Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Buildings, strucures"

To evaluate the earthquake resistant behavior of the nuclear island buildings of new generation PWR, in this study we formed the three dimensional finite element model of nuclear island structures ,which incluse shield building, the auxiliary building, the containment vessel, and the containment internal structures. Modal analysis was performed to to reveal the structural dynamic characteristics.And with the auumption of hard bedrock support media ,the dynamic response nanalysis of the nuclear structures under earthquake was conducted,respectively with response spectrum method and time history method.It shows that the seimic response of the strucures conform with the design level.Under the input excitations of SSE(safe shutdown earthquake) level, the iner forces and deforamtions can be well controlled in linear elasticity.

Earthquakes that occur in buildings can lead to collision force with the next building if the initial gap between the two buildings is not sufficient for its free vibration responses. Collisions can cause amplification of the internal forces in the structural elements and the collision force on the contact zone is usually not considered in the initial design so that it can lead to damage and collapse of buildings. This study aime to determine the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction in the dilatation of two structures in soft soil with consideration of the collision to the next building. The structure is modeled as a structural system with multi degree of freedom (MDOF). The upper structure is considered linear elastic model and does not have damping as well as the lower structure (foundation). The collision can only occur on the floor level of the two buildings in which the contact zone is modeled as an elastic element. The rheological model for Soil-Structure Interaction are taken as a horizontal spring and a rotational spring. Structural dynamic equations was solved by using the Houbolt integration method. The resolution of numerical program was solved by the Matlab software. The results of study showed that soil-strucutre interaction increases the relative displacement under the condition of initial distance (gap) between the two buildings was reduced.

For particular change of function, factories are sometimes to be retrofitted into specific buildings with insertion of additional floors. Conventionally, there are two methods in retrofit of factories when additional floor is needed. One is the reconstruction of a secondary structure inside the existing building, while the other is the so called direct construction of additional floor. The latter is preferred on particular occasions due to the simplification of procedure. However, strengthening is still required in this case for the loads induced by extra floor may impose an adverse effect on existing strucutre. In this study, the rubber isolation is introduced into retrofit of factories. Based on case study, its effect in isolating earthquake is evaluated, and relative discussion is also made with energy balance concept. The design procedure of retrofit design of factories with additional floors is discussed in this study, which may provide instruction in applying this technology into engineering practice.

Teknologi informasi dibidang konstruksi berkembang dengan pesat. Dengan sistem komputasi, dikembangkan prinsip Building Information Modeling (BIM) yang berfungsi untuk membuat model dan menyimpan seluruh informasi sebuah konstruksi bangunan. Tekla Strucures merupakan salah satu perangkat lunak berbasis BIM yang mampu membuat dan mengelolah data secara akurat dan rinci. Tujuan dari penggunaan program Tekla Struktures dalam mendesain konstruksi bangunan Rumah Sakit Empat Lantai untuk mengetahui skenario proses konstruksi dan mengetahui total anggaran perminggu yang dibutuhkan dalam membangun konstruksi bangunan tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi Tekla Structures dapat memberikan gambar bangunan 3 Dimensi berstruktur portal yang pemodelannya dimulai dari pondasi, kolom, balok, sambungan, tangga, pelat lantai serta dinding dan memperoleh total rencana anggaran biaya sebesar Rp 95,008,447,000.00 yang dianalisis menggunakan Microsoft Excel.

Abstrak: Building information modelling (BIM) merupakan teknologi pada bidang AEC (Architecture, Engineerin and Construction) yang mensimulasikan seluruh informasi di dalam pembangunan ke dalam model 3 Dimensi. Penerapan BIM di Indonesia telah diterapkan oleh sejumlah sektor besar industri konstruksi, Bagaimana pemodelan dan hasil dari schedule Architectur, Structural dan Electrical dari Software OpenBuildings Designer Bab ini mencakup metode pengumpulan data dan menyajikan diagram alir untuk mempersiapkan tugas akhir,Data Sekunder,Teknik Pengumpulan Data, StudiDokumen, Metode penelitian ini menggunakan sistem building information modeling. Langkah-langkah analisis yang diambil untuk melaksanakan uraian di atas sesuai dengan metode yang ditetapkan openbuildings designer menghasilkan 3D dimensi model, beserta schedule dari arsitectural,strucural,dan electrical, Kesimpulan yang saya dapat dari penelitian yang berjudul Implementasi building information modeling pada Gedung Rumah Qur’an Uwais Al Qarni Mendalo Jambi adalah : 1. Openbuildings designer dapat di gunakan untuk memastikan bahwa keputusan desain yang di buat memiliki dampak yang baik di masa depan melalui perubahan dan stabilitas. 2. Openbuildings designer dapat menghasilkan schedule dari pemodelan Architectur, structural dan Electrical.Kata kunci : Building Information Modeling (BIM), OpenBuildings Designer, pemodelan Architectural, pemodelan Struktural, pemodelan Electrical

The majority of men are perpetrators of gender-based violence in the family. Meanwhile, men who are not perpetrators of violence, often choose to be the silent majority, because they consider violence to be in the private sphere. Involving men in the discourse and practice of gender-aware education is expected to change the perspective and attitude of men in seeing women. This is done to decide and reduce the number of violence against women and children. This study focuses on the agency of men in efforts to prevent gender-based violence in the family and to achieve gender justice in the family. Using descriptive qualitative methods with observation and interview models, the resource persons were taken from participants who took part in the father's class program and community facilitators from Rifka Aniisa WCC. This study shows that the process of building agent awareness begins through the reinterpretation of religious texts with religious leaders. This interpretation provides new understanding to the participants in the father class discussion regarding relationships with partners based on monotheism. Practical awareness is achieved by agents through assertive communication with partners. Agents reflect on material learned in class with a partner. The results of these reflections become the basis for producing a just social system in the family and society. Keyword: Gender Equality and Justice, Rifka Annisa, Agen and Strucutre

This study reports the design of new models of energy-saving enclosing structures with air channels. To calculate the thermophysical parameters of external fences, the Maple computer algebra system was used; the value of thermal resistance of structures was determined on the basis of a finite-element method in ANSYS. The result of the structure analysis showed that the value of thermal inertia of the traditional design and the average value of the thermal inertia of the developed structures were equal. However, the vibration amplitude of the designed enclosing structures was up to 20.72 % more efficient than the traditional one. At the same time, it was revealed that the air gaps did not affect the thermal inertia of the strucure, and its parameters depended only on the total thickness of the material. The analysis showed that the vapor permeability of the inner wall of the designed structures was equal to the traditional one. However, the value of resistance to vapor permeation of the fence of the developed structures was 3.21 % more effective. At the same time, the use of a closed air layer with a heat-reflecting screen makes it possible to shift the possible condensation zone towards the outer surface of the fence. An analysis of the check for the non-condensation of condensate in the ventilated air gap showed that condensate did not fall out in the ventilated air gap in all the considered schemes, and the results of the analysis by the air permeability value showed that all fencing schemes met the requirements for air permeability. Solving the problems of energy saving in construction through the development of new energy-efficient designs of enclosing structures help reduce the cost of thermal energy of buildings, which is an urgent task all over the world today

Abstract C3 is an opportunity to realize an e + e - collider for the study of the Higgs boson at √s = 250 GeV, with a well defined upgrade path to 550 GeV while staying on the same short facility footprint [2,3]. C3 is based on a fundamentally new approach to normal conducting linear accelerators that achieves both high gradient and high efficiency at relatively low cost. Given the advanced state of linear collider designs, the key system that requires technical maturation for C3 is the main linac. This paper presents the staged approach towards a facility to demonstrate C3 technology with both Direct (source and main linac) and Parallel (beam delivery, damping ring, ancillary component) R&D. The primary goal of the C3 Demonstration R&D Plan is to reduce technical and cost risk by building and operating the key components of C3 at an adequate scale. This R&D plan starts with the engineering design, and demonstration of one cryomodule and will culminate in the construction of a 3 cryomodule linac with pre-production prototypes. This R&D program would also demonstrate the linac rf fundamentals including achievable gradient and gradient stability over a full electron bunch train and breakdown rates. It will also investigate beam dynamics including energy spread, wakefields, and emittance growth. This work will be critical to confirm the suitability of the C3 beam parameters for the physics reach and detector performance in preparation for a Conceptual Design Report (CDR), as well as for follow-on technology development and industrialization. The C3 Demonstration R&D Plan will open up significant new scientific and technical opportunities based on development of high-gradient and high-efficiency accelerator technology. It will push this technology to operate both at the GeV scale and mature the technology to be reliable and provide high-brightness electron beams. The timeline for progressing with C3 technology development will be governed by practical limitations on both the technical progress and resource availability. It consists of four stages: Stage 0) Ongoing fundamental R&D on structure prototypes, damping and vibrations. Stage 1) Advancing the engineering maturity of the design and developing start-to-end simulations including space-charge and wakefield effects. This stage will include testing of strucutres operating at cryogenic temperatures. Beam tests would be performed with high beam current to test full beam loading. Stage 2) Production and testing of the first cryomodule at cryogenic temperatures. This would provide sufficient experimental data to compile a CDR and it is anticipated for Stage 2 to last 3 years and to culminate with the transport of photo-electrons through the first cryomodule. Stage 3) Updates to the engineering design of the cryomodules, production of the second and third cryomodule and their installation. Lower charge and lower emittance beams will be used to investigate emittance growth. The successful full demonstration of the 3 cryomodules to deliver up to a 3 GeV beam and achieve the C3five gradient will allow a comprehensive and robust evaluation of the technical design of C3 as well as mitigate technical, schedule, and cost risks required to proceed with a Technical Design Report (TDR).

One of the common applications of textile protective structures is making barriers against penetration of sharp objects. Multilayer fabrics can absorb energy and are a proper candidate to be used in body armors. In this study, a three-layer textile structure which is reinforced by metal threads has been designed and produced. Metal reinforced layer was woven through a particular weaving system. Force and energy of penetration in each layer and also the three-layer textile structure was measured. The test results revealed that the layer resistance against penetration of sharp objects varied depending on the strucure of each layer. The metal reinforced layer had the highest penetration force and energy. In the three-layer textile structure, the resistance behavior of each layer was observed separately and stepwise. Thus, the force peaks in the three-layer textile structure were related to the peak forces in each layer, and the maximum penetration force of three-layer structure was similar to penetration force of metal-reinforced layer. When putting three layers on each other, the penetration energy has increased, and the designed multi-layer textile structure has performed efficiently in absorbing the penetration energy of sharp objects. Due to the stepwise resistance of three-layered textile structure, its obtained penetration energy, was divided into two energy values of external layer and both middle and inner layers. Thus, accumulation of penetration energy of single external, middle and inner layers was in good agreement with penetration energy of three-layer textile structure.

Porous structure has wide application in industry, thanks to some of its special properties such as low density, low thermal conductivity, high surface area and efficient stress transmission. Both templating and foaming agent methods are used to fabricate porous structures. However, these methods can only produce simple geometries. In recent years, many research studies have been done to use additive manufacturing (AM), e.g. stereolithography (SLA), in the fabrication of porous structure, but the porosity that can be achieved is relatively small due to their limited accuracy in building micro-scale features on a large area. This paper presents a projection based SLA process to fabricate porous polymer structures using sugar as the foaming agent. With a solid loading of 50wt% of the sugar in the resin, the method can achieve a porosity over 50%. This method can be used to increase the porosity achieved by current SLA methods by over 100%.