Bibliografie tematiche / Catalyst warm-up

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Catalyst warm-up"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Catalyst warm-up":

Umehara, K. "HC reduction system for cold start and warm-up phases — Improvement of catalyst warm-up by retarded ignition". JSAE Review 18, n. 1 (gennaio 1997): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0389-4304(96)00056-2.

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Khalilikhah, O., e M. Shalchian. "Modelling and Fuzzy-Threshold Control of SI Engine for Emission Reduction during Cold Start Phase". International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2019): 7225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.4.2019.05.0539.

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We present a controllable model of an internal combustion engine that captures the overlapping of the cylinder valves as a controllable parameter and its effect on engine efficiency and EGR rates. The model parameters have been calibrated for the EF7 engine and validated with experimental data. This model successfully estimates the performance and HC and NOx emissions concentration of the engine under cold start operating condition. A model-based fuzzy-threshold control strategy has been proposed in cold start operating condition. This strategy uses the overlapping angle of the cylinder inlet and outlet valves as an extra degree of freedom in comparison to the regular PID strategy in order to accelerate the warm-up duration the catalyst converter while reduces the exhaust harmful emissions during the warm-up phase. The proposed controller model has been verified in MATLAB Simulink environment and simulation results indicates 8.6% reduction of the start-up time of the catalyst converter and reduction of 3.5%, 8.5% and 7% of HC, NO and fuel consumption respectively during the catalyst warm-up phase.

Benjamin, S. F., e C. A. Roberts. "Automotive catalyst warm-up to light-off by pulsating engine exhaust". International Journal of Engine Research 5, n. 2 (aprile 2004): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808704773564541.

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Benjamin, S. F., e C. A. Roberts. "Warm up of automotive catalyst substrates: Comparison of measurements with predictions". International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 25, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1933(97)00134-6.

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Jeong, S.-J., e W.-S. Kim. "A new strategy for improving the warm-up performance of a light-off auto-catalyst for reducing cold-start emissions". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215, n. 11 (1 novembre 2001): 1179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011528725.

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Light-off catalysts are often used to minimize cold-start emissions. The improved coldstart performance of light-off catalysts (LOCs) needs the optimal design in terms of flow distribution, geometric surface areas (GSA), precious metal (PM) loading, cell density and space velocity (SV). In this study, these influential factors are numerically investigated using an integrated numerical technique by considering not only the three-dimensional fluid flow but also the heat and mass transfer with chemical reactions. The present results indicate that uneven catalyst loading by depositing highly active catalyst materials upstream of the monolith is beneficial during the warm-up period, but its effect is severely deteriorated when the SV is above 100 000 h-1. To maximize light-off performance, this study suggests that: (a) the LOC be designed as a double-substrate type; (b) a substrate with high GSA and high PM loading at the face be placed at the front; (c) the cell density of the rear monolith be lower to reduce the pressure drop. In this paper, some initial results towards a new strategy of dual substrates are also reported to shorten the light-off time and improve conversion efficiency during warm-up. The proposed approach was very effective in reducing back pressure and cold-start emissions during the early seconds of engine operation.

Benjamin, S. F., e C. A. Roberts. "Catalyst warm-up to light-off by pulsating engine exhaust: Two-dimensional studies". International Journal of Engine Research 5, n. 3 (giugno 2004): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1468087041549607.

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Benjamin, S. F., e C. A. Roberts. "Modelling warm-up of an automotive catalyst substrate using the equivalent continuum approach". International Journal of Vehicle Design 22, n. 3/4 (1999): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.1999.001868.

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JungKim, Chan, Sank Wook-Han, Ki Hyun Kim, Moo Yeon Lee e Gee Soo Lee. "Effects of the exhaust gas heat recovery system with a plate heat exchanger on the warm-up performance characteristics of the gasoline engine". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n. 2.12 (3 aprile 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11110.

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Background/Objectives: To meet the regulations for the fuel economy, an EHRS (Exhaust gas Heat Recovery System, which was installed within the vehicle exhaust system and recovered the heat from the exhaust gas, were needed. The EHRS enabled the engine to achieve the fast warm-up performance for reducing friction loss during the cold start.The objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of the design parameters of the EHRS with a plate heat exchanger on the warm-up performance of a gasoline engine.Methods/Statistical analysis: The EHRS with the plate heat exchanger was manufactured and installed behind the catalyst in the exhaust system of the gasoline direct injection engine. The experimental study and multi-disciplinary analysis were carried out to investigate the effects of the EHRS on the warm-up performance of the engine, such as the coolant temperature, the exhaust gas temperature and the recovery heat at idle condition and the step-load condition.Findings: Because the recovery of heat was about 1. 7 kW at idle condition, the effect of the EHRS on the warm-up performance was negligible. However, due to 17.2 kW of the recovery of heat at the stepload condition of T=140 Nm at N=2,400 rpm, the EHRS enabled to shorten the warm-up time by 548 s comparison that of the base engine.Improvements/Applications: The fuel economy will be expected to be improved through an EHRS, which provides the improved combustion in the warm-up phase and a decrease in friction loss.

Benjamin, S. F., e C. A. Roberts. "Warm up of an automotive catalyst substrate by pulsating flow: a single channel modelling approach". International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 21, n. 6 (dicembre 2000): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-727x(00)00025-4.

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Merkisz, Jerzy, Jacek Pielecha e Monika Andrych-Zalewska. "Influence of the Length of a Catalyst-Coated Glow Plug on Exhaust Emissions". Energies 13, n. 24 (11 dicembre 2020): 6557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246557.

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This paper discusses the application of an in-cylinder catalyst in reducing the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. This is an additional method of exhaust gas aftertreatment; yet the placement of a catalyst in the combustion chamber (i.e., the closest location to the process of combustion) allows a reduction of the emissions ‘at source’ (the catalyst applied on the glow plugs). For the investigations, we used an engine dynamometer to reproduce the traffic conditions of a homologation test carried out on a chassis dynamometer. We carried out the investigations on a Euro 4 1.3 JTD MultiJet diesel engine. The selection of the research object was followed by an analysis of the number of engines used in the EU meeting individual emission standards. We present results (measurement of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particle number, and carbon dioxide) related to the assessment of the applicability of the in-cylinder catalyst for three types of glow plugs: standard, catalyst-covered, and a prototype plug with an elongated catalyst-covered heating part. Prototype catalytic glow plugs ensure a few percent reduction in the emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and particle number. The use of such a solution (glow plug replacement) in most diesel engines (easy to retrofit) would improve the environmental performance of combustion engines. It is of particular importance that in-cylinder catalysts are most efficient during cold start and warm-up, which is often the case in urban driving.

Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Catalyst warm-up":

Hambarek, Djamel Eddine. "Développement d'une méthodologie d'essais dynamiques appliquée à la mise au point moteur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0035.

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Les travaux de cette thèse de doctorat s’inscrivent dans le contexte d’évolution desnormes de dépollution des moteurs thermiquescouplée aux exigences de baisse de la consommation des véhicules. La méthodologie développée tente de répondre avec un processus industriel efficace aux exigences d’émissions en roulage réel, dites RDE (Real Driving Emissions). La méthode proposée est basée sur la technique des plans d’expériences dynamiques utilisant les suites à faible discrépance : les résultats d’essais sont utilisés afin d’entraîner un modèle de réseau de neurones type LSTM capable de prédire l’historique des sorties (les masses de polluants CO, HC, NOx) pour chaque combinaison donnée en entrée. Le modèle est utilisé ensuite pour nourrir une boucle d’optimisation basée sur un algorithme génétique afin de mettre au point les cartographies moteur optimales.Les travaux se focalisent sur la phase de mise en action du moteur, qui est comprise entre l’instant de démarrage et l’instant où le système de post-traitement est amorcé, c’est-à-dire lorsque le catalyseur a atteint la température lui permettant d’être efficace. Cette phase est capitale car elle concentre l’essentiel des émissions lors d’un cycle d’homologation : la mise en action doit donc sans cesse être optimisée pour répondre aux nouvelles contraintes réglementaires. Elle constitue donc un champ d’application de la méthodologie à la fois cohérent et pertinent. Les résultats montrent des améliorations notables concernant les CO, HC et Nox en comparaison de la méthode classique (essais en régime permanent)
The work of this thesis responds to the context of the evolution of engine depollution norms together with the increase of the clientrequirements. It proposes a complete methodology of engine calibration considering dynamic effects with the aim of an efficient control in terms of emissions and performances. The method is divided into four steps: the dynamic design of experiments generating a set of RDE (Real Driving Emissions) cycles and dynamic variations of engine parameters using low discrepancy sequences: test results are used to train a dynamical model using LSTM neural network to predict output dynamic variations(CO, HC, NOx, Exhaust flow and temperature). The trained model is used in an optimization loop to calibrate the engine parameters using a genetic algorithm. The catalyst warm-up phase is the chosen phase for the development of the method. It is the phase occuring from engine start until the catalyst is the most efficient. It is indeed the phase with the most important emissions which is coherent with the aim of the engine calibration. The results showed noticeable improvements of CO, HC and Nox reduction compared to the steady state (baseline) method

Cedeño, Alejandro. "Sintering of a Pt/Al₂O₃ automotive exhaust oxidation catalyst effect on converter "warm-up" performance /". 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20051839.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-192).

Atti di convegni sul tema "Catalyst warm-up":

Ball, Douglas J. "Distribution of Warm-Up and Underfloor Catalyst Volumes". In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/922338.

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Lepreux, Olivier, Yann Creff e Nicolas Petit. "Warm-up strategy for a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst". In 2009 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2009.7074995.

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Cedrone, Kevin, e Wai K. Cheng. "Using Valve Timing and Exhaust Back Pressure to Improve Catalyst Warm-Up Time". In SAE/KSAE 2013 International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2656.

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Ball, Douglas J. "A Warm-Up - Underfloor Converter Parametric Study: Effects of Catalyst Technology on Emission Performance". In 1996 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961905.

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Salehi, Rasoul, e Anna G. Stefanopoulou. "Optimal Exhaust Valve Opening Control for Fast Aftertreatment Warm Up in Diesel Engines". In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9178.

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This paper proposes to optimally adjust the exhaust valve opening (EVO) timing for faster selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system warm-up during the cold start phase of the federal test procedure (FTP). Early termination of the power stroke by EVO timing advance increases the engine exhaust gas temperature. It, on the other hand, causes exhaust flow rate reduction that decreases the coefficient of the heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the catalyst. The competing effects along with the fuel consumption increase associated with early EVO need careful consideration and the optimal EVO timing is a load-dependent balance of all these effects. This careful balance is achieved in this paper by dynamic programing (DP). Specifically, the minimum time to light-off (TTL) is formulated and applied to the cold phase of the FTP. A high fidelity detailed and verified engine and aftertreatment model is effectively simplified to enable utilizing computationally expensive DP optimization algorithm. Optimization results indicate that advancing the EVO reduces the TTL for the SCR catalyst from 659 s to 500 s, a 24% reduction. This fastest possible increase in the SCR temperature is shown to be with an expense of 4.1% increase in the fuel consumption. The results are dependent to the target light-off temperature and the load profile. Assuming a specific light-off temperature and the FTP, possible rule-based scenarios for online optimization are discussed.

Jeong, Soo-Jin, e Woo-Seung Kim. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Study on the Use of Warm-up Catalyst to Improve Light-Off Performance". In SAE 2000 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0207.

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Karkanis, Anastasios N., Pantelis N. Botsaris e Panagiotis D. Sparis. "A Catalyst Surface Control Automation System for Emission Reduction During Cold Start". In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0865.

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This paper presents and discusses experimental data obtained during test simulating the test cycle ECE-15 for a relatively simple method for the reduction of pollutant emissions during a cold start. During a cold start the volume of the exhaust gases is considerably smaller than the ones under full load. Therefore, only a small portion of the catalyst active surface is used to process the gases at the cold start phase. After the light-off at the initial surface the exhaust gases pass from the total catalytic surface which is already pre-heated from the first phase. The experimental results presented here indicate that there is a reduction of the pollutant emissions during the cold start of an engine. The developed system uses the 20% of the catalyst active surface during start-up and the rest of the catalyst surface after this phase, controlled by a proper automation system. At the cold start phase the system focusing the gas flow towards the center core of the monolith, so there is a quicker warm-up of the catalyst and a faster initiation of catalysis in this area. So when the remaining ceramic body of the catalytic converter is used, it is already warmed and the catalysis starts almost immediately.

Ravikumar, Avinash, Ankur Bhatt, Brian Gainey e Benjamin Lawler. "GT-Suite Modeling of Thermal Barrier Coatings in a Multi-Cylinder Turbocharged DISI Engine for Catalyst Light-Off Delay Improvement". In Energy & Propulsion Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1602.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Catalytic converters, which are commonly used for after-treatment in SI engines, exhibit poor performance at lower temperatures. This is one of the main reasons that tailpipe emissions drastically increase during cold-start periods. Thermal inertia of turbocharger casing prolongs the catalyst warm-up time. Exhaust enthalpy management becomes crucial for a turbocharged direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine during cold-start periods to quickly heat the catalyst and minimize cold-start emissions. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), because of their low thermal inertia, reach higher surface temperatures faster than metal walls, thereby blocking heat transfer and saving enthalpy for the catalyst. The TBCs applied on surfaces that exchange heat with exhaust gases can increase the enthalpy available for the catalyst warm-up. A system-level transient heat transfer study using experimental or high-fidelity simulation techniques to evaluate the TBC application on various surfaces would be expensive. In this work, a reduced-order system-level modeling methodology in GT-Suite was leveraged to evaluate TBCs on exhaust ports, manifold, and runners. A multi-cylinder turbocharged DISI engine was modeled in GT-Suite, with capability to model a layer of TBC on internal surfaces. The model was calibrated using measured data from steady state operating conditions due to lack of transient cold start data. Following the TBC analysis, a theoretical study to infer the effects of turbocharger casing heat loss on the catalyst warm-up was performed. The TBCs showed no tangible benefit in the catalyst light-off delay when applied on the combustion chamber walls but showed a 20-second faster catalyst light-off when an 800-micron thick TBC was applied on the exhaust flow path walls (exhaust ports, manifold and runners). The turbocharger casing/housing heat transfer was shown to have a considerable effect on the catalyst light-off delay. An additive benefit to the catalyst light-off delay was achieved by insulating the combustion chamber walls, the exhaust flow path walls, and the turbocharger casing together which was predicted to be 25 seconds faster than the baseline.</div></div>

Sanketi, Pannag R., J. Karl Hedrick e Tomoyuki Kaga. "A Simplified Catalytic Converter Model for Automotive Coldstart Control Applications". In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80696.

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More than three-fourths of the unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions in a typical drive cycle of an automotive engine are produced in the initial 2 minutes of operation, commonly known as the coldstart period. Catalyst light-off plays a very important role in reducing these emissions. Model-based paradigm is used to develop a control-oriented, thermodynamics based simple catalyst model for coldstart purposes. It is a modified version of an available model consisting of thermal dynamics and static efficiency maps, the critical modification being in the thermal sub-model. Oxygen storage phenomenon does not play a significant role during the warm-up of the engine. The catalyst is modeled as a second-order system consisting of catalyst brick temperature and temperature of the feedgas flowing through the catalyst as its states. Energy balance of an unsteady flow through a control volume is used to model the feedgas temperature, whereas energy balance of a closed system is used to model the catalyst brick temperature. Wiebe profiles are adopted to empirically model the HC emissions conversion properties of the catalyst as a function of the catalyst temperature and the air-fuel ratio. The static efficiency maps are further extended to include the effects of spatial velocity of the feedgas. Experimental results indicate good agreement with the model estimates for the catalyst warm-up. It is shown that the model represents the system more accurately as compared to the previous model on which it is based and offers a broader scope for analysis.

HAMBAREK, Djamel Eddine, Jean-François PETIOT, Pascal Chesse e Eric WATEL. "Towards a Complete Engine Calibration Methodology: Dynamic Design of Experiments (DDoE), Application to Catalyst Warm-Up Phase". In 15th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-24-0028.

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