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1
Buu-Sao, Doris, e Leny Patinaux. "Renouveau extractif et verdissement de l’industrie face au changement climatique". Écologie & politique N° 68, n. 1 (3 maggio 2024): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecopo1.068.0011.
Abstract (sommario):
L’introduction de ce dossier expose l’intérêt heuristique de penser conjointement le verdissement de l’extraction minière et l’implantation d’installations de production d’énergie renouvelable. Cette comparaison permet de discuter le concept d’« extractivisme vert » et d’interroger, au-delà des discours, les changements qu’introduit la « transition énergétique ». Pour cela, nous adoptons une démarche au ras du sol, au plus près des pratiques des acteurs et de la matérialité des processus productifs. Ce faisant, cette introduction présente les trois axes qui structurent le dossier : d’abord, l’analyse localisée des discours de transition, ensuite, l’articulation entre action publique et action privée, et enfin, l’étude des dynamiques d’accumulation du capital et des nuisances industrielles à l’heure de l’impératif de « transition écologique ».
2
Brodie, Patrick. "Climate extraction and supply chains of data". Media, Culture & Society 42, n. 7-8 (4 marzo 2020): 1095–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443720904601.
Abstract (sommario):
The global data center industry relies on what this article defines as ‘climate extraction’. Through this peculiar but critical infrastructure for global Internet operations, a focus on Ireland reveals the entanglements of state, corporate, and environmental actors within the extractive calculations of transnational companies. Ireland has been advertised to and by data center developers because of its ‘cool’ climate while downplaying the importance of its low corporate tax rate and the government and planning system’s favorable treatment of big tech companies. Public discourses around big tech ‘greenwash’ power and contribute to a material climate (both atmospheric and infrastructural) from which value can be extracted. This is achieved by extracting for and from data circulation through the built and ‘natural’ environment. This article articulates the ways in which the spatial development of data centers as ‘strategic infrastructure’ contributes to the ongoing naturalization of capital and state power’s entanglements with the so-called natural world through technological systems.
3
López, Emiliano, e Francisco Vértiz. "Extractivism, Transnational Capital, and Subaltern Struggles in Latin America". Latin American Perspectives 42, n. 5 (5 novembre 2014): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x14549538.
Abstract (sommario):
Development projects at the national level in Latin American countries are linked with the needs of global transnational extractive-rentier capital accumulation. The concept of unequal geographic development is useful for understanding the articulation between the strategies of transnational capital in the extraction of minerals, hydrocarbons, and agri-foods and the national-scale development projects expressed in the political and economic configurations of the states of the region. This articulation must be approached in terms of the conflictive relations between dominant and subaltern actors and the way in which they are expressed in the structure of the state. Analysis of three concrete cases of subaltern struggles against the strategies of extractive-rentier transnational capital (Peru, Ecuador, and Argentina) reveal the limits and possibilities of transcending local-level disputes to produce a development project that is an alternative to extractivism on the national and continental levels. Los proyectos de desarrollo a escala nacional de los países de América Latina están vinculados con las necesidades de la acumulación global del capital transnacional extractivo-rentista. El concepto de desarrollos geográficos desiguales ayuda a comprender la articulación existente entre las estrategias del capital transnacional que se ubica en la extracción de minerales, hidrocarburos y agro-alimentos y los proyectos de desarrollo a escala nacional que se expresan en las configuraciones políticas y económicas de los estados de la región. Dicha articulación entre escalas debe abordarse a partir de las relaciones conflictivas entre actores dominantes y subalternos y la forma concreta en que estas relaciones se expresan en la estructura estatal. Un análisis de tres casos concretos de luchas subalternas de oposición a las estrategias del capital transnacional extractivo-rentista (Perú, Ecuador y Argentina) revela los límites y las posibilidades de traspasar las disputas en el plano local para posicionar un proyecto de desarrollo alternativo al extractivismo en escala nacional y continental.
4
Wang, H., X. Ning, H. Zhang, Y. Liu e F. Yu. "URBAN BOUNDARY EXTRACTION AND URBAN SPRAWL MEASUREMENT USING HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES: A CASE STUDY OF CHINA’S PROVINCIAL". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (30 aprile 2018): 1713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1713-2018.
Abstract (sommario):
Urban boundary is an important indicator for urban sprawl analysis. However, methods of urban boundary extraction were inconsistent, and construction land or urban impervious surfaces was usually used to represent urban areas with coarse-resolution images, resulting in lower precision and incomparable urban boundary products. To solve above problems, a semi-automatic method of urban boundary extraction was proposed by using high-resolution image and geographic information data. Urban landscape and form characteristics, geographical knowledge were combined to generate a series of standardized rules for urban boundary extraction. Urban boundaries of China’s 31 provincial capitals in year 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were extracted with above-mentioned method. Compared with other two open urban boundary products, accuracy of urban boundary in this study was the highest. Urban boundary, together with other thematic data, were integrated to measure and analyse urban sprawl. Results showed that China’s provincial capitals had undergone a rapid urbanization from year 2000 to 2015, with the area change from 6520 square kilometres to 12398 square kilometres. Urban area of provincial capital had a remarkable region difference and a high degree of concentration. Urban land became more intensive in general. Urban sprawl rate showed inharmonious with population growth rate. About sixty percent of the new urban areas came from cultivated land. The paper provided a consistent method of urban boundary extraction and urban sprawl measurement using high-resolution remote sensing images. The result of urban sprawl of China’s provincial capital provided valuable urbanization information for government and public.
5
Canterbury, Dennis C. "Capitalismo extractivo, imperialismo extractivo e imperialismo: una aclaración". Estudios Críticos del Desarrollo 8, n. 15 (29 novembre 2018): 117–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/ecd.0815.dcc.
Abstract (sommario):
In this article the «extractive capitalism», the «extractive imperialism» and the «imperialism» are analyzed in order to clear out the confusion on the debate about neoextractivism caused by the interchangeable usage of these concepts. Urgent attention is required to reinforce the comprehension about the underlying class struggle in the extractive industries. The strating point is the counterpoint developed by Petras and Veltmeyer about the theorical and political issues of the state role in their review concerning the theory of neoextractivism. In order to understand their arguments is necessary to involve the three concepts. Their analysis about the relation between capitalism and imperialism is crucial to understand the extractive capitalism and the extractive imperialism. The argument is that the extractivism is the incarnation of a particular form of productive activity in the capitalist era that deepens the capitalism in the capitalist periphery. The extraction of natural resources is not a purely capitalist process or imperialist; the human beings have extracted their livelihood from the nature since the primitive communalism until the current capitalism. It is not the specific productive activity of extracting natural resources, that is capitalist or imperialist, since the capitalism, and by extension, the imperialism is associated with a variety of productive activities. The productive activity must have a place inside a capital-work salaried nexus in order to belong to a capitalist kind. Some of the first expositions about the definitions of this concepts are reviewed to help the activists to have a clear comprehension about the debate of the neoextractivism.
6
Chen, Wan-Jiun, e Chien-Ho Wang. "A General Cross-Country Panel Analysis for the Effects of Capitals and Energy, on Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions". Sustainability 12, n. 15 (23 luglio 2020): 5916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155916.
Abstract (sommario):
To clarify the effects of generalized capitals and energy footprint on aggregate incomes and total carbon dioxide emissions, a cross-country panel analysis is applied in the present study. The generalized capitals included in this study are human capital, manufacture capital, natural capitals (as rents of fossil fuels, forest, and minerals). The energy footprint is represented by the primary energy consumption to index the overall domestic energy use. A Cobb–Douglas production function is used to empirically study on a panel of 21 European Union countries. Annual data of rents of natural capitals are used to represent the economic value of natural capitals that flows to the economy. The following are the main findings of this study: (1) Employing human and manufactural capital makes contributions to income growth and carbon reduction. This study’s evidence guides to clarify the misunderstanding of capital and capitalism. Innovations through well-developed and well-managed human and manufactured capital can help sustain income and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. (2) Energy footprint is the vital determinant to total carbon dioxide emissions and hence the most important part of climate policy. (3) The value currently commeasured by monetary terms and compiled by the World Bank is evidenced, not persistently contributed to the income, rather contributed to total carbon dioxide emissions, for the sake of the energy-intensive attributes in the resource-extracting industry. The natural capitals represented by the rent of extracting endowed natural resources can only represent part of the value of natural capitals to human beings. The virtue values of natural capitals in terms of amenity and life supporting are inevitable, but intangible and hence incommensurable. This value is still ignored and unable to enter the contemporary gate of monetary national accounting system.
7
Mao, Haibo, Joseph M. Genco, Adriaan van Heiningen e Hemant Pendse. "Kraft mill biorefinery to produce acetic acid and ethanol: Technical economic analysis". BioResources 5, n. 2 (4 febbraio 2010): 525–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.2.525-544.
Abstract (sommario):
The “near neutral hemicellulose extraction process” involves extraction of hemicellulose using green liquor prior to kraft pulping. Ancillary unit operations include hydrolysis of the extracted carbohydrates using sulfuric acid, removal of extracted lignin, liquid-liquid extraction of acetic acid, liming followed by separation of gypsum, fermentation of C5 and C6 sugars, and upgrading the acetic acid and ethanol products by distillation. The process described here is a variant of the “near neutral hemicellulose extraction process” that uses the minimal amount of green liquor to maximize sugar production while still maintaining the strength quality of the final kraft pulp. Production rates vary between 2.4 to 6.6 million gallons per year of acetic acid and 1.0 and 5.6 million gallons per year of ethanol, depending upon the pulp production rate. The discounted cash flow rate of return for the process is a strong function of plant size, and the capital investment depends on the complexity of the process. For a 1,000 ton per day pulp mill, the production cost for ethanol was estimated to vary between $1.63 and $2.07/gallon, and for acetic acid between $1.98 and $2.75 per gallon depending upon the capital equipment requirements for the new process. To make the process economically attractive, for smaller mill sizes the processing must be simplified to facilitate reductions in capital cost.
8
Esposito, Elena, e Scott F. Abramson. "The European coal curse". Journal of Economic Growth 26, n. 1 (marzo 2021): 77–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10887-021-09187-w.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractIn this paper we examine the impact of natural resource wealth by focusing on historical coal-mining across European regions. As an exogenous source of variation in coal extraction activities, we rely on the presence of coal-deposits located on the earth’s surface, which historically facilitated the discovery and extraction of coal. Our results show that former coal-mining regions are substantially poorer, with (at least) 10% smaller per-capita GDP than comparable regions in the same country that did not mine coal. We provide evidence that much of this lag is explained by lower levels of human capital accumulation and that this human-capital effect is concentrated in men. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that the persistently lower levels of human capital in coal mining regions that we document result from the crystallization of negative attitudes towards education and lower future orientations in these regions.
9
Ezquerro-Cañete, Arturo. "Canadian Capital and Extractive Imperialism". Latin American Perspectives 46, n. 2 (31 gennaio 2019): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x19829120.
10
Orozco, Rebeca. "El avance neoliberal del capital extractivo en México: despojo y conflicto en la frontera extractiva". Estudios Críticos del Desarrollo 12, n. 22 (8 maggio 2022): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/ecd.1222.ro.
Abstract (sommario):
En años recientes el extractivismo se ha agudizado, expandiendo sus operaciones en América Latina. México ha insertado su economía en la división internacional del trabajo de manera subordinada como proveedora de fuerza de trabajo barata y materias primas; es decir, mediante la superexplotación del trabajo y el despojo de bienes naturales. Las reformas estructurales neoliberales abrieron el camino para la penetración de inversión extranjera en actividades maquiladoras y extractivas en el país. Aunque la economía de México no ha sido reprimarizada al mismo grado que otros países de América Latina, las actividades extractivas se han expandido considerablemente desde las últimas décadas del siglo pasado. Actualmente, México es el productor de plata más grande del mundo y se ubica en el top diez internacional en la producción de oro, cobre y zinc. En este artículo se analiza el caso a México como un tipo de extractivismo neoliberal, enfocado principalmente en la minería, la actividad extractiva clásica. Se enfatiza el papel del Estado mexicano para facilitar el avance del capital extractivo y la expansión de las actividades mineras en México, y se plantea que las reformas neoliberales, junto con el desarrollo de tecnología de punta para la extracción y procesamiento de metales preciosos, como el oro y la plata, permitieron la expansión de la frontera extractiva hacia territorios previamente considerados como improductivos, los cuales están habitados principalmente por comunidades indígenas y campesinas.
11
Chávez-Penha, Rodrigo, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira e Mário Círio Nogueira. "Age-Period-Cohort Study of Breast Cancer Mortality in Brazil in State Capitals and in Non-Capital Municipalities from 1980 to 2019". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n. 15 (2 agosto 2023): 6505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156505.
Abstract (sommario):
Breast cancer was identified as the cancer with the highest mortality rate among women in Brazil. This study analyzed the effects of age, period and birth cohort on the breast cancer mortality rate for Brazilian women, comparing state capitals and non-capital municipalities. Population and deaths data were extracted from the Brazilian Unified Health System database for women aged 30 years or older, for the years between 1980 and 2019. The effects were analyzed using the age-period-cohort model. Age effect on breast cancer mortality is observed in the model through higher mortality rates at older ages. Period effect is similar in all regions in the form of a marked increase in the rate ratio (RR) in non-capital municipalities by period than in state capitals. The RR of birth cohorts in the state capitals remained stable (north, northeast and central-west regions) or decreased followed by an increase in the most recent cohorts (Brazil as a whole and the southeast and south regions). The RR for the other municipalities, however, showed a progressive increase in the cohorts for all regions. Policies and actions focused on breast cancer in women should consider these differences among Brazilian regions, state capitals and other municipalities.
12
Ding, Lin, Hanchao Zhang e Deren Li. "Monitoring and Analysis of Urban Sprawl Based on Road Network Data and High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery: A Case Study of China's Provincial Capitals". Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 88, n. 7 (1 luglio 2022): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.22-00017r2.
Abstract (sommario):
The primary prerequisite for sustainable urban development is to accurately grasp the development of the city. The dynamic changes in the urban area can reflect the urban expansion process and spatial development model. Carrying out urban expansion monitoring and extracting urban areas is of great importance for grasping the law of urban development and promoting the sustainable development of cities. However, the related research reveals several problems such as insufficient accuracy and low intelligence of urban boundary extraction. In response to these problems, this paper proposes a new method for urban area extraction based on the progressive learning model. By combining prior knowledge and image features, the number of training samples required for machine learning is reduced, and the problem of using high-level semantic information expression in the process of urban areas is avoided by using the classification method, and thus the accuracy of urban area extraction is improved. The method uses urban road network data to divide the city into blocks. It applies the scene classification method to extract the urban areas and uses the pyramid layer-by-layer to carry out the space constraint method to integrate the urban extraction principle into the machine learning process, which can be obtained and kept artificial under a small sample condition. Extracting the effect of the urban area is very close, greatly reducing the workload and providing a new solution for high-precision automatic extraction of urban areas. Through the analysis of urban expansion, the following results were obtained: (1) from 2000 to 2015, China's provincial capital cities maintained a high-speed growth trend with a total area increased by 90%; (2) urban expansion showed significant regional differences. The eastern expansion rate gradually slowed down, the western and northeast regions accelerated their expansion, and the central region expanded steadily; (3) 61% of the provincial capital cities expanded exponentially; (4) the development of China's provincial capital cities was highly correlated with national urban development policies and regional development strategies.
13
Perepelkin, Viacheslav, e Elena Perepelkina. "Reduction Of An Economy's Raw Material Dependence And The Human Capital Of A Country". Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 20, n. 1 (9 marzo 2017): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0004.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper evaluates the raw material dependence of two export-oriented oil and gas extracting countries. We find evidence of presence of the Dutch disease in both countries and of the resource curse in Russia. Reduction of volumes of crude oil and natural gas production and exports, compensated by the growth of value added in other kinds of economic activity, suggests that Norway is gradually overcoming the Dutch disease by means of expanded reproduction of human capital. On the other hand, extraction of hydrocarbons may remain a driver of the Russian economic growth.
14
Bernauer, Warren. "“Regulatory capture” and “extractive hegemony”: the relevance of Nicos Poulantzas’ theory of the state to contemporary environmental politics in Canada". Human Geography 13, n. 2 (luglio 2020): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942778620944573.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper considers the relevance of Nicos Poulantzas’ theory of the state to debates about hydrocarbon extraction and environmental assessment in Canada. I begin with a brief summary of Poulanztas’ work, followed by an overview of the politics of hydrocarbon extraction in Canada. Next, I examine recent public policy debates about the assessment and regulation of energy extraction in Canada. These debates, which focus on the concept of “regulatory capture,” fall victim to many of the problems Poulantzas identifies with instrumentalist approaches to the state. Critical accounts of regulatory capture have helped expose the fact that oil companies exercise an incredible degree of control over the Canadian state. However, it offers limited guidance for long-term strategies to confront extractive capital. In the section on “Environmental assessment and extractive hegemony,” I draw on Poulantzas to examine recent academic debates about the role of environmental assessment in the reproduction of extractive capitalism in Canada. Scholars have shown a more nuanced understanding of the power dynamics at play in the assessment and regulation of energy projects in Canada. Nevertheless, engagement with Poulantzas’ work can help deepen and expand these critiques, especially his emphasis on the role of state-organized material concessions in producing consent to capitalism.
15
Sankey, Kyla. "Extractive Capital, Imperialism, and the Colombian State". Latin American Perspectives 45, n. 5 (15 giugno 2018): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x18782982.
Abstract (sommario):
Since the turn of the century, Colombia has become increasingly dependent on mining exports to drive economic growth. While the surge in mining investments in Colombia and the problems associated with this form of economic development have received much attention from scholars and policy analysts, the common explanation is that the state has been undermined or eroded by emergent global forces. However, nation-states should be seen not as victims but as authors and enforcers of new processes of capital accumulation. The Colombian state has acted as the principal guarantor of the political and territorial conditions necessary for this form of extractive capitalism by reconstituting property and contract laws, signing free-trade agreements, reconfiguring the internal state apparatus. and expanding military forces. Desde el principio del siglo, Colombia se ha vuelto cada vez más dependiente de las exportaciones mineras para impulsar el crecimiento económico. Si bien el aumento de las inversiones mineras en Colombia y los problemas asociados con esta forma de desarrollo económico han recibido mucha atención por parte de académicos y analistas de políticas, la explicación común es que el estado ha sido socavado o erosionado por las fuerzas globales emergentes. Sin embargo, los Estados-nación deberían ser vistos no como víctimas sino como autores y ejecutores de nuevos procesos de acumulación de capital. El estado colombiano ha actuado como el principal garante de las condiciones políticas y territoriales necesarias para esta forma de capitalismo extractivo mediante la reconstitución de las leyes de propiedad y contratos, la firma de acuerdos de libre comercio, la reconfiguración del aparato estatal interno, y la expansión de fuerzas militares.
16
Olsen, Trond E. "Resource extraction and capital investments under uncertainty". Resources and Energy 9, n. 3 (ottobre 1987): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0572(87)90007-7.
17
SÜMER, EMRE, e MUSTAFA TURKER. "AUTOMATED EXTRACTION OF PHOTOREALISTIC FACADE TEXTURES FROM SINGLE GROUND-LEVEL BUILDING IMAGES". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 28, n. 04 (giugno 2014): 1455007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001414550076.
Abstract (sommario):
An integrated approach is presented for the automatic extraction of photorealistic facade textures from single street-level building images. The initial facade texture is extracted using Watershed segmentation. The seed pixels (markers) to trigger the segmentation are located automatically both for the foreground (facade) and the background regions, and the segmentation is carried out repetitively until the facade texture is extracted. The extracted facade image is geometrically rectified using a developed automatic technique based on Hough transformation and interest point detection. The occluded areas on facade textures are restored by employing an image matching-based procedure. The approach was tested on two different datasets captured from the residential areas of Ankara, the capital of Turkey. The datasets contain a total of 40 building facade images that were taken from the street-level. The results indicate that the facade textures are extracted adequately. For facade image extraction, an average quantitative accuracy of 83% was achieved. For rectification, 24 out of 40 buildings provided the positional error under 10 pixels at 95% confidence level. The subjective assessment of facade restoration yielded the mean rating value of 2.46 for the datasets used, in which the rating values are ranked between 1 for "Excellent" and 6 for "Unusable".
18
Mishra, Pratik. "Surplus population in-situ". focaal 2023, n. 97 (1 dicembre 2023): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2023.970105.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The article follows how migrant brick kiln molders are affected and adapt to short and long periods of suspension of work. In brick kilns near Delhi, involuntary idle time is revealed as an important modality of surplus extraction. While idleness is prevalent within many forms of work, idle time in the brick kilns operates at the intersection of other relations, namely, piece-rate wages, debt bondage, and capital's control over social reproduction space and time. It enables capital to flexibly move workers in and out of paid labor while extracting unpaid work and acts as an in-situ mode of rendering workers relative surplus population. Through enacting literal wagelessness and perpetuating wageless life, the article reads idle time as a time regime of capital, breaching and producing instabilities within workers’ life and leisure.
19
Fei, Shiruo, Jing-Yun Zeng e Chang-Hyun Jin. "The Role of Consumer’ Social Capital on Ethical Consumption and Consumer Happiness". SAGE Open 12, n. 2 (aprile 2022): 215824402210950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221095026.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of consumer’ social capital which are social participation, social networking, and reciprocity and also analyzed how the social capitals possessed by consumers affect ethical consumption behaviors, and examine how ethical consumption behaviors affect consumer happiness. The samples were randomly extracted from a list of consumer panels registered with a multinational survey institute. Within the budget limit of this study, 2,000 persons were extracted considering the sample size. The main page of the questionnaire requested the subjects to answer to the question asking whether they had any experience in using ethical products or brands. Those who answered no were requested to quit answering the questionnaire. The total number of valid samples was 1,509. Social trust, social participation, and reciprocity, which are the components of social capitals, were found to have positive effects on eco-friendly ethical consumption behaviors, and social-economic-oriented ethical consumption behaviors. Eco-friendly and social-economic-oriented ethical consumption behaviors were found to affect consumer happiness. In additional analyses too, social capitals were found to affect the determination of consumer happiness to some extent. The findings of this study provide valuable information for the investigation of the causal relationships between the system of organization of the ethical consumption behaviors of consumers and the predisposing factors or outcomes of consumer happiness.
20
Fei, Shiruo, Jing-Yun Zeng e Chang-Hyun Jin. "The Role of Consumer’ Social Capital on Ethical Consumption and Consumer Happiness". SAGE Open 12, n. 2 (aprile 2022): 215824402210950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221095026.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of consumer’ social capital which are social participation, social networking, and reciprocity and also analyzed how the social capitals possessed by consumers affect ethical consumption behaviors, and examine how ethical consumption behaviors affect consumer happiness. The samples were randomly extracted from a list of consumer panels registered with a multinational survey institute. Within the budget limit of this study, 2,000 persons were extracted considering the sample size. The main page of the questionnaire requested the subjects to answer to the question asking whether they had any experience in using ethical products or brands. Those who answered no were requested to quit answering the questionnaire. The total number of valid samples was 1,509. Social trust, social participation, and reciprocity, which are the components of social capitals, were found to have positive effects on eco-friendly ethical consumption behaviors, and social-economic-oriented ethical consumption behaviors. Eco-friendly and social-economic-oriented ethical consumption behaviors were found to affect consumer happiness. In additional analyses too, social capitals were found to affect the determination of consumer happiness to some extent. The findings of this study provide valuable information for the investigation of the causal relationships between the system of organization of the ethical consumption behaviors of consumers and the predisposing factors or outcomes of consumer happiness.
21
Fei, Shiruo, Jing-Yun Zeng e Chang-Hyun Jin. "The Role of Consumer’ Social Capital on Ethical Consumption and Consumer Happiness". SAGE Open 12, n. 2 (aprile 2022): 215824402210950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221095026.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of consumer’ social capital which are social participation, social networking, and reciprocity and also analyzed how the social capitals possessed by consumers affect ethical consumption behaviors, and examine how ethical consumption behaviors affect consumer happiness. The samples were randomly extracted from a list of consumer panels registered with a multinational survey institute. Within the budget limit of this study, 2,000 persons were extracted considering the sample size. The main page of the questionnaire requested the subjects to answer to the question asking whether they had any experience in using ethical products or brands. Those who answered no were requested to quit answering the questionnaire. The total number of valid samples was 1,509. Social trust, social participation, and reciprocity, which are the components of social capitals, were found to have positive effects on eco-friendly ethical consumption behaviors, and social-economic-oriented ethical consumption behaviors. Eco-friendly and social-economic-oriented ethical consumption behaviors were found to affect consumer happiness. In additional analyses too, social capitals were found to affect the determination of consumer happiness to some extent. The findings of this study provide valuable information for the investigation of the causal relationships between the system of organization of the ethical consumption behaviors of consumers and the predisposing factors or outcomes of consumer happiness.
22
Daneau, Marcel. "L'économie de la Côte-Nord du golfe Saint-Laurent". Articles 11, n. 1-2 (12 aprile 2005): 17–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/055479ar.
Abstract (sommario):
L'économie de la Côte-Nord du golfe Saint-Laurent présente toutes les caractéristiques d'une région économiquement faible. Une proportion relativement élevée de la population œuvre dans l'industrie de la pêche, soit 53%; le chômage déguisé est considérable et les possibilités d'emploi hors de la pêche sont limitées; il y a peu de capital par tète et les revenus per capita sont faibles; les facilités de crédit et de mise en marché des produits de la pêche sont limitées; le développement technique dans la phase extractive de l'industrie de la pêche est insuffisant, les moyens de communication et de transport sont inadéquats.
23
Veltmeyer, Henry. "Algunos problemas del marxismo". Estudios Críticos del Desarrollo 8, n. 15 (29 novembre 2018): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/ecd.0815.hv.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines three key concepts in the analysis of the problems of capitalist development in the first two decades of the 21st Century. First, extractivist capitalism or capitalist development in its extractivist form, which refers to the advance of capital invested in the acquisition of land and the extraction of natural resources for export in primary commodity form. Second, the debate around the theory of value-labor that has assumed renewed strength in the context of the advances of extractive capital as part of the development of productive forces. Third, the concept of superexploitation advanced by Ruy Marini, with reference to mechanisms that allow for the remuneration of labor on the periphery of the world system at a level below the value (the value of labor power, the commodity that workers seek to exchange against capital for a living wage). Fourth, the formation of a global reserve army of intellectual labor, qualified to participate in the construction of scientific knowledge concentrated in centers of technological innovation. Finally, the article addresses the dynamics of productive and social transformation that accompanies each advance of capital in the development process.
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Jiang, Meng, Paul Behrens, Tao Wang, Zhipeng Tang, Yadong Yu, Dingjiang Chen, Lin Liu et al. "Provincial and sector-level material footprints in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n. 52 (16 dicembre 2019): 26484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903028116.
Abstract (sommario):
High-income countries often outsource material demands to poorer countries along with the associated environmental damage. This phenomenon can also occur within (large) countries, such as China, which was responsible for 24 to 30% of the global material footprint (MF) between 2007 and 2010. Understanding the distribution and development of China’s MF is hence critical for resource efficiency and circular economy ambitions globally. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of China’s MF at the provincial and sectoral levels. We combine provincial-level input–output data with sector- and province-specific trade data, detailed material extraction data, and the global input–output database EXIOBASE. We find that some provinces have MFs equivalent to medium-sized, high-income countries and limited evidence of material decoupling. Lower-income regions with high levels of material extraction can have an MF per capita as large as developed provinces due to much higher material intensities. The higher-income south-coastal provinces have lower MF per capita than equally developed provinces. This finding relates partly to differences in economic structure but indicates the potential for improvement across provinces. Investment via capital formation is up to 4 times more resource-intensive than consumption and drives 49 to 86% of provincial-level MFs (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average is 37%). Resource-efficient production, efficient use of capital goods/infrastructure, and circular design are essential for reductions in China’s MF. Policy efforts to shift to a high-quality development model may reduce material intensities, preferably while avoiding the further outsourcing of high-intensity activities to other provinces or lower-income countries.
25
Bresnihan, Patrick, e Patrick Brodie. "Data sinks, carbon services: Waste, storage and energy cultures on Ireland’s peat bogs". New Media & Society 25, n. 2 (febbraio 2023): 361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614448221149948.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines strategies by the Irish state to phase out the extraction and burning of peat as a carbon fuel source in relation to the growing energy demands of data centres. One of the major proposals within the ‘just transition’ for post-extractive peat boglands is to incentivise the construction of data centres and associated energy infrastructures alongside bog reclamation projects to encourage carbon sequestration. These entangled plans for data, energy and carbon ‘storage’, driven by large-scale and transformative relations to boglands, inherit colonial ways of valuing bogs as ‘wastelands’ that must be put to work for industrial capital. We argue that through paired digital and green industrial strategies, the transformative energy cultures and frontiers of capital continue to expand beyond the apparent sites of data and energy infrastructural development, penetrating deeper into the earth and its atmosphere.
26
Sadowski, Jathan. "When data is capital: Datafication, accumulation, and extraction". Big Data & Society 6, n. 1 (gennaio 2019): 205395171882054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951718820549.
Abstract (sommario):
The collection and circulation of data is now a central element of increasingly more sectors of contemporary capitalism. This article analyses data as a form of capital that is distinct from, but has its roots in, economic capital. Data collection is driven by the perpetual cycle of capital accumulation, which in turn drives capital to construct and rely upon a universe in which everything is made of data. The imperative to capture all data, from all sources, by any means possible influences many key decisions about business models, political governance, and technological development. This article argues that many common practices of data accumulation should actually be understood in terms of data extraction, wherein data is taken with little regard for consent and compensation. By understanding data as a form capital, we can better analyse the meaning, practices, and implications of datafication as a political economic regime.
27
Mirman, Leonard J., e Ted To. "Strategic resource extraction, capital accumulation and overlapping generations". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 50, n. 2 (settembre 2005): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2005.01.001.
28
Rowse, John, e David Yeung. "Resource price dynamics with non-malleable extraction capital". Economics Letters 42, n. 4 (gennaio 1993): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(93)90096-u.
29
NIKOLIĆ, GORAN, e SLADJANA ZDRAVKOVIĆ. "THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE YUGOSLAV AND TURKISH ECONOMIES’ GROWTH IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD (1918-1941)". Kultura polisa, n. 45 (3 luglio 2021): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2021.18.2r.3.01.
Abstract (sommario):
In the interwar period, Turkey and Yugoslavia, despite all their differences, have approximately similar economic performance. Namely, during the 1930s, the two countries recorded very similar levels of the most important indicator of the state of an economy, which implicitly indicates the level of living standards, GDP per capita (at purchasing power parity). Yugoslavia, like Turkey, was a predominantly agrarian country with underdeveloped industry, where the main aggravating factors for more intensive economic development was, in addition to the lack of capital, the insufficiency of skilled labor, and rapid population growth. Despite the significant progress made in industry and mining, both countries have retained the characteristics of industrially underdeveloped or agrarian-extractive economies, with only about 11% of employees in industry and crafts activities. Despite the above-average GDP growth per capita of Turkey of 1.8% in the period 1913-1939, and the average one for Yugoslavia (1.1%), at the end of the observed period they remained at a very low relative level looking at GDP per capita, and consequently among the most underdeveloped countries in Europe.
30
Voelcker, Becca. "Climate, Capital, and Colonialism: A Congolese Perspective". Journal of Climate Resilience and Justice 1 (2023): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/crcj_a_00010.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract How do global inequities inherited from the past continue to profit some people and devastate the lives and lands of others? How is the contemporary physical environment suffused with traces of colonialism and how do its infrastructures accommodate neocolonial practices of extractive capitalism? What can artists, designers, and architects do to expose injustice and call for structural change? These are some of the questions the Congolese artist Sammy Baloji discusses with Dr. Becca Voelcker in a critical conversation about climate resilience and justice that considers colonial history and our extractive capitalist present.
31
Canterbury, Dennis C. "El capitalismo extractivo: el caso de Guyana". Estudios Críticos del Desarrollo 3, n. 4 (20 gennaio 2013): 145–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/ecd.0304.dcc.
Abstract (sommario):
El propósito de este artículo es analizar la actual situación de las industrias extractivas de Guyana a la luz de la creciente demanda global de minerales. Se centra, principalmente, en la minería de bauxita y oro, que constituye el corazón de las industrias extractivas en el país. ¿Cuál es el actual papel del capital extractivo en Guyana en el actual barullo por los minerales de las economías emergentes y los países capitalistas ricos? La observación básica es la siguiente: el capital de las economías emergentes está dedicado activamente a la producción de bauxita, mientras que el capital de los países capitalistas ricos se dedica a la exploración de yacimientos de metales que están a punto de comenzar la producción. En ausencia de una mina de oro de gran escala de propiedad extranjera, las minas de oro más pequeñas que se caracterizan por el capital nacional dominan el sector, que en la actualidad es el principal encargado de atraer divisas extranjeras al país.
32
Acacio, Juan Antonio. "Conflictos y demandas indígenas por el territorio frente al avance de la frontera hidrocarburífera en la provincia de Neuquén, Argentina". Razón Crítica, n. 14 (17 novembre 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1929.
Abstract (sommario):
Este trabajo indaga sobre los conflictos territoriales que experimenta el pueblo mapuche en la provincia argentina de Neuquén respecto al avance de la frontera extractiva hidrocarburífera. Desde una perspectiva de análisis sociológica cualitativa, se analizó la conflictividad originada por la explotación de hidrocarburos convencionales en la provincia, centrándose en las disputas generadas por el nuevo avance del capital extractivo para la explotación de hidrocarburos no convencionales mediante la técnica del fracking. El análisis retoma la construcción de la territorialidad de las comunidades mapuche, sus estrategias de acción colectiva y el lugar que tienen los procesos judiciales para dirimir los conflictos.
33
Strovsky, Vladimir, Oksana Logvinenko, Irina Moor e Natalia Pustokhina. "Resource conservation as a condition for preserving non-renewable natural capital". E3S Web of Conferences 177 (2020): 05021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017705021.
Abstract (sommario):
The article overviews the problem of slowing down the rates of natural non-renewable sources depletion in the process of resources development. The goal of the presented research is to justify the implementation of the most appropriate method of carrying out a complete resource development process by incorporating the mining and raw material extraction facilities available in the country. The study provides scientific evidence of a large-scale harmful impact caused by the raw materials development to all the elements of the biosphere and their interdependence. The presented research also demonstrates that solving the problem of resource-conservation is a first-hand priority due to the fact that there is in a close interconnection between the levels of environmental pollution and the levels of natural resources extraction. The solution to the problem of natural resources conservation is based on the concept of implementing environmentally clean technology (ECT); this technology gives an opportunity for developing a concept of the best available technology (BAT) and the concept of a closed-loop supply, the latter of which has become widely-used as a form of circular economy. The authors of the article have also suggested a systematic range of techniques aimed at extracting following resources in full capacity: commercial resources, non¬commercial resources, overburden rocks and man-made mineral formations. The authors of the article suggest the necessity for enlarging the scope of available mineral resources by ensuring governmental support and developing small deposits, first and foremost focusing on the territories with a developed infrastructure and which had previously been developed. The ideas presented in the article express and support the necessity for prospective implementation of the mining factories waste products as a reserve for mineral and raw materials resources; as well as the necessity for increasing their production rates from the circular economy perspective. Some measures which would help to accelerate this process are: improving the legislative system, developing mechanisms for economic incentive and providing various forms of state-business co¬operation.
34
Lindberg, Darcy. "Imaginary passports or the wealth of obligations: seeking the limits of adoption into indigenous societies". AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 14, n. 4 (18 ottobre 2018): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180118806382.
Abstract (sommario):
Adoption into an Indigenous society can be thick with obligations and relations if the adoptee understands they are entering into a legal order that organizes and regulates their new kinship relations. Implicit within these kinship orders are limits to what inclusion into an Indigenous society provides. Conversely, adoption can be used as a thin line of extraction, aiming at social capital within Indigenous communities. Adoptions void of an understanding of the legal order they should be accountable to, may be used in a way that circumvents obligations towards Indigenous stories, knowledge systems, and law, and to continue to prop up the modes of extraction of Indigenous cultural knowledge. A turn towards Indigenous laws and legal orders provide an accountability against those who may use adoption into an Indigenous society as a means for extractive, unreciprocated, personal gain.
35
Deneva, Aneta, e Jānis Grasis. "Bulgarian Mining Industry between Tradition and Innovation". E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401026.
Abstract (sommario):
Extractive activities are traditional for the Bulgarian economy and are part of the economic activity of the population since the establishment of the Bulgarian state. As an autonomous sector of the economy, they are approved after 1878. The initial extractive activities are carried out with the direct participation of foreign capital, mainly French, German and Belgian. The extraction of raw materials has always been among the priority economic areas. Not surprisingly with the first economic laws adopted by the Bulgarian Government is supported its development. A typical example in this respect is the law on the promotion of the local industry since 1909. Among the promotion activities are mining, metal industry, as well as the quarry and that for the processing of soil materials. The mining industry is an indispensable part of the structure of the Bulgarian economy, regardless of its transformations.
36
Karminskaya, Tatiana D., e Vadim F. Islamutdinov. "Influence of Higher and Vocational Education on the Economic Development of the KhMAO-Yugra Region". Economy of Region 17, n. 2 (giugno 2021): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-7.
Abstract (sommario):
The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra (KhMAO-Yugra) is classifie d a s on e o f Russia’ s norther n resource- extracting regions, the contribution of human capital to whose gross regional product (GRP) is typically negligible. In this context, the study investigated the impact of higher and vocational education on the development of the region’s economy. The objective of the research was to identify the direction and influence of human capital — in particular, higher and vocational education — on the economic development of KhMAO-Yugra. Despite the resource-extracting character of this region’s economy, its development can still be influenced by the quality of its human capital, as well as by institutional traps in the higher and vocational education system. Economic-statistical research methods — including multiple correlation and regression analysis — were used in combination with an abstract-logical approach. Along with an examination of the regional higher and vocational education system, the influence of its dynamic and structural factors on socio-economic development indicators is revealed. Predictions of GRP and average monthly salaries in KhMAO-Yugra until 2030 are offered. Institutional traps inherent in the region’s current higher and vocational education system are described. Factors identified as having the most significant positive impact include the number of postgraduate students, as well as bachelor-, specialist-, and masters-level graduates. The most harmful institutional traps are shown to be departmental affiliatio n, applica nt preference s, minim um tuiti on fee and low unemployment rate. If current trends in the region’s education and scientific systems are maintained, stagnation of its economy is likely to occur, resulting in a reduction of the region’s attractiveness to young professionals. The findings of the study can be applied when making changes to regional development programmes. More research is needed to determine economic development priorities in terms of human capital or resource extraction.
37
Feijó, João, e Aslak Orre. "Domination, Collaboration and Conflict in Cabo Delgado's History of Extractivism". Kronos 50, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2024): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9585/2024/v50a1.
Abstract (sommario):
A long history of extractive industries and activities have shaped the societies of northern Mozambique, and the Cabo Delgado province in particular. For centuries, the growing international demand on local resources had a great impact on the northern micro-societies. The demand for cheap labour and natural resources, ranging from ivory and cotton, to timber, rubies, land, gas and more, involved thousands of local actors in its extraction, reproducing systems of local power. The persistence of poverty, inequality and conflicts, as well as simmering and sometimes grand-scale violence, fits into a long-term trend of extractivism. Through a historical approach and field observations, we focus on the political economy of extracting natural resources. We point out the persisting basic patterns of extractivism that accompanied Mozambique's integration into global markets, and continued or even deepened, in the post-independence period. These activities are oriented towards foreign markets. They are instigated by foreign investment, but invariably carried out in collaboration with a chain of national gatekeepers. In a clientelist system, local elites resort to their proximity to the state to reproduce their power, often at the expense of state expropriation. Weak state institutions have the functional effect of reproducing the elites, also serving the interests of extractivist capital. It is, however, a system with many and profound contradictions, producing conflict and violence, which also recurrently put those interests at risk.
38
Rashid, Muhammad, Mohamed Drira e Basu Sharma. "Capital structure in the context of CEO’s rent extraction". Corporate Ownership and Control 11, n. 2 (2014): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i2c2p5.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper investigates the impact of earnings management on market return (by the proxies of discretionary accruals and earnings response coefficient/CAR regarded as accounting and market based earnings quality, respectively) along with a number of moderating (both governance and financial) variables in an emerging market context. Indonesia. Building on extant literature and using panel data approach, it examines 52 manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia stock exchange during 2007 to 2010 periods. Applying Modified Jones Model to measure earnings management, our regression analysis reveals that earnings management has significant negative influence of market return. Of the moderating variables, board size, leverage and firm size are showing significant effects on market return, but not the institutional ownership. Again, observing the use of moderator effects on earnings management, our findings confirm that board size has more predictive power than institutional ownership in deterring earnings management and weaken the association between earnings management and market return. Similarly, leverage has strengthened the relation between earnings management and market return showing more exposure to earnings management while firm size showing a tendency to weakening earnings management, on the contrary. These results have enormous implications for Indonesian corporate sector and policy makers in adopting appropriate governance measures to constrain earnings management and improve quality of earnings
39
Faruque, M. Omar. "Nationalist Imaginaries and Political Mobilization Against Global Extractive Capital". Critical Sociology 46, n. 7-8 (23 maggio 2020): 1251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920520925860.
Abstract (sommario):
Contemporary scholarship on neoliberal globalization and countermovement tends to focus on the global dimension of political struggles. The role of nationalist imaginaries in mobilizing grievances against neoliberal globalization receives little attention in this literature. This article probes these ideas using the case of NCBD, known for its political struggles against global extractive capital in Bangladesh. Drawing on critical globalization scholarship vis-à-vis the power of the state and the ability of countermovements to contest neoliberal globalization, the article analyzes how NCBD’s political imaginaries center on nature, nation, and the state to achieve its movement agenda. Based on qualitative data derived from a set of interviews and relevant organizational documents, it demonstrates the relevance of national scale as a movement site in mediating local and global questions for emancipatory political struggles. It explains how NCBD articulates nationalist imaginaries to mobilize a political vision of the “national” in an era of neoliberal globalism.
40
Emel, Jody, Matthew T. Huber e Madoshi H. Makene. "Extracting sovereignty: Capital, territory, and gold mining in Tanzania". Political Geography 30, n. 2 (febbraio 2011): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2010.12.007.
41
Gaudet, Gérard, e Pierre Lasserre. "Capital income taxation, depletion allowances, and nonrenewable resource extraction". Journal of Public Economics 29, n. 2 (marzo 1986): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(86)90005-8.
42
Olsen, Trond E. "Capital investments and resource extraction from non-identical deposits". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 17, n. 2 (settembre 1989): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(89)90027-2.
43
Strand, Jon. "Foreign aid, capital accumulation, and developing country resource extraction". Journal of Development Economics 38, n. 1 (gennaio 1992): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(92)90023-3.
44
Ma, Xiaolong, Chengming Li, Xiaohua Tong e Sicong Liu. "A New Fusion Approach for Extracting Urban Built-up Areas from Multisource Remotely Sensed Data". Remote Sensing 11, n. 21 (28 ottobre 2019): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212516.
Abstract (sommario):
Recent advances in the fusion technology of remotely sensed data have led to an increased availability of extracted urban information from multiple spatial resolutions and multi-temporal acquisitions. Despite the existing extraction methods, there remains the challenging task of fully exploiting the characteristics of multisource remote sensing data, each of which has its own advantages. In this paper, a new fusion approach for accurately extracting urban built-up areas based on the use of multisource remotely sensed data, i.e., the DMSP-OLS nighttime light data, the MODIS land cover product (MCD12Q1) and Landsat 7 ETM+ images, was proposed. The proposed method mainly consists of two components: (1) the multi-level data fusion, including the initial sample selection, unified pixel resolution and feature weighted calculation at the feature level, as well as pixel attribution determination at decision level; and (2) the optimized sample selection with multi-factor constraints, which indicates that an iterative optimization with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), and the bare soil index (BSI), along with the sample training of the support vector machine (SVM) and the extraction of urban built-up areas, produces results with high credibility. Nine Chinese provincial capitals along the Silk Road Economic Belt, such as Chengdu, Chongqing, Kunming, Xining, and Nanning, were selected to test the proposed method with data from 2001 to 2010. Compared with the results obtained by the traditional threshold dichotomy and the improved neighborhood focal statistics (NFS) method, the following could be concluded. (1) The proposed approach achieved high accuracy and eliminated natural elements to a great extent while obtaining extraction results very consistent to those of the more precise improved NFS approach at a fine scale. The average overall accuracy (OA) and average Kappa values of the extracted urban built-up areas were 95% and 0.83, respectively. (2) The proposed method not only identified the characteristics of the urban built-up area from the nighttime light data and other daylight images at the feature level but also optimized the samples of the urban built-up area category at the decision level, making it possible to provide valuable information for urban planning, construction, and management with high accuracy.
45
Gori, Fabio. "A New Theory to Forecast the Price of Nonrenewable Energy Resources with Mass and Energy-Capital Conservation Equations". ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2014 (5 giugno 2014): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/529748.
Abstract (sommario):
The mass and energy-capital conservation equations are employed to study the time evolution of mass and price of nonrenewable energy resources, extracted and sold to the market, in case of no-accumulation and no-depletion, that is, when the resources are extracted and sold to the market at the same mass flow rate. The Hotelling rule for nonrenewable resources, that is, an exponential increase of the price at the rate of the current interest multiplied the time, is shown to be a special case of the general energy-capital conservation equation when the mass flow rate of extracted resources is unity. The mass and energy-capital conservation equations are solved jointly to investigate the time evolution of the extracted resources.
46
Shi, Liyan. "Optimal Regulation of Noncompete Contracts". Econometrica 91, n. 2 (2023): 425–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta18128.
Abstract (sommario):
I study regulation of noncompete employment contracts, assessing the trade‐off between restricting worker mobility and encouraging firm investment. I develop an on‐the‐job search model in which firms and workers sign dynamic wage contracts with noncompete clauses and firms invest in their workers' general human capital. Employers use noncompete clauses to enforce buyout payments when their workers depart, ultimately extracting rent from future employers. This rent extraction is socially excessive, and restrictions on these clauses can improve efficiency. The optimal regulation policy is characterized. In an application to the managerial labor market using a novel contract data set, I find the optimal policy to be quantitatively close to a ban.
47
Bandaletova, A. A., A. Y. Gavrilov e E. V. Galin. "Lithium extraction from associated waters on the example of Orenburg OGCF". PROneft’. Proffessional’no o nefti 6, n. 1 (31 marzo 2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51890/2587-7399-2021-6-1-29-32.
Abstract (sommario):
The state of the mineral resource base of hydrocarbons in recent years has been characterized by a decrease in proven reserves and extremely low rates of their reproduction. In Western Siberia, as in other oil-bearing provinces of Russia, economically profitable oil reserves are decreasing. It is obvious that the development of the fuel and energy complex is becoming more focused on the development of hard-to-recover reserves, which account for almost 2/3 of the proven oil reserves. Technologies for the extraction of such raw materials are characterized by higher capital costs, which requires the search for new ways to increase the profitability of projects. One of these areas is the extraction of metals from the associated water of oil and gas fields. In this paper, the possibility of using the technology for extracting lithium from the associated waters of the Orenburg oil and gas condensate field is evaluated, and the boundary conditions for the implementation of this technology are determined.
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Kierans, Ciara. "Biopolitics and Capital". Body & Society 21, n. 3 (24 aprile 2015): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x13508457.
Abstract (sommario):
Organ transplantation has been central to debates on medical technologies and their complex biopolitical consequences, new forms of medical governance and new opportunities for capital. Attending to transplantation has also opened up new ways of thinking about, acting on and living ‘in’ the body, raising important questions about what it means to be embodied under particular cultural conditions. The specific ways in which a technology like transplantation puts the body parts of some at the disposal of the bodies of others has served to (re)write bodily boundaries, commoditise body parts and reorganise the social relations of exchange, care and responsibility. The controversies that this family of technologies has given rise to are both readable and read as embedded in and expressive of wider forms of conflict and contestation. Putting these controversies and their entanglements centre-stage, this article focuses on the manner in which transplant technologies construct their publics in gendered and socially stratified terms, as they reconstruct the transplanted organ as a new site for the extraction of surplus value. Drawing on data from fieldwork in Mexico, I will examine the catastrophic consequences of transplant medicine for Mexico’s poor, particularly women who bear the burden of care for the country’s predominantly living transplant programme. In carrying the costs (moral, social and economic) their accounts of these processes offer us an important critical vantage point from which to assess the interplay between state, market and the ‘worn’ body in the context of transplantation.
49
Shipley, Tyler. "Land Seizure, Dispossession, and Canadian Capital in Honduras". Human Geography 8, n. 2 (luglio 2015): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861500800202.
Abstract (sommario):
While there is a growing literature on the phenomenon of land seizure by agribusiness and extractive industries, and their disastrous social and ecological effects around the world, there is often a shroud of vagueness and mystification about the concrete practices by which extractive companies come to gain access to the land itself. This is especially true since these companies increasingly veil their activities in plausible claims of “social responsibility.” This article documents the strategies by which foreign and especially Canadian capital has been grabbing and maintaining its control over land for mega-developments in Honduras, with an eye to the ways in which different tactics are adapted to each particular context in which they are applied. The purpose is to demonstrate the flexibility and complexity of these strategies and to lay the groundwork for future studies of these concrete practices in order to supplement the existing literature on land seizure.
50
Janzen, David W. "Energy Demo(S): Towards a Rhthmanalysis of Capital and Extraction". Public 28, n. 55 (1 giugno 2017): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public.28.55.103_1.