Bibliografie tematiche / Catalysts – Analysis

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Catalysts – Analysis"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 10 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Catalysts – Analysis"

1

Lomic, Gizela, Erne Kis, Goran Boskovic e Radmila Marinkovic-Neducin. "Application of scanning electron microscopy in catalysis". Acta Periodica Technologica, n. 35 (2004): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0435067l.

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A short survey of various information obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the investigation of heterogeneous catalysts and nano-structured materials have been presented. The capabilities of SEM analysis and its application in testing catalysts in different fields of heterogeneous catalysis are illustrated. The results encompass the proper way of catalyst preparation, the mechanism of catalyst active sites formation catalysts changes and catalyst degradation during their application in different chemical processes. Presented SEM pictures have been taken on a SEM JOEL ISM 35 over 25 years of studies in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
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2

Su, Shu Hua, Shi Ye Feng, Yuan Fang Zhao, Qiang Lu, Wei Liang Cheng e Chang Qing Dong. "Comparison of Three Types of NH3-SCR Catalysts". Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (ottobre 2011): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.418.

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The selective catalysis reduction (SCR) is one of the most promising technologies for NOx reduction at present. There are three types of NH3-SCR catalysts in the market, honeycomb catalyst, plate-types catalyst and corrugated catalyst. This paper firstly describes the preparation of the three types of catalysts, and then analyzes their performance. The analysis indicates the catalyst structure plays an important role on their performance. The honeycomb catalyst and plate-type catalyst are widely utilized in world’s coal power station, which should be due to their excellent capabilities of ash prevention, wear resistance and anti-poisoning.
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3

Samoilov, N. A., M. S. Melgunov e V. A. Zhilina. "Analysis of the performance of the industrial Co-Mo catalyst for hydrotreatment". Kataliz v promyshlennosti 19, n. 5 (17 settembre 2019): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2019-5-345-350.

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The process of hydrotreatment of diesel fuel (fraction 180–320 °C) over fresh and spent (after two-year operation in an industrial reactor) Co-Mo catalyst was studied. It was established that the sulfur contents were rather close to one another in the diesel fuel samples treated using the fresh and spent catalysts, even though the specific surface area was 40 % smaller in the spent catalyst compared to that in the fresh sample. Dependence of effective constant keff of hydrodesulfurization on the temperature of low-temperature hydrotreatment (below 320–330 °C) was characteristic of the kinetic range of heterogeneous catalysis complicated by external diffusion resistance. When the temperature was elevated up to 420 °C, the process of diesel hydrotreatment transferred to the external diffusion region. Activation energies of hydrodesulfurization were comparable over the spent and fresh catalysts (81.1 and 80.5 kJ/mol, respectively). A hypothesis of the specific catalyst deactivation was discussed.
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Tišler, Zdeněk, Pavla Vondrová, Kateřina Hrachovcová, Kamil Štěpánek, Romana Velvarská, Jaroslav Kocík e Eliška Svobodová. "Aldol Condensation of Cyclohexanone and Furfural in Fixed-Bed Reactor". Catalysts 9, n. 12 (14 dicembre 2019): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9121068.

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Aldol condensation reaction is usually catalysed using homogeneous catalysts. However, the heterogeneous catalysis offers interesting advantages and the possibility of cleaner biofuels production. Nowadays, one of the most used kinds of heterogeneous catalysts are hydrotalcites, which belong to a group of layered double hydroxides. This paper describes the aldol condensation of cyclohexanone (CH) and furfural (F) using Mg/Al mixed oxides and rehydrated mixed oxides in order to compare the catalyst activity after calcination and rehydration, as well as the possibility of its regeneration. The catalysts were synthesized by calcination and subsequent rehydration of the laboratory-prepared and commercial hydrotalcites, with Mg:Al molar ratio of 3:1. Their structural and chemical properties were determined by several analytical methods (inductively coupled plasma analysis (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), specific surface area (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature programmed desorption (TPD)). F-CH aldol condensation was performed in a continuous fixed-bed reactor at 80 °C, CH:F = 5:1, WHSV 2 h−1. The rehydrated laboratory-prepared catalysts showed a 100% furfural conversion for more than 55 h, in contrast to the calcined ones (only 24 h). The yield of condensation products FCH and F2CH was up to 68% and 10%, respectively. Obtained results suggest that Mg/Al mixed oxides-based heterogeneous catalyst is suitable for use in the aldol condensation reaction of furfural and cyclohexanone in a fixed-bed reactor, which is an interesting alternative way to obtain biofuels from renewable sources.
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Crozier, P. A., e M. Pan. "Quantitative nano-characterization of heterogeneous catalysts". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (13 agosto 1995): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138361.

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Heterogeneous catalysts can be of varying complexity ranging from single or double phase systems to complicated mixtures of metals and oxides with additives to help promote chemical reactions, extend the life of the catalysts, prevent poisoning etc. Although catalysis occurs on the surface of most systems, detailed descriptions of the microstructure and chemistry of catalysts can be helpful for developing an understanding of the mechanism by which a catalyst facilitates a reaction. Recent years have seen continued development and improvement of various TEM, STEM and AEM techniques for yielding information on the structure and chemistry of catalysts on the nanometer scale. Here we review some quantitative approaches to catalyst characterization that have resulted from new developments in instrumentation.HREM has been used to examine structural features of catalysts often by employing profile imaging techniques to study atomic details on the surface. Digital recording techniques employing slow-scan CCD cameras have facilitated the use of low-dose imaging in zeolite structure analysis and electron crystallography. Fig. la shows a low-dose image from SSZ-33 zeolite revealing the presence of a stacking fault.
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Bergbreiter, David E., Andrew Kippenberger e Zhenqi Zhong. "Catalysis with palladium colloids supported in poly(acrylic acid)-grafted polyethylene and polystyrene". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2006): 1343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-076.

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Grafts of poly(acrylic acid) on polyethylene powder (PE-g-PAA) or polystyrene (PS-g-PAA) can be used to support Pd(0) crystallites that function like a homogeneous Pd(0) catalyst in some reactions. These Pd–PE-g-PAA catalysts were active in allylic substitution reactions in the presence of added phosphine ligand. A catalyst analogous to the Pd–PE-g-PAA powder catalyst on polystyrene (Pd–PS-g-PAA) was similarly active for allylic substitution and could also be used in Heck reactions at 80–100 °C in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA). Analysis of the product solutions for Pd leachate and a correlation of the Pd leaching with product formation in the allylic substitution chemistry for both types of catalysts suggests that the active catalysts in these reactions are leached from the support. In the case of the allylic substitution reaction, external triphenylphosphine and substrate together are required for the chemistry and Pd leaching.Key words: catalysis, palladium, allylic substitution, grafted polystyrene, supported catalysts.
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du Plessis, Hester, Roy Forbes, Werner Barnard, Alta Ferreira e Axel Steuwer. "In situ reduction study of cobalt model Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5 agosto 2014): C948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090512.

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Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is an important process to manufacture hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons from mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas). The catalysis process occurs on for example cobalt metal surfaces at elevated temperatures and pressures. A fundamental understanding of the reduction pathway of supported cobalt oxides, and the intermediate species present during the activation, can assist in developing improved industrial supported cobalt catalysts. Measurements were done during in-situ hydrogen activation of a model Co/alumina catalyst using in-situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and pair-distribution function (PDF) analysis. Strong metal-support interactions between the Co and the support1 can make the catalyst more stable towards sintering. The supported cobalt oxide catalyst precursors have to undergo reductive pre-treatments before their use as FT catalysts. During activation the cobalt oxides evolve, resulting in the formation of metallic cobalt depending on temperature, pressure of activation gases, concentration, time of exposure etc. The effect of hydrogen activation treatments on model catalysts were reported previously [1,2], however analysis of the alumina support phases was excluded from the interpretation by subtraction and normalisation. The PDF refinement accounted for all cobalt present in the catalyst sample and after reduction mainly Co(fcc) with a little Co(hcp) was found to be present. This is a novel approach to in situ PDF analysis of catalysts containing a mixture of phases [3].
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van Slagmaat, Christian A. M. R., Khi Chhay Chou, Lukas Morick, Darya Hadavi, Burgert Blom e Stefaan M. A. De Wildeman. "Synthesis and Catalytic Application of Knölker-Type Iron Complexes with a Novel Asymmetric Cyclopentadienone Ligand Design". Catalysts 9, n. 10 (22 settembre 2019): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9100790.

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Asymmetric catalysis is an essential tool in modern chemistry, but increasing environmental concerns demand the development of new catalysts based on cheap, abundant, and less toxic iron. As a result, Knölker-type catalysts have emerged as a promising class of iron catalysts for various chemical transformations, notably the hydrogenation of carbonyls and imines, while asymmetric versions are still under exploration to achieve optimal enantio-selectivities. In this work, we report a novel asymmetric design of a Knölker-type catalyst, in which the C2-rotational symmetric cyclopentadienone ligand possesses chiral substituents on the 2- and 5-positions near the active site. Four examples of the highly modular catalyst design were synthesized via standard organic procedures, and their structures were confirmed with NMR, IR, MS, and polarimetry analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to elucidate the spatial conformation of the catalysts, and therewith to rationalize the influence of structural alterations. Transfer- and H2-mediated hydrogenations were successfully established, leading to appreciable enantiomeric excesses (ee) values up to 70%. Amongst all reported Knölker-type catalysts, our catalyst design achieves one of the highest ee values for hydrogenation of acetophenone and related compounds.
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Thongboon, Surached, Pacharaporn Rittiron, Danusorn Kiatsaengthong, Thanaphat Chukeaw e Anusorn Seubsai. "Propylene Epoxidation to Propylene Oxide Over RuO2, CuO, TeO2, and TiO2 Supported on Modified Mesoporous Silicas". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, n. 6 (1 giugno 2020): 3466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17408.

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Direct gas phase epoxidation of propylene to propylene oxide (PO) using O2 is a challenging problem in catalysis research. Silica-supported ruthenium-copper-based catalysts have been recently reported to be promising for propylene epoxidation. In this work, mesoporous silica supports modified with RuO2, CuO, and TeO2 with and without TiO2 were investigated for propylene epoxidation to PO. The prepared catalysts were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of mesoporous silica supports modified with RuO2, CuO, and TeO2, and the second group consisted of the same components as the first group but adding TiO2. The prepared supports and catalysts were characterized using BET surface area analysis and other advanced instrument techniques. It was found that the catalyst made with RuO2 and TeO2 impregnated onto porous silica modified with CuO and TiO2 (denoted as RuTe/CuTiSi) exhibited an excellent PO formation of 344 gPO h−1 kg−1cat, which was superior to that of the other prepared catalysts. Moreover, the addition of TiO2 into the catalyst greatly improved the PO formation rate and the arrangement of active components in the catalyst and strongly influenced catalytic performance.
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Shareef, Muhammad Faizan, Muhammad Arslan, Naseem Iqbal, Nisar Ahmad e Tayyaba Noor. "Development of Hydrotalcite Based Cobalt Catalyst by Hydrothermal and Co-precipitation Method for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis". Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 12, n. 3 (28 ottobre 2017): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.3.762.357-362.

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This paper presents the effect of a synthesis method for cobalt catalyst supported on hydrotalcite material for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The hydrotalcite supported cobalt (HT-Co) catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using various techniques like BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis), XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Fixed bed micro reactor was used to test the catalytic activity of prepared catalysts. The catalytic testing results demonstrated the performance of hydrotalcite based cobalt catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with high selectivity for liquid products. The effect of synthesis method on the activity and selectivity of catalyst was also discussed. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 3rd November 2016; Revised: 26th February 2017; Accepted: 9th March 2017; Available online: 27th October 2017; Published regularly: December 2017How to Cite: Sharif, M.S., Arslan, M., Iqbal, N., Ahmad, N., Noor, T. (2017). Development of Hydrotalcite Based Cobalt Catalyst by Hydrothermal and Co-precipitation Method for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12(3): 357-363 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.3.762.357-363)
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Tesi sul tema "Catalysts – Analysis"

1

Beskari, Mohamed Ali. "Dynamic analysis of diffusion and convection in porous catalysts". Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244857.

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Kwon, Doo Hyun. "Computational Design and Analysis of Molecular Ethylene Oligomerization Catalysts". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8551.

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Linear alpha olefins (LAOs) are key petrochemical precursors for the synthesis of larger polymers, detergents, plasticizers, and lubricants. Most catalytic ethylene oligomerization processes generate a wide distribution of LAO carbon chain lengths. A major ongoing industrial challenge is to develop homogeneous catalysts that result in selective and tunable ethylene oligomerization to 1-hexene and 1-octene alkenes. Quantum mechanical calculations coupled with rapidly advancing technology have enabled the ability to calculate small molecule systems with high accuracy. Employing computational models to advance from empirical to quantitative prediction of product selectivities has become an active area of exploration. In this work, we demonstrate the development and use of a density-functional theory (DFT) transition-state model that provides highly accurate quantitative prediction of phosphinoamidine (P,N) Cr catalysts for controllable selective ethylene trimerization and tetramerization. This model identified a new family of highly selective catalysts that through computational-based ligand design results in a predictable shift from 1-hexene selectivity to 1-octene. Subsequent experimental ligand synthesis and catalyst testing verified the quantitative computational predictions. DFT calculations also provide key insights to factors controlling catalytic activity and present important design criteria for the development of active Cr-based ethylene oligomerization systems. Non-selective ethylene transformations, referred to as full range processes, provide access to a range of LAOs (C4-C20) that are used to produce polyethylene, surfactants, and other commercial products. During full-range oligomerizations, undesired byproducts degrade the purity of LAOs mostly consisting of branched oligomers. Computational mechanistic investigations reveal the origin of linear versus branched selectivity in Fe-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization reactions.
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Ahuja, Vishal. "Analysis of novel transition metals as catalysts for oxygen delignification". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62909.pdf.

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Fomes, Charles William. "Development of novel oxidation catalysts for carbon isotope ratio analysis". Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343742.

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Lentz, Samuel D. "Development and optimization of NOx reduction catalysts using statistical analysis". Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/36953.

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Allcock, Gillian C. "The statistical aspects of the analysis and design of enzyme kinetic studies". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366536.

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Dai, Shuanghua Patrick. "X-ray scattering and thermal analysis study of isotactic polypropylene /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2000.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2000.
Submitted to the Dept. of Physics. Adviser: Peggy Cebe. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-251). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Mullet, Dianna Rose. "Catalysts of Women's Success in Academic STEM: A Feminist Poststructural Analysis". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062911/.

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This study analyzes senior women faculty's discourses about personal and professional experiences they believe contributed to their advancement in academic careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The purpose of the study is to understand factors that activate women's success in STEM disciplines where women's representation has not yet attained critical mass. A poststructuralist emphasis on complexity and changing nature of power relations offers a framework that illuminates the ways in which elite women navigate social inequalities, hierarchies of power, and non-democratic practices. Feminist poststructural discourse analysis (FPDA) methods allow analysis of women's talk about their experiences in order to understand the women's complex, shifting positions. Eight female tenured full professors of STEM at research-focused universities in the United States participated in the study. Data sources were in-depth semi-structured interviews, a demographic survey, and curricula vitae. Findings will help shape programs and policies aimed at increasing female representation and promoting achievement at senior levels in academic STEM fields.
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Haibo, E. "Quantitative analysis of core-shell nanoparticle catalysts by scanning transmission electron microscopy". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:19c3b989-0ffb-487f-8cb3-f6e9dea83e63.

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This thesis concerns the application of aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to the quantitative analysis of industrial Pd-Pt core-shell catalyst nanoparticles. High angle annular dark field imaging (HAADF), an incoherent imaging mode, is used to determine particle size distribution and particle morphology of various particle designs with differing amounts of Pt coverage. The limitations to imaging, discrete tomography and spectral analysis imposed by the sample’s sensitivity to the beam are also explored. Since scattered intensity in HAADF is strongly dependent on both thickness and composition, determining the three dimensional structure of a particle and its bimetallic composition in each atomic column requires further analysis. A quantitative method was developed to interpret single images, obtained from commercially available microscopes, by analysis of the cross sections of HAADF scattering from individual atomic columns. This technique uses thorough detector calibrations and full dynamical simulations in order to allow comparison between experimentally measured cross section to simulated ones and is shown to be robust to many experimental parameters. Potential difficulties in its applications are discussed. The cross section approach is tested on model materials before applying it to the identification of column compositions of core-shell nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis is then used to provide compositional sensitivity. The potential sources of error are discussed and steps towards optimisation of experimental parameters presented. Finally, a combination of HAADF cross section analysis and EDX spectrum imaging is used to investigate the core-shell nanoparticles and the results are correlated to findings regarding structure and catalyst activity from other techniques. The results show that analysis by cross section combined with EDX spectrum mapping shows great promise in elucidating the atom-by-atom composition of individual columns in a core-shell nanoparticle. However, there is a clear need for further investigation to solve the thickness / composition dualism.
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Nguyen, Tuan Huy Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Semiconductor oxide supported Mo and Mo-W carbide catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26969.

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Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction to produce sulphur free hydrocarbons has enjoyed a resurgent in interests due to increases in world oil prices. In this work, the suitability of Mo and Mo-W carbides has been investigated as a possible cost-effective alternative to noble metals in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The molybdenum and tungsten monometallic and bimetallic carbides were prepared through precipitation from homogeneous solution to the sulphide followed by carburization with a mixture of propane and hydrogen to produce the resulting metal carbide. A 23 factorial design strategy was employed to investigate the effect of three carburizing variables, namely, time, temperature and gas ratio on the resulting catalyst. In particular, the effect of supports was also examined through four common semiconductor oxide supports, namely: Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2 and ZrO2. Thermogravimetric analysis of the carburization reactions showed that the conversion from metal sulphide to the metal carbides is a multistep process producing different phases of carbides, namely ??-MoC1-x, ??-Mo2C, ?? -WC1-x and ??-W2C, depending on heating rate and temperature. The rate determining step of the carburising reaction is the diffusion of carbon atoms into the metal matrix, hence giving relatively low activation energy values. Statistical analysis of the factorial design revealed that all three carburizing variables affect the final physiochemical makeup of the catalyst. SEM analysis showed that the carbides are well dispersed on the surface of the support and catalyst particles produced are nanoparticles in the range of 25 to 220 nm depending on the support. Fischer-Tropsch activity test showed that monometallic molybdenum carbide is active under Fischer-Tropsch conditions while tungsten carbide is inactive for the conditions studied in this project. However, bimetallic carbide catalyst, consisting of the two mentioned metals gave overall higher reaction rates and decreased methane selectivity. Steady state analysis revealed that there are two active sites on the surface of molybdenum carbide catalyst resulting in two chain growth propagation values when analysed via the Anderson-Schulz-Flory kinetics. Overall, ZrO2 support appeared to be the most suitable support followed by SiO2, TiO2 and Al2O3. Finally, kinetic modelling of data showed that methanation and higher hydrocarbons formation path occurs via combination of the oxygenated intermediate and Eley-Rideal mechanism.
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Libri sul tema "Catalysts – Analysis"

1

Spectroscopy in catalysis: An introduction. 3a ed. Weinheim, DE: Wiley-VCH, 2007.

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Spectroscopy in catalysis: An introduction. 2a ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2000.

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Niemantsverdriet, J. W. Spectroscopy in catalysis: An introduction. Weinheim: VCH, 1993.

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Niemantsverdriet, J. W. Spectroscopy in catalysis: An introduction. 2a ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2000.

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John, Lynch. Analyse physico-chimique des catalyseurs industriels: Manuel pratique de caractérisation. Paris, France: Technip, 2001.

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Ahuja, Vishal. Analysis of novel transition metals as catalysts for oxygen delignification. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.

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Jan Cornelis van der Waal. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application of zeolite titanium beta. Delft: Delft Univ. Press, 1998.

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M, Zhidomirov G., a cura di. Metody molekuli͡arnoĭ spektroskopii v khimii koordinat͡sionnykh soedineniĭ i katalizatorov. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1986.

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Haile, Jonas T. Analysis of spent automobile catalysts: Rh, Pd, and Pt (precious metals) via X-Ray fluorescence. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2001.

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Kozlov, G. V. Fractal analysis and synergetics of catalysis in nanosystems. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Catalysts – Analysis"

1

Singh, N. K., e B. G. Baker. "Characterization of Catalysts by Surface Analysis". In Springer Series in Surface Sciences, 405–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05227-3_17.

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Baker, B. G. "Characterization of Catalysts by Surface Analysis". In Springer Series in Surface Sciences, 337–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02767-7_17.

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Yamada, Yusuke, e Tetsuhiko Kobayashi. "High-Throughput Screening of Oxidation Catalysts with Gas Sensors". In High-Throughput Analysis, 247–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8989-5_12.

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Bricker, Maureen L., Ralph D. Gillespie, Jennifer S. Holmgren, J. W. Adriaan Sachtler e Richard R. Willis. "Scaling Up of Catalysts Discovered from Small-Scale Experiments". In High-Throughput Analysis, 581–609. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8989-5_26.

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Ellison, A. "Structural Analysis of Supported Chromium Systems". In Olefin Metathesis and Polymerization Catalysts, 407–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3328-9_18.

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Baker, B. G., e M. Jasieniak. "Analysis of Alumina-Supported Catalysts by XPS". In Surface Science, 348–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80281-2_26.

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Su, Hui, e Edward S. Yeung. "Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection in High-Throughput Screening of Heterogeneous Catalysts". In High-Throughput Analysis, 57–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8989-5_4.

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Rehr, John J., Joshua J. Kas, Fernando D. Vila e Matthew Newville. "Theory and Analysis of XAFS". In XAFS Techniques for Catalysts, Nanomaterials, and Surfaces, 13–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43866-5_2.

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Efstathiou, Angelos M., John T. Gleaves e Gregory S. Yablonsky. "Transient Techniques: Temporal Analysis of Products and Steady State Isotopic Transient Kinetic Analysis". In Characterization of Solid Materials and Heterogeneous Catalysts, 1013–73. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527645329.ch22.

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Hadnadjev-Kostic, Milica, Tatjana Vulic e Radmila Marinkovic-Neducin. "Thermal Activation of Layered Hydroxide-Based Catalysts". In Reactions and Mechanisms in Thermal Analysis of Advanced Materials, 483–513. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119117711.ch20.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Catalysts – Analysis"

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FERONE, CLAUDIO, RAFFAELE CIOFFI, STEFANO CIMINO, LUCIANA LISI, SIMONE MALVEZZI e GIOVANNI PERILLO. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON MONOLITHIC DENOX CATALYSTS". In ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eid180081.

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Raoufi, Arman, Sagar Kapadia e James C. Newman. "Sensitivity Analysis and Computational Optimization of Fuel Reformer". In ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2016-59110.

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Abstract (sommario):
In this study, the catalytic combustion of methane is numerically investigated using an unstructured, implicit, fully coupled finite volume approach. Nonlinear system of equations is solved by Newton’s method. The catalytic partial oxidation of methane over both platinum and rhodium catalysts are studied three-dimensionally. Eight gas-phase species (CH4, CO2, H2O, N2, O2, CO, OH and H2) are considered for the simulation. Surface chemistry is modeled by detailed reaction mechanisms including 24 heterogeneous reactions with 11 surface-adsorbed species for Pt catalyst and 38 heterogeneous reactions with 20 surface-adsorbed species for Rh catalyst. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data and good agreement is observed. The performance of the fuel reformer is analyzed for two different catalysts. The sensitivity analysis for the reactor is performed using three different approaches: finite difference, direct differentiation and adjoint method. The design cycle is performed using two gradient-based optimization algorithms to improve the value of the implemented cost function and optimize the reactor performance.
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Sie, Min-Chun, Pei-Di Jeng, Pin-Hsuan Chen, Ruei-Ci Wu e Chen-Bin Wang. "Evaluation of CO oxidation over Co3O4-supported NiO catalysts". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS” (FAIA2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4999890.

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Klinghoffer, Naomi, e Marco J. Castaldi. "Deactivation and Energy Analysis of Char Catalysts in Biomass Gasification Systems". In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7036.

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One of the major barriers to gasification is the need for elimination of tars that are generated in thermochemical conversion processes. While metal catalysts can be used for tar decomposition, and cheaper alternative is char. Deactivation of char catalysts has been studied and these deactivation rates have been applied to a model for a gasification system. The calculations and experimental data presented here show that if the char from a gasifier is recycled to a tar reformer then some char deactivation will take place, but the activity will not fall below 40% of its initial activity. The energy penalty for diverting char, a potential heat source, to a catalytic reactor has been accounted for. This was done by comparing the heating value of char to the heating value of syngas generated from reforming tar using the char as a catalyst. At high gasification temperatures, when tar production in the gasifier was low, the char had a higher heating value than the syngas that was produced from tar reforming. At low temperatures, the heating value of the syngas exceeded that of the char combustion, which implies an overall energy benefit.
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Pramuanjaroenkij, Anchasa, Xiang Yang Zhou, Amarin Tongkratoke e Sadık Kakac¸. "Simulation of Indirect Internal Reforming With Self-Sustained Electrochemical Promotion Catalysts in a Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode". In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25433.

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Low operating temperature SOFCs permit a larger range of choices for materials, higher durability, and less volume and mass of a SOFC system. However, the low operating temperature poses a difficulty for the reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel: external reforming and internal reforming (IR). In this work, we develop a numerical model for simulating an indirect internal reforming section to introduce effects of the electrochemical promotion and coupling between selective anode catalysts and selective cathode catalysts in the catalyst pack in a planar solid oxide fuel cell operating at an intermediate temperature. The model employs a simplified geometrical model of an indirect internal reforming section in the anode chamber of the planar solid oxide fuel cell. However, the model includes very complicated combination of conventional reforming processes, electrochemical promotion and coupling. The model is simulated by using an in-house computer code. The results predict that the electrochemical promotion and coupling in a microscopic scale can enable a significant reforming and production of hydrogen at a relatively low temperature (500°C) with different conditions.
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Uemura, Yoshimitsu, Nga T. T. Tran, Salman Raza Naqvi e Norikazu Nishiyama. "Nano-catalysts for upgrading bio-oil: Catalytic decarboxylation and hydrodeoxygenation". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS” (FAIA2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4999852.

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Corby, Sacha, James Durrant, Laia Francas, Shababa Selim, Sven Tengeler, Miguel Garcia-Tecedor, Camilo Mesa et al. "Spectroscopic Analysis of NiOx Catalysts for Water Oxidation". In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ngfm.2019.085.

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Kumar, Anand, e Anchu Ashok. "Catalytic Decomposition of Ethanol over Bimetallic Nico Catalysts for Carbon Nanotube Synthesis". In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0039.

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Abstract (sommario):
In this work we investigate the use of NiCo bimetal/oxide as catalyst for hydrogen production from ethanol, with a focus on the deactivation pattern and the nature of the observed carbon deposition. It is well known that sintering and coke deposition during decomposition reaction significantly reduces the activity of the catalysts at higher temperature, by blocking the active sites of the catalysts. During ethanol decomposition reaction, the cleavage of C-C bond produces adsorbed *CH4 and *CO species that further decompose to form carbonaceous compounds. FTIR in-situ analysis was conducted between 50 to 400°C for all the catalysts to understand the reaction mechanism and product selectivity. Cobalt was found to be selective for aldehyde and acetate, whereas bimetallic Ni-Co was selective for the formation of CO at 400°C along with aldehyde. Complete conversion of ethanol was observed at 350°C and 420°C for NiCo and Cobalt respectively indicating an improvement in the rate of conversion when Ni was added to cobalt. The crystallinity, morphology and particle analysis of the used catalyst after reaction were studied using XRD, SEM and TEM respectively. The XRD shows the complete phase change of porous NiCoO2 to NiCo alloy and SEM indicates the presence of fibrous structure on the surface with 91.7 % of carbon while keeping 1:1 ratio of Ni and Co after the reaction. The detailed analysis of carbon structure using HRTEM-STEM shows the simultaneous growth of carbon nano fibers (CNFs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that were favored on larger and smaller crystallites respectively. Analysis of carbon formation on individual Co catalyst and bimetallic NiCo catalyst shows a clear difference in the initiation pattern of carbon deposition. Metallic Co nanoparticles were found to be more mobile where Co disperses along the catalysts surface, whereas NiCo nanoparticles were relatively less mobile, and maintained their structure.
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Chen, Dong Lin, Tuo Ye e Xi Zeng. "Experimental Investigation of Activation Solution for On-Line Activating SCR-DeNOx Catalyst". In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3476.

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Abstract (sommario):
Currently, SCR-DeNOx technology of flue gas has been widely applied in coal-fired power plants in China for its higher denitrification efficiency, lower ammonia escape and more stable operation performance. In order to overcome the shortages of the off-line method, an on-line method based activating was proposed. However, many key technologies also need to be researched that one of them is a cheap and efficient activating solution. First, activating solutions were prepared by means of single factor and experimental investigations of catalysts activation were conducted. Second, impacts of the catalysts, which were activated by the above mentioned solutions, NO removal and activity were tested and compared with that of the inactivated catalyst. The effect of active components (vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, oxalic acid) and flue gas conditions on the activation of catalyst were investigated. Then, analysis of these catalysts by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the specific surface area (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted. Finally, an ideal activating solution was found out through the analysis of the efficiency of denitrification and the macro and micro changes from catalysts. The following conclusions were obtained through the above mentioned activation experiments: 1) NO removal by activated catalysts is higher than that of inactivated catalyst; the De-NOx efficiency can be up to 99% in the following conditions: the reaction temperature (370 °C), the proportion of the active solution component (1.0%-V, 9%-W, 6%-Mo), the oxygen concentration (4%-O2) and the ratio of ammonia and nitrogen (NH3:N2 = 1:1); 2) the airspeed and the initial concentration of NO had little influence on catalyst activation; 3) the specific surface area and pore size of the activated catalyst were significantly increased that the active components of the catalyst surface were effectively added. Our investigation results to illustrate that the enhancement of active components, broadening of acid sites distribution, and including the surface labile oxygen and small pores opening to be the reason for high denitrification efficiency.
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Tsujikawa, Y., S. Fujii, H. Sadamori, S. Ito e S. Katsura. "Flow Analysis of High Pressure Catalytic Combustor for Gas Turbine". In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-351.

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Abstract (sommario):
The objective of this paper is modeling the mechanism of high temperature catalytic oxidation of natural gas, or methane. The model is two-dimensional steady-state, and includes axial and radial convection and diffusion of mass, momentum and energy, as well as homogeneous (gas phase) and heterogeneous (gas-surface) single step irreversible chemical reactions within a catalyst channel. Experimental investigations were also made of natural gas, or methane combustion in the presence of Mn-substituted hexaaluminate catalysts. Axial profiles of catalyst wall temperature, and gas temperature and gas composition for a range of gas turbine combustor operating conditions have been obtained for comparison with and development of a computer model of catalytic combustion. Numerical calculation results for low pressure agree well with experimental data. The calculations have been extended for high pressure (10 atms) operating conditions of gas turbine.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Catalysts – Analysis"

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Flanagan, L. An analysis of commerical zeolite catalysts by multinuclear NMR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6455677.

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Mallouk, T. E., E. Reddington e C. Pu. Discovery of methanol electro-oxidation catalysts by combinatorial analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460324.

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3

Freund, F. Charge distribution analysis of catalysts under simulated reaction conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6850561.

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Su, Hui. Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection in High-Throughput Screening of Heterogeneous Catalysts and Single Cells Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804157.

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Su, Hui. Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection in High-Throughput Screening of Heterogeneous Catalysts and Single Cells Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/797334.

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Freund, F. Charge distribution analysis of catalysts under simulated reaction conditions. Final report, October 1, 1993--June 30, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/181522.

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Freund, F. Charge distribution analysis of catalysts under simulated reaction conditions. Technical progress report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10149576.

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Freund, F. Charge distribution analysis of catalysts under simulated reaction conditions. Fourth quarterly technical progress report, July 1--September 30, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10143851.

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Freund, F. Charge distribution analysis of catalysts under simulated reaction conditions. Fifth quarterly technical progress report, October 1--December 31, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10143855.

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Freund, F. Charge distribution analysis of catalysts under simulated reaction conditions. Technical progress report: Tenth quarter, January 1--March 31, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/113897.

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