Articoli di riviste: "Cartography"

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McHaffie, Patrick, Sona Karentz Andrews, Michael Dobson e Anonymous Anonymous. "Ethical Problems in Cartography: A Roundtable Commentary". Cartographic Perspectives, n. 07 (1 settembre 1990): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp07.1095.

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The problem of defining and actualizing standards of ethical conduct troubles many professions, including cartography. In an attempt to formalize the ethical discourse in cartography the editors of Cartographic Perspectives invited five contributors to discuss what they perceive as important ethical problems in the discipline. The contributors were selected from the three major sectors of the cartographic enterprise: commercial mapping organizations, government mapping agencies, and university geography departments offering cartography programs. The contributors identify personal and institutional vigilance in product quality assurance, map plagiarism through violation of copyright law, and conflicts of interest as important ethical issues. The commentary concludes by questioning the nature and validity of cartography's claim to truth ("accuracy"), and asserts that cartographic ethics cannot be extricated from the values of the larger society which commissions the production of cartographic information.

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Lapaine, Miljenko, Terje Midtbø, Georg Gartner, Temenoujka Bandrova, Tao Wang e Jie Shen. "Definition of the Map". Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA 3 (29 novembre 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-3-9-2021.

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Abstract. Cartography has undergone great changes in the last 40 years. Many web platforms and location-based services are offering increasing opportunities, paper maps have been largely supplemented by multimedia and digital maps, and spatial databases. The definition of a map has changed throughout history and the differences in their definitions are presented. This paper aims for new central cartographic definitions, corresponding to contemporary cartographic development after presenting the current situation of the topic. Definitions of cartographic mapping, cartography and cartographer are proposed, as well as a new definition of the map. All they are made on the base of logical analyses including different types of maps from traditional and real to virtual, 3D, animation, and digital.

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Riscali, Guilherme. "Cartography of the Phenomenon and the Phenomenon as Cartography". Phainomenon 26, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2017): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phainomenon-2017-0012.

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Abstract This paper discusses Gilbert Ryle’s image of philosophy as cartography in an attempt to explore the idea of a cartography of the phenomenon, confronting it with the sense it takes in Edmund Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology. Ryle tries to grasp the particularity of philosophical tasks as being about specific sorts of problems, not about specific sorts of objects. What is required both of a cartographer and of a philosopher is, according to him, to look at familiar spaces in wholly unusual terms. Husserlian phenomenology then, with its rediscovery of consciousness as an absolute, unbounded field, meets quite well this demand. The uncovered field of the phenomena is not a new region, opposing that of the objects as faced in the natural attitude. It is rather a completely different attitude, just as a map is not a share of the world, but a distinct orientation towards it. The phenomenon, therefore, would not be something that is there to be cartographed as much as a kind of cartography itself. A phenomenological cartography, however, is one that has its specific marks, different from those of the Rylean conception.

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Lebzak, E. V. "Modern problems and directions of development of forest cartography". Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1 (18 maggio 2022): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-1-198-205.

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Like any other area of cartography, forest cartography is evolving and changing. However, it should be noted that in Russia the form of presentation, content and design of forest cartographic products are strictly regulated by various legal acts, which makes this direction of cartography more conservative. The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems and directions for the development of forest cartography. The article presents a study of the current state of forest cartography in Russia, considers modern foreign developments used in forest cartography, and identifies the main problems that arise when creating forest cartographic products. The study identified the most promising methods and technologies, the introduction of which will accelerate the development of domestic forest cartography, among them the development of GIS analysis methods, the introduction of mobile GIS, the creation of digital twins of the forest and the addition of forest cartographic products with geospatial knowledge.

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Chabaniuk, Viktor, e Leonid Rudenko. "Metacartography of A. Aslanikashvili and Relational Cartography". InterCarto. InterGIS 26, n. 4 (2020): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-4-26-343-357.

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Relational cartography is defined as the coordinated arts, sciences and technologies of making and using relations in cartographic systems and between cartographic systems. It is orthogonal to the paradigms of cartography, which research subject is map. The article describes the influence of A. Aslanikashvili’s metacartography (hereinafter Metacartography) on the main components of relational cartography based on patterns (hereafter Relational Cartography or RelCa) as a science: inquiry domain (research subject), knowledge about the research subject, and methodology for acquisition new knowledge about the research subject. When considering the research subjects, the cases of coincidence of specific spaces of Metacartography and relational spaces and spatial systems of RelCa are described. It is proved that the main influence of Metacartography on knowledge of the RelCa research subject is the cartographic justification of the presence and correctness of epistemological relations in and between cartographic systems (and their originals in actuality). It is shown that the cartographic method of cognition of the Metacartography research subject is the basis of specialized cartographic methods of cognition of RelCa spatial systems. The main differences between Metacartography and RelCa are the need to extend the RelCa research subject caused by the needs of modern cartographic practice. It leads to the extension of knowledge about the research subject, as well as to the corresponding development of methodology for acquisition new knowledge about the RelCa research subject. It has been suggested that coordinating one of the Subject cartographies with RelCa will allow creation of System Cartography. Such System Cartography will finally be a theory of cartography that will allow cartography to emerge from a constant crisis. In addition, practitioners will receive scientific explanations and justification for the necessary tools to deal with new cartographic phenomena.

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Ostrowski, Wiesław. "Stages of Development of Cartography as a Science". Miscellanea Geographica 13, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2008): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2008-0027.

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Abstract Three essential periods may be singled out in the development of cartography as a science: 1. From the beginning of the last century to the mid-sixties is the period of development of cartography as a distinct science. 2. The period dating from the mid-sixties till the eighties is the golden age of development of theoretical cartography with special amplification of discussions on the subject of the theoretical fundamentals of cartography. At the end of the former period and at the beginning of the latter, cartography finally distinguished itself as an independent science. In 1959, the International Cartographic Association was founded. In 1961, the International Yearbook of Cartography was published for the first time and beginning in 1969, Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny (the Polish Cartographic Review). A year earlier, Komisja Kartograficzna Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego (the Cartographic Commission of the Polish Geographical Society) was established. 3. Since the mid-eighties, and even somewhat earlier, use of new IT technologies, especially interest in the map as an element of geographic information systems, has become the dominating trend in cartography.

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Meier, Sebastian, Jordi Tost e Frank Heidmann. "On the relevance of cartography – An interaction design perspective". Proceedings of the ICA 2 (10 luglio 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-84-2019.

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Abstract. We see more cartographic products in our digital world than ever before. But what role does cartography play in the modern production of cartographic products? In this position paper, we will argue that the democratization and diffusion of cartographic production has also led to the presumed “fading relevance” of cartography. As an argument against this notion, we highlight starting points for the field of cartography to improve modern cartographic production through its inherent cartographic knowledge.

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Taylor, D. R. F. "THE ART AND SCIENCE OF CARTOGRAPHY: THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARTOGRAPHY AND CARTOGRAPHY FOR DEVELOPMENT". Canadian Surveyor 41, n. 3 (settembre 1987): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1987-0025.

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This paper argues that the technological “development of cartography” is dominating the discipline. Interest in technology is resulting in neglect of other aspects of the discipline such as the application of cartography to the solution of human problems. Consideration of cartography as art has disappeared from cartographic journals. The over-emphasis on technological aspects of the discipline may be a cause of the neglect. The paper examines cartography as art in the Canadian context and looks at the cartography of development using China as an example.

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Orlov, M. Yu. "Overviewing the market and consumers of analog mapping products". Geodesy and Cartography 950, n. 8 (20 settembre 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2019-950-8-22-31.

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The introduction of digital technology and methods in all spheres of life, including the field of cartography, has led to creating new forms of cartographic visualization. Consumers access to numerous geospatial databases. Cartographic products are not of only of special but also the public use. Along with this acts traditional paper-based cartography. The author deals with a topic related to analog mapping products. The objective is showing the role of analog cartography in the development of our country, overviewing the current situation and prospects for further using paper maps, monitoring changes in various segments of analog cartography and various external and internal factors affecting them, as well as the degree of influence of these factors in the digital era technologies. The characteristics of spatial data users, their requirements in digital and analog cartography are reviewed. The development trends of analog cartography in Russia are considered.

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Medyńska-Gulij, Beata, David Forrest e Thomas P. Kersten. "Cartography and Geomedia in Pragmatic Dimensions". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, n. 8 (4 agosto 2023): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12080326.

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This article summarizes the Special Issue of Cartography and Geomedia. Here, Cartography and Geomedia presents a view of cartography as a combination of technology, science, and art, with a focus on the development of geomedia in a geomatic and design-based context. Individual considerations are presented according to the following topics: efficiency of mapping techniques; historical cartographic works in a geomedial context; cartographic pragmatics for cultural heritage, teaching, and tourism; and pragmatism in gaming cartography. The main conclusion is that the two approaches to learning, revealing, and understanding geographic phenomena—starting from a specific geographical phenomenon and starting from maps and geomedia to understand geographical space—have their pragmatic strengths.

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Yuan, Yongdan, e Charles Altieri. "Poet as Literary Cartographer: Literary Cartography in Elizabeth Bishop’s “The Map”". Style 56, n. 3 (1 agosto 2022): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/style.56.3.0303.

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ABSTRACT Scholars tend to focus on Bishop’s sense of place, travel writing, and geographical feelings, yet few scholars examine her role as a literary cartographer. This article explores Bishop’s literary cartography considering her obsession with mapping and exploration. But Bishop also carefully revises the mapmaker’s task to define possibilities for imaginative reversals of cartographic practices. We concentrate on the imaginative logic motivating her implicit contrast between “The Map” and “A Map.”

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Chabaniuk, Viktor S., e Leonid G. Rudenko. "Software solutions in the processes of creating and using atlas interactive maps". Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, n. 2 (29 novembre 2019): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2019-2-25-39.

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Cartographic interactivity is now most often understood as an addition to cartographic representations for end users of electronic maps. The article substantiates the need to extend this understanding. This extension will help in creation of the modern atlas systems, which are increasingly being developed as integrated or consisting of several systems. Along with end users, expert-cartographers (developers) and analysts also become users of atlas systems and their interactive maps. Users with relevant knowledge are combined into epistemologically ordered echelons – the higher the echelon, the more knowledge about interactivity the user should possess. Therefore, atlas interactive cartography should now be considered for many simultaneously operating systems and for many users. Examples of new operations of cartographic interactivity for new echelons of users are given: for expert-cartographers this is a dynamic change (i. e. during the operation of the system) of the cartographic method of modeling actuality, and for analysts, the model itself. A review of software solutions that are used to implement extended cartographic interactivity when creating a new generation of atlas systems has been completed. To prove the results, the methods of new relational cartography are used. In particular, the method of conceptual frameworks of atlas systems is used, which allows combining the methods of classical cartography and the methods of relational cartography into the system method of future system cartography. As examples of the paradigms of classical cartography, the communicative paradigm and growth perspective of R. Roth from the University of Wisconsin-Madison are chosen.

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Edney, Matthew H. "Putting “Cartography” into the History of Cartography: Arthur H. Robinson, David Woodward, and the Creation of a Discipline". Cartographic Perspectives, n. 51 (1 giugno 2005): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp51.393.

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Arthur Robinson and David Woodward significantly expanded the scope and nature of the history of cartography. Previously, cartographic historians had emphasized the study of map content. As practicing cartographers, Robinson and Woodward promoted the “internal” study of the history of cartographic techniques and design. Robinson used an historically minded rhetoric to define the proper nature of U.S. academic cartography after 1945 and he pursued important studies in the history of thematic mapping. Woodward pioneered the study of map printing. Moreover, he was crucial in transforming the “internal” approach to cartographic history into a discrete discipline focused on the study of maps as human documents. Woodward’s humanistic perspective ultimately formed the foundation of both the multi-volume History of Cartography and Brian Harley’s cartographic theorizing.

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Pobedinsky, G. G. "Liquidation of the geodetic and cartographic service of the country through the prism of time". Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 27, n. 4 (2022): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2022-27-4-16-30.

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The article considers the problems of legal, organizational, scientific and technical crisis in the field of geodesy and cartography. It discloses the proposals of the Russian Society of Geodesy, Cartography and Land Management in such areas of improving legislation and law enforcement in the field of geodetic and cartographic activities as the state coordinate system and local coordinate systems, scientific support in the field of geodesy and cartography, the federal executive authority in the field of geodesy and cartography, legal regulation in the field of geodesy and cartography. It gives a brief history of the reorganization of the national cartographic and Geodetic service from the Main Department of Cartog-raphy under the Council of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) in 1991 to the Public Legal Company "Roskadastr" in 2022. The articles analyses the consequences of the planned reorganization in 2022 by joining JSC "Roskartografiya" and the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Center for Geodesy, Cartography and Spatial Data Infrastructure" to the Public the legal company "Roskadastr".

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Chibryakov, Ya Yu. "“Theoretical Geography” by William Bunge and its significance for cartography". Geodesy and Cartography 979, n. 1 (20 febbraio 2022): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-979-1-18-30.

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“Theoretical Geography” by William Bunge (1928–2013) was studied in detail from cartographic point of view. The history of creating this work was also considered. The book was a manifesto of a new direction in geography, based on mathematical methods and metacartography. The latter’s concept developed by Bunge formed a new look at the subject, methodology and philosophical foundations of cartography. Bunge was first to suggest the ambiguity of the map’s epistemological essence, included anamorphoses into the contents of cartographic works, presented maps and aerial photos as part of a general imaging system and correlated cartography with mathematics. He made a significant contribution to development of the transport cartography theory, to mapping methods (innovations related to development of topographic bases and application of cartographic representation methods). The author analyzes the development of this composition’s cartographic ideas by his contemporaries, as well as in the subsequent works of Bunge himself. It was concluded that the contribution of “Theoretical Geography” to cartography is not smaller than that to geographical science development.

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Nass, Andrea, Stephan van Gasselt, Trent Hare e Henrik Hargitai. "50 Years of Sensor-Based Planetary Cartography: Review and Perspectives". Proceedings of the ICA 4 (3 dicembre 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-76-2021.

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Abstract. This contribution provides a concise review of the current developments and challenges in the domain of planetary cartography. Considered to be one of the more exotic branches of cartography, it currently re-positions itself due to (1) an increasing community-centric research interest, but also due to (2) the current development in the field of space exploration led by industry as well as ambitious international countries. Imaging, mapping and cartographic compilation have always been the primary tools for exploring terrain, and while the terrestrial planets have been mapped in some relative detail, planetary cartography is still largely stuck at medium map scales. While planetary cartography shares some similarities with developments in the field of terrestrial cartography, it developed largely differently and thus requires in-depth discussion about how these new challenges can be addressed and eventually solved. Advice and support from the terrestrial cartographic community is highly needed in order to develop sustainable long-term strategies.

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Edler, Dennis, e Olaf Kühne. "Aesthetics and Cartography: Post-Critical Reflections on Deviance in and of Representations". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, n. 10 (18 ottobre 2022): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100526.

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Cartographic representations are subject to sensory perception and rely on the translation of sensory perceptions into cartographic symbols. In this respect, cartography is closely related to aesthetics, as it represents an academic discipline of sensory perceptions. The scholarly concern with cartographic aesthetics, by today, has strongly been focused on the aesthetic impact of cartographic representations. The consideration of the philosophical sub-discipline of aesthetics however is rather restrained. This is also true for the connection between sociological questions and the social construction of aesthetic judgments. We address both topics in this article. We refer to post-critical cartographic theory. It accepts the socially constructed nature and power-bound nature of maps but does not reject “traditional” and widely established positivist cartography. Drawing on the theory of deviant cartographies related to this, we understand cartography designed according to aesthetic criteria as meta-deviant, as it makes the contingency of world interpretations clear. Especially augmented and virtual environments show a great potential to generate aesthetically constructed cartographic representations. Participatory cartography enables many people to reflect on the contingency of their spatial experiences and spatial abstractions without expert-like special knowledge. A prerequisite, however, is the greatest possible openness to topics and representations. This is not subject to a moral restriction.

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Оzenda, P. "Vegetation cartography and phytoecological mapping in Laboratory of vegetation biology of the Alps of the Grenoble University". Geobotanical mapping, n. 1996 (1997): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/1996.31.

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Vegetation cartography is one of the biological disciplines which achieved an outstanding success in the second half of the 20th century. French vegetation cartography appreciably contributed to the development of this field of science. A perceptible share in this contribution belongs to the Laboratory of vegetation biology of the J. Fourier University in Grenoble (now the Laboratory of alpine ecosystems). In the paper different stages of the development of cartographic investigations are considered along with the methodical and theoretical problems and the applied aspects of vegetation mapping. The basic statements of the author are as follows: the map is not a final result of investigation but a tool for analysis of environment, it provides the basis for applied aspects of ecology. During 25 years the thematic edition «Documents de Cartographie Ecologique» was being published that had been devoted to the problems of vegetation cartography and of ecological mapping of the Alps and other mountain systems. This edition is really a data bank. In conclusion the author emphasized that the modern development of thematic mapping depends not only on the technic progress but first of all on the methodological progress which initiates new concepts as a result of intellectual efforts.

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Radchenko, Ludmila K. "COGNITIVE ASPECT IN CARTOGRAPHY". Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, n. 4 (2020): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-4-138-145.

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The article analyzes the cognitive aspect in cartography, which is present when we talk about theoretical concepts of cartography development, functions of cartographic works, map language, etc. Judgments are made about the «cognitive ability» of two levels – primary (non-professional) and secondary (professional), cognitive activity and cognition (rational and sensory). As a result of the discussion of map functions, and in particular the cognitive function, the classification of maps by a new feature is proposed – by the predominant function. On the example of already published and published maps of cognitive orientation, the features of such maps are formed. Practical examples of cognitive maps that can form the basis for creating a cognitive cartographic model of the region are given. The research presented in the article is based on the methods of classical cartography, philosophical concepts: cognition and cognitive activity, and practical cartographic research, and also corresponds to a number of tasks formed in the State program «Scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation» for 2019-2030, which indicates the relevance of the research topic.

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Fairbairn, David. "Contemporary challenges in cartographic education". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 luglio 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-72-2019.

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Abstract. This paper is focussed on the work and remit of the ICA’s Commission on Education and Training (CET), presenting a reflection by the retiring chair of the current issues which affect the work of Commission members and all engaged in current education and training of students of cartography around the world. The nature and development of cartography as an academic and professional discipline has been discussed through many presentations, both conceptual and applied, and in various arenas and communities, over the past half century. As cartographic practice became standardised in the 20th century, so educational and instructional materials describing and analysing the discipline conveyed a relatively uniform message, ensuring that the audience of learners were educated and trained positively to an agreed agenda. In effect, a subtle, as yet unwritten, ‘Body of Knowledge’ was developed and elucidated in educational materials, notably textbooks on cartography, in the last few decades of the last century (Kessler, 2018). It was during these years, however, that cartography developed as a discipline far beyond its initial roots as a map-making technology. The technology of map-making certainly changed completely, and a host of other aspects were incorporated, from metrical analysis of historical map documents to gender-oriented investigations of mapping activity; from the integration and importance of cartography in contemporary geospatial data handling to the role of volunteer map-making; from the psychology of map interaction and decision making to the mathematics of map projections and multi-dimensional data representation; and many, many other activities and issues which must be included in educational programmes in cartography. It is the establishment, adoption and maintenance of a Body of Knowledge (BoK) which is one of the main challenges (this paper presents 11, in bold below) and, if successfully met, it can assist in ensuring that cartographic education and training develops as required in the next few decades (Fairbairn, 2017). The further challenges highlighted in this paper can form the basis for further investigation by the CET in the future. This listing of issues is informed by a number of contemporary changes in technology, by closer integration of cartography with other geospatial sciences, by research achievements and investigations in the field, by advances in educational praxis, by demands on cartography by a host of other activities, and by consequent recognition of the discipline by learned and professional bodies. One of the main purposes in developing a Body of Knowledge is to encompass and facilitate curriculum design. As the widening scope of cartography will be reflected in the developing BoK (most notably in cartography’s contribution to GIS), curriculum design must be flexible and innovative enough to cope with more numerous and wider, though focussed and integrated, topics. The admirable, existing BoK in Geographic Information Science and Technology, already being reviewed and enhanced, but omitting many specific cartographic principles, is a possible framework for incorporating these. Alternatively there are sound arguments for a uniquely cartographic BoK, and this enterprise is certainly an ICA-approved pursuit. Also within the BoK, the theoretical foundations for the study of cartography must be elucidated and moved from the research agenda to the educational curriculum. A revised Research Agenda developed under ICA auspices and a focussed Body of Knowledge are synergistic documents, with interdependent content in one directing content in the other. Such documents may be perceived by many to be overly conceptual, un-related to everyday mapping activity. In terms of cartographic production in the past 50 years, we have moved far from the standardised methods mentioned earlier, applied by every commercial and governmental mapping organisation. The activity of map-making has adopted a host of alternative methods, and artefacts, data-sets and representations are created and ‘mashed-up’ by an increasingly wide range of individuals and groups with highly variable experiences, expertise and understanding of cartographic procedures. In terms of ‘organised’ cartography in multi-employee companies, government and non-government agencies, academic and research groups, and associated industrial and environmental companies, a further challenge is understanding what employers want from graduates in cartography and GIS. The delivery of education in cartography is an academic activity, but it must be done in a manner which demonstrates relevance to the community which relies on the skills of an educated workforce. In some cases the cartographic community, notably its educators, may have to direct their attention outside the classroom and convince the fragmenting industry that cartographic principles are vital for effective management and communication of information, and that the products of cartographic education (the graduates from educational programmes) are serious and informed potential employees with much to offer a wide range of human activity. Such recognition by those outside the academy can be encouraged by seeking and receiving professional accreditation from awarding bodies such as industry associations, learned societies, educational authorities and public bodies. The landscape of professional recognition in the disciplines of cartography and GIS is highly varied, geographically, institutionally, legally, and pedagogically. The fluid nature of the disciplines, and in particular their fuzzy distinction from a host of other geomatics, geospatial, engineering, environmental, and social activities means that cartographic education must acknowledge and address its interaction with education in many other sciences. Linking cartographic education and its principles with related education in other closely related geo-disciplines is particularly important. Common messages must be presented stressing cartography’s importance and relevance. At the possible wider levels mentioned above, experiences and lessons learned from teaching cartography and GIS to a broad range of non-specialists must be documented: cartographic principles must be shown to be important and relevant to all those engaged in handling maps and mapping data. Stressing the importance of such principles is especially vital when education is done at a distance: the Commission has long been interested in those activities which develop on-line educational resources and look at innovative ways of delivering education widely to large audiences outside formal educational establishments. We already have reports on mature and effective resources in the form of MOOCs, distance learning courses, and online training modules (e.g. Robinson and Nelson, 2015). Such methods of delivery for cartographic education have proven popular and efficient: educators must ensure continued relevance, update, and diligence, in managing these activities. In addition to content development and assessment frameworks, it is technical requirements which are often perceived as major blocks to effective use of in-line educational resources. Technical support requirements are critical in every form of cartographic education: in the past replication of map reproduction labs was prohibitive for most educational establishments; today it is the acquisition of a full range of software which mitigates against full exposure to the varied range of cartographic and geospatial data handling activity as practised in the ‘real world’. The generosity of some software providers is widely acknowledged in educational institutions, and many of the software products are generic enough to be able to demonstrate the required cartographic principles in a non-partisan manner. However, in many cases employers are seeking specific training skills in particular packages and this can be difficult to provide within a formal educational programme. Recent additions to the ‘wish-list’ of employers, however, have been related to abilities in coding and computer programming. Luckily, the most commonly sought skill is ability to write code in Python or Javascript. These are open source, rather than a commercial, products, and hence can be acquired by any educational establishment. The use of open source software and datasets in geospatial and cartographic education is becoming increasingly important, and their effective integration with traditional (and indeed contemporary) curricula in cartographic education is clearly a further challenge. This paper has outlined a number of challenges facing cartographic education. Like the wider discipline, education in cartography is delivered by capable and dedicated individuals, each with interests in the development of the discipline in an increasingly diverse and varied educational arena. The Commission is intent on addressing the challenges outlined, promoting effective and high-quality cartographic education.

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Seemann, Jorn. "Does cartographic education need an epistemology? Traditions and transitions in Brazilian school cartography". Perspectiva 40, n. 4 (10 novembre 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-795x.2022.e83989.

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Knowledge philosophies have been a constant theme in cartography for the last three decades and have resulted in a lively debate on a variety of approaches (modern, postmodern post-processual and post-representational) in the field. These discussions have not had a significant impact on theories and methodologies in cartographic education. Teaching about and with maps embraces well-established ideas, but is reticent to accept alternative modes. This article seeks to analyze cartographic views and epistemologies in the context of school cartography in Brazil in order to point out traditions, transitions and trends that consolidate easy-to-follow principles, but may curb a diversity of approaches in the subfield at the same time. I argue that teaching with maps requires a broader debate about adjustments and innovations beyond the taken-for-granted standards. For this purpose, I will briefly discuss epistemologies in the context of scientific cartography and then, based on the existent substantial bibliography on cartographic education in Brazil, outline specific traditions that have laid the foundations for today’s school cartography in the country. Obstacles and challenges for the development and improvement in teaching are identified, with the intention to rethink common practices and experiment alternative or complementary forms and modes in the classroom. The revision and reformulation of specific principles, concepts and themes can strengthen an inclusive, diversified and pluralistic vision in cartographic education that can serve as a useful tool for citizenship cartography in Brazil.

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Zivkovic, Dragica. "Serbian cartography: From engineering to digital". Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 92, n. 3 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1203001z.

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Abstract (sommario):

Today?s territory of Serbia early appeared on geographical maps as it was a direct result of its territory in relation to the centres of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. However, cartographic displays have long been scarce and uneven. Serbia?s separation from mainstream European cartography has affected its inaccurate displays, taking over data from old maps and relying on chronicles. This is why Serbia?s displays on maps and its cartographic heritage have to be observed dualistically, simultaneously as European cartographic displays of Serbia and Serbian cartography.

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Altic, Mirela. "Changing the Discourse: Post-Expulsion Jesuit Cartography of Spanish America". Journal of Jesuit Studies 6, n. 1 (11 marzo 2019): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00601008.

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The suppression of the Jesuit order influenced the overall production and content of post-expulsion Jesuit cartography, however, important differences in terms of content and discourse can be seen in terms of maps by former Jesuits created in Europe (esp. the Italian Peninsula and Central Europe) as well as the origin of Jesuit mapmakers (Creole / non-Creole). The reasons for this included the cartographic sources that the Jesuits used in exile, the new intellectual circles within which they exchanged geographic and cartographic knowledge, and the reception Jesuit maps had among former Jesuits as well as within European commercial cartography. Post-expulsion Jesuit cartography also had important impacts on intercultural transfers between Europe and the New World more generally. The study makes a comparative analysis of examples of the post-expulsion Jesuit cartography (manuscript and printed) from New Mexico, Chile, Paraguay, Quito, and Nueva Granada.

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Malhotra, Rakesh, Terry McNeill, Carrie Francis e Tim Mulrooney. "Cartographic Presentation as the Central Theme for Geospatial Education". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 luglio 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-237-2019.

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Abstract. North Carolina Central University is committed to student education and training in cartography and geospatial sciences. This paper demonstrates the importance of applying cartographic principles to train students to convert historical deed records into geospatial data. Students were required to take text information from the 1960s and input this information it into a spatial database. The historical information was recorded on typed deeds in COGO (direction-distance) and the historic coordinate system of 1927 in the 1960s. Students applied cartographic principles that were used to identify contextual and spatial variations and anomalies to flag areas and records that didn’t meet project specifications and to trouble shoot conflicting information.This paper demonstrates the usefulness of using cartography as a tool to educate students in allied aspects of geospatial sciences such as creating and managing spatial data. For example, students used tools such as markers and color coding to identify areas of overlap and areas of mismatched records (Figure 1). The authors found that using cartography helped enhance the spatial understanding of the project for students.Education is the foundation of projects at North Carolina Central University and cartography has demonstrated appeal at the university level. Various geospatial aspects such as datums and projections, overlays, gaps, overlaps, and converting written information to spatial (geometric) information lend themselves well to cartographic principles. Cartography is an essential element that supports learning and teaching of spatial information as demonstrated by this project. Students were in a better position to understand and detect spatial anomalies with help from cartography than they were without using cartography and relying solely of written information. This enhanced their understanding and use of spatial data.

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Breda, Thiara Vichiato. "(Of) Indigenous Maps in the Amazon: For a Decolonial Cartography". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, n. 3 (23 febbraio 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11030161.

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Abstract (sommario):

There are mappings of indigenous lands, mappings with indigenous participation, and mappings made by indigenous people, all of them resulting from cartographic intentions, mapping motives, and distinct meanings of spatiality. Starting from the questioning around the drives of the subject towards his search for knowledge of the space and its mapping, this article seeks to both identify the key points that these three types of mapping typically resemble and intersect, as well as to distinguish and debate them while highlighting maps made by indigenous people. This approach is based on interpretations of Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) and A’uwe (Xavante) mappings, seeking to understand them as a device of spatial organizations and representations. In doing so, we (re)position indigenous peoples as cartographer subjects who possess and produce cartographic/geographic knowledge while we question the Eurocentric legacy, expressed in an exclusivity of official/academic cartography.

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26

Andrade, S. Daniel, Emilia Saltos, Valeria Nogales, Sebastián Cruz, Gareth Lee e Jenni Barclay. "Detailed Cartography of Cotopaxi’s 1877 Primary Lahar Deposits Obtained by Drone-Imagery and Field Surveys in the Proximal Northern Drainage". Remote Sensing 14, n. 3 (28 gennaio 2022): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030631.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cotopaxi is an active volcano in Ecuador, whose eruptions are characterized by producing destructive primary lahars which represent a major risk for the country. The hazard assessment related to such lahars relies largely on the knowledge of the latest event, which occurred on 26 June 1877, for either scenario definition or simulation calibration. A detailed (1:5000 scale) cartography of the deposits belonging to that eruption has been obtained in the proximal northern drainage of Cotopaxi. The cartography was performed through a combination of geological fieldwork, as well as the analysis and interpretation of high-definition imagery obtained by drone surveys combined with the Structure from Motion technology for image processing. Such imagery included red and green visible bands, and a near-infrared band, which allowed the obtention of NDVI imagery where the primary lahar deposits were identified and cartographed with support of fieldwork data. Both data sources are mutually complementary, and the final cartography would be impossible if any of them were not available. The results obtained represent a significant advance for the level of detail with respect to previous cartographic works. Moreover, they should allow an improved calibration of the new generation of numerical models that simulate lahar flow for hazard assessment at Cotopaxi.

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27

Krakovskyi, S., e T. Kurach. "THE EVOLUTION OF VIEWS IN ATLAS CARTOGRAPHY: FROM PAPER ATLAS CONCEPT TO ATLAS PLATFORM". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, n. 78-79 (2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2021.78-79.9.

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Modern atlas cartography has a number of unsolved problems, among which a special place is occupied by the renewal of the atlas concept and approaches to the atlas development and maintenance of atlases functioning. To study this problem, the article analyzes the evolution of the atlas concept in time and in the context of cartography paradigms. The key elements of the concept of the atlas in the “paper age” were format in the form of books with a certain fixed set of structural elements and a unified layout, atlas as a system of maps, atlas as a model of geosystem, atlas as a tool for storytelling, atlas as a tool for communication information and knowledge, atlas as a research tool. The greatest theoretical contribution to atlas cartography of the pre-computer age was given to G. Mercator and representatives of the model-cognitive paradigm of cartography. It is established that with the advent of electronic atlases in the late 1980s and atlas information systems in the 1990s, the generation of new atlas concepts is carried out in the field of geovisualization and communicative paradigm of cartography, which focused on high-quality visualization of maps (data sets) and communication of information in the form of a “story” or geoportal. It was found that in the late 2000s, atlases began to be transformed into complex information systems (atlas platforms) with a branched atlas infrastructure for multiple creation of atlases of the same type in technical implementation and concept. These innovations are primarily driven by cybercartographers, the Swiss school of cartography and the relational cartography.A number of problems of modern atlas concepts are indicated, including excessive focus on technology and users, as well as ignoring cognitive capabilities of atlases for geosystem research. Further conceptualization of atlases as models of geosystems and a unique class of cartographic information systems are named as priority areas of research.

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CHABANIUK, V., e O. DYSHLYK. "Crosscutting cartographies: ontological and linguistic modeling". Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 1, n. 47 (1 aprile 2024): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-126-139.

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Abstract (sommario):

Since the 50s of the last centuries, cartographic science has been operating with several theoretical constructions, which, from the viewpoint of the formal concept of theory, should be called “pre-theories”. This term is used to denote those of them that are “close” to theories, but are not. “Pre-theories” of cartography in the West are called “paradigms” of cartography, and in Eastern Europe until recently they were called “conceptions” of cartography. According to A. Berlyant, at the end of the last century, one of the three most famous conceptions of cartography in Eastern Europe was the language conception. The other two were communication and model-cognitive conceptions. In our century, the language conception does not develop and remained a pre-theory. Other conceptions and/or paradigms have not developed into a theory of cartography. Now, for such pre-theories, the unifying term “paradigm” is more often used, which we will also use. The lack of a theory of cartography is the first and main problem, one of the possible solutions of which is proposed in the work. The possibility of creating a theory of new, let’s say, systems cartography, now seems to us to be premature, unconstructive, although it is very necessary from the viewpoint of both theory and practice. More constructive is the possibility (and necessity) of a certain “systemic” evolution of theoretical cartography, which can be reduced to the primary creation of a paradigm of one or few “updated” cartographies, as close as possible to systems cartography. It follows from the general theory of systems that such an update should be carried out in two directions – “subject” and “relational”. In the subject direction, map subjecrs are studied, and in the relational direction – the relations between maps. An updated cartography/s will be defined if agreed upon and updated accordingly: 1) domain of inquiry, 2) body of knowledge of the domain of inquiry, and 3) methodology of inquiry. In this case, there is a high chance of obtaining an one or more renewed cartography paradigms by developing one or more existing cartography paradigms. The necessary updating of the relational direction can be achieved by renewing the so-called “crosscutting” paradigms of cartography. They are considered in this article from a systemic viewpoint. The specificity of the article is the consideration of the outlines of all three specified components from the viewpoint of renewing crosscutting cartographies. “Crosscutting” or “intersecting” are conceptions and/or paradigms of cartography that are in a certain sense “perpendicular” to classic “subject” cartographies, such as, for example, the communication paradigm. Examples of crosscutting cartographies are metacartographic (Bunge, Aslanikashvili) and language (Liuty, Pravda, Ramirez) conceptions/paradigms. Actualization of studies on crosscutting cartographies makes it possible to clarify all three components of the renewed cartography as a science, which are considered in this article in an arbitrary, albeit logical, order. First, Aslanikashvili’s “crosscutting” Metacartography makes it possible to clarify the representation of the domain of inquiry of renewed cartography in terms of the subject of inquiry. For this, it is possible and necessary to use the conceptons of ideal concrete space and ideal map of A. Aslanikashvili. His model representations have a lot in common with Klir’s general systems representations, which makes it possible to use the general systems theories of Klir and van Gigch to define the domain/subject of inquiry. Secondly, the “crosscutting” renewed Language paradigm based on Liuty’s Language of maps (hereinafter – Liuty’s Language paradigm) will help to solve the following important questions of the methodology of inquiry of renewed cartography: 1) what are ontological and linguistic modeling in cartography, 2) what are the relation between them, 3) what cartographic modeling should/can be used to study the surrounding reality. This is the second problem of the work, a possible solution of which will be offered later. It opens up a number of “constructive” studies in renewed cartography, as it intersects with the direction that is now intensively developed and used in computer science. This direction is called Model Based Engineering (MBE). Thirdly, the “crosscutting” renewed Language paradigm of Liuty contains knowledge that will be useful for the renewed cartography as well. This knowledge needs to be renewed and aligned with the domain of inquiry and methodology of inquiry of renewed cartography. This renewing is the third problem of the work, because currently the scientific cartographic community does not pay attention to the Language paradigm and Languages of maps. In our century, the development of the Language paradigm was carried out only in practice – through the creation and use of “cartographic” programming languages, which can be called domain-specific languages (DSL). Examples include MapBasic from the MapInfo Professional software technology and the Leaflet JavaScript library. This work was conceived as an attempt to clarify some theoretical issues of cartography, some of the issues of its practical usage and, in particular, the practical usage of Crosscutting cartographies and the Language paradigm in modeling of entities and/or phenomena of reality. Namely, to clarify such questions as: 1) crosscutting cartographies and their place in the renewed cartography, 2) what are ontological and linguistic modeling and what are the relations between these modelings, 3) the place of the Language of maps in the renewed cartography. Most likely, the proposed renewings will create a paradigm of renewed cartography, one of the possible names of which could be “crosscutting” cartography. Such a theoretical construction will be a significant approximation to systems cartography. After all, the authors believe that there is no alternative to the emergence of systems cartography as a theory of cartography. However, it is important to have not just another paradigm of cartography, but to have a constructive paradigm. One that can be developed into a theory of cartography that many cartographers have written about.

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Gordeziani, Tengiz. "Some questions of theoretical cartography". InterCarto. InterGIS 26, n. 4 (2020): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-4-26-329-342.

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Abstract (sommario):

The article is devoted to current theoretical issues of modern cartography. The paper puts forward the concept of metacartography, which laid as the foundation for the Theory of Cartography as a science. The author of this concept is the outstanding Georgian cartographer Alexander Aslanikashvili, who is the founder of the theory of cartography. This concept, which in a new way comprehended the main categories of cartography (the subject of cognition of science, the method of studying a certain side of reality and language) by means of which cartography examines its subject, made it possible to raise some questions of theoretical cartography for research: 1) temporal synthesis; 2) timescale; 3) dynamic generalization. The temporary synthesis in the article is considered on the basis of the results of a theoretical study of A. Aslanikashvili, cartographic forms of analysis and synthesis. Temporal synthesis is studied by the example of diurnal state maps of natural-territorial complexes (steks). The process of temporary synthesis of the so-called “multi-temporal maps” is carried out for one year at three levels: 1) synthesis of dynamic maps for one month; 2) synthesis of dynamic maps for one season; 3) synthesis of dynamic maps for one year. As a result of the temporary synthesis of stacks maps, one synthetic map is compiled without loss of the initial spatiotemporal information. In the process of mapping there are used the so-called “spatiotemporal” diagrams. A new concept of “mapped time” was introduced. In cartography, two types of scale are investigated: a) the scale of space (degree of abstraction) and b) the scale of content (degree of generalization). The article studies the timescale when mapping stacks. In the work, this concept is defined as the degree of generalization of the essence of the development of the mapped phenomenon. The article explores another issue — dynamic generalization. The study is based on stacks’ maps for one year. It was found that dynamic generalization depends on the “degree of syntheticity” of the stecks maps. Dynamic generalization is in direct correlation with the number of dynamics maps of the spatiotemporal model phenomenon. The issues of temporal synthesis, time scale and dynamic generalization are in close relationship with each other. For example, dynamic generalization is the result of a temporary synthesis, and these processes are carried out with the presence of a time scale.

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Batalov, R. N., e L. K. Radchenko. "Ways of development of historical cartography". Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 27, n. 5 (2022): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2022-27-5-90-109.

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Abstract (sommario):

The article is devoted to the review of the historical cartography development periods in the past and its current state. The study examines the development of historical cartography from traditional meth-ods of creating maps to digital ones. For this purpose, domestic and foreign publications of different years have been collected and studied, publications devoted to analytical reviews of the development of certain areas of historical cartography or the development of historical cartography for certain periods of time, individual historical cartographic works of different years, as well as such works them-selves. The article pays special attention to the current state of digital historical cartography, and also identifies specific examples of the use of GIS technologies in historical cartographic studies of socio-economic phenomena. In the course of the study, the authors applied comparative-historical and analytical-synthetic research methods. As a result, it is concluded that traditional paper maps and atlases were considered as means of providing information and were used in historical research mainly for visualization of historical data. And the use of GIS technologies makes it possible to display historical phenomena in layers, conduct spatial analysis, create derivative maps of geospatial knowledge that display the dynamics of state borders, population migration, etc.

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Orlov, M. Yu, L. N. Zinchuk, I. V. Protopopova e O. G. Shevchuk. "Methods of identifying a memorial of national cartography on the example of the Map of Russian possessions beyond the Caucasus". Geodesy and Cartography 984, n. 6 (20 luglio 2022): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-984-6-42-53.

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The article deals with the identification of the memorials of domestic cartography. The study of cartographic heritage is one of the main tasks in the Russian history of this science. The selection of works for classification as artifacts of our cartography is based on scientific analysis and examining the materials. A clear definition of a map-making memorial does not exist today; in this regard much attention is paid to the methods of studying such works. The criteria and methods for determining the significance of various publications, as well as their application to cartography, are considered, the procedure for entering a map or atlas into the Register of Book Monuments of the Russian Federation is investigated. On the example of the Map of Russian possessions in Transcaucasia, the way is shown from the discovery of the source, its examination, the identification of historical value, to classifying a cartographic work as a book and cartographic artifact.

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32

Steinberg, Jean. "Groupe de travail Cartographie thématique (Thematic cartography)". Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 73, n. 3 (1996): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1996.1915.

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33

Karl, Doris. "Cartographic Animation: Potential and Research Issues". Cartographic Perspectives, n. 13 (1 giugno 1992): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp13.999.

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Abstract (sommario):

The potential of computer animation has been realized in many different disciplines. Animation is also a powerful visualization tool for cartography; however, it has been neglected until recently. This paper portrays the need for animation in cartography in the light of the new approaches and methods in the sciences as well as in society. It discusses two main reasons for the lack of animation in cartography: the fixation on the printed map and the absence of a comprehensive approach to cartographic animation. Finally, a variety of issues for further research are proposed.

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Ai, Tinghua. "Some thoughts on deep learning empowering cartography". Journal of Geography and Cartography 5, n. 2 (31 maggio 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v5i2.1670.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cartography includes two major tasks: map making and map application, which is inextricably linked to artificial intelligence technology. The cartographic expert system experienced the intelligent expression of symbolism. After the spatial optimization decision of behaviorism intelligent expression, cartography faces the combination of deep learning under connectionism to improve the intelligent level of cartography. This paper discusses three problems about the proposition of “deep learning + cartography”. One is the consistency between the deep learning method and the map space problem solving strategy, based on gradient descent, local correlation, feature reduction and non-linear nature that answer the feasibility of the combination of “deep learning + cartography”; the second is to analyze the challenges faced by the combination of cartography from its unique disciplinary characteristics and technical environment, involving the non-standard organization of map data, professional requirements for sample establishment, the integration of geometric and geographical features, as well as the inherent spatial scale of the map; thirdly, the entry points and specific methods for integrating map making and map application into deep learning are discussed respectively.

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Rivera Medina, Ana María. "Digital humanities applied to the historical cartography of the Atlantic ports: ‘E-port. Atlantic Cartography, XIVth–XVIIIth centuries’". International Journal of Maritime History 29, n. 1 (febbraio 2017): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871416679125.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cartographic representations have evolved in the interest of a greater scientific rigor since the decline of more realistic resources in favour of other, more conventional, methods. The project ‘E-port. Atlantic Cartography, XIVth–XVIIIth centuries’, as a source of knowledge, tries to conduct research from historical cartography using the resources and tools that the digital humanities provide.

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Areola, o. "Geospatial Technologies for Resource Development in Nigeria". Journal of Geospatial Science and Technology 1, n. 1 (1 novembre 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/jgst/v1i1.1.

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Guest Lecture delivered on the occasion of the conference on Geospatial Technologies and Digital Cartography for national security, tourism, and disaster management, organized by the Geoinformation Society of Nigeria (GEOSON) and the Nigerian Cartographic Association (NCA), in technical collaboration with the African Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), which was held in RECTAS in November 2021. Conférence invitée prononcée à l'occasion de la conférence sur les technologies géospatiales et la cartographie numérique pour la sécurité nationale, le tourisme et la gestion des catastrophes, organisée par la Geoinformation Society of Nigeria (GEOSON) et la Nigerian Cartographic Association (NCA), en collaboration technique avec l'African Centre régional de formation aux levés aérospatiaux (RECTAS), qui s'est tenu à RECTAS en novembre 2021.

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Loginov, Dmitriy. "Real and Virtual maps conception in web mapping: a case of cartographic support for geological exploration in Andaman deep water basin". Proceedings of the ICA 5 (7 agosto 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-13-2023.

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Abstract. The current task of cartographic support for geological exploration and the oil and gas industry is to meet the needs for rapid access to spatial data by specialists. The preparation of specialized data for publication in interactive web maps involves a number of technical issues. Some of them are explored in detail in case of a cartographic support for a cameral processing and interpretation of geological, geophysical and other geoscientific data in Andaman deep water basin. The points highlighted here are in fact a reflection of the role of interactive web maps, regardless of the thematic content, in the development of the Real and Virtual maps concept. The experimental work presented in this article illustrates most of the R/V transformations first developed by H. Moellering in early 1980s. Solving the operations for transformations between real maps, interactive maps, initial (raw) thematic data and cartographic databases will help enrich cartography with new methods of creating and using data, expanding and adapting the communicative conception of cartography to modern realities. An example of the web map developed also shows how the cartographer can simplify the work of professionals in other sectors, their communication with each other through the map language and its web representations. The use of web maps in the poorly studied Andaman deep water basin shows how web maps can contribute to the quality implementation of government programs for increasing exploration and the subsequent development of mineral resources.

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Orlov, M. Yu. "Commercial cartography of Russia in the period of New Economic Policy". Geodesy and Cartography 942, n. 12 (20 gennaio 2019): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-942-12-50-60.

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Abstract (sommario):

The development of digital technologies in the world influences developing national cartography and especially such segment as commercial cartography greatly. Maps and atlases have taken on a new form and the economic and financial aspects have changed at the same time. If some time ago publishers of Cards earned on circulation,nowadays it is possible to use marketing and advertising technologies to recoup expenses for creation of cartographic production. In order tounderstand in which direction to move it is necessary to study the past properly. The author attempts to study the development of commercial cartography in the period of NEP (new economic policy) of the Soviet Government in 1920s to define the connection between the development of cartography and changes in social and economic conditions. We study the period when there was a need to use a geographic map as an advertising bearer, and consider in detail the cartographic works in which commercial advertising was used. The review and analysis of the issues related to the emergence of the basic advertising rules in maps and atlases as well as the relationship between the subject of cartographic works and the content of advertising modules. The application of social advertising in the early 20th century and versions of advertising texts and modules in maps and atlases are shown.

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Petkov, Dobrin, e Temenoujka Bandrova. "Classification of cartographic models according to their content, dimensionality, material of production and types of reality". InterCarto. InterGIS 26, n. 1 (2020): 434–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-434-446.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cartography as one of the most ancient science and practice supply users with cartographic models and deliver them with geospatial information. Now in the days of technological revolution and digital earth we cannot find clearly classification of cartographic models including the latest achievements of science, technics and methodology. Several classifications, mainly of maps are shown and critical review is done. It is visible that no standardization in this field. Cartography as a mathematical science need classification system of its models, data and information. It is needed to everybody who make and use cartographic models. The classification system offers a possible method for selecting a suitable model that can be used to visualize a data set or theory. The point of classification is to take large number of observations and group them into data ranges or classes. This paper represents an information about cartographic models and make attempt to classify them according to their content (general, thematic, specialized), dimensionality (2D, 2.5D, 3D, 4D, multidimensional), material of production (paper / hard base, digital, anaglyph, holographic, web), and types of reality (virtual, augmented, physical). This is done on the base of new cartographic models appeared with technical innovation and computer-aided systems used in cartography nowadays.

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Nyrtsov, M. V., e T. E. Samsonov. "The 28-th International Cartographic Conference ICC 2017". Geodesy and Cartography 927, n. 9 (20 ottobre 2017): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-927-9-14-21.

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Abstract (sommario):

The 28th International Cartographic Conference ICC 2017 was held in Washington, DC in July 2017. The conference is a significant event in the world of cartography setting the path of development for the next 2 years. 40 topics were offered to participants of the conference in accordance with which they had to make oral presentations or posters and to submit articles. It should be noted the trend of ICC 2017 to expand the topics. For example, geospatial technologies were added to the section “Education and training”; coordinate systems, transformations and conversions were added to the section “Map projections”; extrasolar and celestial cartography were added to the section “Planetary cartography”. Cartographic and technical exhibitions, Barbara Petchenik International children’s map competition and exhibition, competitions in orienteering were held on the conference. Meeting of commissions and working groups of the International Cartographic Association, business meetings before and after the conference were organized. Also technical tours to relevant companies and organizations were proposed to participants. The article highlights the key events and ideas expressed during the conference.

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Kainz, Wolfgang. "Cartography Through the Years – Personal Views About a Young Science". Abstracts of the ICA 2 (8 ottobre 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-2-2020.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Although cartographic products have been produced for thousands of years, cartography as a science has only been established in the early 20th century. Great works of cartography include, for instance, the conic map projections by Ptolemy, the Tabula Rogeriana by Idrisi, the Waldseemüller map, and the Mercator map. Numerous cartographers, predominantly mathematicians, have shaped the theory of map projections throughout the centuries.With the advent of geographic information systems (GIS) in the 1960s and the rapid developments of digital technologies, cartography found itself in the middle of an identity crisis. For some time, it was not clear whether cartography would become obsolete and be replaced by GIS mapping technologies or whether GIS is a novel manifestation of cartography. During this period various misconceptions about the role of maps and mapping as well as uncertainty about the future developments of mapping in general added to this confusion.This contribution elaborates the major characteristics of cartography versus other disciplines, in particular geography and GIS, and takes a look at possible future directions and developments with regard to the theory of cartography as well as novel and future display technologies. Personal observations of the author during his professional life since the early 1980s illustrate these developments.

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Gartner, Georg, Menno-Jan Kraak, Dirk Burghardt, Liqiu Meng, Juliane Cron, Corné van Elzakker e Britta Ricker. "Envisioning the future of academic cartographic education". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 luglio 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-89-2019.

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Abstract. Why do we teach cartography? The need for cartographic education:In our day to day life, on an individual or societal level there is a continual need or even demand for geospatial information. On an individual level this need is expressed by questions like: Where am I?, How far away is my new doctor’s office?, Which route should I take to get to my destination based on current traffic patterns? Other questions may include: What is the spatial extent of my land parcel? What do I have permission to build on my parcel? On a societal level questions include: What cities suffer from high unemployment? What are the most efficient spots to build a new wind farm? Where is the optimal place to build a new road without fragmenting important species habitats? To offer answers to these questions, geographic information systems (GIS) including tools and instruments have been developed. The most important communication tool to foster decision making, as part of a GIS, is the map. Reality is too complex to comprehend with the naked eye. Therefore patterns are often missed, maps and other cartographic models are an interface between humans and the reality used to abstract, symbolized, a simplify view of the world. These maps then allow us to view spatial patterns and relationships between objects in the world. The world cannot do without maps. Why? Because they tell us about spatial issues on both local and global scale that influence our lives. How? Maps are the most effective and the most efficient tools to into and overview of geographical data which help us answer spatio-temporal questions and to provide new insight. What is ongoing in our world? Trends in our domain: yesterday, today and tomorrow:Looking at the timeline of our domain, cartography, we could argue that after a long period where maps where seen as artifacts, maps are now considered to be interactive and dynamic (web) services, and in the near future we move to human centered cognitive map displays that are immersive and ubiquitous. Yesterday, the map could be considered an artifact, a static object, on paper or on a screen. The map stores the information and can no longer be changed. The user did not play a prominent role in map design. Today, with the internet, there has been a huge increase in data access and generation resulting in maps being produced and used especial to satisfy individual location-based queries such as ’Where am I right now’ and ‘How-do-I-get-there?’ questions. Societal questions are answered by maps available via automated services accessible via dedicated portals. Today maps are no longer artifacts, but provided as a digital map services. However, tomorrow the map will yet again be different. We are able to sense and monitor the world real time and ubiquitously, including human users’ spatial abilities, emotions, needs and requirements. With developments in interface design including more opportunities for 3d/4d/Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality Human-Computer-Interfaces are becoming even "closer" to our human processing system. Maps will increasingly become human-centered, highly interactive, dynamic and adjustable visual displays. Purpose: What are the cartographic consequences of these developments? Required cartographic competences: The above developments have resulted in the expansion of what define the existing established cartographic method: making geospatial data and information accessible for users to foster discovery and insight into and overview of spatiotemporal data. Map design, including fundamentals such as projection, scale, generalization and symbolization, remain core to cartography. Yesterday, cartographic education was focused on how to optimally create fixed graphical representations at a defined scale constrained by the media, but with an eye for syntactical as well as graphical/aesthetical quality. Today knowledge and skills cartographers require have expanded, and they include an understanding of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) that house Big Data and Data Science, Web Services, Programming, Style Definitions, Algorithms, Semantic web and Linked Data and Interactivity and other relevant technological skills. Increasingly, more attention has also been, and will have to be, paid to use and user (requirement) analysis and usability assessment. Users will simple not use cartographic services that are not enjoyable and do not help them meet their goals. We will continue to conduct usability evaluations in new sensing and map display environments. Based on technological advances and social uptake thereof, tomorrow will yet again ask for an adaption of the cartographic education and research dealing more and more with the "human" embodied experience. Figure 1a shows the relation among the current skills and competences a cartographer needs. In the center of the triangle the map and the cartographic method. Data, Media and Users are found around. Knowledge and skills about data handling refer to selection, integration and abstraction, as well as analysis. Media skills and knowledge are about the interface, interaction, adapted design, technology and coding. Users refers to usability (enjoyment), cognition, perception, sensors (robots) and requirements. In Figure 1b the changing paradigm of the map as interface between human and reality as seen yesterday, today and tomorrow. How do we do it? Our MSc Cartography:The Erasmus Mundus Master of Science in Cartography program is characterized by its worldwide unique profile and comprehensive and in-depth cartographic lectures and lab works. All four partner universities (see involved authors) jointly developed and defined the learning outcomes after intensive cooperation and consultation. The program takes all theoretical as well as practical aspects of the broad and interdisciplinary field of cartography into account. Graduates of the program are able to meet the variety of requirements placed on a cartographer today. An obvious strength of this program is the clear research-driven orientation of selected lectures, e.g. visual analytics, web and mobile cartography and the close binding of M.Sc. topics to ongoing research projects. Students in the Cartography program learn how to develop and evaluate cartographic tools on the basis of firmly established theories and methods. The focus lays in developing and applying scientific methods and techniques to improve geo-information services for a diverse range of heterogeneous users. Another added value of the program is its educational execution in locations across Europe, a historic center of excellence in the field of cartography, integrating it within interdisciplinary fields. Excellently educated students from this program will fill the gaps not only in the cartographic research community and geosciences, but also in other related research fields that address the global challenges as defined by bodies like the United Nations or the European Union.

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Almeida, Tiago, e Luciano Bedin Costa. "cartografia infantil: enfoques metodológicos seguidos de experiências com crianças e jovens de portugal e brasil". childhood & philosophy 17 (27 febbraio 2021): 01–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2021.56968.

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This article has a double objective that aims to situate, theoretically and empirically, children's cartography as a research methodology. In a first movement, we will situate children's cartography in its epistemological and philosophical bases, having as inspiration the cartographic conceptions of the philosophy of Deleuze & Guattari and his commentators. The introduction of cartography with children shifts our research perspectives to include dimensions that were once imperceptible or relegated to a plane of lesser value: it maps, not just what children see, but what they say, and chronicles the coexistence of children and the world in ways not previously available to adult-organized research vehicles. We illustrate by chronicling two cartographic experiences carried out with children and young people from Portugal and Brazil, and finish with a reflection on how researchers might configure mapping experiences that act to open the worlds of adults and children to each other.

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Meng, Liqiu. "Four Persistent Research Questions in Cartography". Kartografija i geoinformacije 17, n. 29 (30 giugno 2018): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32909/kg.17.29.1.

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In recent decades, cartography has experienced a number of paradigm changes seen in refreshed research agendas and renewed education programs. Yet cartography remains the science, art and technology of making and using maps. This paper addresses four persistent research questions in cartography: 1 ) What is a map? 2) What are maps made for? 3) How are maps made? and 4) Who is making maps? Based on a retrospective analysis of cartographic advances since the introduction of the Internet in the early 1990s, the author gives an overview of evolution with regard to map types, map affordances, mapmaking workflows and the roles of mapmakers and map users. While some cartographic principles used since ancient times will continue to serve as anchor points for future development, ever-changing technological potentials and user requirements force us to maintain vitality with more and more innovative maps and map-based services. The author also appeals for a sustainable map creation ecosystem supported by cloud computing platforms.

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Field, Kenneth. "Cartography. A book and a MOOC". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 luglio 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-79-2019.

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Abstract. Cartographic education is seemingly in limbo. Courses are closing, professionally trained cartographers are dwindling in numbers and mapping is often not much more than a self-service activity. And all this against a backdrop of the massive increase in map use, the democratization of mapping and a plethora of online materials to aid the novice map-maker. We see many more maps and there’s no doubt that amongst the few gems we see many more very poorly designed maps. But what of the expertise? And what of core competencies in cartography? In a world that now uses Google and Wikipedia as the go-to sage, what of the cartographic textbook? And what of core training? In this presentation I assert that the death of cartographic expertise needs to be staunched. I’ll discuss two new mechanisms to approach the problem. First, a new book designed to re-imagine the dissemination of cartographic knowledge; a cartographic text book with a difference. Secondly, a Massive Open Online Course that, to date, has been taught to over 80,000 registrants worldwide. In planning the book, over a number of years, it became obvious that there was a massive unmet need for a new book about thinking about cartography. A book that veers markedly from a traditional textbook yet delivers core concepts and cartographic principles in a new and engaging way. A book whose content is not tied to chapters but is immediately accessible through a unique structure and which keeps the often mystical cartographic vocabulary to a minimum. A book that supports new map-makers in a visually compelling way yet is mature enough to support practiced cartographers as a go-to companion. “Cartography.” is that book. Published in July 2018, this major new publication is designed to engage with a modern audience keen to learn how to make better maps (Figure 1). In this presentation I will explore the need for a new book and demonstrate the void that it fills in cartographic education. I’ll explain its structure as one that mirrors the map-making process - which is never one that linearly considers projections, colour, typography and so on - but one which supports the interplay of the many simultaneous decisions made in the map-making process. I’ll go into detail about the book’s design, format and content and link it clearly to modern praxis and learning environments. Running at 550 pages with contributions from over 20 acknowledged cartographic experts and over 300 maps and illustrations, it is bold in scope and the intent is to make this a one-stop-shop for cartography, delivering the essentials in a way that makes sense to those who have never studied cartography but which will enable them to take advantage of the many ideas and approaches that define the discipline of cartography; and for those experienced cartographers that seek a companion in their everyday work. I will explain how the book differs from what has gone before and how it supports cartographic education and practice going forward. Turning attention to other learning realms, I will also discuss the book’s companion, a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). To date the course has run three times to over 80,000 people. It’s free and spans a 6 week period during which time students get access to videos, software, data and exercises, quizzes and access to cartographic experts via a discussion forum. Each week requires around 3&ndash;4&thinsp;hrs of work per week. The idea is simply to expose people to some fundamental cartographic ideas as an antidote to the simple notion that ‘anyone can make a map’. While that is true, the ability to think about the map and better understand how to make decisions to make the map better are crucial. While not the first MOOC or online course in cartography, this was developed to be a bit larger in scope than those that have gone before. Figure 2 also demonstrates the international reach of the global classroom and how it has captured the imagination. It’s important to note that this is not a talk designed to sell anything other than the idea that we need to rethink cartographic education going forward and for cartographers to reassert their relevance as key players. The two initiatives I present her are one attempt at contributing to repositioning cartographic expertise. Going beyond the cartographic field into data visualisation, visual journalism and democratised mapping is crucial to ensure that people make maps of worth. To do that, we, as a cartographic community must find new and engaging ways, beyond our traditional approaches, to help them see that our ideas resonate and we can add value to their work.

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Ledermann, Florian. "Extracting the Essential Cartographic Functionality of Programs on the Web". Proceedings of the ICA 1 (16 maggio 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-66-2018.

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Following Aristotle, F. P. Brooks (1987) emphasizes the distinction between “essential difficulties” and “accidental difficulties” as a key challenge in software engineering. From the point of view of cartography, it would be desirable to identify the cartographic essence of a program, and subject it to additional scrutiny, while its accidental proper-ties, again from the point of view of cartography, are usually of lesser relevance to cartographic analysis. In this paper, two methods that facilitate extracting the cartographic essence of programs are presented: close reading of their source code, and the automated analysis of their runtime behavior. The advantages and shortcomings of both methods are discussed, followed by an outlook to future developments and potential applications.

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Juliasz, Paula Cristiane Strina, e Luiz Felipe Brito da Silva. "Brazilian theses and dissertations on School Cartography in the period 2011–2020". Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA 4 (7 agosto 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-4-11-2023.

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Abstract. School Cartography in Brazil has been constituted through the relationship between Cartography, Education and Geography. Thus, learning theories, teaching methods, the curriculum and teacher training are frequently debated in this field. To contribute to this debate, we aim to produce an inventory of the Brazilian production on School Cartography at postgraduate level in the period 2011–2020 through a documentary analysis. The objective is to find how many studies on School Cartography at postgraduate level were conducted and in which institutions, identifying the areas of knowledge in which these studies are inserted and recognize the theoretical-methodological contributions, the themes and segments of Basic Education addressed in the investigations. The delimitation of the documentary corpus will be built by searching the descriptors "School Cartography", "Cartography", "Teaching" and "Education" in the title, in the abstract or in the keywords in the Capes' catalog of theses and dissertations in the period 2011–2020. The inventory regarding the production will be organized according to the categories: a) representation of space; b) teaching methodology; c) technologies and production of cartographic teaching materials; d) teacher training and curriculum.

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Marina, Marina, e Еlena Prokhorova. "Development of animated infographics as a new direction in the training of students-cartographers". InterCarto. InterGIS 26, n. 1 (2020): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-400-409.

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The authors of the article developed training sessions for cartographer-students aimed at developing competencies in the field of design and creation of animated geo-infographics. The development of technologies for video production and the growing demand for infographics in education, mass media, various television projects, public speeches and other fields of activity have made it necessary to train specialists who have the skills to develop visual and high-quality video-infographics. The ability to create and correctly integrate a cartographic image into animated graphics is a unique and sought-after new competence for future specialists in the field of cartography and geoinformatics. Teaching video-infographics is planned to be conducted within the framework of the training course “Socio-economic maps and infographics”, which is taught the Department of cartography and geoinformatics of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University and is based on the practice of teaching thematic cartography. Learning the basics of animated infographics consists of a theoretical part and a practical task for individual work. The theoretical section explains the main stages of the development of infographic video materials, the distinctive features of high-quality video-infographics, the peculiarities of its perception by the viewer, and offers some classification approaches. The practical task allows different options depending on the students’ skills — from writing a scenario and creating a storyboard to self-production of a video clip. Approaches to assessing the quality of the practical work have also been developed. Conclusions are drawn on what skills and abilities students develop during the course where they can be applied in the future. It is established where they can be applied in the future by specialists in the field of cartography and geoinformatics.

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Batyrova, Karshiya S., e Yaroslava G. Poshivaylo. "HISTORY OF AUGMENTED REALITY AND FURTHER TRENDS OF ITS USE IN CARTOGRAPHY". Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, n. 5 (2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-5-99-107.

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The article is devoted to the application of augmented reality (Augment Reality, AR) technologies in cartography. A review of the main stages of the formation of technologies and significant achievements in various spheres of human activity is carried out. An overview of the manufacturers of devices and technologies holding leading positions in the augmented reality market is made. Two main directions of AR application in cartography are highlighted: expansion of analog maps and improvement of navigation applications. A comparative analysis of navigation cartographic applications with augmented reality from the point of view of their functionality is given. A scheme of the use of AR technology in cartography is given, in which marker-based, markerless and spatial variants of augmented reality technology are considered. The conclusion about the need for wider introduction of augmented reality technologies into thematic cartography is made.

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Raposo, Paulo, Guillaume Touya e Pia Bereuter. "A Change of Theme: The Role of Generalization in Thematic Mapping". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n. 6 (4 giugno 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060371.

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Cartographic generalization research has focused almost exclusively in recent years on topographic mapping, and has thereby gained an incorrect reputation for having to do only with reference or positional data. The generalization research community needs to broaden its scope to include thematic cartography and geovisualization. Generalization is not new to these areas of cartography, and has in fact always been involved in thematic geographic visualization, despite rarely being acknowledged. We illustrate this involvement with several examples of famous, public-audience thematic maps, noting the generalization procedures involved in drawing each, both across their basemap and thematic layers. We also consider, for each map example we note, which generalization operators were crucial to the formation of the map’s thematic message. The many incremental gains made by the cartographic generalization research community while treating reference data can be brought to bear on thematic cartography in the same way they were used implicitly on the well-known thematic maps we highlight here as examples.

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