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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Carbon dissolution"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 3 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Carbon dissolution"

Xing, X., S. Jahanshahi, J. Yang e O. Ostrovski. "Dissolution of carbon from coke and char in liquid Fe-C alloys". Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, n. 92 (1 luglio 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5508.

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Purpose: The aim of this paper was to study dissolution of carbon from carbonaceous materials of different origin with different morphology, microtexture and microstructure in the liquid Fe-C alloys. Design/methodology/approach: The dissolution of carbon from coke, char and glassy carbon in the molten Fe-C alloy (initial carbon concentration 2.46 wt.%) at 1350°C was measured and compared with that from graphite. The dissolution of carbon from demineralised coke and char in the Fe-C solution was also examined to study the effect of mineral matter on the carbon dissolution. Findings: The concentration of carbon in the Fe-C solution dissolved from graphite was higher than that from coke and char. Demineralisation of coke and char had a significant effect on the carbon dissolution. The concentration of carbon dissolved from demineralised coke and char in the Fe-C alloy approached the solubility of graphite in this alloy under the same conditions. Results obtained in this work confirmed that ash has a strong effect on the carbon dissolution. Research limitations/implications: Investigations in this paper were conducted at 1350°C. At higher temperatures; (1) the degree of coke and char graphitisation increases changing the microstructure of carbonaceous materials; (2) the ash can melt, and (3) some of the metal oxides in the ash can be reduced by carbon to the metal phase, thereby weakening the effect of ash on the carbon dissolution. Demineralisation of coke was incomplete; it reached 70-80% with some effect on the carbon dissolution. The effect of ash composition and further coke demineralisation on the carbon dissolution at higher temperature will be investigated in the future study. Originality/value: This study demonstrated that dissolution of carbon from coke and char was strongly affected by ash. Reactions of dissolution of carbon from coke and char in liquid Fe-C alloy reached a steady state within 1-2 hours. In this state, the coke/char – metal system was far from equilibrium. The “apparent” activity which can be assigned to carbon in the steady state is below one for graphite with significant implications for metallurgical processes.

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Hamon, Mark A., Jian Chen, Hui Hu, Yongsheng Chen, Misha E. Itkis, Apparao M. Rao, Peter C. Eklund e Robert C. Haddon. "Dissolution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes". Advanced Materials 11, n. 10 (luglio 1999): 834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199907)11:10<834::aid-adma834>3.0.co;2-r.

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Janthon, Patanachai, Francesc Viñes, Jakkapan Sirijaraensre, Jumras Limtrakul e Francesc Illas. "Carbon dissolution and segregation in platinum". Catalysis Science & Technology 7, n. 4 (2017): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy02253g.

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Density functional studies at show the feasibility of C subsurface incorporation in Platinum occupying tetrahedral sites. A comparative with Ni and Pd highlights that surface relaxation is critical in C dissolution, specially at low-coordinated sites of Pt nanoparticles. Results explain phenomena such as C dissolution and segregation to form graphene from below, and may serve to tune the Pt surface chemical reactivity.

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Wang, Z., E. Tada e A. Nishikata. "Platinum Dissolution from Carbon Supported Nanoparticles". ECS Transactions 69, n. 17 (2 ottobre 2015): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06917.0255ecst.

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Szulczewski, M. L., M. A. Hesse e R. Juanes. "Carbon dioxide dissolution in structural and stratigraphic traps". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 736 (6 novembre 2013): 287–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.511.

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AbstractThe geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide ( CO2) in structural and stratigraphic traps is a viable option to reduce anthropogenic emissions. While dissolution of the CO2 stored in these traps reduces the long-term leakage risk, the dissolution process remains poorly understood in systems that reflect the appropriate subsurface geometry. Here, we study dissolution in a porous layer that exhibits a feature relevant for CO2 storage in structural and stratigraphic traps: a finite CO2 source along the top boundary that extends only part way into the layer. This feature represents the finite extent of the interface between free-phase CO2 pooled in a trap and the underlying brine. Using theory and simulations, we describe the dissolution mechanisms in this system for a wide range of times and Rayleigh numbers, and classify the behaviour into seven regimes. For each regime, we quantify the dissolution flux numerically and model it analytically, with the goal of providing simple expressions to estimate the dissolution rate in real systems. We find that, at late times, the dissolution flux decreases relative to early times as the flow of unsaturated water to the CO2 source becomes constrained by a lateral exchange flow though the reservoir. Application of the models to several representative reservoirs indicates that dissolution is strongly affected by the reservoir properties; however, we find that reservoirs with high permeabilities ($k\geq 1$ Darcy) that are tens of metres thick and several kilometres wide could potentially dissolve hundreds of megatons of CO2 in tens of years.

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Wright, J. K., e I. F. Taylor. "Multiparticle Dissolution Kinetics of Carbon in Iron-Carbon-Sulphur Melts." ISIJ International 33, n. 5 (1993): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.33.529.

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Jansson, S., V. Brabie e P. Jönsson. "Magnesia–carbon refractory dissolution in Al killed low carbon steel". Ironmaking & Steelmaking 33, n. 5 (ottobre 2006): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328106x113977.

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Deroo, Heleen, Masuda Akter, Samuel Bodé, Orly Mendoza, Haichao Li, Pascal Boeckx e Steven Sleutel. "Effect of organic carbon addition on paddy soil organic carbon decomposition under different irrigation regimes". Biogeosciences 18, n. 18 (15 settembre 2021): 5035–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5035-2021.

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Abstract. Anaerobic decomposition of organic carbon (OC) in submerged rice paddies is coupled to the reduction of alternative soil electron acceptors, primarily Fe3+. During reductive dissolution of Fe3+ from pedogenic oxides, previously adsorbed native soil organic carbon (SOC) could be co-released into solution. Incorporation of crop residues could hence indirectly, i.e. through the stimulation of microbially mediated Fe3+ reduction, promote the loss of native SOC via enhanced dissolution and subsequent mineralisation to CO2 and CH4. Our aim was to estimate the relevance of such a positive feedback during the degradation of added OC, and to investigate the impact of irrigation management on this mechanism and on priming effects on native SOC decomposition in general. In a six-week pot experiment with rice plants, two Bangladeshi soils with contrasting SOC to oxalate-extractable Fe (SOC : Feox) ratios were kept under a regime of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) or continuous flooding (CF), and were either amended with maize shoots or not. The δ13C signatures of dissolved organic C and emitted CH4 and CO2 were used to infer the decomposition of added maize shoots (δ13C = −13.0 ‰) versus native SOC (δ13C = −25.4 ‰ and −22.7 ‰). Addition of maize residues stimulated the reduction of Fe as well as the dissolution of native SOC, and the latter to a larger extent under CF, especially for the soil with the highest SOC : Feox ratio. Estimated Fe-bound SOC contents denote that stimulated SOC co-release during Fe reduction could explain this positive priming effect on SOC dissolution after the addition of maize. However, priming effects on SOC mineralisation to CO2 and CH4 were lower than for SOC dissolution, and were even negative under AWD for one soil. Enhanced reductive dissolution of Fe-bound SOC upon exogenous OC addition therefore does not necessarily lead to stimulated SOC mineralisation. In addition, AWD irrigation was found to decrease the above-mentioned priming effects.

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Kaffash, Hamideh, e Merete Tangstad. "Factors influencing dissolution of carbonaceous materials in liquid Fe–Mn". Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 27, n. 10 (17 settembre 2020): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42243-020-00487-w.

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Abstract Carbon dissolution from four types of metallurgical cokes and graphite was investigated by using immersion rods in a resistance furnace to clarify the influence of factors governing the rate of carbon dissolution from carbonaceous materials into Fe–Mn melts at 1550 °C. The factors studied were the microstructure of carbonaceous materials, roughness, porosity and the wettability between carbonaceous materials and the melt. Carbon/metal interface was characterised by scanning electron microscopy accompanied with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry to investigate the formation of an ash layer. The results showed that coke E had the highest dissolution rate. Surface roughness and porosity of the carbonaceous materials seemed to be dominant factors affecting the dissolution rates. Further, crystallite size did not have a significant effect on the dissolution rates. Solid/liquid wettability seemed to affect the initial stage of dissolution reaction. The dissolution mechanism was found to be both mass transfer and interfacial reactions.

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Li, Jianzhong, Tao Tang, Xiaobing Zhang, Shiyun Li e Min Li. "Dissolution, characterization and photofunctionalization of carbon nanotubes". Materials Letters 61, n. 22 (settembre 2007): 4351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.01.103.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Carbon dissolution"

Mitchell, Mark J. "Mathematical modelling of carbon dioxide dissolution and reaction processes". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14502/.

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Carbon dioxide dissolution into water is a ubiquitous chemical process on earth, and having a full understanding of this process is becoming ever more important as we seek to understand the consequences of 250 years of exponentially-increasing anthropogenic C02 emissions to the atmosphere since the start of the Industrial Revolution. We examine the dissolution of C02 into water in a number of contexts. First, we analyse what happens to a range of chemical species dissolved in water following an injection of additional C02. We consider the well-mixed problem, and use the method of matched asymptotic expansions to obtain new expressions for the changes in the species' concentrations with time, the new final chemical equilibrium, and the time scales over which this equilibrium is reached, as functions of time, the parameters and the initial condition. These results can be used to help predict the changes in the pH and concentrations of dissolved carbonic species that will occur in the oceans as a result of anthropogenic C02 emissions, and in saline aquifer formations after pumping C02 deep underground. Second, we consider what happens deep underground in a saline aquifer when C02 has been pumped in, spreads through the pore space, and dissolves into the resident water, when advection, diffusion, and chemical reaction have varying levels of relative importance. We examine the length scales over which the dissolved C02 will spread out through an individual pore, ahead of a spreading drop of C02, and the concentrations of the different chemical species within the pore, in the steady-state case. Finally, some experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of an injection of gaseous C02 on the chemical composition and pH of a saturated limestone aquifer formation. As the C02 enters the soil, it dissolves into the water, and we model the changes in the chemical composition of the water/limestone mixture with time.

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Parthasarathy, Hariprasad. "Arsenic Dissolution from Sedimentary Formations under Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Conditions". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/488.

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The overall goal of this Ph.D. study was to investigate the mobilization of arsenic (As) from sedimentary formations under conditions representative of geologic carbon dioxide storage (GCS) i.e., high pressure, temperature, and salinity. GCS is a promising technology for the mitigation of increasing CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. It primarily involves the capture of CO2 from point sources, followed by transport and injection into deep subsurface formations for long-term storage. Of the potential subsurface formations under consideration in the United States, saline formations, characterized by the presence of high salinity brines, are estimated to have the largest storage capacity. Potential for leakage of injected CO2, native brines, and CO2- saturated brines from these reservoirs exists and may lead to an increase in mineral dissolution from reservoir formations, and leakage pathways. Of particular interest in the risk assessment of GCS is the dissolution and mobilization of toxic metals such as arsenic (As) and lead. The primary mineral source of As in high and low permeability sedimentary formations is arsenopyrite (FeAsS (s)). While the oxidative dissolution of FeAsS (s) has been reported in the literature, the dissolution of FeAsS (s) under anoxic, high salinity conditions of GCS remains unexplored. To conduct dissolution experiments at high pressure, temperature, and salinity, a small-scale plug-flow system capable of measuring dissolution rates without mass transfer limitations was designed and constructed. The capacity of the system in measuring dissolution rates under GCS conditions was validated. The plug-flow system is capable of accurate and rapid measurement of dissolution rates for minerals with slow and moderate dissolution rates, with a maximum rate limitation of 5 x10-5 mol/m2s at a flow rate of 10 ml/min. To enable accurate determination of reaction rates, a method for preparation of uniformly sized arsenopyrite particles free of surface oxides was developed. The method involves sonication of crushed minerals with ethanol, washing with 12N HCl, and 50% ethanol, followed by drying in N2. Analysis of the arsenopyrite surface with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revelealed that the method was successful in removing all the oxides of As and S on the surface, while only 12% of Fe was left oxidized. Subsequently, the dissolution of arsenopyrite, galena, and pyrite in low-concentration alkali and alkaline metal chloride solutions under anoxic conditions was investigated. Further, the effect of Na-Ca-Cl brines on the release of arsenic was determined under ambient as well as GCS conditions. The result of these experiments revealed that electrolytes traditionally considered inert, such as NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 are capable of effecting sulfide mineral dissolution. In particular, the dissolution of As increased with increasing cation activity, and the dissolution of sulfur decreased with an increase in chloride ion activity in solution. Dissolution experiments with 1.5M Na-Ca-Cl brines resulted in arsenic dissolution rates in the range of 10-10 to 10-11 mol/m2 s under anoxic conditions. The rate of As release was found to be dependent on the CaCl2 content of these Na-Ca-Cl brines. Upon the introduction of CO2 into the system, the dissolution rate of As decreased and was determined to be in the range of 10-11 to 10-12 mol/m2s. For comparison, the rate of As release from arsenopyrite under oxic conditions is in the range of X to Y mol/m2 s. Finally, dissolution experiments aimed at understanding the release of As from naturally occurring seal rocks of a GCS formation were conducted. A primary seal rock and two secondary seal rocks were obtained from the Cranfield oil field CO2- EOR site in Mississippi. The rock samples were characterized by micro Xray adsorption near edge structure analysis, which revealed that multiple sources of As exist in the reservoir seal rocks studied. Dissolution experiments with seal rocks and anoxic brines of 105g/L NaCl resulted in the dissolution of arsenic in concentrations of 70 to 80 ppb at steady state. Dissolution of CO2 in the brine had no discernible effect on the steady state release concentration of As.

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Cherezov, Ilia. "Modelling convective dissolution and reaction of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268170.

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In an effort to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and mitigate climate change, it has been proposed to sequester supercritical CO2 in underground saline aquifers. Geological storage of CO2 involves different trapping mechanisms which are not yet fully understood. In order to improve the understanding of the effect of chemical reaction on the flow and transport of CO2, these storage mechanisms are modelled experimentally and numerically in this work. In particular, the destabilising interaction between the fluid hydrodynamics and a density-increasing second-order chemical reaction is considered. It is shown that after nondimensional scaling, the flow in a given physicochemical system is governed by two dimensionless groups, Da/Ra2, which measures the timescale for convection compared to those for reaction and diffusion, and CBo', which reflects the excess of the environmental reactant species relative to the diffusing solute. The destabilising reactive scenario is modelled experimentally under standard laboratory conditions using an immiscible two-layer system with acetic acid acting as the solute. A novel colorimetric technique is developed to infer the concentrations of chemical species from the pH of the solution making it possible to measure the flux of solute into the aqueous domain. The validity of this experimental system as a suitable analogue for the dissolution of CO2 is tested against previous work and the destabilising effect of reaction is investigated by adding ammonia to the lower aqueous layer. The system is also modelled numerically and it is shown that the aqueous phase reaction between acetic acid and ammonia can be considered to be instantaneous, meaning that Da/Ra2 tends to infinity and the flow is therefore governed only by the initial dimensionless concentration of reactant in the aqueous phase. The results from the experiments and numerical simulations are in good agreement, showing that an increase in the initial concentration of reactant increases the destabilising effect of reaction, accelerates the onset of convection and enhances the rate of dissolution of solute. The numerical model is then applied to a real world aquifer in the Sleipner gas field and it is demonstrated how the storage capacity of a potential CO2 reservoir could be enhanced by chemical reaction.

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Jonker-Brash, Robina Ann. "Erosion of refractories : mechanisms for dissolution of graphite by iron-carbon melts". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297215.

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Anabaraonye, Benaiah Uchechukwu. "Experimental and modelling studies of reservoir mineral dissolution following carbon dioxide injection". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/61347.

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There have been extensive studies of the kinetics of pristine carbonate minerals in acidified media including (CO2 + H2O) systems at elevated temperature and pressure conditions pertinent to carbon storage. However, most of those studies have not considered the several complexities that occur in real reservoirs. The goal of this study was to investigate some of these complexities and their impacts on reaction rates under reservoir conditions. The variables investigated in this study include: aqueous chemistry and ionic strength, saturation state, surface contaminants and chemical heterogeneity in reservoir minerals. The majority of the reaction rates reported in this study are from batch reactor experiments implementing a form of the rotating disk technique, which is chosen to eliminate mass transport effects. Calcite (CaCO3) dissolution kinetics were investigated in (CO2 + H2O + NaCl), (CO2 + H2O + NaHCO3), (CO2 + H2O + Na2SO4) and (CO2 + H2O + Mixed Salts) systems. These studies were carried out at temperatures ranging from (323 to 373) K and pressures ranging from (6 to 10) MPa. A minor increase in the dissolution rates as a function of ionic strength was observed in every system except for (CO2 + H2O + NaHCO3), where a marked reduction in dissolution rates was measured. These observations are consistent with the predicted changes in the pH of the aqueous system. The influence of saturation states in the dissolution kinetics of calcite was investigated in the (CO2 + H2O) system at a temperature T of 373 K and a pressure p of 6 MPa. Consistent with previous studies, the measured dissolution rates deviate from the classical transition state theory (TST) model which was developed for elementary reactions in homogeneous media. A modified TST expression was subsequently proposed. Next, the dissolution kinetics of three chemically heterogeneous carbonate reservoir rocks were investigated in (CO2 + H2O) system at T = 323 K and p = 10 MPa. For a single carbonate mineral in the heterogeneous matrix, the measured dissolution rates were found to be comparable to those of a chemically homogeneous system under similar experimental conditions. Finally, the impact of surface alterations (including adsorbed biofilms and crude-oil films) on calcite dissolution kinetics was investigated in (CO2 + H2O) systems at temperatures ranging from (325 to 333) K and pressures up to 10 MPa. Some of these films made a minor difference in reaction rates and the effects were found to be dependent on temperature, pressure, exposure time and reactor configurations. In this study, extensive characterizations were performed on both fluid and solid phases, and geochemical simulations were implemented in the PHREEQC software. Further, preliminary insights from Lattice Boltzmann modelling and reactive core flooding studies are presented.

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Liljenberg, Marcus. "Poly(triazine imide) : Growing Larger Crystallites of CrystallineCarbon Nitride and Understanding Their Dissolution". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - Ångström, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377151.

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Crystalline carbon nitride has been a hot topic for the last ten years because of reports claiming it could work as a photocatalyst for cheap water splitting, a catalyst for difficult reactions inorganic chemistry and the use as a potential two-dimensional semiconductor.The carbon nitride of interest in this project is poly(triazineimide) (PTI), which has a layered structure similar to graphite. Oneof the goals was to examine the synthesis parameters to try tounderstand what makes these crystallites grow. The material was primarily analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and powder x-ray diffraction. The other goal of this project was to examine the physical properties of dissolved PTI. It is currently not understood how PTI behaves in various solvents. The effect on how the freezing point depression varies in different solvents was, therefore, tested.No strong correlations of how the morphology of the produced PTIdiffered with different synthesis parameters. Freezing point measurements suggest that a solution of PTI follows Raoult's law and can be described as a true solution.

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Chapman, Michael Wallace. "Insoluble oxide product formation and its effect on coke dissolution in liquid iron". School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering - Faculty of Engineering, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3039.

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A significant body of work exists around coke dissolution into liquid iron, however there are key aspects of this important reaction that are not well described. This study was focused on gaining the answers to the questions “How does the coke mineral matter behave during coke dissolution?” and “Can the effects of sulphur and oxide layer formation on the dissolution rate be separated and quantified?”. Issues that must be addressed if the understanding of the kinetics of this reaction is to be advanced and coke's use in the blast furnace further optimised.To this end, a detailed investigation was conducted examining the influence of coke mineral matter on coke (carbon) dissolution into liquid iron. This project was focused on the mineral matter layer that forms at the coke/iron interface and how the presence of this layer affects the kinetics of carbon dissolution from the coke into the liquid iron. A range of experimental techniques were used to identify and characterise the mineral layer as it formed at the coke/iron interface and to assess the layers influence on the carbon dissolution kinetics.Carbon dissolution experiments, utilising a carburiser cover technique, were carried out where carbon and sulphur transfer to an iron-carbon melt was measured over time at temperatures of 1450°C, 1500°C and 1550°C. This technique allowed fundamental data on the dissolution rate constant to be calculated, and the effects of temperature, melt sulphur and different carbonaceous materials to be explored.Development of the mineral layer at the coke/iron interface as a function of both time and temperature was studied utilising a quenched carbon dissolution technique that was developed during the project. This technique had the additional benefit of allowing the composition of the melt to be determined for a larger range of elements than the dissolution experiments. The quenched carbon dissolution experiments complemented the carbon dissolution experiments and allowed direct comparisons between the dissolution behaviour measured in the dissolution experiments and the composition and morphology of the mineral layer observed in the quenched samples.The dissolution studies were further complemented by sessile drop measurements of the wetting behaviour of iron on the mineral phases that were identified in the mineral layer present at the coke/iron interface, thermodynamic modelling utilising the MTDATA software package and a conceptual model of the interfacial mineral layer.A mineral layer was observed to have formed at the coke/iron interface during coke dissolution into liquid iron at experimental temperatures ranging from 1450°C to 1550°C. The mineral layer was solid at these temperatures and persistent at the interface. The amount of mineral matter present in the mineral layer was observed to be increasing with increased reaction time. The composition and structure of the mineral layer changed with both experimental time and temperature. The composition of the mineral layer was principally composed of oxides of aluminium and calcium, present as various calcium aluminates and calcium sulphides. Initially the mineral layer was a loose agglomeration of particles of which a majority were alumina particles. As the dissolution reaction proceeded, the loose agglomeration of particles was replaced by an open acicular layer that was predominantly the calcium aluminate CaO.6Al2O3 (CA6). As the dissolution reaction continued further, the calcium aluminates became increasingly richer in calcium oxide, with the predominate phase present in the mineral layer progressing through the calcium aluminates phases CA6 to CaO.2Al2O3 (CA2) and onto CaO.Al2O3 (CA). The apparent calcium enrichment of the mineral layer was observed to occur more rapidly as the experimental temperature increased. Accompanying the compositional changes in the mineral layer, the morphology of the mineral layer was also observed to change. The mineral layer was formed as an initial loose agglomeration of alumina particles, changing to an open acicular structure consisting of CA6/CA2 before being converted to a dense layer as the dissolution reaction proceeded and the composition of the mineral layer changed to CA and calcium sulphide (CaS) appeared at the interface.It was found that the formation of the calcium sulphide layer was preceded by the formation of the calcium aluminate layer. Only after the calcium aluminate layer had experienced progressive calcium enrichment and the CA and CA2 phases had formed did the CaS phase appear at the iron interface. Thermodynamic analysis of the experimental results confirmed that the formation of the calcium enriched calcium aluminates, CA2 and CA, were a necessary requirement to stabilise the calcium sulphide layer for the coke composition studied.The kinetics of carbon dissolution from the coke to the liquid iron were observed to be dependent on the structure of the interfacial mineral layer. This dependence was manifest as two stage behaviour in the first order mass transfer plots. The initial stage, characterised by rapid carbon dissolution, was observed while the mineral layer was developing or had the open acicular structure of the CA6/CA2 layer. The second stage was characterised by a significant reduction in the rate of carbon dissolution. The onset of the second stage was coincident with the change in the composition of the mineral layer from CA6/CA2 to CA2/CA and the associated densification of the mineral layer. In stating that the nature of the mineral layer affects the dissolution kinetics, a change in the reaction control mechanism is implied. This represents a change in the coke dissolution kinetics from simple mass transfer control to a mixed control regime where both mass transfer and the mineral (product) layer are active.In an attempt to overcome the problems associated with the heterogeneity of coke a coke analogue was developed. In the coke analogue the composition and dispersion of the carbonaceous and mineral matter (oxides) are controlled and the porosity is fixed. When single phase calcium aluminates were introduced into the coke analogues, calcium enrichment of the resulting calcium aluminate mineral layer was observed. The observed carbon dissolution kinetics were dependant on the structure of the interfacial calcium aluminate layer. Consistent with the coke dissolution studies, the calcium aluminate layer formed at the coke analogue iron interface during carbon dissolution was at least in part rate controlling the carbon dissolution reaction for the coke analogues studied.Utilising the sessile drop experimental technique the wettability with liquid ironcarbon-sulphur alloys of the predominate phases that were observed in the mineral layer were measured. It was observed that the contact angle decreased as the proportion of lime (CaO) in the calcium aluminate increased. Further it was observed that while the presence of sulphur in the melt increased the contact angle for the alumina and CA6 substrates, on the CA2 and CA substrates the contact angle was decreased. The improvement in the wetting of the CA2 and CA substrates with sulphur was attributed to the formation of CaS at the substrate/droplet interface.This study has produced new fundamental data on the growth and development of the mineral layer and the wettability of the predominate calcium aluminates observed in the mineral layer. These detailed studies have illuminated the changing nature of the layer in terms of both composition and morphology and found that the kinetics of carbon dissolution from the coke to the liquid iron were dependant on the structure of the interfacial mineral layer.

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Maduakor, Ekene Obioma. "Effects of carbon dioxide injection on the displacement of methane and carbonate dissolution in sandstone cores". Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4164.

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Previous coreflood experiments show that CO2 sequestration in carbonate rocks is a win-win technology. Injecting CO2 into a depleted gas reservoir for storage also produces hitherto unrecoverable gas. This in turn helps to defray the cost of CO2 sequestration. This thesis reports the results from experiments conducted on a Berea sandstone core. The experiments include displacement experiments and unconfined compressive strength tests. The displacement experiments were conducted at cell pressures of 1500 psig and temperature of 60oC using a 1 foot long and 1 inch diameter Berea sandstone core. Pure CO2 and treated flue gas (99.433 % mole CO2) were injected into the Berea sandstone core initially saturated with methane at a pressure of 1500 psig and 800 psig respectively. Results from these experiments show that the dispersion coefficient for both pure CO2 and treated flue gas are relatively small ranging from 0.18-0.225 cm2/min and 0.28-0.30 cm2/min respectively. The recovery factor of methane at break-through is relatively high ranging from 71%-80% of original gas in place for pure CO2 and 90% to 92% OGIP for treated flue gas, the difference resulting from different cell pressures used. Therefore it would appear that, in practice injection of treated flue gas is a cheaper option compared to pure CO2 injection. For the unconfined compressive strength tests, corefloods were first conducted at high flowrates ranging from 5 ml/min to 20 ml/ min, pressures of 1700-1900 Psig and a temperature of 65oC. These conditions simulate injecting CO2 originating from an electric power generation plant into a depleted gas reservoir and model the near well bore situation. Results from these experiments show a 1% increase in porosity and changes in injectivity due to permeability impairment. The cores are then subjected to an unconfined compressive strength test. Results from these tests do not show any form of weakening of the rock due to CO2 injection.

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Cheng, Leon Man Lung. "Study of the kinetics of precipitation, dissolution and coarsening of aluminum nitride in low-carbon steels". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0029/NQ38867.pdf.

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Kipper, Chelsey. "Influence of Spring Flow Reversals on Cave Dissolution in a Telogenetic Karst Aquifer, Mammoth Cave, KY". TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3158.

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An often overlooked connection between karst groundwater systems and surface water is spring flow reversal, the flow of river water into karst springs caused by changes in hydraulic gradient. Karst aquifers are subject to the intrusion of river water when the hydraulic head of a base level river is higher than the hydraulic head of a base level spring. When this occurs, the flow out of the spring reverses, allowing river water to enter base level conduits. River water thus becomes a source of recharge into karst basins, transporting both valuable nutrients and harmful contaminants into karst aquifers. The rapid recharge of meteoric water, brief groundwater residence times, and the interconnection of surface and subsurface waters through a variety of karst features necessitates studying groundwater and surface water in karst landscapes as a unified system. This study examines the influence of spring flow reversal on cave dissolution in a telogenetic karst aquifer in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. Spring flow reversals in Mammoth Cave National Park (MCNP) were first recorded nearly one-hundred years ago, but a high-resolution study measuring the effects of spring flow reversals on dissolution in MCNP, or any other telogenetic karst system, had not been conducted until recently. In this study, high-resolution data were collected for pH, SpC, temperature, and stage, as well as weekly samples for major ion concentrations, alkalinity, and carbon isotopes, from June 2018 to December 2018. Surface water and groundwater data were used to quantify the complex hydrologic processes associated with the spring flow reversals, including seasonal changes in karst geochemistry and dissolution taking place between the Green River, River Styx Spring, and Echo River Spring. Data show distinct changes in geochemical parameters as flow reversals occur, with temperature being the principal indicator of flow direction change. During this study, all ten stable reverse flows coincided with increased discharge from the Green River Dam. The predominant drivers of dissolution in the River Styx and Echo River karst basins are storm events and seasonal changes in the hydrologic regime, rather than seasonal CO2 production, normal baseflow conditions, or stable reverse flow events. Estimated dissolution rates generally show that stable reverse flows contribute no more to dissolution than normal baseflow conditions – the highest amount of dissolution during a single stable reverse flow was only 0.003 mm. This is contrary to flow reversal studies in an eogenetic karst system in Florida, which estimated 3.4 mm of wall retreat during a single spring flow reversal. These contrasting results are likely due to significant differences in pH of river water, matrix porosity of the bedrock, basin morphology, and flow conditions.

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Libri sul tema "Carbon dissolution"

Kirchman, David L. Introduction to geomicrobiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0013.

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Geomicrobiology, the marriage of geology and microbiology, is about the impact of microbes on Earth materials in terrestrial systems and sediments. Many geomicrobiological processes occur over long timescales. Even the slow growth and low activity of microbes, however, have big effects when added up over millennia. After reviewing the basics of bacteria–surface interactions, the chapter moves on to discussing biomineralization, which is the microbially mediated formation of solid minerals from soluble ions. The role of microbes can vary from merely providing passive surfaces for mineral formation, to active control of the entire precipitation process. The formation of carbonate-containing minerals by coccolithophorids and other marine organisms is especially important because of the role of these minerals in the carbon cycle. Iron minerals can be formed by chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, which gain a small amount of energy from iron oxidation. Similarly, manganese-rich minerals are formed during manganese oxidation, although how this reaction benefits microbes is unclear. These minerals and others give geologists and geomicrobiologists clues about early life on Earth. In addition to forming minerals, microbes help to dissolve them, a process called weathering. Microbes contribute to weathering and mineral dissolution through several mechanisms: production of protons (acidity) or hydroxides that dissolve minerals; production of ligands that chelate metals in minerals thereby breaking up the solid phase; and direct reduction of mineral-bound metals to more soluble forms. The chapter ends with some comments about the role of microbes in degrading oil and other fossil fuels.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Carbon dissolution"

Um, Namil, Masao Miyake e Tetsuji Hirato. "Dissolution of Cerium Oxide in Sulfuric Acid". In Zero-Carbon Energy Kyoto 2010, 165–70. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53910-0_22.

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Gao, Leizhang, Tongxiang Ma, Zhiming Yan e Meilong Hu. "Dissolution Kinetics of Titanium in Carbon-Saturated Iron". In 10th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 545–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_52.

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Leonenko, Yuri. "Feasibility of Ex-Situ Dissolution for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration". In Cutting-Edge Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage, 47–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119363804.ch4.

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Doughty, Christine, e Larry R. Myer. "Scoping calculations on leakage of CO2 in geologic storage: The impact of overburden permeability, phase trapping, and dissolution". In Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon Cycle, 217–37. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gm000343.

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Bellocchi, Gianni, e Nazzareno Diodato. "Hydroclimatological Modelling of Organic Carbon Dissolution in Lake Maggiore, Northern Italy". In Storminess and Environmental Change, 215–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7948-8_15.

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Keir, R. S., e W. H. Berger. "Late Holocene Carbonate Dissolution in the Equatorial Pacific: Reef Growth or Neoglaciation?" In The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2 : Natural Variations Archean to Present, 208–19. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm032p0208.

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Umemoto, Minoru, Yoshikazu Todaka, Akifumi Ohno, Mayumi Suzuki e Koichi Tsuchiya. "Dissolution of Cementite in Carbon Steels by Heavy Deformation and Laser Heat Treatment". In Materials Science Forum, 461–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-985-7.461.

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Droxler, Andre W. "Last Deglaciation in the Bahamas: A Dissolution Record from Variations of Aragonite Content?" In The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2 : Natural Variations Archean to Present, 195–207. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm032p0195.

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von Morze, Cornelius, Galen D. Reed, Zhen J. Wang, Michael A. Ohliger e Christoffer Laustsen. "Hyperpolarized Carbon (13C) MRI of the Kidneys: Basic Concept". In Methods in Molecular Biology, 267–78. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_16.

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AbstractExisting clinical markers for renal disease are limited. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C MRI is based on the technology of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and provides new avenues for imaging kidney structure, function, and most notably, renal metabolism, addressing some of these prior limitations. Changes in kidney structure and function associated with kidney disease can be evaluated using [13C]urea, a metabolically inert tracer. Metabolic changes can be assessed using [1-13C]pyruvate and a range of other rapidly metabolized small molecules, which mainly probe central carbon metabolism. Results from numerous preclinical studies using a variety of these probes demonstrated that this approach holds great potential for monitoring renal disease, although more work is needed to bridge intelligently into clinical studies. Here we introduce the general concept of HP 13C MRI and review the most relevant probes and applications to renal disease, including kidney cancer, diabetic nephropathy and ischemic kidney injury.This chapter is based upon work from the PARENCHIMA COST Action, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.

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Kaszuba, John, Bruce Yardley e Muriel Andreani. "5. Experimental Perspectives of Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation due to Carbon Dioxide-Water-Rock Interactions". In Geochemistry of Geologic CO2 Sequestration, a cura di Donald J. DePaolo, David R. Cole, Alexandra Navrotsky e Ian C. Bourg, 153–88. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508073-007.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Carbon dissolution"

Taheri, Amir, Dag Wessel-Berg, Ole Torsaeter e Mansour Soroush. "The Effects of Anisotropy and Heterogeneity on CO2 Dissolution in Deep Saline Aquifers". In Carbon Management Technology Conference. Carbon Management Technology Conference, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7122/151345-ms.

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Tao, Qing, e Steven Lawrence Bryant. "Optimal Control of Injection/Extraction Wells for the Surface Dissolution CO2 Storage Strategy". In Carbon Management Technology Conference. Carbon Management Technology Conference, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7122/151370-ms.

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Pénicaud, Alain. "Dissolution Douce of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes". In ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF NOVEL NANOSTRUCTURES: XIX International Winterschool/Euroconference on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2103867.

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Elenius, M. T., J. M. Nordbotten e H. Kalisch. "Efficiency of Dissolution Trapping in Geological Carbon Storage". In ECMOR XIII - 13th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143246.

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Hagen, Cedric J., Jessica R. Creveling e Alan C. Mix. "SULFATE EVAPORITE DISSOLUTION, AOM, AND THE NEOPROTEROZOIC CARBON CYCLE". In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-324043.

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Abe, Satoru, Hideaki Okawa, Shigeo Hosokawa e Akio Tomiyama. "Dissolution of a Carbon Dioxide Bubble in a Vertical Pipe". In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37490.

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Dissolution of single carbon dioxide (CO2) bubbles in a vertical pipe of 25 mm in diameter are measured to examine the effects of the ratio λ of sphere–volume equivalent bubble diameter d to pipe diameter D, liquid Reynolds number ReL and surfactants on mass transfer. The bubble diameter d and Reynolds number ReL are varied from 5.0 to 26 mm (λ = 0.20 − 1.0) and from 0 to 3100, respectively. Millipore water, tap water and water contaminated with Triton X–100 are used for the liquid phase. Mass transfer coefficients kL are evaluated from changes in d. The kL decreases with increasing λ for bubbles in stagnant millipore water because of the decrease in bubble rising velocity due to the wall effect. Measured Sherwood numbers Sh do not depend on ReL because a turbulent fluctuation velocity in bulk liquid flow is much smaller than a relative velocity between a bubble and liquid. The mass transfer correlation for a bubble in a stagnant liquid proposed by Johnson et al. is applicable to a bubble in pipe flow, provided that a correct relative velocity between a bubble and liquid is substituted in the correlation. Due to the retardation of capillary wave, mass transfer coefficients for bubbles in contaminated water becomes smaller than those in millipore and tap waters.

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Pham, Victor Q., Gina L. Weibel, Nagesh G. Rao e Christopher K. Ober. "Dissolution rate measurements for resist processing in supercritical carbon dioxide". In SPIE's 27th Annual International Symposium on Microlithography, a cura di Theodore H. Fedynyshyn. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.474241.

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Said-Galiev, Ernest, Mikhail Buzin, Alexander Korlyukov, Mukhamed Keshtov, Alexei Khokhlov e Vyacheslav Buznik. "Dissolution, fractionating and functionalization of ultradispersed polytetrafluorethylene in supercritical carbon dioxide". In TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES 2014: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Times of Polymers (TOP) and Composites. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4876882.

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Ceyhan, Ismail, Ashok Kumar Santra e A. Stan Cullick. "Carbon Dioxide, Geochemical, and Rate-of-Dissolution Simulation for Deep Storage Environments". In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/141031-ms.

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Zweber, Amy E., e Ruben G. Carbonell. "Monitoring photoresist dissolution in supercritical carbon dioxide using a quartz crystal microbalance". In SPIE 31st International Symposium on Advanced Lithography, a cura di Qinghuang Lin. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.655659.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Carbon dissolution"

PIERCE, RA. Carbon Steel and Magnesium Oxide Dissolution for H-Canyon Process Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822944.

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Bergman, W., G. O. Nelson e K. Wilson. Development and evaluation of a carbon filter for removing DMSO vapor from the exhaust of the W79 HE dissolution workstation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3936.

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