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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Caractérisation non destructive par ultrasons (UNDE)"
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Tesi sul tema "Caractérisation non destructive par ultrasons (UNDE)"
Harizi, Walid. "Caractérisation de l'endommagement des composites à matrice polymère par une approche multi-technique non destructive". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VALE0033.
Testo completoThis innovative study consists to implement in the same experimental procedure three non destructive techniques simultaneously: acoustic emission, infrared thermography and ultrasonic waves for the characterization of damage in cross ply Polymer Composite Materials (PCM) [0/90]S. Each technique has demonstrated its potential to reveal the damage that depends on its intrinsic characteristics. Acoustic emission has been used in its classical form and coupled with a data classification obtained by k-means and Kohonen map. Infrared thermography has been studied using both passive and active forms, ultrasonic methods have been used by exploiting amplitude and velocity of longitudinal and Lamb waves respectively. It has been shown that the adopted multi-technique approach is veryinteresting to obtain a full diagnostic of the health state of the material before and after uniaxial mechanical loading. The “complementarity” aspect between the three used techniques is showed more interesting that “redundancy” aspect. The data fusion theory was used to have a reliable, comprehensive and credible decision about the different damage mechanisms may appear in PCM material. This has been possible only for the two imaging techniques, ultrasonic C-scan and infrared thermography. All in all, the results show that these three techniques are potentially able to describe the damage state of the material, but they don’t quantify it with the same manner
Aoujdad, Khalid. "Caractérisatiοns ultrasοnοres du vieillissement de pales d’hydroliennes et d’éoliennes en milieu marin. : Cοnfrοntatiοn aux essais mécaniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH24.
Testo completoThis thesis discusses the ultrasonic non-destructive characterization of representative samples of offshore wind turbine blades. The samples are made of composite materials based on Unidirectional Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyester (UD GFRP). Samples are subjected to accelerated aging in heated seawater at 40°C and 60°C, in order to simulate the marine environment and reduce study times. The aim is to find acoustic parameters sensitive to aging, enabling the effect of aging to be assessed or quantified. Lamb's guided wave analysis showed a decrease in mode phase velocities and Rayleigh velocity, as well as an increase in attenuation in the material, indicating that the mechanical properties of the material are degrading due to aging. C-scan imaging shows degradation of the resin, leading to reorganization of the fibers and changes in their alignment. Finite element numerical modelling of guided wave propagation in these materials has shown that the structural and geometric properties of the materials degrade with age. The parameters most affected are the elasticity constants, as well as the density for stronger and longer aging. Finally, the number of reinforcement plies in a sample plays an important role in its resistance to aging
Bustillo, Julien. "Caractérisation non destructive du silicium poreux par méthode ultrasonore". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4026/document.
Testo completoPorous silicon is a material that is currently used in many fields such as biology and microelectronics, thanks to its remarkable properties. Non-destructive characterization of this kind of material is still limited, mostly due to thickness of porous layer and pore size. The aim of this work is the development of an ultrasonic characterization method to allow monitoring of in situ etching in real time. First, the study of electrochemical etching and tanks where it is made to have the estimated microgeometric parameters of the porous layer. Through knowledge of the pore size and orientation, the mechanical constants md the values of permeability and tortuosity are estimated. Second, propagation of the ultrasonic waves within the material bi-porous Si-Si layer is examined. Modelling of the porous i layer is performed through the Biot model to estimate the longitudinal speed to calculate the theoretical spectrum transmission through the etched wafer. A measurement using an insertion-substitution method allows a determination of transmission spectrum. The parameters of the porous layer (thickness and porosity ) are determined by an inverse problem resolution, based on a genetic algorithm. A comparison with destructive measurements shows the interest of the ultrasonic measurement
Shaira, Maher. "Caractérisation non destructive de la transformation martensitique de l'acier 304L induite par déformation cyclique". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0087/these.pdf.
Testo completoThree different non-destructive evaluation techniques have been applied to the monitoring of cyclic-strain-induced martensitic transformation in austenitic stainless steel 304L, namely ultrasonic measurements, eddy current characterisation and acoustic emission. They have been backed up by metallographic observations and made quantitative by comparison with X-ray diffraction measurements. In the low-cycle fatigue that was studied (cyclic strain 0. 5 %, fracture in about 1000 cycles), a significant amount of martensite is formed. But it is heterogeneously distributed: early transformation in the corners of rectangular-section tensile specimens, slower transformation close to the flat free surfaces and even slower in bulk. Considering this heterogeneity, global ultrasonic measurements are not adapted: they only detect damage through an increase of attenuation. On the other hand, local measurements with an eddy current probe proved sensitive to the martensitic transformation and even quantitative. Acoustic emission is a global collection of the local bursts in the sample, that can be caused by plasticity, damage growth (microcracks) and martensitic transformation. Three classes were sorted and attributed to each of these phenomena. It is possible to distinguish damage from martensitic transformation, and the rate of transformation is consistent with the one evaluation by eddy currents on the same sample. The interest and potential of a combination of these non-destructive techniques has therefore been demonstrated, as it had been on a previous concrete sample using ultrasounds and acoustic emission
Dubuget, Matthieu. "Evaluation non destructive des matériaux par ultrasons : caractérisation de l'état initial et suivi sous charge des propriétés d'élasticité linéaire et non linéaire d'alliages d'aluminium". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0101.
Testo completoThe first aim of this work is to evaluate the linear and nonlinear elastic properties of weak anisotropic aluminium alloys at their initial state and to follow their evolution during a plastic strain. Considering this aim, an instrumentation was implemented, composed of an ultrasonic tank combined with a tensile machine. This device allows the measurement under load of the ultrasonic velocity for various directions of propagation through the material. Without the load, the inverse problem, that is to say the determination of the elastic constants from the ultrasonic velocities was solved by means of a three-dimensional optimization. This method has been checked by simulation, and the nine elastic constants of orthotropic materials (composites) and quasi-isotropic materials (aluminium alloys) were determined. The associated uncertainties were evaluated too, using a Monte-Carlo statistic method. Under load, the anisotropy induced by an elastic deformation was studied, and the third order elastic constants of aluminum alloys were determined by an optimization on the acoustoelastic responses. For small plastic strains, the effect of dislocations on ultrasonic velocities was pointed out. The effect of the plastic strain on the third order elastic constants was examined through the nonlinearity parameter. For large plastic strains, the in situ characterization proved difficult, principally because of the nonuniformity of the plastic strain in the area of measurement. After the test pieces have been machined, small variations of the ultrasonic velocity and of the second order elastic constants with plastic strain were detected. Despite how difficult it is to evaluate aluminium alloys being damaged by means of ultrasonic waves, the precision of the instrumentation allowed us to acquire these parameters, attesting to the anisotropy of the damage
Ostiguy, Pierre-Claude. "Effet de la composition des matériaux composites sur la caractérisation et détection par ondes de Lamb". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5524.
Testo completoDespres, Clément. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par ondes ultrasonores guidées sans contact et avec accès unilatéral". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0339.
Testo completoThis thesis project is motivated by a strong industrial demand for a non-destructive, contact-less process, with single-sided access to samples and relatively easy to implement, to quantify elastic moduli and thickness of materials, particularly of composites (fibrous materials, bonded assemblies). The work carried out led to the design and development of a pair of air-coupled ultrasonic transducers, dedicated to the simultaneous generation and detection of guided waves along composite plates. The dependence of the wavenumber of guided modes on the elastic moduli of the material constituting all or part of the guide, as well as on its thickness, was first studied using a model that predicts the sensitivity of Lamb wave mode wavenumbers to the material's properties. This allowed for the identification of the target modes that carry the most information about the desired properties, i.e., stiffness and/or thickness, with the density being systematically assumed to be known in the chosen approach. This knowledge, combined with a series of numerical simulations mimicking the experimental process, served as a basis for designing the most suitable ultrasonic transducers for the generation and detection of the relevant modes. More specifically, the optimal shape, size, and angular aperture of the transducers were thus defined. The transducers were then manufactured and characterized (measuring their frequency bandwidth and angular spectrum). Their first use involved simultaneously generating and detecting five Lamb modes along a Plexiglas plate (isotropic with known properties). The measured ultrasonic signals were processed to extract the wavenumbers of the propagated modes within a frequency range of a few hundred kHz. These experimental data were then used to solve an inverse problem aimed at determining the elastic moduli and thickness of the plate. Several optimization algorithms were tested, and the most efficient one (fast and robust with respect to the initial values chosen) was selected. The stiffness moduli and thickness of the Plexiglas plate were successfully recovered. Next, the process was tested for two composite assemblies: a stratified plate made up of unidirectional carbon epoxy and an aluminum/adhesive/aluminum tri-layer assembly. In the first case, six elastic moduli were evaluated from measurements of three or four Lamb modes propagating along two directions. For the second assembly, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio as well as the thickness of the adhesive were estimated, assuming the characteristics of both aluminum substrates were known. All the optimized values have been validated by characterization made with existing, robust processes, but operating in immersion and requiring through-transmission
Ndiaye, Elhadji Barra. "Contrôle santé de structures sandwichs composites, caractérisation et évaluation non destructives de l’adhésion et du vieillissement : simulations par éléments finis et expérimentation par mesure d’impédance et par ultrasons multiéléments". Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0007/document.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) of composite materials contributing in part to the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM). Specifically, adhesion phenomena and aging of composite sandwich core honeycomb structures are of crucial interest for aeronautics. The properties related to these two phenomena were studied using theoretical models, numerical simulations and experimental results. Based on previous works, using Lamb waves allow to characterize adhesion and aging. Additional simulations were carried out with the finite element software Comsol Multiphysics©. Adhesion defects such as delamination or debonding at the interfaces have been detected and located by means of the Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT) by sliding window, both numerically and experimentally. In view of NDT industrial rates, phased array transducers allow inspection and characterization of local bonding. By comparison, the Debye series method (DSM) was conducted locally to solve the inverse problem of a cut plane of a honeycomb composite. First, sandwich structure aging was investigated using Lamb waves in the air. Second, the aging was evaluated by measuring the electromechanical impedance of a transducer in contact with the samples. These experimental results show that the resonance frequencies and widths variations depend on the degree of porosity, indicating the sensitivity of these methods to the aging