Bibliografie tematiche / CAO modèl

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "CAO modèl"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "CAO modèl":

Babu, Numbury Surendra, e Didugu Jayaprakash. "Computational Study of the Stability of Tautomers and equilibrium constants of Cyanuric acid (CA) in Different solvents." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 11, n. 2 (22 gennaio 2015): 3485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v11i2.6691.

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In the present investigation, the tautomeric and equilibrium of Cyanuric acid has been studied using Hartifock (HF) method in the gas phase and different solvents using the PCM model. The relative energies of these tautomers have been calculated at the HF level of theory using 6-311++ G (d,p) basis set. Energetics and relative stabilities of the tautomers were compared and analyzed in both the gaseous and different solvents. The results indicate that the keto tautomer (CA1) is the most stable form in the gas phase and other solvents. The order of stability of isomers was found to be CA1 > CA3> CA11> CA2> CA6> CA10> CA7> CA4> CA5> CA9>CA8. Having the largest dipole moment the CA8 tautomer is expected to have the strongest interaction with polar solvents. The HF method calculated tautomeric equilibrium constants with respect to the most stable tautomer CA1 of Cyanuric acid both in the gas and in different solvents. The of the equilibrium constants calculated starting from the general outline of interconversion.

Shcherbak, N. S., G. Yu Yukina, A. G. Gurbo, E. G. Sukhorukova, A. G. Sargsian, V. V. Thomson e M. M. Galagudza. "Morphofunctional state of microglia and hippocampal neurons in aged rats after anesthesia with chloral hydrate". Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 21, n. 3 (12 ottobre 2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2022-21-3-64-71.

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Introduction. Successful translating of the fundamental research results into clinical practice is determined by a sufficiently large number of components, including the age of experimental animals and the anesthesia used. Chloral hydrate is often used as an anesthetic in preclinical studies, while its effect on the morphofunctional characteristics of the hippocampus in aged animals remains unexplored, which can lead to significant distortion and incorrect interpretation of the obtain results. Objective – morphofunctional assessment of the neurons and microglia in the layers of CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 fields of the hippocampus in aged rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate. Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats at the age of 24 months were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg). In the early (2 days) period after chloral hydrate anesthesia, the morphofunctional state of neurons and the reaction of microglia were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analysis in the marginal, pyramidal, and molecular layers of fields CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 of the hippocampus. Results. 48 hours after 24-month-old Wistar rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate, changes in the morphofunctional state of the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus were shown to be characterized by a significant decrease in the number of neurons in fields CA1 and CA3 with two nucleoli by 42 and 54 %, respectively, and a decrease in the width of the layer of fields CA1 and CA3 and CA4 by 27, 29 and 21 %, respectively, compared with similar indicators in the control group (P<0.05). In all layers of fields CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 of hippocampus, microglia reacted by the transformation of Iba-1-positive microgliocytes body and processes and a significant increase of the Iba-1 protein expression compared to the animals without administration of chloral hydrate (P<0.05). Conclusions. A single chloral hydrate dose administration necessary to anesthetized the aged Wistar rats without model surgery leads to morphofunctional changes in neurons in the most vulnerable fields of the hippocampus with simultaneous activation of microglia in all fields. This circumstance must be taken into account when conducting basic research and preclinical studies.

Orchard, C. H., e E. G. Lakatta. "Intracellular calcium transients and developed tension in rat heart muscle. A mechanism for the negative interval-strength relationship." Journal of General Physiology 86, n. 5 (1 novembre 1985): 637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.86.5.637.

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The purposes of the present study were to determine (a) whether changes of intracellular [Ca2+] (Cai) can account for the decrease of developed tension observed in rat heart muscle when stimulation rate is increased, and (b) whether the effect of stimulation rate on Cai is altered in conditions in which the rate of repriming of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is altered, as when perfusate [Ca2+] (Cao) is increased, and in heart muscle from senescent animals. The photoprotein aequorin was used to monitor Cai in rat papillary muscles. In muscles from 6-mo-old rats, increasing the stimulation rate in the range 0.2-0.66 Hz led to parallel decreases of both the aequorin light transient and developed tension when Cao was 2 mM. When Cao was increased to 4 mM, changes in the stimulation rate had less effect on both the light transient and tension. At 8 mM Cao, changing the stimulation rate had no effect on either the light transient or developed tension. Papillary muscles from 24-mo-old rats, in which SR function is likely to be depressed, exhibited a prolonged Ca2+ transient and twitch. At a Cao of 4 or 8 mM, increasing the stimulation rate from 0.33 to 0.66 Hz still led to decreases in the size of the aequorin light transient and developed tension in these muscles. Developed tension and aequorin light responded to increases of Cao in the same way in both groups of muscles. We conclude that under the conditions of our experiments, developed tension is determined by Cai. The negative interval-strength relationship observed when Cao is in the physiological range can be accounted for by a time-dependent recycling of Ca2+ by the SR. The effects of increasing Cao and the age-related differences observed at high Cao can also be accounted for using this model.

DEURA, Tomoyuki, Makoto TANABE e Hiroyuki OKUDA. "350 Dynamic and Acoustic Analyses to the impact load using a modal method". Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2006.19 (2006): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2006.19.451.

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GONG, Zheng, Luis Diago e Ichiro Hagiwara. "2308 Improved Model based Image Retexturing". Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2010.23 (2010): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2010.23.250.

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Migliore, M., E. P. Cook, D. B. Jaffe, D. A. Turner e D. Johnston. "Computer simulations of morphologically reconstructed CA3 hippocampal neurons". Journal of Neurophysiology 73, n. 3 (1 marzo 1995): 1157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.3.1157.

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1. We tested several hypotheses with respect to the mechanisms and processes that control the firing characteristics and determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ in CA3 hippocampal neurons. In particular, we were interested to know 1) whether bursting and nonbursting behavior of CA3 neurons could be accounted for in a morphologically realistic model using a number of the known ionic conductances; 2) whether such a model is robust across different cell morphologies; 3) whether some particular nonuniform distribution of Ca2+ channels is required for bursting; and 4) whether such a model can reproduce the magnitude and spatial distribution of intracellular Ca2+ transients determined from fluorescence imaging studies and can predict reasonable intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) distribution for CA3 neurons. 2. For this purpose we have developed a highly detailed model of the distribution and densities of membrane ion channels in hippocampal CA3 bursting and nonbursting pyramidal neurons. This model reproduces both the experimentally observed firing modes and the dynamics of intracellular Ca2+. 3. The kinetics of the membrane ionic conductances are based on available experimental data. This model incorporates a single Na+ channel, three Ca2+ channels (CaN, CaL, and CaT), three Ca(2+)-independent K+ channels (KDR, KA, and KM), two Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels (KC and KAHP), and intracellular Ca(2+)-related processes such as buffering, pumping, and radial diffusion. 4. To test the robustness of the model, we applied it to six different morphologically accurate reconstructions of CA3 hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In every neuron, Ca2+ channels, Ca(2+)-related processes, and Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels were uniformly distributed over the entire cell. Ca(2+)-independent K+ channels were placed on the soma and the proximal apical dendrites. For each reconstructed cell we were able to reproduce bursting and nonbursting firing characteristics as well as Ca2+ transients and distributions for both somatic and synaptic stimulations. 5. Our simulation results suggest that CA3 pyramidal cell bursting behavior does not require any special distribution of Ca(2+)-dependent channels and mechanisms. Furthermore, a simple increase in the Ca(2+)-independent K+ conductances is sufficient to change the firing mode of our CA3 neurons from bursting to nonbursting. 6. The model also displays [Ca2+]i transients and distributions that are consistent with fluorescent imaging data. Peak [Ca2+]i distribution for synaptic stimulation of the nonbursting model is broader when compared with somatic stimulation. Somatic stimulation of the bursting model shows a broader distribution in [Ca2+]i when compared with the nonbursting model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Ostrova, I. V., O. A. Grebenchikov e N. V. Golubeva. "Neuroprotective Eﬀect of Lithium Chloride in Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest". General Reanimatology 15, n. 3 (7 luglio 2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2019-3-73-82.

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Lithium chloride, which is used for the treatment of bipolar disorders, has a neuroprotective eﬀect in conditions associated with acute and chronic circulatory disorders.The purpose of the study: to investigate the eﬃcacy of lithium chloride for the prevention of post-resuscitation death of hippocampal neurons during the post-resuscitation period.Material and methods. Cardiac arrest for 10 minutes was evoked in mature male rats by intrathoracic clumping of the vascular bundle of the heart, followed by resuscitation. 40 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg of 4,2% lithium chloride (LiCl) was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before cardiac arrest, on the 1st and 2nd day after resuscitation (n=9). Untreated animals received equivalent doses of saline (n=9). Rats after a sham surgery served as a reference group (n=10). The number of viable neurons in the CA1 and CA3/CA4 ﬁelds of the hippocampus was estimated in slides stained with cresyl violet by day 6 or 7 postresuscitation. In a separate series of experiments, at the same terms, we studied the eﬀect of lithium chloride on the protein content of GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase) in brain tissue using Western-Blot analysis.Results. Histological assay showed that a 10-minute cardiac arrest resulted in a decrease in the number of viable neurons in the hippocampal CA1 ﬁeld — by 37.5% (P0.001), in the CA3/CA4 ﬁeld — by 12.9% (P0.05) vs. the reference group. Lithium treatment increased the number of viable neurons in resuscitated rats — in the CA1 ﬁeld by 37% (P<0.01), in the CA3/CA4 ﬁeld — by 11.5% (P0.1) vs. the untreated animals. It was found that lithium caused an increase in phosphorylated form of GSK3β: by 180% vs. the reference group (P[1]0.05), and by 150% vs. the untreated animals (P0.05).Conclusion. Lithium treatment leads to a pronounced neuroprotection in the neuronal populations of the hippocampus post-resuscitation. This eﬀect may be due to an increase in the content of the phosphorylated form of GSK3β protein. The results indicate a high potential of lithium for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders caused by a temporary arrest of blood circulation.

Bickler, Philip E., Xinhua Zhan e Christian S. Fahlman. "Isoflurane Preconditions Hippocampal Neurons against Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation". Anesthesiology 103, n. 3 (1 settembre 2005): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200509000-00016.

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Background Isoflurane preconditions neurons to improve tolerance of subsequent ischemia in both intact animal models and in in vitro preparations. The mechanisms for this protection remain largely undefined. Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway. Methods The authors used a preconditioning model in which organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus were exposed to 0.5-1.5% isoflurane for a 2-h period 24 h before an ischemia-like injury of oxygen-glucose deprivation. Survival of CA1, CA3, and dentate neurons was assessed 48 later, along with interval measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration (fura-2 fluorescence microscopy in CA1 neurons), mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44, and the survival associated proteins Akt and GSK-3beta (in situ immunostaining and Western blots). Results Preconditioning with 0.5-1.5% isoflurane decreased neuron death in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampal slice cultures after oxygen-glucose deprivation. The preconditioning period was associated with an increase in basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration of 7-15%, which involved Ca2+ release from inositol triphosphate-sensitive stores in the endoplasmic reticulum, and transient phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44 and the survival-associated proteins Akt and GSK-3beta. Preconditioning protection was eliminated by the mitogen-activated extracellular kinase inhibitor U0126, which prevented phosphorylation of p44 during preconditioning, and by calmidazolium, which antagonizes the effects of Ca2+-bound calmodulin. Conclusions Isoflurane, at clinical concentrations, preconditions neurons in hippocampal slice cultures by mechanisms that apparently involve release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin, and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44.

Picone, Carmela M., James C. Grotta, Rosa Earls, Roger Strong e John Dedman. "Immunohistochemical Determination of Calcium—Calmodulin Binding Predicts Neuronal Damage after Global Ischemia". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 9, n. 6 (dicembre 1989): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1989.114.

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Since ionic Ca2+ binds with intracellular calmodulin (CaM) before activating proteases, kinases, and phospholipases, demonstration of persistent Ca2+ –CaM binding in neurons destined to show ischemic cellular injury would support the concept that elevated intracellular Ca2+ plays a causative role in ischemic neuronal damage. In order to characterize Ca2+ –CaM binding, we used a sheep anti-CaM antibody (CaM-Ab) which recognizes CaM that is not bound to Ca2+ or brain target proteins. Therefore, immunohistochemical staining of brain sections by labeled CaM-Ab represented only unbound CaM. Six normal rats were compared to 15 animals rendered ischemic for 30 min by a modification of the four-vessel occlusion model. Animals were killed immediately after ischemia, and after 2 and 24 h of reperfusion. Brain sections through hippocampus were incubated in CaM-Ab, and a diaminobenzadiene labeled anti-sheep secondary antibody was added to stain the CaM-Ab. Staining in the endal limb of dentate, dorsal CA1, lateral CA3, and parietal cortex was graded on a 4-point scale. All normal animals had grade 4 staining indicating the presence of unbound CaM in all four brain regions. Ischemic animals demonstrated reduced (grade 0 to 2) staining in the CA1 and CA3 regions immediately and 2 and 24 h after ischemia (p < 0.01 for both regions at all three time intervals) indicating persistent binding of CaM with Ca2+ and target proteins in these regions. Staining decreased in dentate and cortex up to 2 h after ischemia (p = 0.02 for both regions) but returned toward normal by 24 h. We conclude that while most brain regions demonstrate increased Ca2+ –CaM binding immediately after ischemia, this binding returns to normal in brain regions destined to recover, such as cortex and dentate, but persists beyond 24 h in selectively vulnerable CA1 and partially vulnerable CA3, which are destined to undergo irreversible damage. These findings support the hypothesis that calcium entry into neurons and consequent persistent activation of Ca2+ -dependent enzyme systems leads to irreversible cell damage.

Capogrossi, M. C., M. D. Stern, H. A. Spurgeon e E. G. Lakatta. "Spontaneous Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum limits Ca2+-dependent twitch potentiation in individual cardiac myocytes. A mechanism for maximum inotropy in the myocardium." Journal of General Physiology 91, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1988): 133–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.91.1.133.

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We hypothesized that the occurrence of spontaneous Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), in diastole, might be a mechanism for the saturation of twitch potentiation common to a variety of inotropic perturbations that increase the total cell Ca. We used a videomicroscopic technique in single cardiac myocytes to quantify the amplitude of electrically stimulated twitches and to monitor the occurrence of the mechanical manifestation of spontaneous SR Ca2+ release, i.e., the spontaneous contractile wave. In rat myocytes exposed to increasing bathing [Ca2+] (Cao) from 0.25 to 10 mM, the Cao at which the peak twitch amplitude occurred in a given cell was not unique but varied with the rate of stimulation or the presence of drugs: in cells stimulated at 0.2 Hz in the absence of drugs, the maximum twitch amplitude occurred in 2 mM Cao; a brief exposure to 50 nM ryanodine before stimulation at 0.2 Hz shifted the Cao of the maximum twitch amplitude to 7 mM. In cells stimulated at 1 Hz in the absence of drugs, the maximum twitch amplitude occurred in 4 mM Cao; 1 microM isoproterenol shifted the Cao of the maximum twitch amplitude to 3 mM. Regardless of the drug or the stimulation frequency, the Cao at which the twitch amplitude saturated varied linearly with the Cao at which spontaneous Ca2+ release first occurred, and this relationship conformed to a line of identity (r = 0.90, p = less than 0.001, n = 25). The average peak twitch amplitude did not differ among these groups of cells. In other experiments, (a) the extent of rest potentiation of the twitch amplitude in rat myocytes was also limited by the occurrence of spontaneous Ca2+ release, and (b) in both rat and rabbit myocytes continuously stimulated in a given Cao, the twitch amplitude after the addition of ouabain saturated when spontaneous contractile waves first appeared between stimulated twitches. A mathematical model that incorporates this interaction between action potential-mediated SR Ca2+ release and the occurrence of spontaneous Ca2+ release in individual cells predicted the shape of the Cao-twitch relationship observed in other studies in intact muscle. Thus, the occurrence of spontaneous SR Ca2+ release is a plausible mechanism for the saturation of the inotropic response to Ca2+ in the intact myocardium.

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Tesi sul tema "CAO modèl":

Arige, Abhaya Dhathri. "Simplification of 3D CAD models with deep learning for augmented reality". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAS018.

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Dans l'Industrie 4.0, l'utilisation d'appareils de Réalité Augmentée (RA) tels que HoloLens a acquis une acceptation significative pour la formation des opérateurs de ligne d'assemblage dans diverses industries. La simplification des modèles CAO 3D pour la formation en RA est essentielle pour une meilleure performance des applications. Notre recherche se concentre sur le développement de méthodes et de techniques visant à rationaliser des modèles CAO 3D complexes, les rendant adaptés aux applications de RA.Notre recherche met en avant le rôle des modèles 3D en RA, améliorant l'expérience virtuelle en superposant des modèles CAO sur le monde réel. Nous détaillons les applications de la RA dans la formation des opérateurs et comment l'intégration de modèles CAO 3D améliore la compréhension des instructions et des procédures.Nous avons réalisé une revue approfondie de la littérature sur la simplification des modèles CAO pour leur intégration dans des scénarios de réalité augmentée (RA). Nos conclusions indiquent que les techniques de simplification basées sur le maillage excellent dans la préservation des éléments essentiels des modèles CAO, offrant un contrôle précis sur les niveaux de détail.De plus, nous avons effectué quatre types distincts d'évaluations dans notre recherche. Ces évaluations comprenaient des évaluations objectives utilisant des techniques basées sur le maillage issu de la littérature existante, des avis d'experts impliquant un examen approfondi de chaque modèle simplifié pour déterminer le niveau de simplification en fonction des plages de sommets, des tests en conditions réelles assistés par HoloLens2, qui ont révélé des améliorations du taux de rafraîchissement lors de l'utilisation de modèles CAO au lieu de leurs versions originales.Pour conclure nos évaluations, nous avons également réalisé des évaluations par les utilisateurs, en donnant la priorité à l'expérience utilisateur dans notre étude. Ces évaluations ont confirmé que les modèles simplifiés sont hautement capables de remplacer les versions originales. Cependant, il a été observé qu'une simplification supplémentaire est nécessaire, en particulier pour les modèles CAO complexes.La méthodologie principale propose une approche innovante axée sur la segmentation du maillage et la simplification adaptative grâce à l'utilisation de méthodes d'apprentissage profond. Pour réduire la complexité associée à la segmentation et à la simplification 3D, nous avons projeté les données dans le domaine 2D pour effectuer la segmentation et avons ensuite cartographié les résultats dans le domaine 3D. Nous avons illustré ce cadre à l'aide d'une fonction spécifique appelée "chaînes continues" pour expliquer le processus de simplification. Par la suite, nous avons réalisé une analyse comparative par rapport à des techniques de pointe établies, démontrant la performance supérieure de notre méthodologie. Dans nos futures recherches, nous visons à élargir la portée de notre cadre pour englober plusieurs caractéristiques et les régions fonctionnelles à l'intérieur des modèles CAO
As a part of Industry 4.0 the use of Augmented Reality (AR) devices like HoloLens has gained significant acceptance for training assembly line operators in various industries. When employing Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models to create assembly line instructions for training purposes, preserving all redundant information becomes unnecessary. Utilizing simplified CAD models leads to improved run-time performance of the applications in which they are employed. This specific research project is tasked with developing methods and techniques to streamline complex 3D CAD models, making them suitable for AR applications.In this research, we explain how 3D models play a significant role in augmented reality (AR) by enriching the virtual experience through the superimposition of computer-aided design (CAD models) onto the real world. The study goes on to offer detailed descriptions of numerous applications of AR in operator training. Furthermore, it elucidates how the integration of 3D CAD models contributes to a deeper understanding of instructions and procedures within these training scenarios.We conducted an in-depth literature review in the field of CAD model simplification to determine which simplification techniques are most suitable for integration into augmented reality (AR) scenarios. Our research revealed that mesh-based simplification techniques are particularly effective in preserving the essential features of CAD models while offering the advantages of precise control over the level of detail.Additionally, we have carried out four distinct types of assessments as part of our research. These assessments encompassed objective evaluations that applied mesh-based techniques from existing literature, subjective assessment involving a thorough examination of each simplified model to determine the level of simplification based on vertex ranges, real-world testing conducted with the assistance of the HoloLens2 that demonstrated framerate enhancements when employing simplified CAD models in place of their original versions. To conclude our evaluations, we conducted user assessments, as user experience holds utmost importance in our study. They demonstrated that the simplified models possess a high degree of capability in substituting the original counterparts. However, it was noted that more simplification is required, particularly for intricate CAD models.An innovative approach centered around segmentation and adaptive simplification through the utilization of deep learning methods is proposed as the main methodology. To illustrate this framework, we employed a specific feature called "continuous chains". We subsequently conducted a comparative analysis against established state-of-the-art techniques, demonstrating that our methodology outperforms existing approaches. In our future research, we intend to expand the scope of our framework to encompass multiple features in CAD model

Boussuge, Flavien. "Idéalisation d'assemblages CAO pour l'analyse EF de structures". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071560.

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Les entreprises aéronautiques ont un besoin continu de générer de grands et complexes modèles de simulation, en particulier pour simuler le comportement structurel de sous-systèmes de leurs produits. Actuellement, le pré-traitement des modèles de Conception Assistée par Ordinateur (CAO) issus des maquettes numériques de ces sous-systèmes en Modèles Eléments Finis (MEF), est une tâche qui demande de longues heures de travail de la part des ingénieurs de simulation, surtout lorsque des idéalisations géométriques sont nécessaires. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse consiste à définir les principes et les opérateurs constituant la chaîne numérique qui permettra, à partir de maquettes numériques complexes, de produire des géométries directement utilisables pour la génération de maillages éléments finis d'une simulation mécanique. A partir d'une maquette numérique enrichie d'information sur les interfaces géométriques entre composants et d'information sur les propriétés fonctionnelles de l'assemblage, l'approche proposée dans ce manuscrit est d'ajouter un niveau supplémentaire d'enrichissement en fournissant une représentation structurelle de haut niveau de la forme des composants CAO. Le principe de cet enrichissement est d'extraire un graphe de construction de modèles CAO B-Rep de sorte que les processus de génération de forme correspondants fournissent des primitives volumiques directement adaptées à un processus d'idéalisation. Ces primitives constituent la base d'une analyse morphologique qui identifie dans les formes des composants à la fois des sous-domaines candidats à l'idéalisation mais également les interfaces géométriques qui leurs sont associées. Ainsi, les modèles de composants et leurs représentations géométriques sont structurés. Ils sont intégrés dans la maquette numérique enrichie qui est ainsi contextualisée pour la simulation par EF. De cette maquette numérique enrichie, les objectifs de simulation peuvent être utilisés pour spécifier les opérateurs géométriques adaptant les composants et leurs interfaces lors de processus automatiques de préparation d'assemblages. Ainsi, un nouveau procédé d'idéalisation de composant unitaire est proposé. Il bénéficie de l'analyse morphologique faite sur le composant lui fournissant une décomposition en sous-domaines idéalisables et en interfaces. Cette décomposition est utilisée pour générer les modèles idéalisés de ces sous-domaines et les connecter à partir de l'analyse de leurs interfaces, ce qui conduit à l'idéalisation complète du composant. Enfin, le processus d'idéalisation est étendu au niveau de l'assemblage et évolue vers une méthodologie de pré-traitement automatique de maquettes numériques. Cette méthodologie vise à exploiter l'information fonctionnelle de l'assemblage et les informations morphologiques des composants afin de transformer à la fois des groupes de composants associés à une même fonction ainsi que de traiter les transformations d'idéalisation de l'assemblage. Pour démontrer la validité de la méthodologie, des opérateurs géométriques sont développés et testés sur des cas d'application industriels.

Soderquist, Hans Lars. "Automatic geometric data migration throughout views of a model fidelity family /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1184.pdf.

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Zhu, Cheng-Feng. "CAD/CSPP/CAM integration using feature-based component data model". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362993.

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Carlson, Shane A. "Development of a Variational Part Model Using In-Process Dimensional Measurement Error". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1341.pdf.

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Fernando, L. Greshan. "Development of an analytical model for electrochemical machining (ECM) of an axisymmetric disk". Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175884893.

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Pepin, Faustin. "Obrobitelnost kompresních kol z titanových slitin". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230048.

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Nespornou vyhodou počítačem podporované výroby (CAM) je výrazná časová úspora při přípravě obráběcího programu. Asociativita je jedním z řešení, její místo v rámci přípravy výrobku se nachází mezi hlavní konstrukcí a technologií podniku. Pro studium asociativity byl použity CAD/CAM modely kompresoru, který díky své komplexní geomtrii posloužil jaky dobrý příklad. Tato práce se podtrhuje omezené možnosti asociativity, především pokud jde o realizaci obráběcího programu pro součást tvořenou více prvky. Dále v této studii budou prezentovány jisté možnosti zlepšení procesu. Studie asociativity v této práci je zaměřena především na obrábění, tedy její aplikace jsou využívány zejména ve oborech jako je automobilový průmysl, letectví, kosmický průmysl či stavebnictví. Kompresor studovaný v této práci je vyroben ze slitiny titanu Ti-6Al-4V a jedná se o součást využívanou v kosmickém průmyslu. Jelikož se jsou jeho rozměry velmi malé, jsou pro jeho obrábění nezbytné velmi přesné nástroje a vysoké řezné rychlosti. Tato práce představuje odlišné strategie obrábění navrhnuté pro výrobu kompresoru, společně s analýzou výsledků. Po počáteční přípravě výroby následují dvě hlavní etpy : editace programu v CATII V5 a jeho ověření v NCSimul8.

Elmubarak, Mona Dr. "Accuracy and reliability of traditional measurement techniques for tooth widths and arch perimeter compared to CAD/CAM". The University of the Western Cpae, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6472.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
BACKGROUND: Plaster models form an integral part of the traditional orthodontic records. They are necessary for diagnosis and treatment planning, case presentations as well as for the evaluation of treatment progress. The accuracy of the measurements taken for space assessment is crucial prior to treatment planning. The introduction of digital models overcomes some problems experienced with plaster models. Digital models have shown to be an acceptable alternative for plaster models. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of traditional measurement techniques when compared to the CAD/ CAM measurements in the assessment of tooth widths and arch perimeter from plaster models. METHOD: The mesio-distal tooth widths and arch perimeter of thirty archived plaster models were measured using a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm and divider to the nearest 0.1 mm. Corresponding digital models were produced by scanning them with a CAD/CAM (InEos X5) and space analysis completed by measurements using InEos Blue software. Measurements were repeated after 1 week from the initial measurement. The methods were compared using descriptive analysis (mean difference and standard deviation). RESULTS: The operator reliability was high for digital models as well as the plaster models when the measurement tool was the digital caliper (analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient in the paired t-test). The mean values of tooth widths measurements of CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider were 6.82 (±0.04), 6.94 (± 0.04) and 7.11 (± 0.04). There was a significant difference between the measurements made by the CAD/CAM and the divider. Additionally significant differences between the measurements by digital caliper and divider measurements (p < 0.05) were observed. No significant difference was found when comparing CAD/CAM to digital caliper. Positive correlation was displayed between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and the divider, but the measurements completed with the digital caliper had the highest correlation with the CAD/CAM. The difference was not significant between the aforementioned measurement tools (p > 0.05). Arch perimeter measurements showed no statistical significant difference between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Archived plaster models stored as records can be converted to digital models as it will have the same accuracy of measurements. The value of doing a space analysis with the CAD/CAM system can be performed with similar reliability on the digital models as a caliper on plaster models.

Tamburini, Diego Romano. "The analyzable product model representation to support design-analysis integration". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17106.

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Elmubarak, Mona. "Accuracy and reliability of traditional measurement techniques for tooth widths and arch perimeter compared to CAD/CAM". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6521.

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Abstract (sommario):

>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Background: Plaster models form an integral part of the traditional orthodontic records. They are necessary for diagnosis and treatment planning, case presentations as well as for the evaluation of treatment progress. The accuracy of the measurements taken for space assessment is crucial prior to treatment planning. The introduction of digital models overcomes some problems experienced with plaster models. Digital models have shown to be an acceptable alternative for plaster models. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of traditional measurement techniques when compared to the CAD/ CAM measurements in the assessment of tooth widths and arch perimeter from plaster models. Method: The mesio-distal tooth widths and arch perimeter of thirty archived plaster models were measured using a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm and divider to the nearest 0.1 mm. Corresponding digital models were produced by scanning them with a CAD/CAM (InEos X5) and space analysis completed by measurements using InEos Blue software. Measurements were repeated after 1 week from the initial measurement. The methods were compared using descriptive analysis (mean difference and standard deviation). Results: The operator reliability was high for digital models as well as the plaster models when the measurement tool was the digital caliper (analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient in the paired t-test). The mean values of tooth widths measurements of CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider were 6.82 (±0.04), 6.94 (± 0.04) and 7.11 (± 0.04). There was a significant difference between the measurements made by the CAD/CAM and the divider. Additionally significant differences between the measurements by digital caliper and divider measurements (p < 0.05) were observed. No significant difference was found when comparing CAD/CAM to digital caliper. Positive correlation was displayed between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and the divider, but the measurements completed with the digital caliper had the highest correlation with the CAD/CAM. The difference was not significant between the aforementioned measurement tools (p > 0.05). Arch perimeter measurements showed no statistical significant difference between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Archived plaster models stored as records can be converted to digital models as it will have the same accuracy of measurements. The value of doing a space analysis with the CAD/CAM system can be performed with similar reliability on the digital models as a caliper on plaster models.

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Libri sul tema "CAO modèl":

Britzke, Ron. Spindizzy: The roaring rise of model car racing, 1938-1950. Newburgh, N.Y. (94 Carter Ave, Newburgh 12550): R. Britzke, 1985.

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Jackson, Colin. Slot car racing. Hersham: Ian Allan, 2009.

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Schleicher, Robert H. Slot car bible. St. Paul, MN: MBI Pub. Co., 2002.

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Great Britain. Manpower Services Commission. Skills Training Agency. e Engineering Industry Training Board, a cura di. Illustrative model scheme for CAD/CAM advanced manufacturing technician [mechanical engineering]. [Sheffield]: [M.S.C.], 1986.

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Schuster, Richard, Dietmar Trippner e Michael Endres. CAD*I Drafting Model. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84058-6.

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Chaiken, Jan M. Patrol car allocation model. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1985.

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Schuster, R. CAD I drafting model. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Schuster, R. CAD*I drafting model. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Peppé, Rodney. Huxley Pig's model car. New York, N.Y: Delacorte Press, 1990.

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Murphy, Don. Pinewood!: The story of the Pinewood Derby. Torrance, CA: Murphy Enterprises, 2001.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "CAO modèl":

Tollenaere, Michel, Philippe Belloy e Serge Tichkiewitch. "A part description model for the preliminary design". In Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 127–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34834-6_7.

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Sivaneri, N. T., e Y. P. Xie. "Finite-Element Model for Modal Analysis of Pretwisted Unsymmetric Blades". In CAD/CAM Robotics and Factories of the Future ’90, 225–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84338-9_32.

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King, Robin G. "A Structural Model of Creative Process for Improved Interface Design". In Advances in CAD/CAM Workstations, 127–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2273-3_13.

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Gottschalch, Holm. "Conception of CAD/CAM Training for Technical Draughtsmen in a Model Experiment". In Social Science Research on CAD/CAM, 158–66. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52380-9_18.

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Rawat, Aditi, Deepkamal Kaur Gill, Divya Bajaj, Mamta Juneja, Anand Gupta e Prashant Jindal. "Craniofacial Model Generation Using CAD/CAM Software". In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Communication, Computing and Networking, 795–803. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1217-5_79.

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Schuster, Richard, Dietmar Trippner e Michael Endres. "Introduction". In CAD*I Drafting Model, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84058-6_1.

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Schuster, Richard, Dietmar Trippner e Michael Endres. "The Drafting Model". In CAD*I Drafting Model, 5–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84058-6_2.

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Schuster, Richard, Dietmar Trippner e Michael Endres. "Drafting Resources". In CAD*I Drafting Model, 14–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84058-6_3.

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Schuster, Richard, Dietmar Trippner e Michael Endres. "Drawing Organization". In CAD*I Drafting Model, 27–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84058-6_4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "CAO modèl":

Lee, Chen-Han, Lingyun Lu, Jon Dym e Guangyan Yin. "Shape Preserving Global Parameterization for CAD/CAM/CAE". In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60274.

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Abstract (sommario):

CAD/CAM/CAE applications often deal with open or closed shells of faces (surfaces). Each face has it’s own 2-D parameter space that may not be rectangular. In many applications we need to merge the individual parameter spaces into a single global parameter space that resembles the model shape in the 3-D physical space. In this paper, we present a method of building such shape-preserving global parameterization (of a shell of faces) that is suitable for CAD/CAM/CAE applications.

Wise, Timothy D. "Interface of optical design programs to CAD/CAE/CAM software". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.tuk3.

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CAD/CAM systems permit the manufacture of real physical parts on a milling, or other shop, machine which has received its instructions from the design system. However, a persistent problem has been the lack of a link between the optical CAD software and mechanical CAD software. A past paper described software which bridges this gap by producing an International Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES) file from the neutral plot files of the optical model. This IGES file can then be directly read into the mechanical drafting and design programs, ANVIL and GEOMOD. Although the latest enhancements to this older interface are addressed, the main thrust is the description of three completely new capabilities: (1) the ability to read directly NASTRAN-generated strain data for optical surfaces into the optical design program CODE-V, (2) the direct passage of a standard lens prescription in CODE-V to the program APART for stray light analysis, and (3) the entry of mechanical drafting data directly into APART via IGES files. This last interface is particularly exciting because it allows, for the first time, a completely graphic entry of structural data into an optical analysis program. A description of the typical procedures used to accomplish the transfer of data is provided along with several examples. Plans are presented to use these new software links to achieve paperless manufacture of optomechanical systems. Since the current algorithms have been designed with an eye on eventual improvements, an assessment of current limitations and future enhancements is also included.

Wearring, Colin. "The Functional Feature Model: Bridging the CAD/CAM Gap". In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/cie-1653.

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Abstract Commercial CAD systems were originally developed to support the generation of 2D engineering drawings, but evolved to support development of 3D product models. Conceptually, the product model replaces 2D engineering drawings as a means for communicating product information such as size, shape, features, datums, tolerances, and other engineering specifications. Because of their history, the software architecture and data models used by commercial CAD systems do not directly represent all the engineering product information contained in 2D engineering drawings. Computer Assisted Engineering (CAE) tools require engineering product specifications as input. When these tools are integrated directly with the CAD system, a database representation of the product model is required for their efficient operation. Without a direct link to the CAD system, information must be transferred using standard format files, or manually entered into the CAE application. To satisfy the requirements for direct integration of CAE applications with CAD systems, the Functional Feature Model (FFM) was developed. By definition, the Functional Feature Model (FFM) contains component geometry, feature definitions, datums, datum features, tolerances and other feature attributes accessed through a standard interface. The FFM was named to distinguish the functional features used by an engineer in the definition of part function, inspection, and assembly from the features employed by CAD systems in construction of geometry. Today, the FFM is used as the basis for CAE tools which perform analysis of product Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T), 3D tolerance analysis of assemblies, and CMM programming. Any CAE application which requires the same or similar information as these applications can obtain its input from the FFM. The FFM is a mature, commercially proven prototype for a standard product model, containing the majority of engineering product information typically represented using 2D drawings annotated with Geometric Dimensional and Tolerancing (GD&T) symbols. The FFM can be used instead of 2D drawings to supply necessary product information to CAE applications. Using the FFM, there is no need to create the 2D engineering drawing, interpret the GD&T annotation, and enter the interpreted product information into the CAE application. It provides a standard interface (independent of CAD system) for commercial development of CAE applications, and is designed in a fashion which makes it appropriate for use as a basis for emerging product model standards. The FFM provides a prototype for related activities like the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) initiative represented by the Product Data Exchange using STEP (PDES) organization in the USA. Corporate and government consortiums such as the Rapid Response Manufacturing (RRM) or Simulation Assessment Validation Environment (SAVE) initiatives could employ the FFM directly to support their objectives of developing the next generation design and simulation environment.

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Gujarathi, G. P., e Y. S. Ma. "Generative CAD and CAE integration using common data model". In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coase.2010.5584195.

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Desrochers, Alain. "A CAD/CAM Representation Model Applied to Tolerance Transfer Methods". In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dac-5636.

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Abstract This paper presents the adaptation of tolerance transfer techniques to a model called TTRS for Technologically and Topologically Related Surfaces. According to this model, any three-dimensional part can be represented as a succession of surface associations forming a tree. Additional tolerancing information can be associated to each TTRS represented as a node on the tree. This information includes dimensional tolerances as well as tolerance chart values. Rules are then established to simulate tolerance chains or stack up along with tolerance charts directly from the graph. This way it becomes possible to combine traditional one dimensional tolerance transfer techniques with a powerful three-dimensional representation model providing high technological contents.

Nonaka, Norihiko, e Ichirou Nishigaki. "An Automatic Technique for CAE Analysis With a 3D-CAD Model". In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/cie-34486.

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Abstract (sommario):

A CAE (computer-aided engineering) analysis system, consisting of a 3D-CAD (three-dimensional computer-aided design) modeler, a pre-processor, an analysis solver, and a post-processor, was developed. This system uses automated procedures for solid modeling, definition of analysis models (i.e., defining boundary conditions and material properties, traditionally done manually), mesh generation, numerical simulation, and visualization of results. The CAE analysis system has two key features: it can greatly reduce the analysis time, and it uses a 3D-CAD model as the geometric model for numerical analysis. It was found that the developed automatic system reduces the analysis time by 50% compared with that for manual operation.

Ruiz, Carlos E., Paul R. Schroeder, Michael R. Palermo e Terry K. Gerald. "Evaluation of Contaminant Flux from CAD Sites Using the CAP Model". In Third Specialty Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40680(2003)26.

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Song, Xiaowen, Daoning Ying e Erjian Wang. "Feature representation product model for a progressive die CAD/CAM system". In Wuhan - DL tentative, a cura di Shuzi Yang, Ji Zhou e Cheng-Gang Li. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.235547.

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Scheffler, Robert, Sergej Koch, Gregor Wrobel, Matthias Pleßow, Christian Buse e Bernd-Arno Behrens. "Modelling CAD Models - Method for the Model Driven Design of CAD Models for Deep Drawing Tools". In 4th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005799403770383.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "CAO modèl":

Domm, T. C., e R. S. Underwood. Model-Based Engineering and Manufacturing CAD/CAM Benchmark. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14442.

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Domm, T. D., e R. S. Underwood. Model-Based Engineering and Manufacturing CAD/CAM Benchmark. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6890.

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Pokorny, Richard, e Pavel R. Hrma. Mathematical Model of Cold Cap?Preliminary One-Dimensional Model Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1012879.

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Novy-Marx, Robert. How Can a Q-Theoretic Model Price Momentum? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, febbraio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20985.

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Engel, Charles. Can the Markov Switching Model Forecast Exchange Rates? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4210.

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Kitago, Masaki, Shunsuke Ehara e Ichiro Hagiwara. Efficient Construction of Finite Element Model by Implicit Function Approximation of CAD Model. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, maggio 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0127.

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Knorr, Jeffrey B. A CAD Model for the Inductive Strip in Finline. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199346.

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Conover, D. R., e R. G. Lucas. Differences between the 1993 and 1995 CABO Model Energy Codes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/390387.

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Edmans, Alex, Xavier Gabaix e Augustin Landier. A Calibratable Model of Optimal CEO Incentives in Market Equilibrium. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, settembre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13372.

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Conover, D. R., e R. G. Lucas. Differences between the 1992 and 1993 CABO Model Energy Codes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10111902.

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