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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Capsule V. E":
1
Bondarenko, G. A., I. A. Solovyova e T. I. Trukhina. "Morphological features of capsules of trichinella larvae in wild animals of the amur region". International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, n. 1 (16 giugno 2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.57.
Abstract (sommario):
The problem of trichinosis on the territory of the Far East has a pronounced natural focal character with the predominant circulation of the causative agent of trichinosis in wild animals. The main species circulating in the Amur Region is the capsule- forming species T. spiralis. The ability to form capsules is one of the biological features of Trichinella larvae and a necessary component of the process of their survival. The thickness of the walls of the capsule gradually increases while the larva and intracapsular muscle sarcoplasm with nuclei remain alive. At the same time, the morphological variability of Trichinella capsules under the influence of many ecological and biological factors was noted.The goal is to determine the morphological features of the capsules of Trichinella larvae in wild animals in the Amur region.We conducted studies of the muscle tissues of wild animals by the method of compressor trichinelloscopy and the method of digestion in artificial gastric juice, according to MUK 4.2.2747-10 "Methods of sanitary and parasitological examination of meat and meat products" to determine the presence of Trichinella larvae. To establish the morphological features, the length and width of the capsules, the thickness of the capsule wall from the sides and at the poles, and the thickness of the larva itself were determined using an eyepiece micrometer. The capsule shape index (V) was calculated as the ratio of the diameter to its length (V=D/L). The shape of capsules of Trichinella larvae in different species of wild animals was determined. The relationship between the morphological parameters of the capsule of the larvae of Trichinella has been established. Indicators of the thickness of the wall of the capsule from the sides and the thickness of the wall of the capsule at the poles can be used to determine the age of Trichinella larvae.
2
Ramli, Nur Amalina, Nurul Natasya Amira Kamaluddin e Fatmawati Adam. "Mechanical, Structural and Physical Properties of Carrageenan-Gum Arabic Biocomposite Film for Hard Capsule Application". Solid State Phenomena 340 (23 dicembre 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-c2wejl.
Abstract (sommario):
The hard capsule market growth is mainly driven by the demand for gelatin capsules made of animals. Plant-based hard capsules, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are currently in high demand for drug delivery, but the manufacturing process is costly with limited reagent supply. As an alternative, carrageenan from seaweed was used as a film-forming agent in this work. Carrageenan film possesses low mechanical strength, thus gum Arabic is incorporated to strengthen the biocomposite film. The films and hard capsules were produced with different concentrations of gum Arabic, ranging from 0 to 2.0 w/v%. The tensile strength and elongation at break were enhanced to 56.8 MPa and 23.7%, respectively. The highest capsule loop strength is 32.5 N, which was achieved at 1.2 w/v% of gum Arabic. All biocomposite films were kept at a moisture content of 13%, which is comparable to gelatin hard capsules. These results demonstrate that gum Arabic can strengthen the carrageenan biocomposite to be an alternative to gelatin hard capsules.
3
BALILASHAKI, Khosro, Roohangiz NADERI, Saikat GANTAIT e Maryam VAHEDI. "Asymbiotic Germination of Phalaenopsis cv. ‘Dublin’ Seeds in Relation to Pollination Months and Nutrient Media". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 7, n. 3 (21 settembre 2015): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb739574.
Abstract (sommario):
Orchids are one of the most popular flowers in the world and Phalaenopsis genus shares maximum sales in global floral industry among them. Successful pollination, followed by capsule formation and in vitro seed germination, is a powerful tool for mass propagation of orchids. In the present study, flowers of Phalaenopsis cv. ‘Dublin’ were self-pollinated artificially during the months of November, December, January, February, March and April. The influence of pollination month over capsule formation was assessed and it was observed that pollination during December resulted as maximum with 86% capsule formation, followed by 72% during January. However, only 40% successful capsule formation occurred following pollination during April. Seeds from mature capsules developed through artificial pollination in different months were cultured on three different culture media (modified Chen, ½Murashige Skoog and Vacin-Went medium) for in vitro germination. A maximum of 97% germination of seeds (collected from capsules developed through pollination in January) was recorded on modified Chen medium. Nevertheless, the earliest initiation of germination occurred around 12 days of culture when seeds were harvested from capsules (derived through pollination in December) and inoculated on modified Chen medium. The plantlets developed following germination were rooted on ½MS supplemented with 2.5 g/l activated charcoal. Subsequently, well-rooted plantlets were acclimatized on potting mixture that contained cocopeat, charcoal, industrial cartridge and the bites of yonolit (1:1:2:4; v/v) with a very high rate of success. A seed culture protocol that crops a bulk number of seedlings in a short time span is advantageous and the present report eventually provides such simple yet proficient method that can be further tested.
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Pyar, Hassan, e Kok-Khiang Peh. "Enteric coating of granules containing the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus". Acta Pharmaceutica 64, n. 2 (1 giugno 2014): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2014-0011.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In the present study, a capsule formulation composed of enteric coated granules of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 was developed using Eudragit L30D-55 as enteric polymer. Optimization of the capsule formulation was achieved with a maximum viable cell count after 2 h of incubation in acid medium and disintegration time of 1 h in buffer pH 6.8. The amount of Eudragit L30D-55 in the capsules correlated with gastric juice resistance. The best protective qualities against artificial gastric juice were observed when capsules were prepared from granules composed of L. acidophilus, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and coated with 12.5 % (m/V) of Eudragit L30D-55. Capsule formulation of L. acidophilus in edible broth medium suspension serves as a cheap alternative to the expensive freeze-drying procedure for preparing L. acidophilus. In addition, the enteric coating using Eudragit L30D-55 could protect probiotics from the acidic gastric environment and enhance the bioactivity of probiotics along with replacement of pathogenic microbes in human intestine
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Sousa-Baena, Mariane S., e Nanuza L. De Menezes. "Comparative developmental anatomy of ovary and fruit in Brazilian Velloziaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 191, n. 2 (27 agosto 2019): 236–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz040.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Morpho-anatomical studies of fruits are scarce in monocotyledons and particularly for the Brazilian species of Velloziaceae, a small family of monocots characteristic of the campo rupestre vegetation of Brazil. The main fruit types found in Velloziaceae are poricidal and loculicidal capsules, but capsule morphology is variable, which has led to discrepancies regarding fruit descriptions and terminology. In this study, we aimed to analyse fruit development in Brazilian Velloziaceae to obtain a better understanding of capsule dehiscence and to elucidate and describe in detail the fruit types occurring in the family. Based on our results, we discuss the terminology used to describe capsules of some species, e.g. capsules of Vellozia minima and V. epidendroides, previously classified as poricidal, should be called apical loculicidal, as they form three slits on the uppermost part of each carpel that are prevented from extending downwards by the precocious lignification of the pericarp. Capsules of Barbacenia purpurea, B. riparia and B. plantaginea have been classified using various terms, but they fit the definition of fissuricidal capsule and should be classified as such. We also propose an improved analysis for the character ‘fruit type’, previously used in phylogenetic reconstructions of Velloziaceae. We changed some states following the fruit reclassification proposed here and added a new state, ‘capsule opening through lateral irregular aperture’, to the character. Additionally, eight new phylogenetic characters derived from ovary and fruit characteristics are suggested.
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Shchukin, V. M., N. E. Kuz’mina, O. A. Matveeva, Yu N. Shvetsova e E. S. Zhigilei. "Determination of Elemental Impurities in Gelatine Capsules by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry". Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 12, n. 2 (6 giugno 2024): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2024-12-2-230-240.
Abstract (sommario):
INTRODUCTION. Gelatine capsules are an essential dosage form used for many medicinal products. Gelatine capsules are subject to quality control in accordance with the requirements of the general monograph on capsules of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. This monograph does not standardise the content of elemental impurities, as these impurities are controlled at the raw material level. However, the equipment and excipients used in the production of gelatine capsule shells may be additional sources of impurities. Preliminary screening for chemical elements will help to assess the need for limiting elemental impurities in gelatine capsule shells.AIM. This study aimed to identify the chemical elements that contribute to gelatine capsule shell contamination the most by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, to list the elements requiring specification, and to limit their content from a risk-based pharmaceutical quality control perspective.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used 18 samples of hard gelatine capsules by different national and international manufacturers. The elemental analysis was performed using an Agilent 7900 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies).RESULTS. The As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, and V content in gelatine capsule shells did not exceed the permitted daily exposure (PDE) thresholds for oral dosage forms specified in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. Ag, Au, Cd, Hg, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Se, Sn, or Tl were not detected in any of the samples within the established detection limits. The Fe content in 67% of the tested shell samples was above the safety-based PDE for medical gelatine.CONCLUSIONS. The greatest contributors to gelatine capsule shell contamination are Al, Fe, and Zn. The lack of established PDE thresholds for these elements presents a challenge in assessing the risks of adverse effects associated with ingesting these elements with gelatine capsules.
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Abd, Hadi, Amir Saeed, Andrej Weintraub e Gunnar Sandström. "Vibrio cholerae O139 requires neither capsule nor LPS O side chain to grow inside Acanthamoeba castellanii". Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2009): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.004721-0.
Abstract (sommario):
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has the ability to grow and survive in the aquatic free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of the clinical isolate V. cholerae O139 MO10 to grow in A. castellanii and to determine the effect of the bacterial capsule and LPS O side chain on intracellular growth. Results from co-cultivation, viable counts, a gentamicin assay, electron microscopy and statistical analysis showed that the association of V. cholerae O139 MO10 with A. castellanii did not inhibit growth of the amoeba, and enhanced growth and survival of V. cholerae O139 MO10 occurred. The wild-type V. cholerae O139 MO10 and a capsule mutant or capsule/LPS double mutant grew inside A. castellanii. Neither the capsule nor the LPS O side chain of V. cholerae O139 was found to play an important role in the interaction with A. castellanii, disclosing the ability of V. cholerae to multiply and survive inside A. castellanii, as well as the role of A. castellanii as an environmental host for V. cholerae.
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Nebel, RL, R. Vishwanath, WH McMillan e RG Saacke. "Microencapsulation of bovine spermatozoa for use in artificial insemination: a review". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 5, n. 6 (1993): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9930701.
Abstract (sommario):
A technique for microencapsulation of bovine spermatozoa has been developed with minimal spermatozoal injury and thus of potential use in artificial insemination. The polymers poly-l-lysine, polyvinylamine and protamine sulfate have proven best for membranes. Encapsulation has been successful with capsules ranging in size from 0.75 to 1.5 mm, and with sperm concentrations from 45 to 180 x 10(6) cells mL-1. Successful extenders include CUE, CAPROGEN, and egg yolk-citrate-glycerol (maximum 10% v/v egg yolk for normal capsular shape). Capsule fragility (ability to rupture under ageing and physical stress) is negatively related to membrane thickness which ranges from 1.92 to 5.32 microns (depending on the concentration of polymer used) and positively related to concentration of sperm encapsulated. Heterospermic studies have shown that encapsulated sperm are capable of fertilization in vivo, but are at a disadvantage to unencapsulated sperm when cows are inseminated at conventional times. Uterine retention of inseminates is favoured by capsules having a 'sticky' membrane. Using current procedures, preliminary homospermic fertility studies indicate that sperm encapsulated with poly-l-lysine or protamine sulfate may achieve normal fertility.
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Negrini, D., C. Gonano, M. Del Fabbro e G. Miserocchi. "Transperitoneal fluid dynamics in rabbit liver". Journal of Applied Physiology 69, n. 2 (1 agosto 1990): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.625.
Abstract (sommario):
The peritoneal cavity of 18 anesthetized spontaneously breathing supine rabbits was opened through a midline section. One or two hollow capsules (surface area 0.8 cm2) were glued to the exposed liver surface, filled with whole or 25% diluted plasma, and connected to a transducer and a graduated pipette. Various hydraulic pressures (Pcap) were set in the capsule; at each Pcap the liquid flow per unit surface area (V/S) between the Disse's interstitial space and the capsule was measured from the rate of liquid displacement in the pipette. The slope of the V/S vs. Pcap linear regression was utilized to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the Glissonian-peritoneal membrane and averaged 5.1 x 10(-3) +/- 4.7 x 10(-3) (SD) ml.h-1.cmH2O-1.cm-2 (n = 25). Hydraulic pressure in the Disse's space (Pd) was measured by closing the capsule against the transducer disconnected from the pipette. At portal and hepatic venous pressures of 7.6 +/- 2.9 and 2.6 +/- 1 cmH2O, respectively, Pd was 2.05 +/- 2 cmH2O. Physiologically, Starling pressure gradients cause fluid transfer from the sinusoids to the Disse's space; transperitoneal fluid filtration only occurs through the liver surface that faces the diaphragm, which corresponds to one-fifth of the total hepatic surface.
10
Zuppardo, Amy B., e Ronald J. Siebeling. "An Epimerase Gene Essential for Capsule Synthesis in Vibrio vulnificus". Infection and Immunity 66, n. 6 (1 giugno 1998): 2601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.6.2601-2606.1998.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The extracellular capsule polysaccharide (CPS) of Vibrio vulnificus is a primary virulence factor which allows survival of the bacteria in the human host. To study the genes involved in expression of the capsule, we generated mutants that lost the ability to produce CPS following the insertion of a minitransposon into the genome of an encapsulated, clinical strain of V. vulnificus. A genomic region, from one nonencapsulated mutant, containing the transposon and flanking V. vulnificus DNA was cloned, and a probe complementary to the chromosomal DNA immediately adjacent to the transposon was used to locate this fragment in the genome of the encapsulated parent strain. The fragment, which contained a putative capsule gene, was cloned and, when supplied intrans, complemented the mutation in the nonencapsulated mutant to restore capsule production. In addition, virulence studies, using the 50% lethal dose assay, showed that the restoration of capsule production also restored the virulence of the organism. Sequence analysis of the gene disrupted by the transposon revealed that it matched a nucleotide-sugar epimerase of Vibrio choleraeO139, with 75 and 85% identities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. In addition, computer analysis recognized epimerases of various organisms as highly similar to the putative epimerase of V. vulnificus. Finally, a combination of PCR amplification and Southern blotting showed that this epimerase is common to at least 10 strains of V. vulnificus that each express a serologically distinct CPS. Our results indicate that the epimerase gene is essential for capsule expression in V. vulnificus.
Tesi sul tema "Capsule V. E":
1
Nguyen, Tan-Sy. "A smart system for processing and analyzing gastrointestinal abnormalities in wireless capsule endoscopy". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 13, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA131052.
Abstract (sommario):
Dans cette thèse, nous abordons les défis liés à l'identification et au diagnostic des lésions pathologiques dans le tractus gatro-intestinal (GI). L'analyse des quantités massives d'informations visuelles obtenues par une capsule vidéo-endoscopique (CVE) qui est un excellent outil pour visualiser et examiner le tractus GI y compris l'intestin grêle, représente une charge considérable pour les cliniciens, entraînant un risque accru de diagnostic erroné. Afin de palier à ce problème, nous développons un système intelligent capable de détecter et d'identifier automatiquement diverses pathologies gastro-intestinales. Cependant, la qualité limitée des images acquises en raison de distorsions telles que le bruit, le flou et l'éclairement non uniforme constitue un obstacle significatif. Par conséquent, les techniques de prétraitement des images jouent un rôle crucial dans l'amélioration de la qualité des images acquises, facilitant ainsi les tâches de haut niveau telles que la détection et la classification des anomalies. Afin de résoudre les problèmes liés à la qualité limitée des images causée par les distorsions mentionnées précédemment, plusieurs nouveaux algorithmes d'apprentissage ont été proposés. Plus précisément, les avancées récentes dans le domaine de la restauration et de l'amélioration de la qualité des images reposent sur des approches d'apprentissage qui nécessitent des paires d'images déformées et de référence pour l'entraînement. Cependant, en ce qui concerne la CVE, un défi significatif se pose en raison de l'absence d'une base de données dédiée pour évaluer la qualité des images. À notre connaissance, il n'existe actuellement aucune base de données spécialisée conçu spécifiquement pour évaluer la qualité vidéo en CVE. Par conséquent, en réponse à la nécessité d'une base de données complète d'évaluation de la qualité vidéo, nous proposons tout d'abord la "Quality-Oriented Database for Video Capsule Endoscopy" (QVCED). Ensuite, nos résultats montrent que l'évaluation de la gravité des distorsions améliore significativement l'efficacité de l'amélioration de l'image, en particulier en cas d'illumination inégale. À cette fin, nous proposons une nouvelle métrique dédiée à l'évaluation et à la quantification de l'éclairage inégal dans les images laparoscopiques ou par CVE, en extrayant l'éclairement de l'arrière-plan de l'image et en tenant compte de l'effet de la mise en égalisation de l'histogramme. Notre métrique démontrant sa supériorité et sa performance compétitive par rapport aux méthodes d'évaluation de la qualité d'image avec référence complète (FR-IQA).Après avoir effectué l'étape d'évaluation, nous développons une méthode d'amélioration de la qualité d'image visant à améliorer la qualité globale des images. Le nouvel algorithme est basé sur un mécanisme de l'attention croisée, qui permet d'établir l'interaction d'information entre la tâche de l'extraction du niveau de distorsion et de la localisation de régions dégradées. En employant cet algorithme, nous sommes en mesure d'identifier et de cibler précisément les zones spécifiques des images affectées par les distorsions. Ainsi, cet algorithme permet le traitement approprié adapté à chaque région dégradée, améliorant ainsi efficacement la qualité de l'image. Suite à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'image, des caractéristiques visuelles sont extraites et alimentées dans un classificateur pour fournir un diagnostic par classification. La difficulté dans le domaine de CVE est qu'une partie significative des données reste non étiquetée. Pour relever ce défi, nous avons proposé une méthode efficace basée sur l'approche d'apprentissage auto-supervisé ("Self-Supervised Learning" ou SSL en anglais) afin d'améliorer les performances de la classification. La méthode proposée, utilisant le SSL basé sur l'attention, ont réussi à résoudre le problème des données étiquetées limitées couramment rencontré dans la littérature existanteIn this thesis, we address the challenges associated with the identification and diagnosis of pathological lesions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Analyzing massive amounts of visual information obtained by Wireless Capsule Endsocopy (WCE) which is an excellent tool for visualizing and examining the GI tract (including the small intestine), poses a significant burden on clinicians, leading to an increased risk of misdiagnosis.In order to alleviate this issue, we develop an intelligent system capable of automatically detecting and identifying various GI disorders. However, the limited quality of acquired images due to distortions such as noise, blur, and uneven illumination poses a significant obstacle. Consequently, image pre-processing techniques play a crucial role in improving the quality of captured frames, thereby facilitating subsequent high-level tasks like abnormality detection and classification. In order to tackle the issues associated with limitations in image quality caused by the aforementioned distortions, novel learning-based algorithms have been proposed. More precisely, recent advancements in the realm of image restoration and enhancement techniques rely on learning-based approaches that necessitate pairs of distorted and reference images for training. However, a significant challenge arises in WCE which is an excellent tool for visualizing and diagnosing GI disorders, due to the absence of a dedicated dataset for evaluating image quality. To the best of our knowledge, there currently exists no specialized dataset designed explicitly for evaluating video quality in WCE. Therefore, in response to the need for an extensive video quality assessment dataset, we first introduce the "Quality-Oriented Database for Video Capsule Endoscopy" (QVCED).Subsequently, our findings show that assessing distortion severity significantly improves image enhancement effectiveness, especially in the case of uneven illumination. To this end, we propose a novel metric dedicated to the evaluation and quantification of uneven illumination in laparoscopic or WCE images, by extracting the image's background illuminance and considering the mapping effect of Histogram Equalization. Our metric outperforms some state-of-the-art No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) methods, demonstrating its superiority and competitive performance compared to Full-Reference IQA (FR-IQA) methods.After conducting the assessment step, we proceed to develop an image quality enhancement method aimed at improving the overall quality of the images. This is achieved by leveraging the cross-attention algorithm, which establishes a comprehensive connection between the extracted distortion level and the degraded regions within the images. By employing this algorithm, we are able to precisely identify and target the specific areas in the images that have been affected by distortions. This allows an appropriate enhancement tailored to each degraded region, thereby effectively improving the image quality.Following the improvement of image quality, visual features are extracted and fed into a classifier to provide a diagnosis through classification. The challenge in the WCE domain is that a significant portion of the data remains unlabeled. To overcome this challenge, we have developed an efficient method based on self-supervised learning (SSL) approach to enhance the performance of classification. The proposed method, utilizing attention-based SSL, has successfully addressed the issue of limited labeled data commonly encountered in the existing literature
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Martin, Karine. "Abolition du tropisme naturel de l'adénovirus de type 5 par modification des protéines de la capside virale". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077120.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Capsule V. E":
1
Fang, Guiyin, Fan Yang e Man Zhang. "Study on Solidification Characteristics of Phase Change Material in Rectangular Capsule for Cold Thermal Energy Storage System". In Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V), 2751–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_555.
2
"capsule, v." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3a ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/1140134885.
3
"Blood Supply V - Internal Capsule". In Atlas of Functional Neuroanatomy. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420048209.supl60.
4
"capsulize, v." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3a ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/6376302432.
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"capsize, v." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3a ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/8466336667.
6
William Tong, C. Y. "Different Types of Vaccines". In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0061.
Abstract (sommario):
Vaccines can be classified according to their nature into the following types: ● Inactivated vaccines: ■ Whole organism; ■ Acellular extracts. ● Live attenuated vaccines. ● Toxoid vaccines. ● Subunit vaccines. ● Conjugate vaccines. ● DNA vaccines. ● Recombinant vector vaccines. Inactivation of the whole organism is the most basic form of vaccine produced by killing the micro-organism causing the disease using heat, chemical or radiation and presents all the antigens in the inactivated organism as a vaccine to induce immunity in the recipient. Other methods to produce an inactivated vaccine is by extracting acellular components of the organism through filtration. Examples of inactivated bacterial vaccines currently in use include: ● Anthrax—sterile filtrate from cultures of the Sterne strain of B. anthracis. ● Cholera—oral inactivated vaccine with 1mg of recombinant cholera toxin B (rCTB) in a liquid suspension of four strains of killed V. cholerae O1, representing subtypes Inaba and Ogawa and biotypes El Tor and classical. ● Pertussis—acellular vaccine has replaced previously used whole cell vaccine. ● Typhoid—purified Vi capsular polysaccharide from S. typhi; NB: the injectable, killed, whole-cell typhoid vaccine which contains heat-inactivated, phenol-preserved S. typhi organisms is no longer in use in the UK. Examples of inactivated viral vaccines currently in use in the UK include: ● Hepatitis A virus. ● Hepatitis E virus. ● Influenza A and B viruses. ● Japanese encephalitis virus. ● Polio viruses 1, 2, and 3 (IPV). ● Rabies virus. ● Tick-borne encephalitis virus. ● Bacterial vaccines: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine against tuberculosis derived from a Mycobacterium bovis strain. The oral typhoid vaccine contains a live attenuated strain of S. typhi (Ty21a) in an enteric-coated capsule. ● Viral vaccines: The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine contain live attenuated strains of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, which are cultured separately and mixed before being lyophilized. Oral polio vaccine (OPV) against polio viruses 1, 2, and 3—OPV contains live attenuated strains of poliomyelitis virus types 1, 2, and 3 grown in cell cultures.
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Rampazzio, Elisangela Maria Nicolete, Fernando Kawaminami Lopez, Maria Clara Berto de Angelo, Lucas Brandão Pereira, Maria Clara França Gregolini Novaes, Giovana Gasparoto Gonçalves, Letícia Moelas da Silva e João Marcelo Coluna. "Follow-up of a postoperative pregnant woman with low-grade oligodendroglioma". In Eyes on Health Sciences V.02. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.001-024.
Abstract (sommario):
Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasms do not usually comprise the epidemiological profile of women of childbearing age, affecting more men in a ratio of 2:1 in the fourth or fifth decade of life. There is no consensus in the literature on risk factors and related family history in relation to the individual's gender, however, some studies suggest a neuroprotection deficit due to the absence of estrogen, which, in women, could be related to the indiscriminate use of hormonal contraceptives alone, such as capsules and/or progesterone injections, since estrogen has been proven to play an important role in the deployment of central nervous system cells. The symptomatology secondary to grade II oligodendrogliomas usually refers to epilepsy and headache, which are accompanied by little improvement to medications. Resolution, in this case, consists of surgical tumor resection and usually has a good prognosis when diagnosed early. In the cases of young women diagnosed with oligodendrogliomas and undergoing a well-disciplined clinical-surgical therapy, family planning is possible and of great importance. They usually have uneventful gestational development and a smooth delivery, as long as they are assisted by a multidisciplinary team. To this end, physicians must take advantage of scientific evidence that supports the use of medications and the choice of imaging method to monitor the evolution of the case. In cases of malignant CNS neoplasia, local chemotherapy may be an option. Surgical reapproach should be considered with great caution and the decision should always prioritize the health of the mother over that of the developing fetus.
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Porrino, Jack, e Alvin R. Wyatt. "Physeal Injury". In Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 1, a cura di Mihra S. Taljanovic e Tyson S. Chadaz, 125–29. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190938161.003.0026.
Abstract (sommario):
Chapter 26 discusses physeal injury. The epiphysis and physis are vulnerable to injury in skeletally immature individuals, as the ligamentous and capsular support of the joint is much stronger than the cartilage. Fractures involving the physis are classified according to the Salter-Harris classification scheme. The diagnosis is typically made by radiography, with cross-sectional imaging reserved for clinically ambiguous cases and assessment of severity or injury sequela. Although Salter-Harris type I and II injuries typically are managed with closed reduction and immobilization, Salter-Harris type III through V injuries often require surgery to reduce the risk of physeal arrest or management of bony bridging.
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Ortega Santiago, Yina Paola, José Miguel Pinto Gómez, Dagoberto Lozano Rivera e Marly Dodino Pedraza. "Evaluación de la liberación de metileno en medios ácidos y neutros bajo la técnica de encapsulamiento". In Tendencias en la investigación universitaria. Una visión desde Latinoamérica. Volumen XXII, 297–311. Fondo Editorial Universitario Servando Garcés de la Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero / Alianza de Investigadores Internacionales S.A.S. ALININ., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47212/tendencias2023vol.xxii.21.
Abstract (sommario):
La liberación de material activo a condiciones deseadas ha sido un gran reto para la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica en cuanto a conferir la funcionalidad deseada en el producto, en este sentido la encapsulación se ha convertido en una de las técnicas más prometedoras en esta área. El trabajo desarrollado estuvo centrado en el análisis la capacidad de absorbancia al exponer una sustancia activa como el azul de metileno, recubierta con alginato como polímero protector. La formación de las cápsulas se realizó elevando la sustancia activa a una temperatura de 50°C y adicionando alginato al 3% p/v; posteriormente se seleccionaron 5 capsulas de tamaño homogéneo para ser liberadas en una solución de pH de 2,5 y otras 5 capsulas a un pH de 7,5 con periodo de agitación de 10 min; luego de esto ambas soluciones fueron llevadas a celdas espectrofotométricas donde se obtuvieron los valores de absorbancia promedio de 0,039 y 0,025 para las cápsulas expuestas a las soluciones ácida y neutra respectivamente. Se concluye que las partículas finas se disuelven más rápidamente, pero existe mayor riesgo de que se aglomeren, además, los resultados obtenidos se ven afectados por varios factores, entre ellos tamaño, forma y grosor de las cápsulas; al incrementarse la concentración de alginato, la solución pasa de estado de líquido-viscoso a pasta espesa, punto en que el alginato remanente se vuelve muy difícil de dispersar; lo que puede atribuirse a la presencia de pequeñas cantidades de cationes polivalentes, los cuales inhiben la hidratación de los alginatos.
10
Mohammed, Jahasultana, e Buchi N. Nalluri. "Development and Validation of RP-HPLC-PDA Method for the Estimation of Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in Bulk, Mouth Dissolving Films and in Dissolution Samples". In Current Trends in Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery (CTD4-2022), 283–95. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837671090-00283.
Abstract (sommario):
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX) is a drug of choice for treating depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bulimia nervosa, etc. Even though FLX dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, oral solutions, and syrups are already available commercially, there is a considerable need for developing modified or immediate-release formulations with a quick onset of action and high bioavailability. The goal of this research is to provide a quick, practical, and cost-effective RP-HPLC-PDA approach for determining Fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX) in bulk, mouth dissolving films (MDFs), and dissolution samples. A reverse-phase HPLC with chromatographic parameters like inertsil ODS3 column (150×4.6mm, 5µm), mobile phase composition of 10mM Ammonium acetate: Acetonitrile (58:42v/v), flow rate - 1.3mL/min, 20 μL injection volume in isocratic mode, wavelength at 226nm and a PDA detector is used to attain the peaks. Using the efficient liquid chromatographic conditions, FLX was eluted at retention time of 4.2min and a good linearity was seen over a concentration of 2-10µg/mL. The correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.999. The LOD and LOQ were 0.184μg/mL and 0.558μg/mL, respectively. The established technique was validated for method validation parameters like accuracy, precision, assay, linearity, specificity, robustness, LOD, and LOQ as per ICH Q2B recommendations. All the validation parameters were within acceptable limits. Hence, for the FLX estimation in bulk, MDFs and in-vitro dissolution samples the established technique can be utilized to produce reproducible results.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Capsule V. E":
1
Kruijff, Michel. "Concept Selection and Design of the Inherently Safe re-entry Capsule for YES2". In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-v.3.08.
2
Li, Guoyun, Yukun Wu, Guofu Jiang, Juan Huang e Haisheng Zhang. "Irradiation-Embrittlement of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel". In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29240.
Abstract (sommario):
Irradiated for 4 cycles inside the reactor, the irradiation surveillance capsule (ISC) was withdrawn and transported to Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC) for dismantling in the hot cell. This paper presented tensile tests and Charpy-V impact tests on non-irradiated and irradiated specimens. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature and 300 °C respectively, and Charpy-V impact tests were performed at series temperatures. Instrumented impact curves and tensile curves were obtained and analyzed. Impact absorbed energy, lateral expansion and crystallinity transition curves were plotted by a hyperbolic tangent function. The irradiation-induced shift of transition temperature, upper shelf energy, tensile strength and yield strength were determined. And irradiation-embrittlement effect on RPV was evaluated by prediction and measurement of irradiation-induced transition temperature shift. Results showed that the parameters including neutron fluence and transition temperature were in normal range, and the next capsule could be withdrawn according to original irradiation monitoring program.
3
Jeong, Kyeongwon, Jaesuk Choi, Gichan Yun, Injun Choi, Jeehoon Son, Jae Youn Hwang, Sohmyung Ha e Minkyu Je. "A 20-MHz 2.3-mW Receiver and a 25-V Transmitter for Ultrasound Capsule Endoscopy". In 2022 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc56115.2022.9980696.
4
Sharma, Akhalesh, Vivek Saxena e Santosh K. Sahu. "Effect of Fin Shape on Constrained Melting Heat Transfer of Phase Change Material in a Spherical Capsule: A Numerical Study". In ASME 2022 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2022-86314.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The present work is focussed on numerical investigation of the constrained melting of phase change material (n-octadecane) in a circumferentially finned spherical capsule keeping the base and volume of the fins equal in all cases. Four different fin shapes, namely straight, trapezoidal converging, stepped, stepped inverse, located at the center of the spherical capsule are considered for the study A series of two-dimensional transient numerical simulations are carried out. Present numerical results are validated with the existing experimental results of Fan et al. [5]. Various thermal performance parameters is used for comparative analysis. Baseline comparison of fin and no fin case have also been discussed. The least melting time of PCM is 114 min for the stepped fin, while the maximum melting time is 120 min and is reported for the straight fin. The surface area to volume ratio (S/V) of fins has been calculated for every case. Irrespective of the lower S/V ratio, the melting time of inverse stepped fin is lower than straight fin because of the excellent melting performance of inverse stepped fin in weak convection region. From the results, it has been concluded that changing the shape of fin from the base case of straight fin does not change the melting time significantly for fin volume considered in the present study. This research could be used as a reference for LHTES unit fin design optimization in the industrial setting.
5
Hawkes, Esther, Praful Patel, Markus Gwiggner e Imdadur Rahman. "PWE-029 Are 2 heads better than 1: randomised comparison of MiroCam single-tip v double-tip capsule endoscope". In British Society of Gastroenterology Annual Meeting, 17–20 June 2019, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-bsgabstracts.316.
6
Sokolov, Mikhail A. "Use of Mini-CT Specimens for Fracture Toughness Characterization of Low Upper-Shelf Linde 80 Weld". In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65904.
Abstract (sommario):
Any fracture toughness specimen that can be made out of the broken halves of standard Charpy specimens may have exceptional utility for evaluation of reactor pressure vessels since it would allow one to determine and monitor directly actual fracture toughness instead of requiring indirect predictions using correlations established with impact data. The Charpy V-notch specimen is the most commonly used specimen geometry in surveillance programs and most likely to be used in advanced reactors as per ASME code. The advantage of the Mini-CT specimen technique is that multiple specimens can be machined from one half of a broken Charpy specimen, used in a standard surveillance capsule of a reactor pressure vessel. Up to now, most of the work on validation of this type of the specimens has been performed on base metal. In this study, Mini-CT specimens were used to perform fracture toughness characterization of low upper-shelf Linde 80 weld, designated WF-70. This weld was utilized in the Midland beltline weld and has been previously well characterized at ORNL with various types and sizes of fracture toughness specimens. The Mini-CT specimens were machined from broken previously tested Charpy V-notch specimens. Despite very small size and relatively small number of Mini-CT specimen tested, the transition fracture toughness temperature, To, derived from these Mini-CT specimens is in very good correspondence with To reported from analysis of a large number of larger fracture toughness specimens.
7
Yoshimoto, Kentaro, Takatoshi Hirota e Hiroyuki Sakamoto. "Applicability of Fracture Toughness Curves Developed for Japanese Pressure Vessel Steels to Structural Integrity Evaluation". In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45275.
Abstract (sommario):
Surveillance tests have been conducted on Japanese Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) plants for more than 40 years to monitor irradiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) beltline materials. Fracture toughness specimens are contained as well as tensile and Charpy impact specimens in a surveillance capsule and utilized for structural integrity evaluation. Therefore, a lot of fracture toughness data have been obtained by fracture toughness tests using such as Compact Tension (CT) and Wedge Opening Loading (WOL) specimens. More than one thousand data have been accumulated for both unirradiated and irradiated materials until 2013. Additionally, in terms of fracture toughness, Master Curve (MC) concept has been widely used for fracture toughness transition curve expression of ferritic steels. Considering such a situation, the new fracture toughness curves using Tr30, which denotes Charpy V-notch 30ft-lb transition temperature, as an indexing parameter were developed based on MC concept depending on product form for Japanese RPV steels in 2014. In this study, applicability of the newly developed curves of Japanese RPV steels to structural integrity evaluation is investigated. Especially, this paper focused on conservatism of the curves and the adequate margin to be added in evaluation of RPV integrity employing statistical methodology.
8
Server, William L. "Neutron Embrittlement Aging Management of Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessels". In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2150.
Abstract (sommario):
The management of neutron embrittlement of nuclear reactor pressure vessels involves monitoring of the changes in the fracture toughness of surveillance capsule specimens that closely approximate the actual reactor vessel material(s). The measurement of fracture toughness is currently performed in an indirect manner using Charpy V-notch impact specimens, although the direct measurement of fracture toughness is possible using the same small Charpy specimens fatigue precracked to produce acceptable fracture toughness three-point bend specimens. This paper first examines the current Charpy-based approach and the development of a recent embrittlement correlation that has been incorporated into ASTM E 900-02, “Guide for Predicting Radiation-Induced Transition Temperature Shift in Reactor Vessel Materials.” This correlation provides the latest mechanistically-guided approach to assess the changes in transition temperature shift. This same correlation and mechanistic guidance can be used with measured fracture toughness data developed following ASTM E 1921-02 to account for differences in surveillance material versus actual vessel material. Additionally, environmental parameters such as fluence and temperature also can be adjusted between different irradiation facilities using this latest correlation. This paper focuses on the application of the new ASTM E 900-02 correlation to Charpy-based and fracture toughness-based measurements to develop the best predictive approach for assuring structural integrity of reactor vessel materials. Key technical issues important for extended vessel life also are discussed.
9
Ye, Yaoxin, Jun Zhao e Pengfei Bao. "Verification and Validation of JMCT Monte Carlo Code in CPR1000". In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93545.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The Monte Carlo method is essential in field of nuclear engineering and has been widely applied in reactor particle simulation owing to the rapid development of computer technology. Academic institutes and organizations of different countries have developed their own Monte Carlo code. The JMCT code is a Monte Carlo particle transport code developed by the China Academy of Engineering Physics. Before the JMCT Monte Carlo code is applied to the design of new nuclear power plant, the verification and validation (V&V) of the code on the operating reactors is necessary. In this work, the V&V of the JMCT code on criticality calculation and fixed-source calculation was performed on the operating CPR1000 reactors. First, the full core pin-by-pin model of CPR1000 was established and the criticality calculation was performed. Then, the 1/4 core model with irradiation surveillance capsules (ISC) of CPR1000 was established and the fixed-source calculation was performed. The calculation results of JMCT were compared to the reference code and the measured values in the ISC.
10
Brumovsky´, Milan, e Milos Kytka. "Current Issues in Operated WWER Type RPVs". In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48713.
Abstract (sommario):
RPVs of WWER type reactors are manufactured from other type of steels (15Kh2MFA of Cr-Mo-V type for WWER-440 and 15Kh2NMFA of Ni-Cr-Mo-V type for WWER-1000) and according to other Codes and standards than PWR ones, thus some specific problems are currently more important for WWER. The principal problem lies in relatively small number of manufactured and operated WWER type NPPs. Even though a high level of unification in RPVs exists — practically only two designs of RPVs exists (WWER-440 and WWER-1000) — total number is still small. All WWER-440 RPV are practically identical, either they were manufactured for V-230 or V-213 model: the only difference is in the purity of used materials and existence/non-existence of the surveillance programmes. (Fact that some V-230 type vessels were not covered by austenitic cladding is not important from irradiation effects point of view.) Regarding WWER-440/V-230 types, it is necessary to take into account, that even though most of them were successfully annealed, only some of them are still in operation but most of them will be closed in near future. Similar situation is with WWER-1000 RPVs, either they were manufactured for V-320 (most frequent), or V-338 or the newest V-428 — differences are practically only in the content of nickel in critical weldments and/or in design of surveillance specimens capsules. But, Large advantage of all WWER surveillance programmes is in loading static fracture toughness specimens in all programmes. The papers tries to summarize and analyze all current issues connected with radiation embrittlement of operated reactor pressure vessels of WWER type.