study aims to evaluate basic data from the image of the liver of a Bali cattle that eats grass contaminated with pesticides and is slaughtered in the Pesanggaran slaughterhouse, Denpasar. Histopathological image of the liver of Bali cattle may vary, depending on the level of contamination of various pesticide ingredients that are eaten by the cattle. To see the histopathological changes in the liver of Bali cattle carried out by staining Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and then it will be examined under a microscope. Observed changes that occur in the form of fatty degeneration, hemorrhage and necrosis. The study concludes is that cattle slaughtered in the Pesanggaran slaughterhouse, Denpasar come from various districts in Bali and the liver of Bali cattle slaughtered in the Pesanggaran Slaughterhouse, Denpasar are mostly exposed to pesticides characterized by histopathological features in the form of fatty degeneration, hemorrhagic and necrosis.

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Adnyana, Made Oka, e Putu Wardana. "Willingness to Accept dan Willingness to Pay Petani dan Konsumen terhadap Padi Hibrida di Sentra Produksi Jawa Timur". Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 35, n. 1 (30 aprile 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v35n1.2016.p53-62.

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Research on hybrid rice in Indonesia was initiated in 1983, in collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute. Since 2000 private sector had indicated their interest in hybrid rice seed business. Planted area of hybrid rice in Indonesia was still relatively small of about 658 thousand hectares or about 5.0 percent of the total rice planted area of 13.2 million hectares in 2013. This study was aimed to analyze farmers’ responses and preferences to the development of hybrid rice in East Java, one of the rice production center in Indonesia. Contingent valuation method (CVM) to analyze farmers’ Willingness to Accept (WTA) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) with respect to various factors was then exercised to evaluate constraints and prospect of the future of hybrid rice development in Indonesia. The outputs of this study showed that farmers’ preferences to hybrid rice based on its taste was positive, especially to the newly introduced hybrid rice variety “Hipa Jatim”, when compared with the previous hybrid varieties, such as Maro and Rokan. WTA and WTP also showed significant farmers’ interests to the hybrid variety, due to higher yield and its better taste, similar to that of popular inbred rice. Farmers’ WTAs of hybrid rice was significantly influenced by the productivity, response to pests and deseases, and the total cost of production, while consummers’ WTPs of hybrid rice was significantly influened by the quality of milled rice.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Cattle deseases and pests"

Bentin, Leonardo Aparecido Teixeira. "Expressão gênica de TLR-2, TLR-4, HMGB1 E VEGF em úlceras abomasais em bovinos de corte /". Araçatuba, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132424.

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Orientador: Juliana Regina Peiró
Banca:Lina Maria Wehrle Gomide
Banca: José Paes de Oliveira Filho
Resumo: As úlceras abomasais atingem bovinos de todas as idades e raças em todos os sistemas de produção, gerando perdas econômicas. A úlcera resulta da isquemia, atraindo leucócitos e macrófagos, estimulando fibroblastos, células endoteliais e epiteliais. A proteína do grupo de alta mobilidade 1 (HMGB1) liga-se a diferentes receptores de superfície celular, incluindo Toll-like-2 (TLR-2) e -4 (TLR-4), produzindo citocinas. A presença da HMGB1 causa aumento dos níveis do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), um regulador fundamental da angiogênese. Assim, investigou-se a participação da HMGB1, TLR-2, TLR-4 e VEGF em úlceras abomasais em bovinos de corte. Um total de 150 abomasos de bovinos de corte foi examinado em um abatedouro; 17 amostras da região cárdica foram colhidas. Os tecidos extraídos foram classificados em grupo normal (sem ulceração de mucosa); ulceração de grau 1 (erosões não perfuradas com lesões mínimas da mucosa) e ulceração de grau 2 (erosões não perfuradas combinadas com sangramento moderado da mucosa) e confirmado pela histopatologia. A expressão dos genes nas amostras normais ou ulceradas no abomaso foi avaliada pela RT qPCR. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA seguido por teste de Bonferroni ao nível de p<0,05. Não houve diferença de expressão de HMGB1, de TLR-4 e de VEGF entre os dois tipos de úlceras em relação aos abomasos normais. Úlceras de grau 2 tiveram expressão de TLR-2 superior a úlceras de grau 1. O aumento da expressão de TLR-2 pode estar ass... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Abomasal ulcers affect cattle of all ages and breeds in all production systems, leading to economic losses. The ulcer resulting from tissue ischemia, attracting leukocytes and macrophages, stimulates fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. The protein of high mobility group 1 (HMGB1) binds to different cell surface receptors, including Toll - like - 2 (TLR - 2) and 4 (TLR - 4) resulting in cytokine production. The presence of HMGB1 causes increased levels of vascula r endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of angiogenesis. Thus, it was investigated whether HMGB1, TLR - 2, TLR - 4 and VEGF play a role in abomasal ulcers in beef cattle. A total of 150 abomasums from beef cattle were examined in a slaughterhouse; 17 samples were collected from the cardiac region. The extracted tissues were divided into normal group (without ulceration of the mucosa); type 1 ulcers (unperforated erosions with minimal mucosal injury) and type 2 ulcers (unperforated erosions combined with moderate bleeding of the mucosa) and confirmed by histopathology. Gene expression was evaluated by RT qPCR in samples of normal or ulcerated abomasums. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test at p <0.05. No difference in expression of HMGB1, TLR - 4 and VEGF was detected between the two types of ulcers when compared to normal abomasums. TLR - 2 expression was higher in type 2 ulcers than in type 1 ulcers. Increased TLR - 2 expression might be associated with the maintenance of abomasal healin g, promoting the inflammatory response, as evidenced by the presence of mononuclear cell infiltration and neutrophils
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Bentin, Leonardo Aparecido Teixeira [UNESP]. "Expressão gênica de TLR-2, TLR-4, HMGB1 E VEGF em úlceras abomasais em bovinos de corte". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132424.

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As úlceras abomasais atingem bovinos de todas as idades e raças em todos os sistemas de produção, gerando perdas econômicas. A úlcera resulta da isquemia, atraindo leucócitos e macrófagos, estimulando fibroblastos, células endoteliais e epiteliais. A proteína do grupo de alta mobilidade 1 (HMGB1) liga-se a diferentes receptores de superfície celular, incluindo Toll-like-2 (TLR-2) e -4 (TLR-4), produzindo citocinas. A presença da HMGB1 causa aumento dos níveis do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), um regulador fundamental da angiogênese. Assim, investigou-se a participação da HMGB1, TLR-2, TLR-4 e VEGF em úlceras abomasais em bovinos de corte. Um total de 150 abomasos de bovinos de corte foi examinado em um abatedouro; 17 amostras da região cárdica foram colhidas. Os tecidos extraídos foram classificados em grupo normal (sem ulceração de mucosa); ulceração de grau 1 (erosões não perfuradas com lesões mínimas da mucosa) e ulceração de grau 2 (erosões não perfuradas combinadas com sangramento moderado da mucosa) e confirmado pela histopatologia. A expressão dos genes nas amostras normais ou ulceradas no abomaso foi avaliada pela RT qPCR. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA seguido por teste de Bonferroni ao nível de p<0,05. Não houve diferença de expressão de HMGB1, de TLR-4 e de VEGF entre os dois tipos de úlceras em relação aos abomasos normais. Úlceras de grau 2 tiveram expressão de TLR-2 superior a úlceras de grau 1. O aumento da expressão de TLR-2 pode estar associado à manutenção da cicatrização, promovendo a resposta inflamatória, evidenciado pela presença de infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear e neutrófilos.
Abomasal ulcers affect cattle of all ages and breeds in all production systems, leading to economic losses. The ulcer resulting from tissue ischemia, attracting leukocytes and macrophages, stimulates fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. The protein of high mobility group 1 (HMGB1) binds to different cell surface receptors, including Toll-like-2 (TLR-2) and 4 (TLR-4) resulting in cytokine production. The presence of HMGB1 causes increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of angiogenesis. Thus, it was investigated whether HMGB1, TLR-2, TLR-4 and VEGF play a role in abomasal ulcers in beef cattle. A total of 150 abomasums from beef cattle were examined in a slaughterhouse; 17 samples were collected from the cardiac region. The extracted tissues were divided into normal group (without ulceration of the mucosa); type 1 ulcers (unperforated erosions with minimal mucosal injury) and type 2 ulcers (unperforated erosions combined with moderate bleeding of the mucosa) and confirmed by histopathology. Gene expression was evaluated by RT qPCR in samples of normal or ulcerated abomasums. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test at p <0.05. No difference in expression of HMGB1, TLR-4 and VEGF was detected between the two types of ulcers when compared to normal abomasums. TLR-2 expression was higher in type 2 ulcers than in type 1 ulcers. Increased TLR-2 expression might be associated with the maintenance of abomasal healing, promoting the inflammatory response, as evidenced by the presence of mononuclear cell infiltration and neutrophils.

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Tully, James Kevin. "Influence of endophyte infection of tall fescue with and without white clover on performance, intake, and bite size in steers during the grazing season and subsequent performance in the feedlot". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39927.

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Soyelu, Oluseyi Temitope. "Assessment of plants used for the treatment of cattle wounds and myiasis in Amatola Basin, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1000986.

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Silva, Wilson Castro. "Potencialidade acaricida sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus e estudo fitoquímico de Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae), Palicourea marcgravii St. Hil (Rubiaceae) e Derris negrensis Benth (Fabaceae)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2008. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/625.

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O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é um ectoparasita que causa prejuízos econômicos à pecuária brasileira. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a potencialidade de extratos de Palicourea marcgravii e Derris negrensis e de extratos e óleo essencial de Piper aducum para o controle de R. microplus. Extratos de folhas de P. aduncum e P. marcgravii e caules de D. negrensis foram preparados com os solventes hexano, acetato de etila e etanol. Avaliou-se a atividade dos extratos sobre carrapatos adultos nas concentrações de 5, 25, 50, 75 e 100mg/ml, a fim de verificar a mortalidade e reprodução dos ácaros, observando-se que entre os extratos das três espécies avaliadas, o que apresentou maior potencial acaricida foi o extrato acetato de etila de P. marcgravii, o qual ocasionou taxas de mortalidade de fêmeas ingurgitadas entre 24 e 78%, estimando CL50 = 30,08 mg/ml; inibiu 100% da oviposição, estimando CI50 = 5,79 mg/ml. Avaliou-se, também, o efeito dos extratos das três plantas nas concentrações de 1,5, 10, 15 e 20mg/ml sobre larvas de R. microplus, verificando-se que o extrato acetato de etila de P. marcgravii foi o mais eficiente induzindo taxas de mortalidade que variaram de 30,32 a 95,11%, estimando CL50 = 2,46 mg/ml. A ação do óleo essencial de P. aduncum foi avaliada também em larvas, induzindo a mortalidade total das mesmas em todas as concentrações avaliadas. O óleo essencial foi analisado por Cromatografia Gasosa (CG) e Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectro de Massas (CG/EM) apresentando o dilapiol como composto majoritário(94,84%). Os extratos de D. negrensis não estimaram CL50 para fêmeas ingurgitadas e larvas de R. microplus. Estes resultados indicam a potencialidade acaricida dos extratos de P. marcgravii e do óleo essencial de P. aduncum, podendo ser uma alternativa de controle contra essa espécie de carrapato.
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The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an ectoparasite that cause economic losses to brazilian livestock. In this work, it was evaluated the toxicity of Palicourea marcgravii and Derris negrensis extracts and Piper aduncum extracts and essential oil for R. microplus. Extract of leaves of P. aduncum and P. marcgravii and stems of D. negrensis were prepared with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvents. The extracts activity was evaluated on adult ticks at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml, in order to verify mortality and reproduction of the acarids, being observed that among the extracts of three species evaluated, one that showed higher acaricidal potential was the ethyl acetate extract of P. marcgravii, which caused mortality rates of engorged female between 24 and 78%, estimating CL50 = 30,08 mg/ml; it have inhibited 100% of the oviposition, estimating CI50 = 5,79 mg/ml. It was evaluated too the extracts effect of the three plants at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml on R. microplus larvae, verifying that the P. marcgravii ethyl extract was more efficient inducing mortality rates that ranged from 30,32 to 95,11%, estimating CL50 = 2,46 mg/ml. The action of P. aduncum essential oil was evaluated on larvae too, inducing the total mortality of the same ones in all concentrations evaluated. The essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography coupled Mass Spectrum (GC/MS) showing dilapiol as the major compound (94,84%). The D. negrensis extracts didn t estimate CL50 for engorged female and larvae of R. microplus. These results indicate the acaricidal potential of the P. marcgravii extracts and P. aduncum essential oil, and could be an alternative of control against that tick species.

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(9876848), G. Nayyar. "Pharmacological and immunological studies aimed at prevention of Pimelea poisoning of cattle". Thesis, 1994. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Pharmacological_and_immunological_studies_aimed_at_prevention_of_Pimelea_poisoning_of_cattle/13430111.

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Aims to determine whether the toxins of Pimelea can be immunogenic and if so, to investigate whether antibodies raised to the toxins offered any protection against Pimelea toxicity. The study also provides opportunity to examine the in vitro contractile effects of the toxins on ovine pulmonary venule preparations.. Poisoning by Pimelea plants causes annual production losses exceeding $10 million to the Queensland cattle industry. Poisoning is caused either by ingestion of plants or by inhalation of dried plant debris. Daphnane and tigliane diterpenoid toxins found in the various Pimelea species are absorbed into the blood and cause pathological responses in target tissues through prolonged activation of protein kinase C isoenzymes. Simplexin, huratoxin and derivatives are the most toxic compounds prevalent in Pimelea species causing poisoning of cattle. Cattle are more vulnerable than sheep and horses to the toxins because the bovine pulmonary venous system has distinct sphincter -like arrangements in the smooth muscle coating of the venules. Prolonged contraction of the pulmonary system leads to oedema, jugular distension and right failure. At the present time there is no effective means of controlling pimelea poisoning in cattle, apart from removing animals from pastures infected with the plant. The main objectives of the research program described this thesis was to determine whether the toxins could be made immunogenic and if so, investigate whether antibodies raised to the toxins offered any protection against Pimelea toxicity. The study also provided the opportunity to systematically examine the in vitro contractile effects of the toxins on bovine pulmonary venule preparations. These organ bath experiments also allowed investigation of the efficacy of purified anti-toxin antibodies and potential antagonists of the toxins. The family of Pimelea diterpene toxins were isolated from dried Pimelea trichostachya plant material through a combination of solvent extraction and partition, column chromatography and preparative reverse phase HPLC. The toxins were conjugated to carrier proteins (HSA or ovalbumin) through a succinylate linker. Two structurally similar and commercially available daphnane orthoesters, mezerein and resiniferinol were also conjugated to carrier protein. Two groups of rabbits were vaccinated with the Pimelea- derived protein conjugates. ELISA methodology was developed to detect the presence of specific antibodies against Pimelea toxins from the serum of the vaccinated animals. After confirming the presence of specific IgG against Pimelea toxins in vaccinated rabbits, three groups of cattle were vaccinated with vaccines prepared from Pimelea, mezerein and resiniferinol protein conjugates. Cattle were vaccinated with the mezerein and resiniferinol conjugates to investigate the possibility of using commercially available compounds for vaccine preparation. The ELISA results for the vaccinated cattle showed the presence of specific antibodies which recognised toxin-protein conjugates coated to the plates. The ELISA cross reactivity data also showed that antibodies raised in animals vaccinated with mezerein and resiniferinol conjugates also recognised the Pimelea toxins. Vaccinated and control cattle were exposed to Pimelea trichostachya plant material to establish whether the antibodies had any protective effects. Both groups of cattle developed symptoms of Pimelea poisoning over two weeks, although these animals were dosed with much higher Pimelea concentrations than would be expected under normal grazing conditions. Various blood parameters were monitored throughout this experiment and there were some trends evident under the lower dose regimes that vaccinated animals were less affected than controls.The organ bath studies of isolated bovine pulmonary venule preparations showed that the EC50 toxin concentration required to elicit half maximal contraction (relative to the 1.0 M 5-HT response) was in the sub-micromolar range. Purified rabbit anti-toxin IgG was shown to attenuate the contractibility of bovine pulmonary venules in response to Pimelea toxins (EC5O) a dose dependent manner, whereas the purified bovine anti-toxin IgG lacked any efficacy. Nux vomica CM tincture (at doses above 200 L in the 25Ml baths) completely inhibited contraction response to toxins (EC50).

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Okeoma, Chioma Maureen. "Studies on Neospora caninum and neosporosis in New Zealand cattle : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1643.

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Content removed due to copyright restrictions: Okeoma, C. M., Stowell, K. M., Williamson, N. B., & Pomroy, W. E. (2005). Neospora caninum: Quantification of DNA in the blood of naturally infected aborted and pregnant cows using real-time PCR. Experimental Parasitology, 110(1), 48-55. Okeoma, C. M., Williamson, N. B., Pomroy, W. E., Stowell, K. M., & Gillespie, L. M. (2004). Isolation and molecular characterisation of neospora caninum in cattle in new zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 52(6), 364-370. Okeoma, C. M., Williamson, N. B., Pomroy, W. E., Stowell, K. M., & Gillespie, L. (2004). The use of PCR to detect neospora caninum DNA in the blood of naturally infected cows. Veterinary Parasitology, 122(4), 307-315. Okeoma, C. M., Williamson, N. B., Pomroy, W. E., & Stowell, K. M. (2004). Recognition patterns of neospora caninum tachyzoite antigens by bovine IgG at different IFAT titres. Parasite Immunology, 26(4), 177-185.
The objective of this research was to investigate neosporosis in New Zealand cattle using experimental and molecular tools. The research also aimed to isolate and characterise an indigenous New Zealand isolate of Neospora caninum. A series of discrete projects were conducted to achieve the set objectives. A pilot study was first conducted and a wild-type strain of non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) type 1 virus was isolated in vitro from a persistently infected heifer. The isolate was used to challenge heifers and the effect of experimental BVDV infection on heifers naturally infected with N. caninum was investigated. Results showed that heifers that were both BVDV and N. caninum seropositive produced 44.4% (8/ 18) damcalf pairs that were both BVDV and N caninum seropositive. Serologically, 66.7% (12/18) dam-calf pairs were seropositive to N. caninum antibodies, while 80% (8/10) dam-calf pairs were BVDV seropositive. A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) study was also conducted and N. caninum DNA was detected in the blood of naturally infected aborting and pregnant heifers. Real-time quantification of N. caninum DNA in the blood of infected heifers showed a decrease of N. caninum DNA after abortion in the aborting group and an increase through gestation in the pregnant group. A study of antigenicity recognised 7 immunodominant (~18, ~25, ~33, ~35~36, ~45~46, ~47 and 60-62 kDa) and 5 minor antigens of N. caninum by cow sera. Three isolates of N. caninum (NcNZ 1 ,NcNZ 2 and NcNZ 3) were isolated from the brains of an infected cow, her calf and a stillborn calf. These isolates were confirmed as N. caninum by PCR, immunofluorescence antibody test and immunohistochemistry and were pathogenic to BALB/c mice.

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(10716147), Ruth Eunice Centeno Martinez. "Identifying Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) through the Nasal Microbiome". Thesis, 2021.

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an ongoing health and economic issue in the dairy and beef cattle industry. Also, there are multiple risk factors that make an animal susceptible to BRD and it's diagnosis and treatment is a challenge for producers. Four bacterial species, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis have been associated with BRD mortalities. Hence, this study aims to characterize the cattle nasal microbiome as a potential additional diagnostic method to identify animals suspected to have a lung infection. Quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to determine the bacterial load of these four bacterial pathogens in the nasal microbiome of apparently healthy (N=75) and (N=58) affected by BRD Holstein steers. We then sought to identify a value or equation that could be used to discriminate between BRD and healthy animals using a Linear Discriminant Model (LDA). Additionally, co-occurrence between commensal bacterial and BRD-pathogens were also identified. Cattle diagnosed with BRD presented lower richness, evenness and phylogenetic diversity than healthy pen-mates. Bacterial species and genera Truperella pyrogenes and Bibersteina were increased in the BRD group, and the species Mycoplasma bovirhinis and Clostridium sensu stricto increased in the healthy group. Prevalence of H. somni (98%) and P. multocida (97%) were the highest regardless of disease diagnosis in all the samples. Prevalence of M. haemolytica (81 vs. 61%) and M. bovis (74 vs. 50.7%) were higher in the BRD group. The bacterial density of M. haemolytica and M. bovis was also higher in the BRD group, whereas Histophilus somni was lower in the BRD group. Five different models were tested using LDA, and one model produced a sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 81% agreement with diagnosis based on animal symptoms. Co-occurrence analysis demonstrated that the nasal microbiome members are more likely to interact with each other than associations between BRD-pathogens and nasal microbiome members. This study offers insight into the BRD-pathogens prevalence and difference in nasal microbiome between healthy and BRD animals and provides a potential platform for future studies and potential pen-side diagnostic testing.

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Libri sul tema "Cattle deseases and pests"

Kojima, Hidejirō. Inaho no kaze: Nōgyō seisan ni okeru shokubutsu bōeki no kiseki. Tōkyō: Nihon Shokubutsu Bōeki Kyōkai, 1993.

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Steege, Gwen, e Marie A. Salter, a cura di. The Gardener's A-Z Guide to Growing Organic Food: 765 varieties of vegetables, herbs, fruits, and nuts. Formulas and techniques that control 201 pests and deseases organically. 2^a ed. North Adams, MA: Storey Books, 2003.

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Gill, C. O. Microbial effects of trimming, vacuum cleaning or vacuum-hot water cleaning of beef or sheep carcasses in commercial carcass dressing process. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriuclture and Agri-Food Canada, 1997.

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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A Short History of Private Life. New York: Anchor Books, 2011.

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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A Short History of Private Life. London: Doubleday, 2010.

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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. 4^a ed. London: Black Swan, 2016.

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Bill, Bryson. At Home. London: Transworld, 2010.

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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. New York: Random House, 2010.

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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A Short History of Private Life. New York, USA: Doubleday, 2010.

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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. New York: Doubleday, 2010.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cattle deseases and pests"

Fincher, G. T. "Biological Control of Dung-breeding Flies: Pests of Pastured Cattle in the United States". In Biocontrol of Arthropods Affecting Livestock and Poultry, 137–51. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429043338-11.

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Bodenchuk, Michael. "Vertebrate Pests of Cattle". In Encyclopedia of Pest Management (Print). CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0824706326.ch414.

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"MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE PESTS (RANGE, CONFINEMENT, DAIRY)". In Veterinary Entomology, 241–70. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15105-17.

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Drummond, R. O. "Biology and Control of Insect Pests of Dairy Cattle". In Dairy Science Handbook, 365–73. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429049361-36.

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HITCHCOCK, ROBERT K. "Domestic Crop Production among the Ju/’hoansi San of Nyae Nyae, Namibia". In Archaeology on the Threshold, 174–205. University Press of Florida, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069531.003.0008.

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This chapter assesses the transition from hunting and gathering to food production, drawing on data from the Ju/’hoansi San of southern Africa. After considering some of the explanations that have been provided for the origins of agriculture, the transformations that occurred in the foraging populations residing in the northern Kalahari region of Namibia and Botswana are described. Drawing on ethnoarchaeological and ethnographic data collected over forty-four years of fieldwork, the domestic crop production strategies of the Ju/’hoansi San are described and analyzed. Constraints on agricultural production are identified, including drought, pests, plant diseases, nutrient deficiencies in the soil, and lack of sufficient labor. Ju/’hoansi attempt to get around these constraints using time-tested and creative methods such as planting specific kinds of crops near each other to deal with pests and fertilizing the soil with cattle dung. Recent problems that the Ju/’hoansi have faced include the drawing off of garden labor as a result of decisions to collect Devil’s Claw as a means of earning income and the presence of sizable numbers of cattle that raid the gardens and fields, some of them having been brought into the Nyae Nyae area by Herero pastoralists in 2014.

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Rosario Cruz, Rodrigo, Delia Inés Domínguez García, Saúl López Silva e Fernando Rosario Domínguez. "Integrated Management of the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and the Acaricide Resistance Mitigation". In Insecticides [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100015.

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Resistance to insecticides is one of the major obstacles to the control of agricultural pests, as well as species important to human and veterinary health. The World Health Organization has called insecticide resistance “the great little obstacle against vector-borne diseases”. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the most important vector, transmitting diseases to cattle such as anaplasmosis and babesiosis. These diseases cause great economic losses that significantly increased because of the appearance of tick populations resistant to acaricides, as a result of the intensive use of pesticides. Resistance to ixodicides in Latin America is a growing problem, since control of disease-transmitting ticks, depends heavily on the use of pesticides. In Mexico, the resistance of R. microplus to organophosphate compounds, pyrethroids, and recently amidines, has been detected in some areas, affected by multiple acaricide resistance to the three families of ixodicides. The cattle tick R. microplus in addition to the great ecological impact represents the most expensive pest for livestock in Mexico, since the producers are directly affected by this tick, due to the decrease in the production of meat, milk and damage to the skin, as well as the indirect damage, such as the transmission of diseases, including Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis, which, in turn, represents a serious limitation for the introduction of specialized cattle in endemic areas. Therefore, the use of integrated management programs is a mandatory issue that should be implemented in all those areas affected by this parasite.

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Conway, Gordon, Ousmane Badiane e Katrin Glatzel. "The New Genetics". In Food for All in Africa, 157–87. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501743887.003.0008.

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This chapter turns to genetic intensification, which consists of developing crop and livestock crosses that contain genes capable of producing improved yields on a sustainable basis. These crosses often show increased vigor, such that they tend to outperform both parents, although for reasons that are not fully clear. Today, hybrids and crosses are the basis for most improved crop and livestock breeds, including wheat, rice, maize, and dairy cattle. Nevertheless, as has been long recognized, conventional breeding techniques have practical limitations. The application of modern cellular and molecular biology is pursued through four practical techniques: marker-assisted selection, cell and tissue culture, recombinant DNA, and gene editing. The chapter examines the extent to which these interventions contribute to sustainable intensification: improving nutrition, increasing resilience to pests, diseases, and climate change, and improving nitrogen fixation.

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"sion dam (Stanley 1979). Most of the species collected in the bait traps were those associated with permanent and semipermanent fresh water breeding sites, and the dominant species was Culex annulirostris, which accounted for over 70 per cent of the collections (Liehne et al. 1976a; Stanley 1979). Thus the major vector species for MVE virus was shown to be abundant in the Ord River irrigation area. The major mosquito breeding areas were in swampland adjacent to the diversion dam. Little breeding activity was found in the irrigation area probably due to the excessive use of insecticides applied by aerial spraying for controlling insect pests on cotton crops. However, cotton was discontinued as a crop in 1975, and an increased number of mosquitoes began to appear in 1976. • Viruses. Pools of mosquitoes were processed for virus isolation by intracerebral inoc-ulation of macerated mosquito supernatants into suckling mice. A total of 195 strains of 16 arboviruses were isolated from 1075 pools, of which 29 were identified as MVE virus and 21 as Kunjin virus. The majority of the isolates were made from Culex annulirostris (153 of 195 isolations), including 28 of 29 identified as MVE. Thus the overall virus isolation rate was high (18 per cent). For MVE virus from Culex annulirostris, 3.5 per cent of pools yielded virus at an approximate rate of 1 infected mosquito per 1459 uninfected mosquitoes (Liehne et al. 1976b; 1981). • Serological studies of animals and birds. All the early serological investigations employed the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. Cattle sera obtained from the Ord River irrigation area exhibited a high incidence of antibody to MVE virus (80 per cent positive), but the incidence declined to 37 per cent positivity in sera collected elsewhere in the Kimberley region (Liehne et al. 1976c). A very significant increase in the incidence of antibody to MVE was observed in cattle between 1972 and 1975 in the irrigation area and nearby cattle properties, with increases ranging from between 22 and 36 per cent to between 75 and 90 per cent (Stanley 1979). While the establishment of the irrigation area and the completion of the Ord River dam were undoubtedly responsible for some of this increase, it is probable that the very heavy ‘wet’ season rainfall in 1973–74 also contributed. • Of 335 sera collected from 31 avian species, 195 were found to have antibody to MVE virus. Although only a few species were sampled in moderate or large num-bers, it was interesting to note that the incidence of antibody was similar between waterbirds and non-waterbirds (56 and 59 per cent, respectively), and between differ-ent avian orders: Ciconiiformes (herons, egrets), 62 per cent; Anseriformes (ducks, grebes), 55 per cent; and Psittaciformes (parrots), 56 per cent, (Liehne et al. 1976c). • Human serological studies. A total of 441 human sera were collected in the Ord River area, of which 293 were from Caucasians and 148 from Aboriginals. A very high incidence of MVE antibodies was observed in the Aboriginal population, with 96 per cent of adults and 77 per cent of children exhibiting antibodies. In the Caucasian pop-ulation, the incidence of MVE virus antibodies was 53 per cent in adults and 24 per". In Water Resources, 129. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-22.

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