Articoli di riviste: "Cancer colorectal – Cytologie"

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Lucha, Paul A., Romeo Ignacio, Dennis Rowley e Michael Francis. "The Incidence of Positive Peritoneal Cytology in Colon Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Blinded Trial". American Surgeon 68, n. 11 (novembre 2002): 1018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480206801117.

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Many investigators have attempted to explain the suspected increased incidence of port site metastasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resections for cancer with animal models in which cancer is simulated by injection of a tumor slurry into the peritoneal cavity. This approach makes the basic assumption that all patients with colorectal malignancies have viable cancer cells freely circulating within the peritoneal cavity. Recent reports in open colorectal resections have conflicting results. Some suggest that the true incidence is negligible and related to advanced-stage cancers whereas others implicate a much higher incidence. We initiated a prospective blinded trial to establish the true incidence of malignant peritoneal cytology in colorectal cancer. One hundred eight consecutive colon resections underwent conventional peritoneal cytologic evaluation. The patients included those with inflammatory conditions of the colon as well as malignant disease. The cytopathologist was blinded as to the indications for surgery as well as the final pathology result. In only one case—stage IV rectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis—was the cytologic specimen positive. Malignant cytology appears to be an infrequent occurrence and is restricted to advanced-stage cancer.

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Kobayashi, Hirotoshi, Kenjiro Kotake, Kenichi Sugihara e Yoichi Ajioka. "Peritoneal lavage cytology in patients with curative resection for stage II and III colorectal cancer: A multi-institutional prospective study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, n. 3_suppl (20 gennaio 2024): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.3_suppl.11.

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11 Background: Although various prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer has been reported, the usefulness of intraoperative lavage cytology in patients with colorectal cancer is controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of intraoperative lavage cytology in patients with curative resection for pSage II-III colorectal cancer in a prospective multicenter study. Methods: The 20 member hospitals of the Japanese Society for the Cancer of the Colon and Rectum prospectively registered the patients diagnosed as stage II or III colorectal cancer preoperatively between 2013 and 2017. Among these patients, pStage II-III patients went through analysis. Lavage cytology was performed twice during surgery. The first procedure was performed right after laparotomy, and the second was performed right after specimen retrieval. The primary endpoint of this study was an effect of lavage cytology on 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with pStage II-III colorectal cancer. The secondary endpoint was an effect of lavage cytology on 5-year overall survival (OS) and peritoneal recurrence in patients with pStage II-III colorectal cancer. Results: A total of 1378 patients were eligible and went through analysis. The number of patients with pStage II and III colorectal cancer were 670 and 708, respectively. Among 1378 patients, 54 (3.9%) had positive cytology. The median follow-up period of the entire cohort was 5.3 years. In pStage II patients, the 5-year RFS rate with positive and negative cytology was 61.1% and 81.6%, respectively (P = 0.023). The 5-year OS rate of pStage II patients with positive and negative cytology was 67.1% and 91.7%, respectively (P = 0.0083). However, there was no difference in RFS and OS between patients with positive and negative cytology in pStage III patients. Thirty-three patients had peritoneal recurrence. The peritoneal recurrence rate was 11.8% and 1.5% in pStage II patients with positive and negative lavage cytology, respectively (P = 0.032). That was 10.5% and 2.5% in pStage III patients with positive and negative lavage cytology, respectively (P = 0.022). In total, 11.1% of patients with positive lavage cytology had peritoneal recurrence in this cohort. Conclusions: The pStage II colorectal cancer patients with negative cytology had better RFS and OS compared to those with positive cytology. Peritoneal lavage cytology was useful in predicting peritoneal recurrence after curative resection for pStage II-III colorectal cancer. Clinical trial information: UMIN000026070 .

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Tatomirovic, Zeljka, Vesna Skuletic, Ivana Tufegdzic, Ljiljana Tomic, Jelena Dzambas e Dino Tarabar. "The value of brush cytology and biopsy for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer". Vojnosanitetski pregled 74, n. 7 (2017): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160112115t.

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Background/Aim. Although it is well-known the high sensitivity of brush cytology for the diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma, this kind of diagnostics is not routinely used, and for the past years it has even been declining. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of brush cytology for the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma, by comparison the results of brush cytology and biopsy, and then the results of both diagnostic methods with the final patohistological diagnosis of colorectal resection. Methods. This retrospective study included 173 patients with brush cytology of colorectal region during colonoscopy. In 166 patients concomitant biopsy specimens were obtained, and in 116 of them resection of the intestine as well. A total of the 106 patients underwent to all three diagnostic procedures. Results. Out of 166 patients who went through both brush cytology and biopsy, the congruent diagnosis was made in 129 (77.7%) patients: in 109 (65.7%) adenocarcinoma was diagnosed, which was confirmed after the resection of the intestine in 75 of the patients, and in 14 (8.4%) benign lesion, so there was no need for resection of the intestine. In 6 (3.6%) of the patients, both cytology and biopsy were negative, but the resected specimen was malignant. In 10 of the patients with malignant cytology in whom biopsy was not done, resection of the intestine confirmed malignancy. The sensitivity of detecting malignancy by brush cytology and biopsy were 87.9% and 78.3%, respectively (but this difference was not statistically significant, p = 0.083). Both methods had specificity and positive predictive values 100%. Negative predictive values for cytology and biopsy were 50% and 37.8%, respectively. The accuracy of cytology and biopsy was 89.2% and 80.8%, respectively. The combination of the results of brush cytology and biopsy increased the sensitivity of preoperative diagnostics to 94.8% which was significantly higher than sensitivity of biopsy (p < 0.001), but not than sensitivity of cytology (p = 0.102). Conclusion. Brush cytology could be a routine method, along with biopsy, in the diagnosis of colorectal malignancy. Both methods have comparable both sensitivity and accuracy, and its combination increases sensitivity of preoperative diagnostics of colorectal adenocarcinoma, which gives opportunity to better estimation of further diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

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Bhasin, DeepakK, Arvind Rajwanshi, Rakesh Kochhar e SatishK Mehta. "BRUSH CYTOLOGY FOR COLORECTAL CANCER". Lancet 333, n. 8647 (maggio 1989): 1133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92404-5.

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Banerjee, Anjan, e Matt Seymour. "Peritoneal cytology in colorectal cancer". Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 42, n. 5 (maggio 1999): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02234153.

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Jacobi, Elizabeth M., Gene Landon, Russell R. Broaddus e Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri. "Evaluating Mismatch Repair/Microsatellite Instability Status Using Cytology Effusion Specimens to Determine Eligibility for Immunotherapy". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 145, n. 1 (30 marzo 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0398-oa.

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Context.— The approval of pembrolizumab for treatment of patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) advanced cancers has led to increased requests for MSI and/or MMR immunoperoxidase (IPOX) testing. Diagnoses for patients with advanced-stage cancer are frequently made from cytology specimens. Objective.— To investigate the feasibility of using cell block (CB) preparations of effusions for MMR IPOX evaluation. Design.— Surgical pathology cases of colorectal and endometrial carcinomas with known MMR/MSI status and matched effusions with available CBs were identified. Cell block sections were evaluated for adequacy and stained with MMR IPOX (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2). The CBs were reviewed, the number of tumor cells quantified, and MMR IPOX was interpreted as retained, lost, suboptimal, or noncontributory. Results.— We identified 748 cases with MMR/MSI testing on surgical specimens having matched effusions. Of these, 131 cases (17.5%) had an available CB and 53 were deemed adequate for MMR IPOX staining. MMR IPOX results between effusion CBs and surgical pathology specimens were concordant in 45 of 53 (85%), inconclusive in 6 of 53 (11%), and discordant in 2 of 53 (4%) cases. Conclusions.— There was high concordance of MMR IPOX testing between cytologic and surgical specimens, with no false-positive and 2 false-negative CB results. Limited tumor cells, staining in cells indefinite as tumor, tumor staining heterogeneity, and lack of internal control staining were problematic in some cases. Our findings indicate that cytologic effusion specimens may be suitable substrates for MMR IPOX biomarker testing; however, inconclusive cases need to be interpreted with caution.

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Vilella, Angels, Magdalena Garcia-Bonafe, Carlos Dolz, Hernan Andreu, Alvaro Brotons e Javier Ibarra. "Cytologic Study for Endoscopic Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 61, n. 5 (aprile 2005): AB266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(05)01395-7.

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Zhang, Min, Lin Li, Ping Liu e C. D’Arcy J. Holman. "Green tea for the prevention of cancer: evidence of field epidemiology". Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2, n. 10 (15 ottobre 2012): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v2i10.79.

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Background: Tea is derived from the leaf of Camellia sinensis, a natural beverage widely consumed around the world. Geological and botanical evidence suggests that the tea plant originated from China. Varying methods of processing tea leaves lead to green tea, black tea, or Oolong tea, which differ in their concentrations of polyphenols. Green tea polyphenols appear to have anti-tumorigenic properties, and form 30-40% of the dry weight of green tea compared with only 3-10% of black tea. Numerous studies in multiple animal models and different cancer cell lines have demonstrated the anti-tumorigenesis by green tea polyphenols. Despite the consistency of laboratory results, evidence of this effect occuring in humans has been inconclusive to date.Objective: To investigate if green tea consumption was associated with longer survival rates in ovarian cancer patients, and a lower risk of ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancer, in addition to adult leukemiaMethods: We have conducted one prospective cohort study in ovarian cancer patients, and five case-control studies in ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancers, and leukemia over the past decade. Tea consumption was measured using a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interviews. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was assessed in a preliminary study, and then evaluated by a test–retest. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to obtain hazard ratios(HRs), 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs), and were adjusted for age at diagnosis, locality, body mass index(BMI), parity, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (IFGO) stage, histologic grade of differentiation, cytology of ascites, residual tumour, and chemotherapeutic status. Odds ratios(ORs) and 95% CIs were obtained using logistic regression analyses, which accounted for demographic, lifestyle, hormonal and family cancer factors, and potential confounders. Results: Higher green tea consumption was consistently observed as being associated with a lower risk of mortality due to ovarian cancer, and a decreased risk of ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancers, and adult leukemia occurrences in our observational studies. The adjusted HR and 95% CI for case mortality from ovarian cancer was 0.40(0.18-0.90) in the patients who consumed green tea at the highest level compared with non-tea drinkers. Compared with never or seldom tea drinkers, the adjusted ORs ranged from 0.07 to 0.61 for ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancers, and adult leukemia in those who consumed green tea at the highest level. Significant inverse dose-response relationships were also observed for quantity, duration, and frequency of green tea consumed.Conclusion: We concluded that regular consumption of green tea enhanced survival of ovarian cancer, and decreased risks of ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancers, and adult leukemia. Evidence from our observational studies supported the protective effect of green tea against cancers, and this evidence will provide a knowledge platform from which to launch interventional studies for cancer prevention in the next stage.Key words: Green tea, nutrition epidemiology, case-control studies, cohort studies, risk factor, cancer survival, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, adult leukemia, ovarian cancer

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Alyautdina, O. S., e O. V. Sinicina. "Intraepithelial colorectal lesions in women with cervical infection with human papillomavirus." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 96, n. 5 (12 ottobre 2018): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-5-459-462.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cervical cancer and colorectal cancer are closely related. Women with cervical HPV infection have more than 3 times the high risk of anal infection. Some studies indicate a persistent relationship between colorectal cancer caused by HPV infection and a similar genotype of cervical cancer. In our research, using the method of liquid cytology, a comparison of colorectal HPV lesion in patients with dysplasia of the cervix in history and a control group without pathology of the cervix was carried out. The cytological study was performed using the method of liquid cytology BDShurePath using the automated scanning system BDFocalPoint. Detection of HPV genotypes of high oncogenic risk (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68) was carried out by hybrid capture (HPVdigene-test hybrid capture ll).The results of our studies showed that 24% of patients at high risk in the cytological examination of scrapings from the rectum had an intraepithelial lesion of the rectal epithelium, most likely associated with HPV infection. In the control group, these changes were not observed. The results show that HPV-associated pathology of the cervix is a risk factor for intraepithelial damage to the rectum. Such patients are in a group at high risk of developing colorectal cancer and should undergo a regular appropriate examination.

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FURUYAMA, Nobuaki. "Direct vision brushing cytology of colorectal cancer." Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology 24, n. 2 (1985): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5795/jjscc.24.157.

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Turner, Roderick R., Dean T. Nora, Steven D. Trocha e Anton J. Bilchik. "Colorectal Carcinoma Nodal Staging". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, n. 6 (1 giugno 2003): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-673-ccns.

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Abstract Context.—Nodal staging accuracy is important for prognosis and selection of patients for chemotherapy. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping improves staging accuracy in breast cancer and melanoma and is being investigated for colorectal carcinoma. Objective.—To assess pathologic aspects of SLN staging for colon cancer. Design.—Sentinel lymph nodes were identified with a dual surgeon-pathologist technique in 51 colorectal carcinomas and 12 adenomas. The frequency of cytokeratin (CK)–positive cells in mesenteric lymph nodes, both SLN and non-SLN, was determined along with their immunohistochemical characteristics. Results.—The median number of SLNs was 3; the median number of total nodes was 14. The CK-positive cell clusters were detected in the SLNs of 10 (29%) of 34 SLN-negative patients. Adjusted per patient, SLNs were significantly more likely to contain CK-positive cells than non-SLNs (P < .001). Cell clusters, cytologic atypia, and/or coexpression of tumor and epithelial markers p53 and E-cadherin were supportive of carcinoma cells. Single CK-positive cells only, however, could not be definitively characterized as isolated tumor cells; these cells generally lacked malignant cytologic features and coexpression of tumor and epithelial markers and in 2 cases represented mesothelial cells with calretinin immunoreactivity. Colorectal adenomas were associated with a rare SLN CK-positive cell in 1 (8%) of 12 cases. Conclusions.—Sentinel lymph node staging with CK-immunohistochemical analysis for colorectal carcinomas is highly sensitive for detection of nodal tumor cells. Cohesive cell clusters can be reliably reported as isolated tumor cells. Single CK-positive cells should be interpreted with caution, because they may occasionally represent benign epithelial or mesothelial cells.

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Cortes-Guiral, Delia, e Olivier Glehen. "Expanding Uses of HIPEC for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A European Perspective". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 33, n. 05 (settembre 2020): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713742.

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AbstractLocally advanced colorectal cancer is a challenge for surgeons and medical oncologist; 10 to 20% colorectal cancer debut as locally advanced disease, with tumors extending through the colon wall with perforation and/or invasion of adjacent organs or structures. Those locally advanced tumors have a worse prognostic at any stage due not only to systemic dissemination but also in a high percentage of patients, to locoregional recurrence, in fact, peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin is so predictable that we can assess the risk for each patient according to some histopathological and clinical features: small peritoneal nodules resected in the first surgery (70% probability), ovarian metastases (60%), perforated tumor onset or intraoperative tumor rupture (50%), positive cytology (40%), and pT4/mucinous pT3 up to 40%. Prophylactic or adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy seems to be a promising strategy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer to prevent the development of peritoneal recurrence and improve prognosis of this group of patients.

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Fitzgerald, N., C. Gauvreau, S. Memon, S. Hussain, A. Coldman, C. Popadiuk, W. Evans et al. "The OncoSim Cancer Simulation Platform: A Tool to Project the Population Effects of Cancer Control Interventions in Canada". Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 ottobre 2018): 77s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.20300.

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Background: Cancer control interventions exert their effects over multiple decades. To evaluate diverse and competing opportunities to reduce future cancer burden it is desirable to understand long-term effects prior to any new program implementation or significant change. Internationally, modeling is becoming an accepted source of planning information for decision-makers. Aim: We will describe the construction and use of the OncoSim microsimulation model, which was developed to evaluate cancer control strategies in Canada. Methods: OncoSim is a suite of models (cancers of the lung, colorectum, cervix and breast, plus a composite 32-cancer model) used to address key policy questions and support decision-making. It is led by the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer with model development by Statistics Canada. OncoSim incorporates risk factors, cancer natural history, screening, treatment, survival and end-of-life care. Wherever possible it is informed by Canadian data sources. Models are calibrated to reproduce a range of cancer-specific statistics, e.g., current and historical Canadian cancer-specific incidence and mortality, smoking patterns, and results of screening. The site-specific models have undergone further validation by replicating reported short-term effects of cancer prevention and screening interventions. Users may customize interventions through modifying input parameters. Outputs include incidence, mortality, costs, cost-effectiveness, and resource utilization. Users from the public sector have access at no cost to OncoSim and receive extensive support from a multidisciplinary technical team. The model is continually updated to incorporate emerging knowledge. Results: OncoSim has been used to support cancer control decision-making at the national and provincial/territorial levels. Applications include: national guidelines recommendations for colorectal and lung cancer screening; comparison of cytology vs. HPV based cervical cancer screening; and integration of smoking cessation into low-dose CT lung cancer screening. Conclusion: Validated simulation models such as OncoSim can be a versatile and efficient tool for cancer control planners to evaluate and prioritize cancer control strategies.

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Woo, Pauline P. S., Jane J. Kim e Gabriel M. Leung. "What Is the Most Cost-Effective Population-Based Cancer Screening Program for Chinese Women?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, n. 6 (9 febbraio 2007): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.06.0210.

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Purpose To develop a policy-relevant generalized cost-effectiveness (CE) model of population-based cancer screening for Chinese women. Methods Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted and associated screening and treatment costs under population-based screening using cervical cytology (cervical cancer), mammography (breast cancer), and fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, FOBT plus sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy (colorectal cancer) were estimated, from which average and incremental CE ratios were generated. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was undertaken to assess stochasticity, parameter uncertainty, and model assumptions. Results Cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers were together responsible for 13,556 DALYs (in a 1:4:3 ratio, respectively) in Hong Kong's 3.4 million female population annually. All status quo strategies were dominated, thus confirming the suboptimal efficiency of opportunistic screening. Current patterns of screening averted 471 DALYs every year, which could potentially be more than doubled to 1,161 DALYs under the same screening and treatment budgetary threshold of US $50 million with 100% Pap coverage every 4 years and 30% coverage of colonoscopy every 10 years. With higher budgetary caps, biennial mammographic screening starting at age 50 years can be introduced. Conclusion Our findings have informed how best to achieve allocative efficiency in deploying scarce cancer care dollars but must be coupled with better integrated care planning, improved intersectoral coordination, increased resources, and stronger political will to realize the potential health and economic gains as demonstrated.

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Brouwer, Richard, Alistair MacDonald, Ronnie Matthews, James Gunn, John R. Monson e John E. Hartley. "Brush Cytology for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer". Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 52, n. 4 (aprile 2009): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/dcr.0b013e3181a0ad44.

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Barsouk, Adam, Kalyan Saginala, John Sukumar Aluru, Prashanth Rawla e Alexander Barsouk. "US Cancer Screening Recommendations: Developments and the Impact of COVID-19". Medical Sciences 10, n. 1 (1 marzo 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci10010016.

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The USPSTF and ACS recommend screening for breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancers. Rates of cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment decreased significantly in the US and other developed nations during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown (April 2020) and have since recovered, although not to baseline levels in many cases. For breast cancer, the USPSTF recommends biennial screening with mammography for women aged 50–74, while the ACS recommends annual screening for women aged 45–54, who may transition to biennial after 55. Minority and rural populations have lower rates of screening and lower utilization of DBT, which offers superior sensitivity and specificity. Among 20 US health networks in April 2020, mammography rates were down 89.2% and new breast cancer diagnoses down by 50.5%. For cervical cancer, the USPSTF recommends cervical cytology every three years for women 21–65, or cytology+hrHPV co-testing every five years for women aged 30–65. Cervical cancer screening rates declined by 87% in April 2020 and recovered to a 40% decline by June 2020, with American Indians and Asians most severely affected. For colorectal cancer (CRC), the USPSTF and ACS recommend screening for ages 45–75, recently lowered from a starting age of 50. Most commonly-used modalities include annual FIT testing, FIT+DNA testing every three years, and colonoscopy every ten years, with shorter repeat if polyps are found. In the US, CRC screenings were down by 79–84.5% in April 2020 across several retrospective studies. Patient encounters for CRC were down by 39.9%, and a UK-based model predicted that 5-year-survival would decrease by 6.4%. The USPSTF recommends screening low dose CT scans (LDCTs) for ages 50–80 with a >20 pack-year smoking history who have smoked within the past 15 years. In April 2020, screening LDCTs fell by 72–78% at one US institution and lung cancer diagnoses were down 39.1%.

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Diaz-Mercedes, Sherley, Ivan Archilla, Sara Lahoz, Maria Teresa Rodrigo-Calvo, Sandra Lopez-Prades, Jordi Tarragona, Stefania Landolfi et al. "Cytology Smears: An Enhanced Alternative Method for Colorectal Cancer pN Stage—A Multicentre Study". Cancers 14, n. 24 (9 dicembre 2022): 6072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14246072.

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Stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence remains a clinical problem. Some of these patients are true stage III CRC with a pN0 pathology stage. This large prospective multicentre cohort study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic ability of lymph node (LN) cytology smears to perform the pN stage and compare it with the conventional haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) pathology pN stage. Additionally, we used the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA), a high-sensitive molecular method of LN staging. A total of 3936 fresh LNs from 217 CRC surgical specimens were examined by three methods, H&E, LN cytology smears, and OSNA. H&E detected 29% of patients with positive LNs, cytology smears 35%, and OSNA 33.2% (p < 0.0001). H&E and cytology concordantly classified 92.2% of tumours, and 88.5% between OSNA and H&E. Cytology had 96.8% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity to discriminate positive/negative patients compared to H&E (p = 0.004), and 87.3% sensitivity and 89% specificity when compared to OSNA (p = 0.56). Patients with positive LNs detected by any of the three methods had significantly worse disease-free and overall survival. We conclude that pN stage accuracy for detecting positive LNs is superior with LN cytological smears than with conventional H&E, which would enable a better pN stage and management of early-stage CRC patients.

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Kim, Hyung Kyung, Eunkyung Han, Jeonghyo Lee, Kwangil Yim, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Kyung Jin Seo, Jang Won Seo et al. "Artificial-Intelligence-Assisted Detection of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells in Ascitic Fluid". Cancers 16, n. 5 (5 marzo 2024): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16051064.

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Ascites cytology is a cost-effective test for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) in the abdominal cavity. However, metastatic carcinoma of the peritoneum is difficult to diagnose based on biopsy findings, and ascitic aspiration cytology has a low sensitivity and specificity and a high inter-observer variability. The aim of the present study was to apply artificial intelligence (AI) to classify benign and malignant cells in ascites cytology patch images of metastatic CRC using a deep convolutional neural network. Datasets were collected from The OPEN AI Dataset Project, a nationwide cytology dataset for AI research. The numbers of patch images used for training, validation, and testing were 56,560, 7068, and 6534, respectively. We evaluated 1041 patch images of benign and metastatic CRC in the ascitic fluid to compare the performance of pathologists and an AI algorithm, and to examine whether the diagnostic accuracy of pathologists improved with the assistance of AI. This AI method showed an accuracy, a sensitivity, and a specificity of 93.74%, 87.76%, and 99.75%, respectively, for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign ascites. The diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of the pathologist with the assistance of the proposed AI method increased from 86.8% to 90.5% and from 73.3% to 79.3%, respectively. The proposed deep learning method may assist pathologists with different levels of experience in diagnosing metastatic CRC cells of ascites.

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Yokomizo, H., e Y. Takii. "Significance of Intraoperative Periotoneal Lavage Cytology in Colorectal Cancer". Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi 60, n. 1 (2007): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3862/jcoloproctology.60.8.

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Gozalan, Ugur, Ahmet Cinar Yasti, Yunus Nadi Yuksek, Erhan Reis e Nuri Aydin Kama. "Peritoneal cytology in colorectal cancer: incidence and prognostic value". American Journal of Surgery 193, n. 6 (giugno 2007): 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.10.020.

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Fujii, Shoichi, Hiroshi Shimada, Shigeru Yamagishi, Mitsuyoshi Ota, Chikara Kunisaki, Hideyuki Ike e Yasushi Ichikawa. "Evaluation of intraperitoneal lavage cytology before colorectal cancer resection". International Journal of Colorectal Disease 24, n. 8 (28 maggio 2009): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00384-009-0733-z.

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Rekhraj, Sushil, Omer Aziz, Emmanouil Zacharakis e Paul Ziprin. "Peritoneal cytology in colorectal cancer: incidence and prognostic value". American Journal of Surgery 196, n. 4 (ottobre 2008): 617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.10.011.

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Gordon, Ian L., Eric B. Rypins, Raymond B. Wuerker e James J. Jakowatz. "Cytologic detection of colorectal cancer after administration of oral lavage solution". Cancer 68, n. 1 (1 luglio 1991): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19910701)68:1<106::aid-cncr2820680121>3.0.co;2-3.

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Wang, Xin, Xiaoxia Qin, Jian Zhang, Yankai Zhao e Yingchao Gao. "Screening for colorectal cancer: Study on the shedding cells of feces". Cytojournal 21 (25 aprile 2024): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_107_2023.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the enrichment efficiency of an improved fecal exfoliated cell enrichment method and its application in colorectal cancer screening. Material and Methods: Samples were collected from a cohort of 100 colorectal cancer patients being treated at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022. Patient samples were equally divided between control and experimental groups corresponding to the enrichment method being applied to the fecal exfoliated cells. Samples consisted of natural stool and bowel cleansing enema solution samples. The control group received the traditional three-layer integrated screen method, and the experimental group used nano-Fe3O4 folic acid magnetic beads to enrich the fecal exfoliated cells. The morphology of the extracted cells was observed by light microscopy through hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the positive rate of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and the detection rate of colorectal cancer was compared between the two groups. Results: The FOBT-positive rates of natural feces and intestinal cleansing liquid in the control group were 74.00% and 90.00%, respectively, and the FOBT-positive rates of natural feces and intestinal cleansing liquid in the experimental group were 76.00% and 92.00%, respectively. The positive FOBT rate was high, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.037 and P = 0.029). The sensitivities of natural fecal exfoliation cytology in the control and experimental groups were 82.00% and 92.00%, respectively. The sensitivity of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.137). The sensitivities of the exfoliated cytology examination of the intestinal cleansing liquid in the control and experimental groups were 88.00% and 98.00%, respectively. The sensitivity of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.050). Cell smear results show that the exfoliated cells collected by the three-layer integrated sieve method are unevenly distributed, with overlapping cells and a large number of impurities blurring the background, seriously affecting the observation of cell morphology. The cell structure is blurred, stained unevenly, and arranged in a disorderly manner. The exfoliated cells collected by the nanofolic acid magnetic bead enrichment method are relatively evenly distributed, with no overlapping of cells in patches. The background is clear, and the morphology of each cell can be clearly observed. The cell structure is relatively clear, stained evenly, and distributed evenly. Conclusion: In the cytological examination of fecal exfoliation of colorectal cancer, the nano-Fe3O4 folic acid magnetic bead enrichment method can enrich more target cells compared with the traditional three-layer integrated screen method, improve the detection rate of colorectal cancer, and ensure the exfoliation The cell smears are of higher quality, providing a better sample for clinical assessment of the exfoliated cells. Nano-Fe3O4 folic acid magnetic beads enrichment method can become a simple, efficient, and relatively safe screening method for colorectal cancer, positively affecting early screening developments and diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

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Spinelli, Irene, Simona Moffa, Francesca Fianchi, Teresa Mezza, Francesca Cinti, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Clelia Marmo et al. "Lynch Syndrome and Thyroid Nodules: A Single Center Experience". Genes 15, n. 7 (30 giugno 2024): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15070859.

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Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is a genetic disease with increased risk of colorectal cancer and other malignancies. There are few reported cases of thyroid cancer in LS patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of thyroid nodules in LS patients and to explore their association with the genetic features of the disease. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive analysis was conducted to include all LS patients followed at the CEMAD (Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente) of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS. The characteristics of LS disease, gene mutations, and previous history of thyroid disease were evaluated. Majority of patients underwent thyroid ultrasound (US), and nodule cytology was performed when needed. Results: Of a total of 139 patients with LS, 110 patients were included in the study. A total of 103 patients (74%) underwent thyroid ultrasound examinations, and 7 patients (5%) had a previous history of thyroid disease (cancer or multinodular goiter). The mean age was 51.9 years. Thyroid nodules were found in 62 patients (60%) who underwent US, and 9 of them (14%) had suspicious features of malignancy, inducing a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. A cytologic analysis classified 7 of 9 cases (78%) as TIR2 and 2 (22%) as TIR3a. Between patients with nodular thyroid disease (single nodule, multinodular goiter, and cancer), most of them (25 patients, 36% of total) were carriers of the MSH6 mutation, while 22 (32%), 17 (24%), and 5 (7%) had MSH2, MLH1, and PMS2 mutations, respectively. Conclusions: A high prevalence of thyroid nodules was found in patients with LS, especially in MSH6-carrying patients. Performing at least one thyroid ultrasound examination is suggested for the detection of nodular thyroid disease in LS patients. Systematic investigations are needed to estimate their prevalence, features, and risk of malignant transformation.

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Marmarelis, Melina, Lawrence N. Shulman, Joseph O. Jacobson e Andrew David Norden. "Molecular testing for colorectal and lung cancer at an academic cancer center satellite site: Opportunities for improvement." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, n. 7_suppl (1 marzo 2016): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.7_suppl.229.

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229 Background: Given their prevalence, colorectal and lung cancer are treated in both academic and community settings. Appropriate use of targeted therapies in these diseases is challenging given the need for biomarker testing prior to use. Rapidly changing practice standards, limited resources, and barriers to tissue processing make this particularly challenging in the community. We examined the use of biomarker testing and targeted therapies in colorectal and lung cancer at one of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute satellite sites. Methods: Patients who had their first visit for colorectal cancer between 2011 and 2014 or for lung cancer in 2014 at one site were identified using ICD-9 codes. Notes and reports were reviewed for pathology, staging, molecular testing, and treatment. Results: In 2014, 46 patients had their first visit for colon cancer. MMR testing was done in 48% (22/46) of these patients. Of the 23 patients under 70 years old (NCCN guideline), 75% (17/23) were tested. From 2011 to 2014 there were 30 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic colorectal cancer. KRAS testing was done in 73% (22/30) of these patients and three were subsequently treated with EGFR targeted therapy (all 3 KRAS/BRAF wild type). In 2014, 90 patients were seen with a new diagnosis of lung cancer. Among the 36 patients with adenocarcinoma, 21 were stage IV at diagnosis and 57% (12/21) were tested for EGFR and ALK. The most common reason cited for not testing was tissue sample size (e.g. cytology from pleural fluid, CT-guided biopsy). Among the 9 patients not tested, 6 were noted to have insufficient material and in 3, testing was not requested. Conclusions: The largest discrepancy between guidelines and clinical practice was seen in EGFR and ALK testing in lung cancer. In colorectal cancer there was high concordance with NCCN guidelines and importantly these results appropriately guided EGFR directed therapy. Possible interventions to increase utilization include educational events, reflex testing on pathology, and an algorithm to pursue additional tissue when biomarker testing could significantly change therapy.

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Moon, Chulso, Maxie Gordon, David Moon e Thomas Reynolds. "Microsatellite Instability Analysis (MSA) for Bladder Cancer: Past History and Future Directions". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 23 (28 novembre 2021): 12864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312864.

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Microsatellite instability (MSI), the spontaneous loss or gain of nucleotides from repetitive DNA tracts, is a diagnostic phenotype for gastrointestinal, endometrial, colorectal, and bladder cancers; yet a landscape of instability events across a wider variety of cancer types is beginning to be discovered. The epigenetic inactivation of the MLH1 gene is often associated with sporadic MSI cancers. Recent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based analyses have comprehensively characterized MSI-positive (MSI+) cancers, and several approaches to the detection of the MSI phenotype of tumors using NGS have been developed. Bladder cancer (here we refer to transitional carcinoma of the bladder) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Cystoscopy, a gold standard for the detection of bladder cancer, is invasive and sometimes carries unwanted complications, while its cost is relatively high. Urine cytology is of limited value due to its low sensitivity, particularly to low-grade tumors. Therefore, over the last two decades, several new “molecular assays” for the diagnosis of urothelial cancer have been developed. Here, we provide an update on the development of a microsatellite instability assay (MSA) and the development of MSA associated with bladder cancers, focusing on findings obtained from urine analysis from bladder cancer patients as compared with individuals without bladder cancer. In our review, based on over 18 publications with approximately 900 sample cohorts, we provide the sensitivity (87% to 90%) and specificity (94% to 98%) of MSA. We also provide a comparative analysis between MSA and other assays, as well as discussing the details of four different FDA-approved assays. We conclude that MSA is a potentially powerful test for bladder cancer detection and may improve the quality of life of bladder cancer patients.

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Halpern, Marisa, Rivka Gal, Lea Rath-Wolfson, Rumelia Koren, Ruben Weil e Arieh Avni. "Brush Cytology and Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer". Acta Cytologica 41, n. 3 (1997): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000332675.

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Stadler, Z. K., R. Stern, V. Devlin, E. Glogowski, N. Kauff, K. Offit e K. Hurley. "Adherence to extracolonic cancer screening in Lynch syndrome kindreds". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, n. 15_suppl (20 maggio 2009): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.1513.

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1513 Introduction: In addition to colorectal cancer (CRC), Lynch syndrome (LS) patients are at increased risk of extracolonic malignancies including endometrial (EC), ovarian (OC), upper gastrointestinal and urothelial tract cancers. Although the efficacy of extracolonic cancer screening in LS has not been clearly demonstrated, multi-organ screening is routinely recommended for LS patients (Lindor et al., JAMA 2006). Anecdotal evidence suggests that adherence to such screening may be inferior to CRC screening. Methods: 35 adults, identified in the context of genetic counseling and testing (GCT) as being from LS kindreds, were given recommendations for multi-organ screening and enrolled on a prospective follow-up study. For participants with relevant organs at risk, these included colonoscopy, urine cytology, transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), CA-125 level and endometrial sampling all to be performed at least annually. Adherence with screening, perceived risk of cancer subtype and future intentions regarding screening were evaluated at least 12 months after GCT. Results: Median age at time of GCT was 44, 66% were female and 69% were diagnosed with a LS- related cancer prior to GCT (15 CRC; 9 EC). At time of follow-up, 89% of patients without CRC had a colonoscopy within the year. Among women at-risk for OC, 25% had TVUS and 38% had CA-125 level within the year. Among women at risk for EC, 22% had TVUS and 22% had endometrial sampling within the year. Of all participants, 40% had urine cytology within the year. Of participants with relevant organs at-risk, 72%, 33%, 75% and 12% reported their risk of developing CRC, EC, OC, and urothelial tract cancer, respectively, as “moderately”, “very” or “extremely” high. Of patients with previous colonoscopy, 93% had definitive intentions to continue on schedule screening. However, only 68%, 50%, 60% and 50% of patients who underwent previous urine cytology, TVUS, CA-125 or endometrial sampling, respectively, had definitive intentions of continuing on schedule screening. Conclusions: Adherence with extracolonic cancer screening in LS kindreds is poor and patients persistently underestimate their extracolonic risk despite GCT. Possible interventions should be aimed at better educating patients about extracolonic cancer risk and importance of on-going surveillance. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Bitsianis, Stefanos, Ioannis Mantzoros, Elissavet Anestiadou, Panagiotis Christidis, Christos Chatzakis, Konstantinos Zapsalis, Savvas Symeonidis et al. "Effect of Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy with Regorafenib on IL-6 and TNF-α Levels and Peritoneal Cytology: Experimental Study in Rats with Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis". Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, n. 23 (23 novembre 2023): 7267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237267.

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Cytoreductive surgery (CRS), combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, has significantly improved survival outcomes in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer (CRC). Regorafenib is an oral agent administered in patients with refractory metastatic CRC. Our aim was to investigate the outcomes of intraperitoneal administration of regorafenib for intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPEC) or/and CRS in a rat model of colorectal peritoneal metastases regarding immunology and peritoneal cytology. A total of 24 rats were included. Twenty-eight days after carcinogenesis induction, rats were randomized into following groups: group A: control group; group B: CRS only; group C: IPEC only; and group D: CRS + IPEC. On day 56 after carcinogenesis, euthanasia and laparotomy were performed. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as well as peritoneal cytology were investigated. Groups B and D had statistically significant lower mean levels of IL-6 and TNF-α compared to groups A and C, but there was no significant difference between them. Both B and D groups presented a statistically significant difference regarding the rate of negative peritoneal cytology, when compared to the control group, but not to group C. In conclusion, regorafenib-based IPEC, combined with CRS, may constitute a promising tool against peritoneal carcinomatosis by altering the tumor microenvironment.

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Majidova, N. B., C. F. Gurbanova e F. A. Gurbanova. "Importance of Cytological Screening in the Diagnosis of Cervical Diseases". Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, n. 3 (2 luglio 2022): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.03.159.

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The purpose of the study was to compare the conventional Pap smear with liquid-based cytology in the early diagnosis of cervical diseases. Materials and methods. The study included 150 women between the ages of 18 and 73 with cervical diseases. The comparison was held on the basis of the results of histology of liquid-based and conventional Pap smears taken from cervix. Bethesda classification was used to make the diagnosis. Diagnostic performance was calculated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Results and discussion. During the sensitivity, specificity and prognostic assessment of liquid-based cytology with conventional Pap smears, the sensitivity of liquid-based cytology was higher than the conventional Pap test – 93.1%, and the conventional Pap test was 81.3%. The specificity of liquid-based cytology can be compared with a conventional Pap test (76.2% and 70.6%, respectively). The positive prognostic value was 84.4% in liquid-based cytology and 88.6% in the conventional Pap test. Negative prognostic value was significantly higher in liquid-based cytology than in conventional Pap tests (88.9% and 57.1%, respectively). The total diagnostic value was 86.0% in liquid-based cytology and 78.5% in the conventional Pap test. As a result of the study it has become clear that liquid-based cytology is an appropriate method for the diagnosis of cervical diseases. There are screening programs for cervical, breast, colorectal and prostate cancer in the country, but due to some psycho-social factors, restrictions and barriers, patients only seek medical attention when there is an urgent need. As a result, more than half of all cancers are diagnosed at a late stage. Thus, the study concluded that liquid-based cytology is more convenient than conventional smear screening for cervical cancer screening. As single-layer smears are easier to examine, cells with atypia are not covered by other cells (inflammation, blood, etc.). In addition, the amount of unsatisfactory smears is minimal. In general, many studies have been conducted comparing liquid-based cytology with conventional Pap smears. The results were different in both the initial studies and the meta-analysis. Conclusion. Thus, both screening methods predict the likelihood of disease in the same way, but with liquid-based cytology, the number of false-negative results is less, and the sample quality is improved by reducing the number of unsatisfactory smears. Also, women with liquid-based cytology are more likely to get a positive result than those with cervical disease. Liquid-based cytology is superior and more sensitive than conventional Pap tests in the detection of cervical neoplasms

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Sugarbaker, Paul H., Tom Deng e David Chang. "Peritoneal cytology as an indicator of peritoneal metastases in colorectal cancer". Journal of Surgical Oncology 124, n. 3 (7 maggio 2021): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.26520.

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Nasu, Jiro, Kenjiro Kotake, Yasuo Koyama, Hideaki Shimizu, Shoichi Hishinuma, Takao Inada, Junichi Matsui, Iwao Ozawa, Jiro Ando e Yoshiro Ogata. "Evaluation of Peritoneal Lavage Cytology in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer." Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery 28, n. 10 (1995): 1991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5833/jjgs.28.1991.

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Salamanca, Isabel María Gallarín, M. T. Espín Jaime, J. M. Moran Penco e J. Salas Martínez. "Role of Peritoneal Cytology in Patients with Early Stage Colorectal Cancer". Pathology & Oncology Research 26, n. 2 (10 agosto 2019): 1325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12253-019-00706-0.

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Kobayashi, Hirotoshi, Kenjiro Kotake e Kenichi Sugihara. "Prognostic significance of peritoneal lavage cytology in patients with colorectal cancer". International Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, n. 3 (28 febbraio 2012): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10147-012-0394-8.

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Kanellos, I., H. Demetriades, E. Zintzaras, A. Mandrali, I. Mantzoros e D. Betsis. "Incidence and Prognostic Value of Positive Peritoneal Cytology in Colorectal Cancer". Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 46, n. 4 (aprile 2003): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10350-004-6595-0.

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37

Sant, Milena, Gemma Gatta, Fulvia Valente, Alessandro Barchielli, Valerio Ramazzotti, Lidia Serventi e Stefano Rosso. "The Itacare Study". Tumori Journal 83, n. 1 (gennaio 1997): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169708300106.

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ITACARE is a collaborative study on the survival of Italian cancer patients diagnosed in the period 1978–1989. The study involves 11 Italian population-based cancer registries (CRs) (Firenze, Forlì-Ravenna, Genova, Latina, Modena, Parma, Ragusa, Torino, Varese, the childhood CR of Piedmont and the colorectal CR of Modena), and its principal aim is to identify and analyze possible differences between the areas covered by the CRs. This article describes the ITACARE database. Ten percent of the Italian population is covered by the participating CRs, most of which are located in the northern part of the country. All malignant cancer sites (classified by ICD-9) except skin cancers were included. For bladder cancers, papillomas and transitional cell tumours grade 1 and 2 were also included. Survival data on over 100,000 cases were collected. The principal information variables were sex, date of birth, diagnosis and end of follow-up, life status, ICD-9 code for tumour site, diagnosis modality (clinical, cytologic confirmation, histologic confirmation), ICD-0 morphology code, and tumour stage (grouped into broad categories). Follow-up is active in all registries. All cases were checked systematically for errors and inconsistencies, following which about 0.2% of cases were excluded from the analyses. The percentage of cases microscopically verified, which is an indicator of diagnostic accuracy and data reliability, was higher among patients under 65 years of age (90%), breast cancer patients (92%) and cases covered by the Varese, Torino and Forlì-Ravenna CRs (more than 82%). The percentage of cases known by death certificate only (an indicator of the completeness and quality of registration) was about 3% of total cases and was higher among older patients (4%). Province-specific mortality, used to compute relative survival from cancer (i.e., survival adjusted for competing causes of death), varied according to period of diagnosis, sex and area: the highest mortality was among women of the Ragusa CR (Sicily) and men in northern CRs. Overall mortality decreased during the period, more markedly in the north and among women.

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Lee, Chul Seung, e In Kyu Lee. "Use of ascites CEA as a predictive value for distant metastasis in high-risk stage II and III colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, n. 4_suppl (1 febbraio 2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.164.

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164 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-risk stage II and III colorectal cancer prevents recurrence by eliminating minimal residual disease. However, patients who are at high risk of recurrence after completing standard adjuvant therapy are currently unknown. Although ascites CEA level has been associated with long-term oncologic outcomes, the clinical significance of ascites CEA in high-risk stage II and stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been described. The present study aimed to determine the long-term oncologic impacts of ascites CEA level after curative colorectal cancer. Methods: A total of 191 patients with stage II/III CRC were included in this study, between January 2015 and December 2018. CEA of peritoneal fluid sampled at the beginning of each operation was analyzed. long-term oncologic outcomes were analyzed with the known risk factors for recurrence in CRC. Results: Multivariate analysis of recurrence revealed that lymphatic invasion (HR 6.0, 95% CI 1.1–32.0, p = 0.04), vascular invasion (HR 2.9, 95%CI 1.0–8.0, p = 0.04), mucinous cancer (HR 5.5, 95% CI 1.6–18.4, p = 0.006), and peritoneal fluid CEA above 5 ng/dl (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.2–15.0, p = 0.008) were significant risk factors (Table). Peritoneal fluid cytology, microsatellite instability, cancer obstruction did not significantly impact DFS in stage II/III CRC. There were 14 patients with liver metastasis, among them, 11 patients without peritoneal metastasis; they had high ascites CEA level. While 8 patients had lung metastasis, 7 of them confirmed high ascites CEA levels. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the ascites CEA may predict as an important biomarker to identify those at risk of distant metastasis in high-risk stage II and stage III CRC patients. We suggest ascites CEA analysis might be included in patient risk assessments and oncologic prediction tools.

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Myrhøj, T., M. B. Andersen e I. Bernstein. "Screening for urinary tract cancer with urine cytology in Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer". Familial Cancer 7, n. 4 (4 aprile 2008): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10689-008-9193-9.

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Sato, Kentaro, Ken Imaizumi, Hiroyuki Kasajima, Michihiro Kurushima, Minoru Umehara, Yosuke Tsuruga, Daisuke Yamana, Keisuke Obuchi, Aya Sato e Kazuaki Nakanishi. "Comparison of prognostic impact between positive intraoperative peritoneal and lavage cytologies in colorectal cancer". International Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, n. 7 (12 aprile 2021): 1272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10147-021-01918-8.

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Chen, Y. L. "The diagnosis of colorectal cancer with cytologic brushings under direct vision at fiberoptic colonoscopy". Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 30, n. 5 (maggio 1987): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02555451.

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Nishikawa, Takeshi, Toshiaki Watanabe, Eiji Sunami, Nelson H. Tsuno, Joji Kitayama e Hirokazu Nagawa. "Prognostic Value of Peritoneal Cytology and the Combination of Peritoneal Cytology and Peritoneal Dissemination in Colorectal Cancer". Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 52, n. 12 (dicembre 2009): 2016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/dcr.0b013e3181b4c46e.

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Knudsen, Amy B., Amy Trentham-Dietz, Jane J. Kim, Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, Rafael Meza, Ann G. Zauber, Philip E. Castle e Eric J. Feuer. "Estimated US Cancer Deaths Prevented With Increased Use of Lung, Colorectal, Breast, and Cervical Cancer Screening". JAMA Network Open 6, n. 11 (22 novembre 2023): e2344698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44698.

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Abstract (sommario):

ImportanceIncreased use of recommended screening could help achieve the Cancer Moonshot goal of reducing US cancer deaths.ObjectiveTo estimate the number of cancer deaths that could be prevented with a 10–percentage point increase in the use of US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)-recommended screening.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis decision analytical model study is an extension of previous studies conducted for the USPSTF from 2018 to 2023. This study simulated contemporary cohorts of US adults eligible for lung, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening.ExposuresAnnual low-dose computed lung tomography among eligible adults aged 50 to 80 years; colonoscopy every 10 years among adults aged 45 to 75 years; biennial mammography among female adults aged 40 to 74 years; and triennial cervical cytology screening among female adults aged 21 to 29 years, followed by human papillomavirus testing every 5 years from ages 30 to 65 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEstimated number of cancer deaths prevented with a 10–percentage point increase in screening use, assuming screening commences at the USPSTF-recommended starting age and continues throughout the lifetime. Outcomes were presented 2 ways: (1) per 100 000 and (2) among US adults in 2021; and they were expressed among the target population at the age of screening initiation. For lung cancer, estimates were among those who will also meet the smoking eligibility criteria during their lifetime. Harms from increased uptake were also reported.ResultsA 10–percentage point increase in screening use at the age that USPSTF recommended screening commences was estimated to prevent 226 lung cancer deaths (range across models within the cancer site, 133-332 deaths), 283 (range, 263-313) colorectal cancer deaths, 82 (range, 61-106) breast cancer deaths, and 81 (1 model; no range available) cervical cancer deaths over the lifetimes of 100 000 persons eligible for screening. These rates corresponded with an estimated 1010 (range, 590-1480) lung cancer deaths prevented, 11 070 (range, 10 280-12 250) colorectal cancer deaths prevented, 1790 (range, 1330-2310) breast cancer deaths prevented, and 1710 (no range available) cervical cancer deaths prevented over the lifetimes of eligible US residents at the recommended age to initiate screening in 2021. Increased uptake was also estimated to generate harms, including 100 000 (range, 45 000-159 000) false-positive lung scans, 6000 (range, 6000-7000) colonoscopy complications, 300 000 (range, 295 000-302 000) false-positive mammograms, and 348 000 (no range available) colposcopies over the lifetime.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this decision analytical model study, a 10–percentage point increase in uptake of USPSTF-recommended lung, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening at the recommended starting age was estimated to yield important reductions in cancer deaths. Achieving these reductions is predicated on ensuring equitable access to screening.

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Sakata, Kazuya, Masaki Okuyama e Ken Konishi. "Clinical Value of Peritoneal Cytology of Ascites in Patients with Curative Colorectal Cancer". Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi 67, n. 7 (2014): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3862/jcoloproctology.67.437.

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Mikhail, Hany M. S., Abdrabou N. Mashhour, Sameh G. AbdElghany, Ahmed F. A. Farag e Amal A. M. Hareedy. "Correlation between peritoneal lavage cytology and tumour stage in patients with colorectal cancer". Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 16, n. 1 (marzo 2015): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajg.2015.02.002.

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Coget, Julien, France Blanchard, Aude Lamy, Emmanuel Toure, Frédéric Di Fiore, Isabelle iwanicki-Caron, Pierre Michel, Francis Michot e Jean-Christophe Sabourin. "Cytologic and molecular characterizations of CTC detected in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinomas." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, n. 4_suppl (1 febbraio 2012): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.485.

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485 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) appear to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). ScreenCell technology, which is based on the separation of CTCs from other circulating cells by blood filtration, could allow clinical use of this new biomarker. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the feasibility of CTC filtration in a clinical situation and to compare CTC cytological/molecular characterizations. Methods: Sampling of venous blood was performed in 39 patients with mCRC before starting chemotherapy regimen. For cytology, blood were filtered using ScreenCell Cyto devices. After staining with hematoxylin, each filter was analyzed by a cytopathologist. Cells visualized on the filter were considered as tumoral if they met the following morphological criteria: nuclear diameter >7micron, anisocytosis, membrane irregularities, presence of large nucleolus. For molecular biology, blood were filtered using ScreenCell MB columns: DNA was then extracted for KRAS genotyping. Prior to the clinical study, HCT116 cells were used in order to establish biological procedures. Results: 3 samples were not analysed due to blood coagulation. The presence of CTC was identified in 23/36 patients with mCRC (64%). KRAS mutation was present in 40% of tumor patients. In those patients, no mutation was observed on CTC specimens even when using whole gene amplification and PNA selective PCR, whereas KRAS mutation was detected in 10 HCT116 cells diluted in 3ml of normal blood using this same procedure. Conclusions: ScreenCell Technology allows cytological studies which appear to be fast and efficient for the detection of CTC in mCRC patients. Detection of CTC molecular abnormalities is a major challenge: implementation of molecular tests such as KRAS genotyping, allowing tumor characterization directly from minimally invasive blood sampling, could have tremendous clinical applications. Our first in vitro results highlight the fact that detection of somatic molecular alterations is feasible, from just a few tumoral cells diluted in blood, which encourages further developments using other molecular approaches.

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Fadama, Conde, Hakim Oukouhou, Jendouzi Lamghari Aziz, Jendouzi Omar, Boukhlifi Boukhlifi, Mrabti Mohamed, Tetou Mohamed Pr Louardi Nabil, In Bahri El Edhil, Alami Mohamed e Ameur Ahmed. "Anatomipatology: PT1 Nomo High Grade Clinical Case". Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 11, n. 06 (26 giugno 2023): 1315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2023.v11i06.070.

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Summary: The first publication dates back to the years 1841 by RAYES then the first histological description in 1875 by WINSIG t BLIX…… Tumors of the upper excretory tract are rare but not exceptional tumors and represent 5 to 10% of UC. Their incidence is estimated at 2/100,000 hts. The natural history differs slightly from that of VT, we note 60% of VTEUS which are infiltrating against 15% of VT. The contributing factors are: occupational exposure to certain industrial dyes, aromatic amines, aristolochic acid (inducing nephropathy with Chinese herbs or Balkan wheat flour=Balkan nephropathy), lynch syndrome or HNCC (hereditary non polyposis colonic cancer). The factors indicating a possible tumor falling within a lynch syndrome are age less than 60 years, a family history of cancer or a personal history of other cancers linked to an HNCC (colorectal, endometrium). The diagnosis is based on uroscanner or uro-MRI, in situ urinary cytology, URRS plus biopsy. They can be of pyelo-calicielles or ureteral location, the prognostic factor are the stage, the tumor grade, but also the location which can thus influence the treatment. NUT remains the reference treatment with a collar on a case-by-case basis without forgetting conservative treatment: end urology and segmental resection in certain lesions classified as low risk. Thanks to more recent endourology and imaging studies, clinical and new treatment options, lead to an extension of therapeutic tools. We report a clinical case at the Mohammed V Raba military instruction hospital.

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Barwick, Kenneth, Yeouda Edoute, Ehud Malberger, Jesse Lachter e Osnat Toledano. "Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Abdominal Wall Scar Lesions for Diagnosing Recurrent Colorectal Cancer". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 13, n. 4 (agosto 1991): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004836-199108000-00021.

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49

Jeevanandam, Valluvan, Michael R. Treat e Kenneth A. Forde. "A comparison of direct brush cytology and biopsy in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 33, n. 5 (ottobre 1987): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(87)71641-1.

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50

Brown, K. M., J. Flaherty, V. Ciocca, H. Ehya, W. Scott e M. Goldberg. "Touch prep (TP) cytology as a tool for determining pulmonary parenchymal resection margin status". Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, n. 18_suppl (20 giugno 2007): 18095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18095.

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18095 Background: Accurate determination of parenchymal resection margins is critical in excision of primary and metastatic lung cancers. Complete microscopic examination of the entire margin is difficult and may not give timely results. Staple-line excision may compromise the accuracy of histologic margin exam (HME). TP offers a novel method to obtain pulmonary parenchymal margin status intraoperatively. Methods: Patients undergoing wedge resection for a known malignant lung lesion were studied prospectively. At the time of resection, the specimen stapled margin underwent TP on 3 glass slides for cytological analysis. The presence or absence of malignant cells on TP was correlated to final HME. Local recurrence and overall survival by TP and HME status were compared using logrank test. Results: Thirty specimens from 29 patients were studied between December 2002 and April 2006. Fifteen specimens (50%) were right- sided; 9/29 patients (31%) were male. Median age was 66 years (range 28 - 81). Histologies included non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 22 (73%), and metastases from colorectal cancer (4/30, 13%), sarcoma (2/20, 7%), and breast (1/30, 3%). All TP negative specimens had negative HME. TP was positive in 10 of 30 (33%) specimens, 6 of which had negative HME. These included 4 NSCLC and metastases from sarcoma (1) and colon (1). Mean margin distance was 4 ± 1.7 mm for TP/HME negative specimens, 0.5 ± 0 mm for TP/HME positive specimens, and 5 ± 1.7 mm for TP positive/HME negative patients. There was no difference in time to local recurrence between patients with positive margins by TP vs HME (18.6 and 18.63 months), or in TP and HME negative patients (30.1 and 30.6 months). Conclusion: TP analysis of lung parenchymal margins is safe and feasible. A negative TP is highly predictive of negative HME. Factors contributing to false-positive TP remain unresolved. Multi-institutional prospective studies are indicated for further characterization of this promising tool. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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