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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cancer – Genetic aspects"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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1

Hold, Georgina L., e M. Emad El-Omar. "Genetic aspects of inflammation and cancer". Biochemical Journal 410, n. 2 (12 febbraio 2008): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20071341.

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Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of most common cancers. The aetiology of the inflammation is varied and includes microbial, chemical and physical agents. The chronically inflamed milieu is awash with pro-inflammatory cytokines and is characterized by the activation of signalling pathways that cross-talk between inflammation and carcinogenesis. Many of the factors involved in chronic inflammation play a dual role in the process, promoting neoplastic progression but also facilitating cancer prevention. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms involved is vital for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer. The purpose of the present review is to evaluate the mechanistic pathways that underlie chronic inflammation and cancer with particular emphasis on the role of host genetic factors that increase the risk of carcinogenesis.

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2

Hudler, Petra. "Genetic Aspects of Gastric Cancer Instability". Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/761909.

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Unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis is one of the major challenges in cancer genomics. Gastric cancer is a very complex and heterogeneous disease, and although much has been learned about the different genetic changes that eventually lead to its development, the detailed mechanisms still remain unclear. Malignant transformation of gastric cells is the consequence of a multistep process involving different genetic and epigenetic changes in numerous genes in combination with host genetic background and environmental factors. The majority of gastric adenocarcinomas are characterized by genetic instability, either microsatellite instability (MSI) or chromosomal instability (CIN). It is believed that chromosome destabilizations occur early in tumour progression. This paper summarizes the most common genetic alterations leading to instability in sporadic gastric cancers and its consequences.

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3

Olsson, R. "Hepatitis and Cancer: Genetic Aspects". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 31, sup220 (gennaio 1996): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365529609094761.

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4

R., Bohiltea. "Genetic aspects of endometrial cancer". Gineco.eu 12, n. 1 (20 marzo 2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18643/gieu.2016.29.

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5

Karlan, Beth Y., e Deborah Krakow. "Genetic aspects of ovarian cancer". Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, n. 1 (febbraio 1994): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-199402000-00017.

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6

Steel, M., A. Thompson e J. Clayton. "Genetic aspects of breast cancer". British Medical Bulletin 47, n. 2 (1991): 504–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072488.

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7

Latil, Alain, e R. Lidereau. "Genetic aspects of prostate cancer". Virchows Archiv 432, n. 5 (19 maggio 1998): 389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050183.

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8

Hecht, Jonathan L., e George L. Mutter. "Molecular and Pathologic Aspects of Endometrial Carcinogenesis". Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, n. 29 (10 ottobre 2006): 4783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.06.7173.

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Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy, with 41,000 new cases projected in the United States for 2006. Two different clinicopathologic subtypes are recognized: the estrogen-related (type I, endometrioid) and the non–estrogen-related types (type II, nonendometrioid such as papillary serous and clear cell). The morphologic differences in these cancers are mirrored in their molecular genetic profile with type I showing defects in DNA-mismatch repair and mutations in PTEN, K-ras, and beta-catenin, and type II showing aneuploidy and p53 mutations. This article reviews the genetic aspects of endometrial carcinogenesis and progression. We will define the precursor lesion of type I endometrioid cancer and the role of genetics and estrogen in its progression.

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9

Hill, R. P. "Genetic aspects of metastasis". Current Opinion in ONCOLOGY 2, n. 1 (febbraio 1990): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001622-199002000-00026.

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10

Krasteva, M., Sv Angelova e Zl Gospodinova. "Molecular-Genetic Aspects of Breast Cancer". Acta Medica Bulgarica 41, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2014): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amb-2014-0024.

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Summary Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women. Advances in breast cancer knowledge have deciphered the involvement of a number of tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes in disease pathogenesis. These genes are part of the complex biochemical pathways, which enable cell cycle control and maintenance of genome integrity. Their function may be disrupted as a result of alterations in gene sequence or misregulation of gene expression including alterations in DNA methylation pattern. The present review summarizes the main findings on major breast cancer related genes BRCA1/2, p53, ATM, CHEK2, HER2, PIK3CA and their tumorigenic inactivation/activation. The potential clinical importance of these genes with respect to patients’ prognosis and therapy are also discussed. The possible implication of other putative breast cancer related genes is also outlined. The first elaborate data on the genetic and epigenetic status of the above mentioned genes concerning Bulgarian patients with the sporadic form of the disease are presented. The studies indicate for a characteristic mutational spectrum in some of the genes for the Bulgarian patients and specific correlation between the status of different genes and clinicopathological characteristics.

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11

Morrison, Patrick J., e A. Brew Atkinson. "Genetic Aspects of Familial Thyroid Cancer". Oncologist 14, n. 6 (22 maggio 2009): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0046.

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12

Berghe, H. Van Den. "Some Genetic Aspects of Breast Cancer". Acta Clinica Belgica 48, sup15 (gennaio 1993): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1993.11718347.

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13

Lichtenstein, Anatoly V. "Cancer: evolutionary, genetic and epigenetic aspects". Clinical Epigenetics 1, n. 3-4 (14 settembre 2010): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13148-010-0010-6.

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14

Toren, A., G. Rechavi e B. Ramot. "Pediatric Cancer: Environmental and Genetic Aspects". Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 13, n. 4 (gennaio 1996): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08880019609030838.

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15

Croyle, Robert T., Jennifer S. Achilles e Caryn Lerman. "Psychologic aspects of cancer genetic testing". Cancer 80, S3 (1 agosto 1997): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970801)80:3+<569::aid-cncr6>3.0.co;2-4.

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16

Yashina, D. P., e Z. A. Afanasyeva. "Molecular genetic aspects of adrenocortical cancer". Advances in Molecular Oncology 10, n. 2 (10 luglio 2023): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2313-805x-2023-10-2-42-57.

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Adrenocortical cancer is a rare tumor originating from cortical adrenal cells, endowed with aggressive potential, a rapidly progressing course and an unfavorable prognosis. The complexity of early diagnosis of the disease is due to several factors: the variability of clinical manifestations associated with the initial multiregulatory influence of steroid hormones on the body’s homeostasis, the rare occurrence of the tumor and, as a result, the lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms of its carcinogenesis.The increased interest in recent years among oncologists and endocrinologists in understanding the fundamental and clinical aspects of adrenocortical cancer and the search for potential targets for new drugs has led to a detailed study of the cellular and molecular genetic mechanisms involved in normal adrenal ontogenesis and their role in tumor transformation. This review presents the currently known molecular genetic processes and their mediating auto-, para-, endocrine factors involved in normal adrenal ontogenesis and carcinogenesis. The paper analyzes results of trials published in international and Russian journals on molecular oncology and endocrinology indexed in the PubMed, CyberLeninka, Web of Science, Science Direct and eLIBRARY databases.

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17

Omelchuk, E. P., D. S. Kutilin, S. N. Dimitriadi, M. A. Gusarev e N. N. Timoshkina. "Molecular genetic aspects of prostate cancer radioresistance". Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 20, n. 3 (22 ottobre 2021): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2021-3-182-192.

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Radioresistance of prostate cancer is a complex therapeutic problem. Biochemical recurrence after radiation therapy occurs in 22–69% of patients with prostate cancer. Nearly half of these patients progress to a clinical relapse within 15 years, and a third progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review analyzes literature data on radioresistance mechanisms in prostate cancer cells. We searched for literature published in eLibrary, PubMed, and Scopus databases by key words: prostate cancer, radioresistance, markers. In total, 568 foreign and 178 national articles published between 1975 and 2020 were found. Of these publications, 77 articles were selected (published in 2001–2020), which reveal the molecular basis of tumor radioresistance.Modern understanding of the origin of radioresistant cancer cells focuses on processes leading to enhanced DNA repair, activation of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, and a decrease in the level of endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species. The state of a tumor microenvironment, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition also play an important role in radioresistance. Currently, the mechanisms of resistance to radiation therapy are explained by the existence of tumor stem cells, which provide genetic heterogeneity and activation of carcinogenesis signaling pathways. The tumor can also be protected from radiation by a hypoxic microenvironment. Since cancer stem cells can acquire plasticity in response to radiation therapy, search for markers of radioresistance for screening and identification of radioresistant prostate cancer is relevant.

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18

Biedler, June L. "Genetic aspects of multidrug resistance". Cancer 70, S4 (15 settembre 1992): 1799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19920915)70:4+<1799::aid-cncr2820701623>3.0.co;2-b.

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19

Shaposhnikov, A. V., O. I. Kit, E. M. Nepomnyaschaya e E. A. Yurieva. "Hepatocellular cancer. Current aspects of carcinogenesis". CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY 11, n. 4 (2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.4.5-15.

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The modern concept of general carcinogenesis is built on the basic knowledge of exogenous and endogenous factors. They change the body–organ–cell homeostatic and tissue basis and lead to genetic and molecular alterations followed by uncontrolled abnormal cell growth. We studied hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as an example of malignant neoplasm carcinogenesis. The article presents some major molecular and genetic alterations resulting in HCC as well as their association with immune microenvironment that mostly determines the onset and further tumor development. These are morphological, molecular, and genetic factors on which the HCC classification we propose is based. It involves 2 tumor classes (proliferating and nonproliferating) and will enable for determining the upcoming prospects for diagnosis of and treatment for this condition. Keywords: exogenous and endogenous risk factors, molecular and genetic and structural liver alterations, classification of hepatocellular carcinoma

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20

ROM, WILLIAM N, JOHN G HAY, THEODORE C LEE, YIXING JIANG e KAM-MENG TCHOU-WONG. "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Lung Cancer". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 161, n. 4 (aprile 2000): 1355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.161.4.9908012.

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21

Pöschl, Gudrun, Felix Stickel, Xiang D. Wang e Helmut K. Seitz. "Alcohol and cancer: genetic and nutritional aspects". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, n. 1 (febbraio 2004): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2003323.

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Chronic alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for cancer of upper aero-digestive tract (oro-pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx and oesophagus), the liver, the colo-rectum and the breast. Evidence has accumulated that acetaldehyde is predominantly responsible for alcohol-associated carcinogenesis. Acetaldehyde is carcinogenic and mutagenic, binds to DNA and protein, destroys the folate molecule and results in secondary cellular hyper-regeneration. Acetaldehyde is produced by mucosal and cellular alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 2E1 and through bacterial oxidation. Its generation and/or its metabolism is modulated as a result of polymorphisms or mutations of the genes responsible for these enzymes. Acetaldehyde can also be produced by oral bacteria. Smoking, which changes the oral bacterial flora, also increases salivary acetaldehyde. Cigarette smoke and some alcoholic beverages, such as Calvados, contain acetaldehyde. In addition, chronic alcohol consumption induces cytochrome P450 2E1 enxyme activity in mucosal cells, resulting in an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and in an increased activation of various dietary and environmental carcinogens. Deficiencies of riboflavin, Zn, folate and possibly retinoic acid may further enhance alcohol-associated carcinogenesis. Finally, methyl deficiency as a result of multiple alcohol-induced changes leads to DNA hypomethylation. A depletion of lipotropes, including methionine, choline, betaine and S-adenosylmethionine, as well as folate, results in the hypomethylation of oncogenes and may lead to DNA strand breaks, all of which are associated with increased carcinogenesis.

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22

Al Zeyadi, Mohammad Mohawsh. "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Lung Cancer". Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 27, n. 5 (gennaio 2013): 4051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5504/bbeq.2013.0062.

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23

Kim, Wun-Jae, e Changyi Quan. "Genetic and epigenetic aspects of bladder cancer". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 95, n. 1 (2005): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.20412.

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Meloni-Ehrig, Aurelia M. "Renal cancer: Cytogenetic and molecular genetic aspects". American Journal of Medical Genetics 115, n. 3 (24 ottobre 2002): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.10697.

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25

Palomo, Laura, Pamela Acha e Francesc Solé. "Genetic Aspects of Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms". Cancers 13, n. 9 (27 aprile 2021): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092120.

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Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are myeloid neoplasms characterized by the presentation of overlapping features from both myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Although the classification of MDS/MPN relies largely on clinical features and peripheral blood and bone marrow morphology, studies have demonstrated that a large proportion of patients (~90%) with this disease harbor somatic mutations in a group of genes that are common across myeloid neoplasms. These mutations play a role in the clinical heterogeneity of these diseases and their clinical evolution. Nevertheless, none of them is specific to MDS/MPN and current diagnostic criteria do not include molecular data. Even when such alterations can be helpful for differential diagnosis, they should not be used alone as proof of neoplasia because some of these mutations may also occur in healthy older people. Here, we intend to review the main genetic findings across all MDS/MPN overlap syndromes and discuss their relevance in the management of the patients.

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26

Rădulescu, Silvia N. "Overview of the Genetic Aspects of Lynch Syndrome". Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 126 (1 ottobre 2023): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2023.126.5.3.

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"Lynch syndrome (LS) is one of the most common inherited cancer predisposition syndromes and the most important cause of hereditary colorectal and endometrial cancers. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, caused by a pathogenic germline variant in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2), which encode proteins responsible for maintaining genome stability. A defective MMR system confers an elevated risk of developing certain types of cancer, at a younger age than in the general population and at a high rate of multiple primary neoplasia. Lynch syndrome is not just one disease, but a collection of different subtypes of underlying molecular aspects with specific clinical implications. A better understanding of these subgroup profiles could offer better care for each patient, leading to more personalized risk-reduction and surveillance strategies. Lynch syndrome is a frequent but yet underdiagnosed condition that needs multidisciplinary increased awareness for correct diagnosis and management. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of available literature data on the genetic aspects of Lynch syndrome together with geno-type-phenotype correlations and its clinical implications in the detection, genetic counseling, genetic testing, risk stratification, and management of this condition."

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Sjödahl, R., e P. O. Nyström. "Genetic Aspects of Colorectal Cancer: the Surgeon's View". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 31, sup220 (gennaio 1996): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365529609094765.

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28

Sobolev, V. V., Z. A. Nevozinskaya, A. G. Soboleva e I. M. Korsunskaya. "Cancer of the vulva: genetic aspects of pathogenesis". Gynecology 20, n. 4 (2018): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5696-2018-20-4-9-11.

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Sobolev, V. V., Z. A. Nevozinskaya, A. G. Soboleva e I. M. Korsunskaya. "Cancer of the vulva: genetic aspects of pathogenesis". Gynecology 20, n. 4 (15 agosto 2018): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5696_2018.4.9-11.

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The review is devoted to genetic research in cancer of the vulva. In genetic changes, the mutation irreversibly changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA, or the number of copies of chromosomes changes per cell. In epigenetics, the nucleotide sequence remains unchanged, but gene activity is regulated by methylation of DNA or modification of histones. Most of the studies analyzed are devoted to the study of mutations in the TP53 gene. Many studies indicate that somatic mutations are more common in HPV-negative than in HPV-positive patients. Epigenetic studies in the main devoted to hypermethylation. The gene CDKN2A is most often studied in epigenetic terms. For most of the studied genes, hypermethylation occurs more often in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva than in the precursors.

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Martianov, Aleksandr S., Ekaterina Sh Kuligina, Alexandr A. Romanko e Evgeny N. Imyanitov. "Molecular genetic testing in colon cancer: clinical aspects". Almanac of Clinical Medicine 50, n. 1 (28 aprile 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-002.

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Molecular genetic diagnostics is an essential element to plan for management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The choice of systemic treatment for CRC is impossible without molecular testing of the tumor. For instance, the assessment of the KRAS and NRAS genes is mandatory for consideration of anti-EGFR agents. Tumors with BRAF V600E mutation are characterized by aggressive behavior, the necessity of intensive cytostatic regimens, as well as by sensitivity to combination therapy with BRAF and EGFR inhibitors. Inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair, the MUTYH gene or DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) leads to an excessive tumor mutational burden; these CRC types are highly immunogenic and therefore respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Some colorectal carcinomas are characterized by overexpression of the HER2 oncogene, which make them sensitive to corresponding target therapies. There are CRCs with clinical signs of hereditary predisposition, which require germline genetic testing. Nowadays the molecular diagnosis of CRC is being seriously modified due to worldwide implementation of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) and hypersensitive variants of polymerase chain reaction, for example, droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Non-invasive liquid biopsy is an example of another highly useful innovation that has growing importance for CRC screening, control of surgical intervention efficacy and monitoring of the disease course.

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Offit, Kenneth, e Peter Thom. "Ethical and Legal Aspects of Cancer Genetic Testing". Seminars in Oncology 34, n. 5 (ottobre 2007): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.07.007.

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Ramakrishnaiah, Ravikumar, Bangalore H. Durgesh, Santhosh Basavarajappa, Abdulaziz A. Al Kheraif e Darshan Devang Divakar. "Genetic, molecular and microbiological aspects of oral cancer". Reviews in Medical Microbiology 26, n. 4 (novembre 2015): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mrm.0000000000000051.

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Ursu, Radu, Radu Alexandru Truica, Alexandra Cojocaru, Diana Prepelita, Lucian Pop, Viorica Radoi, Nicolae Bacalbasa e Irina Balescu. "Genetic factors involved in ovarian cancer". Romanian Medical Journal 69, S3 (20 giugno 2022): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2022.s3.3.

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Ovarian cancer is the most frequent type of gynecologic malignancy and is currently on the fifth place among different cancers worldwide. According to the estimations, ovarian cancer accounts for 1.3% of all new cancer cases. Ovarian cancer is considered a heterogeneous class of malignancies with a poor prognosis due to late diagnose and low treatment response. There are few types of ovarian cancer: epithelial ovarian cancer, germline cell ovarian cancer and stromal cell ovarian cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancers represent more than 90% of ovarian malignancies, and comprise high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC), low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSOC), endometrioid carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and clear cell carcinoma. Of these, HGSOC is the most frequent histological subtype. The diagnosis of most of OC cases, at an advanced disease stage is one of the reasons for high fatality rate and carries poor prognosis with current therapies. Several aspects can increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer, including genetic factors, such as age, postmenopausal hormonal therapy use, infertility and nulliparity. Among the genetic factors, most commonly we encounter BRCA1 and BRCA2, at approximately 17% of patients. Also these mutation rise the risk for another cancers like breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostatic cancer and melanoma. BRCA1 and 2 are genes involved in DNA repair and maintenance. Other genes that have a similar function are RAD511C, RAD51D, BRIP1, PALB2, CHEK2, MRE11A, RAD50, ATM and TP53.

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Borreani, Claudia, e Laura Gangeri. "Genetic Counselling: Communication and Psychosocial Aspects". Tumori Journal 82, n. 2 (marzo 1996): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169608200209.

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The results of genetic research have a remarkable role in medicine progress. At the same time the issues of prevention, individual attitudes and behaviour have acquired more importance, not only in relation to the illness but also regarding one's health. For these reasons is important to consider this field of study and intervention as an area to face, not only from the medical point of view but also from ethical and psychological ones. If we agree on the importance of a global approach to this problem, psychosocial support, which is often considered a parallel intervention, becomes a component of genetic counselling: the focal point of the intervention becomes the person, and not only the problem. The literature of the last years is rich of studies that have deepened these themes. Some studies have been analysed and reported but it is not easy to individualise a common patrimony of knowledge. Some aspects as information, communication, risk perception and psychological consequences are presented and discussed in this paper.

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Janeczko-Czarnecka, Małgorzata, Ryszard Ślęzak, Wojciech Pietras e Katarzyna Kilis Pstrusinska. "Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) – clinical and genetic aspects". Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology 72, n. 4 (22 agosto 2022): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/njo.2022.0040.

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Scott, Rodney J., e Hansjakob Müller. "Familial and genetic aspects of colorectal carcinogenesis". European Journal of Cancer 29, n. 15 (gennaio 1993): 2163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(93)90056-l.

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Amorim, Gelbert Luiz Chamon do Carmo, Denny Fabricio Magalhães Veloso, José Carlos Vieira e Paulo Roberto Alves. "Molecular aspects of bladder cancer". Einstein (São Paulo) 9, n. 1 (marzo 2011): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082011rb1593.

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ABSTRACT One of the most important objectives of genetic markers of cancer will be the possible identification of individuals at greatest risk in order to allow better management and prognosis. Many urological tumors were associated to various types of gene alterations with a great number of genes involved in the process, hindering gene therapy. This treatment uses specific techniques and one or several genes are manipulated in the laboratory in order to induce molecular alterations that may block the oncogenic process. The article addresses these issues emphasizing the importance of the new molecular biology techniques.

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Franca, Giulia Nogueira, Lelisa Pereira Oliveira e Carlos Antônio da Silva Franca. "CÂNCER DE MAMA E MUTAÇÃO RAD51D: Aspectos psicológicos do impacto do diagnóstico na paciente". Psicologia e Saúde em Debate 10, n. 1 (3 aprile 2024): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22289/2446-922x.v10n1a21.

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Breast cancer is a global public health issue, in Brazil, affecting approximately 73,610 new cases annually. The diagnosis impacts the patient’s life and their family, triggering a range of negative emotions and social consequences. The journey begins with the detection of a lump, followed by internal conflicts such as denial and acceptance. The complexity of breast cancer is due to multiple genetic factors. Genetic mutations influence the risk and treatment, with genetic sequencing allowing for advanced diagnoses. The psychological impact is a frequent concern, emphasizing the need for effective communication between doctor and patient. The patient described here has triple-negative breast cancer and a genetic mutation in the RAD51D gene, with the psychological assessment revealing insecurity, a quest for information, and concerns about treatment. The lack of personalized psychological support is evident, underscoring the importance of medical-psychological integration for a more holistic approach. This analysis provides insights into the emotional aspects of genetic mutation diagnosis in breast cancer, emphasizing the ongoing need for collaboration between medicine and psychology to enhance support for patients facing breast cancer and its genetic implications.

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Miller, Mike. "Colorectal Cancer: Tackling the Genetic Aspects of the Disease". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 90, n. 14 (15 luglio 1998): 1034–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/90.14.1034.

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Lyubchenko, L. N., M. G. Filippova, O. A. Anurova, P. B. Nazliev e I. S. Stilidi. "HEREDITARY DIFFUSE GASTRIC CANCER: GENETIC ASPECTS AND PROPHYLACTIC TOTAL GASTRECTOMY". Siberian journal of oncology 17, n. 4 (4 settembre 2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2018-17-4-48-52.

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For patients with an identified germline E-cadherin-1 (CDH1) mutation, prophylactic gastrectomy is the treatment of choice to eliminate the high risk of developing diffuse gastric cancer. The case report describes a rare case of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) associated with CDH1 gene mutation, which is reported in the Russian population for the first time. In 2013, a 28-year- old woman was referred to Clinical Oncogenetics Laboratory with a family history of gastric cancer. Molecular genetic analysis revealed CDH1 gene mutation. The lifetime risk of cancer in mutation positive members is more than 80. Histological examination of gastric biopsy specimens obtained during endoscopy revealed isolated signet ring cells in the lamina propria. Spleenpreserving D2-lymphodissection and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction with a jejunal reservoir formation were performed at the Abdominal Oncology Surgery Department.

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Singh, Juhi, Puneet Kumar, Khushi Verma, Satyender Kumar Tiwary, Gopeshwar Narayan e V. K. Dixit. "Molecular genetic changes in gastric carcinoma". International Journal of Molecular & Immuno Oncology 6 (8 gennaio 2021): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijmio_8_2020.

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Gastric cancer remains highly prevalent and accounts for a notable proportion of global cancer mortality and this is associated with poor survival rates. Understanding the molecular genetic changes of gastric carcinoma may offer an insight into its pathogenesis helps in identifying new biomarkers, aid prognostication, and novel treatment targets. Over a past few decades, advances in technology and high throughput analysis have improved understanding of the molecular genetic aspects of gastric cancer. In this article, hierarchy of the changes at genetic and molecular level including several aspects which are heterogenous and represents a wide spectrum such as tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, cellcycle regulators, apoptosis, cell-adhesion molecules, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, and epigenetic changes. The classification of gastric carcinoma at molecular and genetic level as well as hereditary gastric carcinoma is elaborated. The molecular genetic aspects regarding pathogenesis, changes and aberrations of all genes and pathways which are involved in gastric cancer are addressed in this review.

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Kourti, Maria, e Emmanouel Hatzipantelis. "Evolving Aspects of Prognostic Factors for Pediatric Cancer". Diagnostics 13, n. 23 (23 novembre 2023): 3515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233515.

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43

Toruner, Murat, Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico e Christopher L. Pin. "New Aspects of the Epigenetics of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis". Epigenomes 4, n. 3 (31 agosto 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes4030018.

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Pancreatic cancer remains among the deadliest forms of cancer with a 5 year survival rate less than 10%. With increasing numbers being observed, there is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. While both contribute to disease progression, neither genetic nor environmental factors completely explain susceptibility or pathogenesis. Defining the links between genetic and environmental events represents an opportunity to understand the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Epigenetics, the study of mitotically heritable changes in genome function without a change in nucleotide sequence, is an emerging field of research in pancreatic cancer. The main epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA interference, all of which are altered by changes to the environment. Epigenetic mechanisms are being investigated to clarify the underlying pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer including an increasing number of studies examining the role as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. These mechanisms also provide targets for promising new therapeutic approaches for this devastating malignancy.

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Chang, Emily, Hakan Demirci e F. Yesim Demirci. "Genetic Aspects of Conjunctival Melanoma: A Review". Genes 14, n. 9 (23 agosto 2023): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14091668.

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Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare but aggressive cancer. Over the past decade, molecular studies using rapidly advancing technologies have increasingly improved our understanding of CM genetics. CMs are mainly characterized by dysregulated MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, driven by commonly mutated (BRAF, NRAS, NF1) or less commonly mutated (KIT, PTEN) genes. Another group of genes frequently mutated in CMs include TERT and ATRX, with known roles in telomere maintenance and chromatin remodeling/epigenetic regulation. Uveal melanoma-related genes (BAP1, SF3B1, GNAQ/11) can also be mutated in CMs, albeit infrequently. Additional CM-related mutated genes have increasingly been identified using more comprehensive genetic analyses, awaiting further confirmation in additional/larger studies. As a tumor arising in a partly sun-exposed mucosal tissue, CM exhibits a distinct genomic profile, including the frequent presence of an ultraviolet (UV) signature (and high mutational load) and also the common occurrence of large structural variations (distributed across the genome) in addition to specific gene mutations. The knowledge gained from CM genetic studies to date has led to new therapeutic avenues, including the use of targeted and/or immuno-therapies with promising outcomes in several cases. Accordingly, the implementation of tumor genetic testing into the routine clinical care of CM patients holds promise to further improve and personalize their treatments. Likewise, a growing knowledge of poor prognosis-associated genetic changes in CMs (NRAS, TERT, and uveal melanoma signature mutations and chromosome 10q deletions) may ultimately guide future strategies for prognostic testing to further improve clinical outcomes (by tailoring surveillance and considering prophylactic treatments in patients with high-risk primary tumors).

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45

Li, Shuai, Tuong L. Nguyen, Tu Nguyen-Dumont, James G. Dowty, Gillian S. Dite, Zhoufeng Ye, Ho N. Trinh et al. "Genetic Aspects of Mammographic Density Measures Associated with Breast Cancer Risk". Cancers 14, n. 11 (2 giugno 2022): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14112767.

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Cumulus, Altocumulus, and Cirrocumulus are measures of mammographic density defined at increasing pixel brightness thresholds, which, when converted to mammogram risk scores (MRSs), predict breast cancer risk. Twin and family studies suggest substantial variance in the MRSs could be explained by genetic factors. For 2559 women aged 30 to 80 years (mean 54 years), we measured the MRSs from digitized film mammograms and estimated the associations of the MRSs with a 313-SNP breast cancer polygenic risk score (PRS) and 202 individual SNPs associated with breast cancer risk. The PRS was weakly positively correlated (correlation coefficients ranged 0.05–0.08; all p < 0.04) with all the MRSs except the Cumulus-white MRS based on the “white but not bright area” (correlation coefficient = 0.04; p = 0.06). After adjusting for its association with the Altocumulus MRS, the PRS was not associated with the Cumulus MRS. There were MRS associations (Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.04) with one SNP in the ATXN1 gene and nominally with some ESR1 SNPs. Less than 1% of the variance of the MRSs is explained by the genetic markers currently known to be associated with breast cancer risk. Discovering the genetic determinants of the bright, not white, regions of the mammogram could reveal substantial new genetic causes of breast cancer.

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Rumjanzeva, U., P. Rumjanzev e A. Ilyin. "Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Sporadic Non-Medullar Thyroid Cancer". Clinical and experimental thyroidology 2, n. 1 (15 marzo 2006): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/ket20062116-20.

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47

Durnev, A. D., e A. K. Zhanataev. "Relevant Aspects of Drug Genetic Toxicology". Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products 12, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2022): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2022-12-1-90-109.

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Abstract (sommario):

Genotoxic lesions are not only a cause of genetic pathologies and cancer, but also the most common and significant factor of the etiopathology of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, reproductive losses, infertility, and aging. This requires careful monitoring of the use of potential genotoxicants including medicinal products (MPs), which are a group of compounds intentionally and routinely used by humans. Genotoxicity assesment is highly essential in preclinical drug safety studies. The aim of the study was to analyse the current situation and reveal possible ways of addressing methodological and regulatory issues in genotoxicology to enable proper conduction of drug safety preclinical studies. The article summarises basic concepts of the modern genetic toxicology development and highlights the history of research aimed at identifying mutagenic, clastogenic, and aneugenic effects. The authors analyse regulatory aspects of genotoxicological studies of MPs and consider issues of improving the strategy for genotoxicity testing. The paper gives information about the genotoxicity tests approved for MPs, recommendations for interchangeability of tests in relation to particular study characteristics. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the tests’ pros and cons with an emphasis that the study of each MP is a separate scientific task. They discuss interpretation of results and prediction of MP carcinogenic potential in genotoxicological studies. Recommendations are given for the optimisation of the MP genotoxicity assessment strategy, considering its partial integration into general toxicity studies. The article stresses the urgent need to develop registration methods for genotoxic events in germ cells, assesses the prospects of new tests, and reviews new trends in drug genotoxicology fundamental research.

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Maher, ER, e JRW Yates. "Familial renal cell carcinoma: clinical and molecular genetic aspects". British Journal of Cancer 63, n. 2 (febbraio 1991): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1991.43.

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Bigner, S. H. "Morphologic and molecular genetic aspects of oligodendroglial neoplasms". Neuro-Oncology 1, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1999): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15228517-1-1-52.

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50

Bigner, Sandra H., B. K. Ahmed Rasheed, Rodney Wiltshire e Roger E. McLendon. "Morphologic and molecular genetic aspects of oligodendroglial neoplasms". Neuro-Oncology 1, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1999): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/1.1.52.

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