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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Capsules"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 4 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Capsules"

Gounley, John, e Yan Peng. "Shape Recovery of Elastic Capsules from Shear Flow Induced Deformation". Communications in Computational Physics 16, n. 1 (luglio 2014): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.220513.151113a.

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AbstractRed blood cells undergo substantial shape changes in vivo. Modeled as a viscoelastic capsule, their deformation and equilibrium behavior has been extensively studied. We consider how 2D capsules recover their shape, after having been deformed to ‘equilibrium’ behavior by shear flow. The fluid-structure interaction is modeled using the multiple-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann (LBM) and immersed boundary (IBM) methods. Characterizing the capsule’s shape recovery with the Taylor deformation parameter, we find that a single exponential decay model suffices to describe the recovery of a circular capsule. However, for biconcave capsules whose equilibrium behaviors are tank-treading and tumbling, we posit a two-part recovery, modeled with a pair of exponential decay functions. We consider how these two recovery modes depend on the capsule’s shear elasticity, membrane viscosity, and bending stiffness, along with the ratio of the viscosity of the fluid inside the capsule to the ambient fluid viscosity. We find that the initial recovery mode for a tank-treading biconcave capsule is dominated by shear elasticity and membrane viscosity. On the other hand, the latter recovery mode for both tumbling and tank-treading capsules, depends clearly on shear elasticity, bending stiffness, and the viscosity ratio.

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Pervaiz, Fahad, Sana Ali Zahra, Fariah Qaiser, Syeda Komal Fatima e Rabbia Mazhar Khan. "Characterization and Evaluation of Capsules and Study of QC tests for Capsules". Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review III, n. I (30 dicembre 2018): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2018(iii-i).02.

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Using the capsule as a dosage form dates back to the early pharmacy days; from those days, the capsule preparation process is greatly evolved in order to meet the current needs of patients and the pharmaceutical industry. Currently, all pharmaceutical industries are making a dynamic change in the specifications of particular dosage forms such as capsules. It has become more difficult to obtain the higher valued drug product from the dosage form, along with the potential for improved delivery that can improve clinical outcomes. In addition, the capsules have played a significant role in drug development because of the hand filling or the production of semiautomatic capsular formulations, which have fewer requirements, and can be developed easily. The article will discuss different tests like Universal tests and specific tests, particularly for capsules, performed prior to the release of the batch to ensure efficacy and safety.

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Rump, Adrian, Marie-Luise Kromrey, Eberhard Scheuch, Vincent Jannin, Lara Rehenbrock, Mladen Vassilev Tzvetkov, Werner Weitschies e Michael Grimm. "In Vivo Evaluation of a Gastro-Resistant HPMC-Based “Next Generation Enteric” Capsule". Pharmaceutics 14, n. 10 (21 settembre 2022): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14101999.

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Many orally dosed APIs are bioavailable only when formulated as an enteric dosage form to protect them from the harsh environment of the stomach. However, an enteric formulation is often accompanied with a higher development effort in the first place and the potential degradation of fragile APIs during the coating process. Ready-to-use enteric hard capsules would be an easily available alternative to test and develop APIs in enteric formulations, while decreasing the time and cost of process development. In this regard, Lonza Capsugel® Next Generation Enteric capsules offer a promising approach as functional capsules. The in vivo performance of these capsules was observed with two independent techniques (MRI and caffeine in saliva) in eight human volunteers. No disintegration or content release in the stomach was observed, even after highly variable individual gastric residence times (range 7.5 to 82.5 min), indicating the reliable enteric properties of these capsules. Seven capsules disintegrated in the distal part of the small intestine; one capsule showed an uncommonly fast intestinal transit (15 min) and disintegrated in the colon. The results for this latter capsule by MRI and caffeine appearance differed dramatically, whereas for all other capsules disintegrating in the small intestine, the results were very comparable, which highlights the necessity for reliable and complementary measurement methods. No correlation could be found between the gastric residence time and disintegration after gastric emptying, which confirms the robust enteric formulation of those capsules.

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Gupta, Shallini, Kanika Khajuria, Niraj Kumar e Vijay Khajuria. "Evaluation of capsule labelling for its wall contents as gelatin or non gelatin". International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, n. 7 (22 giugno 2018): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20182687.

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Background: Capsules are the most commonly used solid drug dosage form and are made up of gelatin or non gelatin. Currently the gelatin based capsules drug formulations are more used. However, current issue of vegetarian and non vegetarian capsules has come up due to recent Indian government initiative to promote vegetarian capsules.Methods: There were 100 capsule dosage forms were examined for the gelatin or HPMC wall contents and nature of medicine contained in capsules, whether ayurvedic or allopathic.Results: Out of 100 capsules studied 55 had gelatin wall base while 25 had HPMC and 20 capsule labels did not mention the nature of capsule wall constituent. Out of 55 gelatin capsules 30 were of allopathic while 25 capsules were of ayurvedic medicines. Among HPMC, 15 were ayurvedic while 10 allopathic. 20 capsules had no mention of its constituent and among these non labelled capsule formulations had 11 from ayurvedic and 9 from allopathic medicines.Conclusions: The current study revealed that gelatin capsules forms bulk in Indian market. Even the gelatin capsules contained ayurvedic medicines while 10% of HPMC capsules contained allopathic medicines. Non labelled capsules formed 20% of total capsules. These findings suggest wider scope for promotion of HPMC based capsules.

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Rump, Adrian, Franziska N. Weiss, Louisa Schulz, Marie-Luise Kromrey, Eberhard Scheuch, Mladen V. Tzvetkov, Tyler White et al. "The Effect of Capsule-in-Capsule Combinations on In Vivo Disintegration in Human Volunteers: A Combined Imaging and Salivary Tracer Study". Pharmaceutics 13, n. 12 (25 novembre 2021): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122002.

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Controlling the time point and site of the release of active ingredients within the gastrointestinal tract after administration of oral delivery systems is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of the combination of small capsules (size 3) and large capsules (size 00) on the disintegration site and time was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with a salivary tracer technique. As capsule shells, Vcaps® HPMC capsules, Vcaps® Plus HPMC capsules, gelatin and DRcaps® designed release capsules were used. The three HPMC-based capsules (Vcaps®, Vcaps® Plus and DRcaps® capsules) were tested as single capsules; furthermore, seven DUOCAP® capsule-in-capsule combinations were tested in a 10-way crossover open-label study in six healthy volunteers. The capsules contained iron oxide and hibiscus tea powder as tracers for visualization in MRI, and two different caffeine species (natural caffeine and 13C3) to follow caffeine release and absorption as measured by salivary levels. Results showed that the timing and location of disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract can be measured and differed when using different combinations of capsule shells. Increased variability among the six subjects was observed in most of the capsule combinations. The lowest variability in gastrointestinal localization of disintegration was observed for the DUOCAP® capsule-in-capsule configuration using a DRcaps® designed release capsule within a DRcaps® designed release outer capsule. In this combination, the inner DRcaps® designed release capsule always opened reliably after reaching the ileum. Thus, this combination enables targeted delivery to the distal small intestine. Among the single capsules tested, Vcaps® Plus HPMC capsules showed the fastest and most consistent disintegration.

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Koolivand, Abdollah, e Panagiotis Dimitrakopoulos. "Motion of an Elastic Capsule in a Trapezoidal Microchannel under Stokes Flow Conditions". Polymers 12, n. 5 (17 maggio 2020): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051144.

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Even though the research interest in the last decades has been mainly focused on the capsule dynamics in cylindrical or rectangular ducts, channels with asymmetric cross-sections may also be desirable especially for capsule migration and sorting. Therefore, in the present study we investigate computationally the motion of an elastic spherical capsule in an isosceles trapezoidal microchannel at low and moderate flow rates under the Stokes regime. The steady-state capsule location is quite close to the location where the single-phase velocity of the surrounding fluid is maximized. Owing to the asymmetry of the trapezoidal channel, the capsule’s steady-state shape is asymmetric while its membrane slowly tank-treads. In addition, our investigation reveals that tall trapezoidal channels with low base ratios produce significant off-center migration for large capsules compared to that for smaller capsules for a given channel length. Thus, we propose a microdevice for the sorting of artificial and physiological capsules based on their size, by utilizing tall trapezoidal microchannels with low base ratios. The proposed sorting microdevice can be readily produced via glass fabrication or as a microfluidic device via micromilling, while the required flow conditions do not cause membrane rupture.

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Jann, Klaus, e Barbara Jann. "Capsules of Escherichia coli, expression and biological significance". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, n. 7 (1 luglio 1992): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-116.

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Escherichia coli may cause intestinal or extraintestinal infections. Generally, extraintestinal E. coli are encapsulated. The capsules are important virulence determinants, which enable the pathogenic bacteria to evade or counteract the unspecific host defense during the early (preimmune) phase of infection. They interfere with the action of complement and phagocytes. This effect is generally transient and overcome by capsule-specific antibodies in the immune phase of the host defense. In some cases, capsules are not or only poorly immunogenic, as a result of structural relationship or identity with host material. Strains with such capsules (e.g., K1 or K5) are very virulent. Bacterial capsules consist of acidic polysaccharides, which are made up from oligosaccharide repeating units. The capsules of E. coli are divided into two groups, which differ in chemistry, biochemistry, and genetic organization. All capsular polysaccharides are chromosomally determined: those of group I close to his and those of group II close to serA. The biosynthesis and surface expression have been extensively studied with representatives of group II capsular polysaccharides. It could be shown that their biosynthesis is directed from a gene block that determines the synthesis of the polysaccharide, its translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane, as well as its surface expression in a coordinate process. The chemical nature of group II capsular polysaccharides, as well as the mechanism(s) of their biosynthesis and expression, is presented. Key words: Escherichia coli, capsular polysaccharides, structure, genetics, biology.

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Cordero, Radames J. B., Bruno Pontes, Allan J. Guimarães, Luis R. Martinez, Johanna Rivera, Bettina C. Fries, Leonardo Nimrichter, Marcio L. Rodrigues, Nathan B. Viana e Arturo Casadevall. "Chronological Aging Is Associated with Biophysical and Chemical Changes in the Capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans". Infection and Immunity 79, n. 12 (3 ottobre 2011): 4990–5000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05789-11.

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ABSTRACTDoes the age of a microbial cell affect its virulence factors? To our knowledge, this question has not been addressed previously, but the answer is of great relevance for chronic infections where microbial cells persist and age in hosts.Cryptococcus neoformansis an encapsulated human-pathogenic fungus notorious for causing chronic infections where cells of variable age persist in tissue. The major virulence factor forC. neoformansis a polysaccharide (PS) capsule. To understand how chronological age could impact the cryptococcal capsule properties, we compared the elastic properties, permeabilities, zeta potentials, and glycosidic compositions of capsules from young and old cells and found significant differences in all parameters measured. Changes in capsular properties were paralleled by changes in PS molecular mass and density, as well as modified antigenic density and antiphagocytic properties. Remarkably, chronological aging under stationary-phase growth conditions was associated with the expression of α-1,3-glucans in the capsule, indicating a new structural capsular component. Our results establish that cryptococcal capsules are highly dynamic structures that change dramatically with chronological aging under prolonged stationary-phase growth conditions. Changes associated with cellular aging in chronic infections could contribute to the remarkable capacity of this fungus to persist in tissues by generating phenotypically and antigenically different capsules.

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Choi, Yun-Wang, Cheol-Gyu Kim, Eun-Joon Nam e Sung-Rok Oh. "An Experimental Study on the Healing Performance of Complex Capsules Using Multiphase Inorganic Materials for Crack Self-Healing of Cement Mortars". Materials 15, n. 24 (9 dicembre 2022): 8819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248819.

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Recently, a self-healing technique capable of repairing cracks in structures has emerged. Among various self-healing technologies, self-healing capsules can be largely classified into two types, depending on the phase of the core material: solid capsules, in which the core material is a powder; and microcapsules, in which the core material is a liquid. Solid capsules and microcapsules have different mechanisms, and their capsule sizes are also distinctly different. This suggests that each has advantages and disadvantages. Most of the studies known to date have utilized single capsules. However, if one uses a mixture of the two types of capsules, it is possible to highlight the strengths of each capsule and compensate for the weaknesses. Therefore, in this study, the first research on complex capsules that mixed solid capsules and microcapsules was attempted. As a result of the experiment, the complex capsule slightly reduced the fluidity of the mortar, but the effect was not significant. Moreover, the complex capsule tended to reduce the compressive strength of the mortar. In particular, it was found that the effect of solid capsules on the reduction in compressive strength among complex capsules was greater than that of microcapsules. Conversely, the healing performance increased when the ratio of solid capsules in the complex capsules was large.

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Marshall, Joanna M., e John S. Gunn. "The O-Antigen Capsule of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Facilitates Serum Resistance and Surface Expression of FliC". Infection and Immunity 83, n. 10 (20 luglio 2015): 3946–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00634-15.

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Group IV polysaccharide capsules are common in enteric bacteria and have more recently been described in nontyphoidalSalmonellaspecies. Such capsules are known as O-antigen (O-Ag) capsules, due to their high degree of similarity to the O-Ag of the lipopolysaccharide (LPSO-Ag). Capsular polysaccharides are known virulence factors of many bacterial pathogens, facilitating evasion of immune recognition and systemic dissemination within the host. Previous studies on the O-Ag capsule of salmonellae have focused primarily on its role in bacterial surface attachment and chronic infection; however, the potential effects of the O-Ag capsule on acute pathogenesis have yet to be investigated. While much of thein vivoinnate immune resistance ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium is attributed to the high-molecular-weight LPS, we hypothesized that the O-Ag capsule may enhance this resistance by diminishing surface expression of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as flagella, and increasing resistance to host immune molecules. To test this hypothesis, O-Ag capsule-deficient mutants were constructed, and the loss of O-Ag capsular surface expression was confirmed through microscopy and immunoblotting. Loss of O-Ag capsule production did not alter bacterial growth or production of LPS. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy revealed that O-Ag capsule-deficient mutants demonstrate reduced resistance to killing by human serum. Furthermore, O-Ag capsule-deficient mutants produced exclusively phase I flagellin (FliC). Although O-Ag capsule-deficient mutants did not exhibit reduced virulence in a murine model of acute infection,in vitroresults indicate that the O-Ag capsule may function to modify the antigenic nature of the bacterial surface, warranting additional investigation of a potential role of the structure in pathogenesis.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Capsules"

Hadjialirezaei, Soosan. "Coating of alginate capsules". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bioteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22908.

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Alginate is a popular candidate for encapsulation of cells due to the formation of gels with divalent ions under physiological conditions. Stable alginate gels can be formed by the selection of alginates with a high content of guluronic acid (G) and gelling in a mixture of calcium and barium. These alginate gels have been proposed as immune protective barriers for the transplantation of human pancreatic islets (insulin producing cells) for the treatment of type 1 diabetes where the alginate gel protects the transplant from the host immune system. Microencapsulation can thus provide a way to overcome the need for immunosuppressive drugs. Although showing promising results in animal models, there are potential limitations of the Ca2+/Ba2+-beads concerning growth of host cells on the surface of capsules in primate models. Development of coating strategies for alginate based capsules could thus be beneficial for reducing the attachment of host cells. Alginate microbeads/capsules were formed by electrostatic bead generator producing beads of 400µm. Afterward, the alginate beads were coated by fluoresceinamine labeled alginate that was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and quantified by fluorescent spectroscopy. The binding of coating alginate to alginate-poly-L-lysine (PLL) capsules was also studied.In this project, in the optimalisation of coating of alginate beads some parameters were studies such as concentration of coating alginate, different gelling ions both for core and coating alginate, exposure time for gelling solution for fixation of coating layer and different washing solution.The long-term stability of coating layer of coated alginate beads was determined by measuring the fluorescent intensity of fluorescently labeled of coating alginate during a period of forty nine days. A stability study of alginate-alginate capsules revealed that Ca2+/Ba2+ alginate coated with high-G alginate and washed with saline and used Ca2+ and Ba2+ with ratio 50:1 for fixation of coating layer were more stable coating than other capsules. The alginate beads coated with high-M or epimerized alginate were produced. It shows higher intensity of coating layer in both capsules coated with high-M or epimerized alginate than alginate beads coated with high-G alginate. In continue of the study, the alginate-PLL capsules were coated with high-G, high-M, and epimerized and sulfated alginate. Alginate-PLL capsules coated with high-G, high-M and epimerized alginate shows no detective signal by confocal images and sulfated alginate coating shows some signal of coating. The stability of coating for alginate-PLL-alginate capsules and alginate beads coated with epimerized or high-M alginate revealed that both kind of coating have high-stability over one week screening.Three dimensional images of capsules, in confocal microscope, both epimerized and high-M coating alginates cover whole of capsules. However, in 3D images we have seen some fragment of coating gelling in the surround solution and attached to the capsules which can make disturbance in spectroscopy measurement. 3D images of alginate-PLL capsules coated with sulfated alginate show evenly distribution of coating.

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Haener, Edgar. "Microfluidic segregation of capsules". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/microfluidic-segregation-of-capsules(a7e001f1-536c-475d-83d5-82aaa4098f5b).html.

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This thesis investigates the transport and sorting of capsules (elastic membranes enclosing a liquid core) using viscous flow in complex vessel geometries. Of particular interest is passive sorting by deformability using only the fluid-structure interaction between the capsule, the viscous fluid and the geometry of the vessel. Millimetric alginate-ovalbumin capsules in the regime of negligible fluid inertia are used in this work. In order to characterise the elastic properties of the capsules, a novel numerical finite element model of the compression of a thick-shelled capsule between parallel plates is implemented. The constitutive model of the capsule membranes was determined by comparison to experimental data: a Yeoh constitutive model with the ratio of constants $C_1 = 1$, $C_2 = 0$ and $C_3 = 10$ describes the capsules used. Three geometries are investigated in this work. (i) A T-Junction bifurcation. Capsule deformation in the T-Junction bifurcation is characterised by the maximal length of the capsule $L_{max}$ and depends on the ratio of viscous to elastic forces, the capillary number $Ca$. The maximal length, $L_{max}$, is especially sensitive at distinguishing soft capsules by their deformability. The sensitivity of $L_{max}$ to capsule compliance and the large deformations that can be achieved makes the T-junction a promising geometry in which to measure elastic properties of the capsules. The rate of relaxation of the capsules after the bifurcation is independent of their deformation. (ii) A half-cylinder obstacle in a channel followed by a sudden expansion. We show that the half-cylinder obstacle causes capsule trajectories to vary depending on deformability. Capsules with a factor of three difference in deformability can be separated. A practical feature of the system is its relative insensitivity to the initial lateral position of the capsules in the channel. However, while the results are reproducible across different capsules, the variations in final position amount to 10 \% at fixed parameters. As these experiments were conducted with the same capsule under identical flow conditions, this is likely to represent the best case scenario. (iii) We adapt the pinched flow fractionation (PFF) geometry to the sorting of capsules. We show that the standard PFF device cannot be used to sort capsules. However, a novel mode of operation, termed the ``T-Junction'' mode, shows great promise for the sorting of capsules. The PFF device in the T-Junction mode separates capsules with a factor of 1.5 difference in deformability. This is twice as sensitive as the half-cylinder device, although larger variability was observed in the PFF device.

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O'leary, Brendan M. (Brendan Michael) 1972. "Self-assembling molecular capsules". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85343.

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Hélaine, Nelson. "Analyseur optofluidique pour capsules cellulaires". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0158.

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Ce travail de thèse consiste en la conception et l’utilisation d’un système d’analyse d’agrégats multicellulaires par mesure de l’atténuation de la lumière. La technologie des capsules cellulaires brevetée au sein de l’équipe d’accueil peut générer plusieurs milliers de sphéroïdes/organoïdes en quelques secondes. L’objectif est ici de caractériser ces échantillons submillimétriques encapsulés dans une coque transparente par une mesure de leur rayon et de leur coefficient d’atténuation, sans recourir à une technique d’imagerie intrinsèquement lente et bas débit. Pour exploiter le fait que la technique de production est à haut débit, nous proposons de développer un analyseur optofluidique inspiré dans son principe de fonctionnement des cytomètres classiques, mais sans marquage fluorescent des échantillons. Nous avons tout d’abord simulé l’interaction d’un faisceau laser gaussien avec une sphère de rayon et coefficient d’atténuation connus, puis développé le module optique de détection. Les mesures expérimentales ont été confrontées aux simulations pour valider notre approche. Ensuite, nous avons conçu un circuit microfluidique capable de convoyer les capsules cellulaires pesantes au travers du faisceau en utilisant une approche par impression 3D. Enfin, notre système optique a été combiné au module fluidique et modifié pour déterminer la vitesse de déplacement de chaque capsule convoyée au moment de son interaction avec le faisceau d’interrogation. Nous apportons la preuve de concept que le caractère haut-débit d’un tel instrument permet d’analyser un très grand nombre d’échantillons (plusieurs milliers) en peu de temps (quelques heures). L’instrument présenté a été utilisé pour déterminer les courbes de croissance de deux lignées cellulaires de lymphocytes tumoraux (tumeurs « liquides »), ainsi que des modifications de coefficient d’atténuation liées à la fixation sur cellules hépatiques tumorales ou à la stimulation chimique de cellules souches adipeuses qui génèrent des chapelets de gouttelettes lipidiques au cours de leur différenciation. La sensibilité de notre instrument laisse envisager son utilisation dans le cadre d’essais précliniques sur des agrégats de cellules tumorales, afin de déterminer la croissance de ces « micro-tumeurs » et donc estimer l’efficacité de traitements de chimiothérapie par exemple. Enfin, un aspect « open source » a été souhaité dans la conception de l’infrastructure électronique et informatique du prototype, ouvrant ce travail à la copie et l’amélioration, notamment par l’ajout d’un module de tri d’échantillons
This work consists in the design and use of a micro-device dedicated to the analysis of multicellular aggregates based on the measure of light attenuation. The celllular capsule technology, which was patented by the host team, can generate several thousand spheroids/organoids in a few seconds. Our objective is to characterize these submillimetric samples encapsulated in a transparent shell by measuring their radius and extinction coefficient without resorting to an inherently slow and low throughput imaging technique. To exploit the high throughput capabilities of the technique, we propose to develop a fluorescence-free optofluidic analyzer inspired from classical cytometers. We first simulated the interaction of a Gaussian laser beam with a sphere of known radius and extinction coefficient and developed the optical detection module. Experimental measurements were compared with simulations to validate our approach. Then, we designed a microfluidic device aimed at conveying the heavy cellular capsules through the beam using a 3D printing approach. Finally, our optical system was combined with the fluidic module and modified to determine the displacement speed of each conveyed capsule as it interacts with the laser beam. We provide a proof of concept that the high throughput of such an instrument allows the analysis of a very large number of samples (several thousands) in a short time (a few hours). The instrument was then used to determine the growth curves of two tumor lymphocyte cell lines ("liquid" tumors), as well as the modifications in the extinction coefficients when cancer cells are fixed and when adipose stem cells undergo differentiation into adipocytes that store lipid droplets. The sensitivity of our instrument is compatible with a further use in pre-clinical trials on tumour cell aggregates to estimate the efficacy of chemotherapy treatments for instance. Finally, an "open source" dimension was integrated into the design of the electronic and software parts of the project to promote copying and improvement, e.g through the addition of a sorting module

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Baillot, Marion. "Capsules hybrides à libération provoquée". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0391/document.

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L’encapsulation est une technique employée couramment par le milieu industriel, notamment dans le domaine du médical, de la parfumerie ou de la cosmétique. Afin de répondre aux attentes et de proposer des capsules modulables pour tous types d’applications, des capsules de type coeur-écorce ont été élaborées au cours de cette thèse. Elles sont obtenues à partir d’émulsion dont le coeur huileux est enrobé par une coque de silice, via la minéralisation de l’interface eau-huile. Les émulsions de Pickering, stabilisées par des particules colloïdales, sont particulièrement stables et intéressantes pour cette étude. Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre, dans un premier temps, les mécanismes fondamentaux impliqués dans le processus de fabrication. Cela a permis d’élaborer, par la suite, des matériaux hybrides complexes à différentes échelles, du micrométrique au nanométrique,mais également d’établir les mécanismes de libération par un stimulus externe. Enfin, une encapsulation maîtrisée permet d’allier stabilité au stockage et destruction rapide ou contrôlée à l’utilisation. Ainsi, par diverses méthodes définies dès la formulation de l’émulsion initiale, le contenu huileux des capsules peut être libéré de manière provoquée par une action mécanique ou par l’augmentation de la température (macroscopique ou local par hyperthermie magnétique)
Encapsulation is a technique used in the industry, in particular in the field of medical,perfumery or cosmetics. In order to meet the expectations and propose adaptable capsules for all types of applications, core-shell capsules type were developed during this thesis.There were based on emulsions science with an oily core coated by a silica shell,synthetized by sol-gel chemistry at the oil-water interface. Pickering emulsions, which are emulsions stabilized by colloidal particles, are particularly stable and interesting for this study. The aim of this thesis is to understand, at first, the fundamental mechanisms involved in the manufacturing process. This made it possible to develop complex hybrid materials at different scales, from micrometric to nanometric, but also to establish the releasing mechanisms by an external stimulus. Thanks to a controlled encapsulation, it is possible to combine stability (storage) and rapid or controlled destruction when used. Thus, by various method, defined from the formulation of the initial emulsion, the releasing of the oily contentcan be caused by mechanical action or by an temperature increased (macroscopically orlocally by magnetic hyperthermia)

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Ali, Mir Mukkaram Stöver Harald D. H. "Polymer capsules by living radical polymerization /". *McMaster only, 2004.

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Gebre-Mariam, T. "Drug migration in soft gelatin capsules". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381225.

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Stasse, Margot. "Encapsulation d'espèces lipophiles actives par émulsion double". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0030/document.

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De nos jours, l’encapsulation est une technique très répandue dans le domaine de la parfumerie. En effet, elle permet une libération contrôlée du parfum et une protection des molécules de parfumerie qui peuvent s’oxyder avec le temps. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de mettre au point un nouveau concept de capsules fondé sur la formulation d’émulsions doubles huile-dans-eau-dans-huile et de polymériser la phase aqueuse intermédiaire. Les phases huiles, intérieure et extérieure, sont respectivement constituées du parfum et d’un solvant de parfumerie. La phase aqueuse est, elle, composée de monomères hydrophiles dont la polymérisation radicalaire permet l’obtention d’une matrice polymère plus ou moins diffusive vis-à-vis du parfum. L’intérêt de ce nouveau principe d’encapsulation est de séparer la polymérisation et les molécules de parfumerie qui peuvent être réactives en polymérisation radicalaire en les localisant dans des compartiments distincts et ainsi éviter toute interaction. Cette stratégie qui combine la Science des Emulsions, des Polymères et des Parfums et la Formulation a permis l’élaboration de capsules robustes possédant des propriétés de libération progressive par diffusion et de libération provoquée par application d'une contrainte mécanique sans altérer l'intégrité des capsules. Elles se comportent alors comme des micro-éponges capables de se déformer et de reprendre leur forme initiale. Dans ce schéma général, les propriétés peuvent être modulées plus finement par le choix et les concentrations des réactifs lors de la synthèse
Nowadays, encapsulation is a widespread technology in fragrance applications. Indeed, it allows control of the fragrance release as well as protection of the fragrance molecules with respect to oxidation. The objective of this PhD is the development of a new concept of encapsulation based on the formulation of double oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion and the polymerization of the intermediate aqueous phase. The two, internal and external, oil phases, , are respectively the fragrance and perfume solvent while the aqueous phase is composed of hydrophilic monomers leading to a more or less fragrance-diffusive polymer matrix after their radical polymerization. The main advantage of this encapsulation principle is to locate the polymerization and the possibly reactive fragrance’s molecules in separate compartments. This strategy which combines the Sciences of Emulsion, Polymers and Fragrance but also the Formulation allows obtaining robust capsules exhibiting both diffusive properties and a triggered release under a mechanical stress. These capsules behaves as micrometric sponges that can deform and restore their initial state.. In this general scheme, the capsules' properties can be tuned by an appropriate choice of the polymerization reactants and their concentrations

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Peña, Castellanos Brisa Marisol. "Preparation and characterization of psf/vanillin capsules". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84027.

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La industria de detergentes y suavizantes de ropas ha ido incorporado en sus procesos la tecnología de microencapsulación de perfumes. Esta tecnología permite proteger los compuestos volátiles antes, durante y después de los procesos industriales; además, también protege las fragancias durante el ciclo de lavado; asimismo, ofrece una liberación prolongada del perfume durante el secado y almacenamiento de la ropa, haciendo que la fragancia se perciba por más tiempo. Sin embargo, algunas de las cápsulas industriales presentan una serie de desventajas tales como una baja estabilidad del material de la cápsula, una baja capacidad de encapsulación y además con el método industrial de encapsulación que actualmente utilizan es extremadamente complicado encapsular compuestos polares. Con el propósito de resolver estos problemas, se ha propuesto el uso de cápsulas de polisulfona (PSf) con contenido de vainilla y preparadas por la técnica de precipitación por inversión de fases En esta investigación, han sido exitosamente preparadas y caracterizadas cápsulas de PSf/Vanillin. Los resultados muestran que estas cápsulas pueden asegurar una alta capacidad de encapsulación de perfume, una liberación prolongada de la fragancia, una buena estabilidad del material y una protección óptima del perfume. Por todas estas cualidades, las cápsulas de PSf/Vanillin presentan el potencial de ser usadas no solo en detergentes y suavizantes de ropas, sino que también en otros productos textiles.
Textile detergent and softener industries have been incorporating in their processes the perfume microencapsulation technology. This technology allows the protection of the fragrance before and during industrial processes, as well as in the product storage. Moreover, it protects the perfume during the laundry and it provides a long-lasting fragrance release after the drying and storage of fabrics. However, certain current industrial microcapsules present a number of drawbacks such as low material stability, low perfume encapsulation capacity and, in addition, with the industrial encapsulation method presently used it is extremely complicated to encapsulate polar perfumes. With the aim to solve these problems, polysulfone (PSf) capsules containing vanillin and prepared by phase inversion precipitation technique have been proposed. In this investigation, PSf/Vanillin capsules have been successfully prepared and characterized. Results show that PSf/Vanillin capsules may ensure a high perfume encapsulation capacity, a long lasting fragrance release, a good material stability, and an optimal perfume protection. Because all these qualities, PSf/Vanillin capsules have the potential to be used not only in detergents and softeners but also in other textile products.

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Rokstad, Anne Mari Aukan. "Alginate capsules as bioreactors for cell therapy". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1535.

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Libri sul tema "Capsules"

Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Fluid Dynamics Panel., a cura di. Capsule aerothermodynamics =: L'aerothermodynamique des capsules. Neuilly-sur-Seine: Agard, 1997.

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Bertrand, Guy. 400 capsules linguistiques =: Quatre cents capsules linguistiques. Outremont, Qué: Lanctôt, 1999.

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Jann, Klaus, e Barbara Jann, a cura di. Bacterial Capsules. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74694-9.

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National Institute on Drug Abuse. Press Office, a cura di. NIDA capsules. Rockville, MD: Press Office of the National Institute of Drug Abuse, 1985.

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Time capsules. Huntsville, Tex: Texas Review Press, 2008.

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Jardine, Dick, e Amy Shell-Gellasch, a cura di. Mathematical Time Capsules. Washington DC: The Mathematical Association of America, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5948/upo9780883859841.

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400 capsules linguistiques. Outremont, Québec: Lanctôt, 1999.

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Philip, Maffetone, e International College of Applied Kinesiology., a cura di. The Health capsules book. Shawnee Mission, Kan. (Box 25276 Shawnee Mission 66225): International College of Applied Kinesiology-U.S.A., 1992.

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Šenk, Peter. Capsules: Typology of Other Architecture. New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315272177.

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Time capsules of the Church. Huntington, Ind: Our Sunday Visitor Pub. Division, Our Sunday Visitor, 1990.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Capsules"

Rogosa, Morrison, Micah I. Krichevsky e Rita R. Colwell. "Capsules". In Springer Series in Microbiology, 86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4986-3_13.

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Yother, Janet. "Capsules". In The Pneumococcus, 30–48. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555816537.ch3.

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Piacentini, Emma. "Hydrogel Capsules". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 980–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1946.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Buccal Capsules". In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 376. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_467.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Buccal Capsules". In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_467-2.

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Brouwer-van Hulst, D., e C. R. C. Huizinga-Arp. "4 Capsules". In Bereiden in de apotheek, 50–67. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6286-8_4.

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Piacentini, Emma. "Hydrogel Capsules". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1946-1.

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Radovici, Alexandru, e Ioana Culic. "Service Capsules". In Getting Started with Secure Embedded Systems, 417–71. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7789-8_10.

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Barthes-Biesel, D. "Suspensions of Capsules". In Flow of Particles in Suspensions, 93–123. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2714-8_3.

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Mechel, Fridolin P. "Capsules and Cabins". In Formulas of Acoustics, 741–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07296-7_11.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Capsules"

Ding, Xinpeng, Nannan Wang, Xinbo Gao, Jie Li e Xiaoyu Wang. "Group Reconstruction and Max-Pooling Residual Capsule Network". In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/310.

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In capsule networks, the mapping of low-level capsules to high-level capsules is achieved by a routing-by-agreement algorithm. Since the capsule is made up of collections of neurons and the routing mechanism involves all the capsules instead of simply discarding some of the neurons like Max-Pooling, the capsule network has stronger representation ability than the traditional neural network. However, considering too much low-level capsules' information will cause its corresponding upper layer capsules to be interfered by other irrelevant information or noise capsules. Therefore, the original capsule network does not perform well on complex data structure. What's worse, computational complexity becomes a bottleneck in dealing with large data networks. In order to solve these shortcomings, this paper proposes a group reconstruction and max-pooling residual capsule network (GRMR-CapsNet). We build a block in which all capsules are divided into different groups and perform group reconstruction routing algorithm to obtain the corresponding high-level capsules. Between the lower and higher layers, Capsule Max-Pooling is adopted to prevent overfitting. We conduct experiments on CIFAR-10/100 and SVHN datasets and the results show that our method can perform better against state-of-the-arts.

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Liu, Henry, Xiang Gao e Wenwei Xu. "Flow Regimes and Equations for Predicting Capsule Flow Through Pipe". In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0752.

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Abstract The motion of cylindrical capsules in pipe can be classified into four regimes. The characteristics of each regime are described and analyzed in this paper. In each of the four regimes, the pressure drop across a capsule or capsule train (comprising a number of capsules with zero spacing or very small spacing between neighboring capsules) can be predicted by using the one-dimensional energy, momentum and continuity equations with proper consideration for the headloss including entrance and exit effects. The effect of eccentric annulus is taken into account. In predicting the capsule velocity, equations are derived by applying the overall force balance to both the capsule train and the annular flow surrounding the capsule train. Comparison with experimental data shows the incipient velocity, the capsule velocity, and the drag coefficient can be determined accurately from the theory.

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Tonelli, Annachiara, David Mosna e Giuseppe Vignali. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of different packaging systems for coffee capsules". In the 4th International Food Operations and Processing Simulation Workshop. CAL-TEK srl, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2018.foodops.001.

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"The aim of this work is to compare the environmental impact of three different packaging systems for coffee capsules, which can be used in the same coffee machine. A comparative Life Cycle Assessment has been performed considering the following three types of coffee capsules: 1. Compostable coffee capsules packaged into a multichamber PET tray. 2. Capsules made of aluminium and packaged into cardboard boxes. 3. Capsules made of polypropylene with an aluminium top lid, singularly packaged in modified atmosphere into a bag made of multilayer film of aluminium and polypropylene. The functional unit considered is a coffee capsule. To evaluate the environmental impact, the EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) method is used. This work shows that it is possible to reduce the environmental impact of compostable capsules packaged in PET tray by two ways: by using a less polluting starch polymer and by producing biogas instead of compost from the organic waste. With these improvements, the compostable coffee capsule in PET tray results the less damaging packaging system for all categories except than for the ozone layer depletion and the fossil fuels depletion."

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Kazemi, Zahra, e Mohammad Azami. "Overall Mechanical Properties of Self-Healing Composites: Effects of Microcapsules Shape, Volume Concentration, Shell Thickness, and Material Properties". In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-88439.

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Abstract The present work investigates the influence of embedding spherical and spheroidal capsules containing the healing agent within the base polymers to create a self-healing effect on the overall mechanical properties of the entire medium, using numerical and analytical homogenization approaches. The effects of geometrical and mechanical parameters, including capsule shape, the healing agent volume concentration, the capsules shell thickness, and mechanical properties on the overall responses of the self-healing composites are studied. A square-array configuration is assumed for the distribution of the capsules. This idealization enables computing the behavior of such composites computationally via FE analysis and variationally using Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound by taking a unit cell composed of a cube of the matrix with a perfectly bonded capsule at its center. The boundary conditions on the unit cell are applied in a way that the deformation of the unit cell captivates the overall mechanical responses of the entire medium. Our results show a general decrease in the overall properties of the composites, which can be alleviated by increasing the thickness of the capsules shell or using a stiffer shell. Additionally, we show that the geometry of the capsule shell plays a role in reducing the drop in the overall properties of the composite.

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Kalluri, R. Murthy, Sai K. Doddi e Prosenjit Bagchi. "Binary Interaction of Liquid Capsules in a Shear Flow". In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67670.

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Three-dimensional numerical simulations using front-tracking method are presented on the hydrodynamic interaction between two deformable particles suspended in simple shear flow. Particles are modeled as liquid capsules, that is, liquid drops surrounded by elastic membranes. Small and finite inertia are considered. Two sets of simulations are presented. In the first set, interaction between two identical capsules are considered. In the limit of zero inertia, it has been known from past research that the hydrodynamic interaction between two deformable particles results in an irreversible shift in the trajectories of the particles as one particle rolls over the other. We show that the presence of inertia can significantly alter the capsule trajectories, and the capsules engage in a symmetric spiraling motions. In the second set of simulations, we consider the interaction between two non-identical capsules which differ from each other in terms of capillary number. The interaction between them results in greater lateral separation as compared to that of an identical pair. This result suggests that the shear-induced diffusion mechanism may play an even greater role in mixing in suspension of bidisperse particles. The long-time trajectory of the non-identical capsules at finite Re shows that they move in spirals with different radii while translating along the streamwise direction. The more deformable capsule moves with smaller radius, and vice versa.

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Fomin, Sergei. "Shape Factor in the Latent-Heat-Thermal-Energy-Storage Systems". In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24226.

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Abstract An approximate mathematical model of contact melting of an unfixed material in an elliptical capsule is developed. The main characteristic scales and non-dimensional parameters, which describe the principal features of the melting process, are found. Choosing the special heat flux distribution on the wall of the capsule allows us to derive a closed-form evolution equation for the motion of the solid, which also determines the melting rate. It is shown that the melting rate depends on the shape of the capsule. The elliptical capsules show higher rate of melting than the circular ones. The vertically elongated capsules provide more effective melting than the horizontally elongated ones, even though they have the same aspect ratio and vertical cross-sectional areas. The time required for complete melting can be achieved by the right choice of the shape of the capsule, which is specified by the value of the aspect ratio. This is especially important for the design of practical latent-heat-thermal-energy-storage systems.

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Server, William, Brian Burgos, Tim Hardin e J. Brian Hall. "The EPRI PWR Supplemental Surveillance Program (PSSP) Final Design and Implementation". In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65307.

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There is a lack of pressurized water reactor (PWR) surveillance program transition temperature shift and upper shelf toughness decrease data due to neutron irradiation exposure especially at high fluences indicative of 60 to 80 years of plant operation. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has funded the development of a supplemental reactor pressure vessel (RPV) surveillance program to allow testing of additionally irradiated specimens in two new capsules being installed in two different commercial reactor surveillance capsule positions. The previously irradiated materials were strategically selected and will be further irradiated to give final fluence levels equal to or above those for PWRs operating up to 80 years. This paper describes the final design of the capsules and selection of the key previously irradiated RPV materials reconstituted into new Charpy-size specimens being irradiated in the two PWR Supplemental Surveillance Program (PSSP) capsules.

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Bagchi, Prosenjit, R. Murthy Kalluri e Sai K. Doddi. "Rheology of a Suspension of 1000 Liquid Capsules in Channel Flow". In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67638.

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Three-dimensional numerical simulations are presented on the motion of large ensembles of deformable particles (up to 1096 in number) in a channel flow at small inertia. Particles are modeled as capsules, that is, liquid drops surrounded by elastic membranes. Unlike liquid drops where the fluid-fluid interface is characterized by isotropic surface tension, that of a capsule is governed by more complex constitutive laws. Here we assume that the capsule membrane follows the neo-Hookean constitutive law. The particle volume fraction considered is up to 29%. The numerical methodology is based on a mixed finite-difference/Fourier transform method for the flow solver and a front-tracking method for fluid/membrane interaction. In the simulations, the flow field is resolved using up to 288×288×288 grid points, and each particle surface is resolved by 1280 triangular elements. The simulations are computation- and data-intensive, and the first of their kind in the context of deformable capsule suspension. The database generated from the simulations provides a wealth of information on the dynamics of semi-dense suspension of liquid capsules, in particular, and of deformable particles, in general. Preliminary results on flow visualization, particle trajectory, deformation, mean velocity and suspension viscosity are presented.

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Herbster, Raul, Scott DellaTorre, Peter Druschel e Bobby Bhattacharjee. "Privacy Capsules". In MobiSys'16: The 14th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2906388.2906409.

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Sahu, Sanjib Kumar, Pankaj Kumar e Amit Prakash Singh. "Dynamic Routing Using Inter Capsule Routing Protocol between Capsules". In 2018 UKSim-AMSS 20th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uksim.2018.00012.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Capsules"

Li, Zifeng, Yuling Fan, Yunhong Lei, Xiaoqiang Hou e Caiyun Chang. A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis Efficacy and Safety of Kunxian Capsule in Treating Patients with Lupus Nephritis：A network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0005.

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Review question / Objective: To study on the efficacy and safety of Kunxian Capsule in treating patients with lupus nephritis( LN). Condition being studied: The study showed that Kunxian capsule significantly improved immune status and renal function and suppressed IL-10 and TNF in serum of lupus mice- α Of secretion, works better in combination with and reduces hormone dosage. At present, there are few studies in which Kunxian capsules are used in the clinic, and the conclusions of the studies are inconsistent, so this study was conducted in order to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kunxian capsules for the treatment of lupus nephritis.

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Schwarz, R. A. ,. Westinghouse Hanford. Dose rate calculations for strontium fluoride capsules and cesium chloride capsules and for such capsules as overpacked for disposal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/330740.

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RITTMANN, P. D. Photon Production Within Storage Capsules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815079.

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Bloomster, C. H., D. R. Brown, G. A. Bruno, R. F. Hazelton, P. L. Hendrickson, A. J. Lezberg, G. L. Tingey e G. L. Wilfert. Potential value of Cs-137 capsules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5714125.

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Feng, Ningning, Jianbin Guan, Xing Yu, Wenhao Li, Tao Liu, Guozheng Jiang, Kaitan Yang, Yongdong Yang e He Zhao. Jintiange Capsule May Have a Positive Effect in OVCF Patients with percutaneous vertebral augmentation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, settembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0038.

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Review question / Objective: We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of JTG capsules on patients with OVCF underwent PVA surgery, focusing on clinical outcomes and drug safety. Condition being studied: This meta-analysis aims to systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy and adverse effects of JTG with PVA in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Our current evidence suggests that JTG capsule may relieve pain in OVCF patients who underwent PVA surgery, improve functional activity, and increase BMD, particularly in patients under the age of 70, as well as increase BGP levels.However, considering the unsatisfactory quality of the included trials, more high-quality trials are needed to prove this issue.

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Alford, C. S. Sputter deposited beryllium fuel capsules for NIF. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/305832.

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Letts, S., E. Fearon, S. Buckley, J. Klingmann e B. Cook. Procedures For Making Precision CH Bumps On Capsules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15011419.

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Ruhkamp, J. D. Design development and testing of 60-watt capsules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/204242.

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Chen, K., C. Kong, H. Huang, J. Crippen, M. Ratledge, N. Rice, M. Farrell, A. Nikroo, G. Kyrala e A. Hayes-Sterbenz. Fabrication of Bromine-doped Glow Discharge Polymer Capsules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1466133.

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Bradley, Paul A., Natalia S. Krasheninnikova, Ian L. Tregillis e Mark J. Schmitt. Preshot Predictions for Defect Induced Mix (DIME) Capsules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1048685.

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