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1
Razak, Abdul. "Brunei Bay northwest Borneo : depositional system". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=206630.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Brunei Bay in Northwest Borneo is a semi circular marine embayment formed during the last marine transgression. It represent a complex tropical depositional system in a micro-mesotidal setting in which the following elements can be recognised - an elongate bird's foot delta with abandoned lobes, drowned river valleys, cuspate delta and classic tidal estuary - all within 50 krn of each other. Understanding the control on the morphology of the sand bodies produced within the overall depositional system is of great importance because it is believed that many of the subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs in Northwest Borneo were deposited in a depositional setting similar to that of modern-day Brunei Bay. This study therefore has major implications for defining the architecture and connectivity of subsurface reservoirs. A detailed bathymetry survey of western Brunei Bay has been undertaken which acted as guide for subsequent hydrodynamic measurements and coring programme. The results of this study indicate that the localised depositional setting plays a key role in understanding sandbody geometry because the orientation of sandbodies and facies distribution varies considerably. Tidal processes playa significant role in shaping the sediment distribution and facies characteristic of the area although locally wave processes can play a significant role. Tidal sandbodies parallel to the direction of drowned rivers, form a large arcuate-shaped complex less constrained by the structural trend. This study suggests that within Brunei Bay, morphology and tidal range is not a good indicator of the dominant process. Mud, exceptionally rich in plant debris derived from the mangrove swamps, accumulates in low energy environments peripheral to the distributary channel, reinterpretation of many coal horizons in the Miocene of the region which have largely been ascribed to a raised setting. This study indicates that the present day Brunei Bay is an excellent analog for the tidally influenced succession of Northwest Borneo. Conversely, it also indicates that the Baram Delta located approximately 100 krn west of Brunei Bay is not a suitable analog for the interpreted wave influenced Miocene succession of Northwest Borneo.
2
Haji, Wahsalfelah Siti Norkhalbi. "Traditional woven textiles : tradition and identity construction in the 'new state' of Brunei Darussalam". University of Western Australia. Anthropology and Sociology Discipline Group, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since its independence in 1984, politicians and nationalists in Brunei Darussalam have appealed to traditions in their efforts to create a national identity based on Brunei Darussalam’s national philosophy, `Malay Islamic Monarchy’. Weaving is one of the traditions related to Brunei traditional culture, thus traditional textile is used to construct national identity. This study focuses on the role played by powerful institutions in the creation of new tradition in order to foster national awareness in the `new state’ of Brunei Darussalam and I examine how traditional textiles are incorporated into the project of nation building. In Bruneian society, traditional woven cloths have multiple roles whose meanings vary according to the situation in which the traditional cloth is utilized. This research explores the significance of traditional textiles in Brunei Darussalam, focusing on the consumption of locally woven textiles in its traditions and the relationships to the expression and construction of identity. Since Islam came to Brunei Darussalam, it has become one of the predominant markers of identity of the Malays. This study analyse the influence of Islam in the production and consumption of traditional textile in Brunei Darussalam. The continuity of the production and consumption of traditional woven textile in Brunei Darussalam is very much dependent on its significant in the traditions of Brunei society as a whole. In order to prove this, this study focuses its investigation upon the production and uses of traditional textiles in the social customs of Malay society in Brunei Darussalam. Traditional woven textiles are employed to construct social identity in the reproduction of distinction. Traditional textiles are also offered to signify privilege and power. I examine how traditional textile is being used to distinguish social status and political prominence, denote offices, and display wealth and prestige.
3
Mohammad, Harunthmarin Nur Qistin. "Culture, Tradition and the Series of Bruneian Folklore". Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365267.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This project is the first scholarly study on The Series of Bruneian Folklore and its significance as a legacy for the culture of Brunei. It is also the first English translation of selected tales in the Series. The broad trajectory of this thesis examines the survival of Brunei’s powerful oral narrative heritage which existed for 500 years as a vital part of traditional Bruneian society, and which still survives in the form of published children’s literature. Amidst modern culture, however, it is considered an outdated object of the past; this explains its deteriorating presence as a formative cultural force in the Brunei of today.
This dissertation transforms this perception of the Series and recognizes it as the embodiment of an important cultural and historical heritage. The main theoretical foundation is Homi Bhabha’s, The Location of Culture (1994) and the main literary framework is the Gothic mode: together they both serve as an overarching framework for analysis in each chapter. International literary perspectives are employed to achieve a cross-cultural examination of the Series, addressing this published expression of Brunei’s complex narrative heritage within the context of recent literary discourse. As a product of hybrid cultural influences and historical practices, published in a contemporary time frame, the Series has been approached with reference to Western literary concepts and modes of critique, including Postcolonialism, Feminism and the Gothic, addressing its importance as the reflection of a unique narrative heritage.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Languages and Social science
Arts, Education and Law
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Pengiran, Haji Osman/Othman Pengiran Karim. "The evidence of oriental ceramic and earthenware distributions in Brunei Darussalam as an aid in understanding protohistoric Brunei". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242692.
Testo completo
5
Salleh, Norzamni. "Sharing spatial data in Brunei government departments". Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26890/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Spatial data are items of information related to a location on earth. The early forms of spatial data included maps, survey plans, coastal charts and geodetic triangulation. With the advancement of technology, this spatial data have increased its importance. Decision makers from many disciplines tend to rely on up-to-date relevant, wider and accessible spatial data as an essential input in supporting their operational and strategic decisions. The demand to access multi-organisations spatial data continue to increase and this has pushed organisation to share their spatial data as rarely all these data sets reside within one organisation. However, there are persistent challenges that limit the utilization of available spatial data across organizations. The existence of these challenges is a global phenomenon and Brunei, a small country in south East Asia is no exception. The main purpose of this research is to identify factors that impede spatial data sharing within government departments in Brunei and use the findings to develop a framework for sharing spatial data within the government departments. The proposed framework took the innovative approach of combining both technical and non- technical factors, which have not been currently addressed. This research adopted multiple holistic case studies in 3 selected government departments in Brunei. A comprehensive literature review of relevant topics helped in designing a preliminary guideline for research in spatial data sharing. This guideline is used as a basis for data collection and at the same time refined by the case studies. Both content analysis and cognitive mapping techniques were applied to help in customizing the framework for sharing spatial data in Brunei, the ultimate product of this research. The framework comprises of two different components, which include the contextual component and the collaborative process component. Under the collaborative process component, there were 5 key elements that are crucial in spatial data sharing. This includes leadership, formal agreement, IT structure, monitoring and review and security. The framework was not empirically validated due to the immaturity of spatial data sharing in Brunei, unable the framework to be validated empirically. At such, opinions from the experts on the appropriateness of the framework were elicited as an initial validation. Efforts were also made by assessing the impact of each key element to the past data sharing projects in Brunei. The research concluded that the proposed framework offers a viable and effective formal mechanism for data sharing and coordination of spatial activities within government departments in Brunei. It is envisaged that with minor amendments to the policy aspects, the framework is expandable for application to private sectors.
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Pg, Haji Hassan Dk Noor Hasharina Binti. "Everyday finances and consumption in Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192863/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
After the financial global crisis in 2008, there has been a growing interest in studying financialisation in economic geography mainly in Anglo-American societies. Most attempts in understanding finance in Geography focus on macro level finance culture i.e. examining financial structures and institutions. With financial iberalisation, financial institutions play a significant role in influencing the financial markets in Anglo-America while government interference has been declining. Social scientists such as Langley (2008) and Lee et al. (2009) identified a dearth of literature in economic geography that focuses on everyday personal finances of consumers and relate consumers’ borrowing culture to their consumption patterns which are shaped by social intermediaries including governments, family and traditions. This thesis fills this gap in contemporary areas in economic geography. The aim of the thesis is to examine the development of personal finances and consumption in Brunei Darussalam. Brunei makes a relevant case study due to its distinctive evolving personal finance and consumption culture where the government plays a significant role through the monitoring and regulating of financial institutions. Regulating Brunei’s financial structure was a pro-active action taken by the government to address problems of Bruneians’ dependency on borrowing to consume rather than as a reaction to the global financial crisis. Moreover, this study shows how individual choices and actions as well as traditional cultural intermediaries (du Gay et al., 1997) particularly the family and traditions shape Bruneians’ financial access and consumption culture. My thesis demonstrates that financialisation and consumption culture are not homogenised across different geographies, thus stresses the importance of acknowledging and need to consider social and cultural practices of consumers and governments in order to understand the financial and consumption culture and development of different societies.By employing mixed methods in particular qualitative research methods, this thesis also presents empirical evidence of the transformation in financial culture and identifies functions and motivators of consumption that affect consumers’ everyday finances in Brunei which are different from other geographies including Anglo- America
7
Haji, Zaine Norafizah. "Establishment of the Brunei Diabetic Foot Registry". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13761.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The overall aim of this thesis was to characterise the clinical features of diabetic and non-diabetic foot ulcers in one of the largest tertiary public hospitals in Australia and establish the first Diabetic Foot Registry in Brunei Darussalam to explore incidence, risk factors and optimal treatment pathways for the local community. For the first study, a total of 195 outpatients with diabetic foot ulcers were extracted from the Westmead Hospital’s Foot Wound Clinic Registry. It was concluded that diabetic foot ulcers are more likely to present on the plantar surface of the foot with a duration of 1 week to 3 months and largely affect older, overweight males with a long standing history of diabetes. Our findings were in accordance with the EURODIALE benchmark study in Europe. In contrast to patients with diabetic foot ulcers, our results for 202 outpatients with non-diabetic foot ulcers largely affect, on average, elderly males and females with normal BMI, on the plantar and dorsal aspect of the foot with a duration of 1 week to 3 months. In comparison with diabetic foot ulcers, socioeconomic status was also not related. The final studies were conducted to validate the Brunei Diabetic Foot Registry. The validation process involved test-retest of all Registry items in 26 patients by four podiatrists in the Podiatry Unit in Brunei, and a prospective 6 month pilot study of 56 patients to assess content validity of 63 items. All continuous data items exhibited “excellent” reliability (ICC1,1>0.94) and 67% revealed “almost perfect” agreement of nominal data items. Pilot data demonstrated that the Registry items comprehensively covered the presence, severity and characteristics of the diabetic foot ulcer cohort. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis have implications for clinical and health policy decisions and emphasise the importance of accurate patient registries in determining incidence, characteristics and treatment pathways of patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
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Kassim, Mona Yati Mohd. "Tourism in Brunei Darussalam : content and context". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34408.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this research was to analyse the content and context of tourism stakeholder management in Negara Brunei Darussalam and to investigate stakeholder views on tourism management, planning and development. The author attempted to identify the web of stakeholders as perceived by the main key groups of players in the tourism industry in the months leading up to the sultanate's first ever 'Visit Brunei Year 2001'. In addition, she attempted to investigate the underlying causes of ineffective tourism management in Negara Brunei Darussalam, which operates under a strict Malay Muslim Monarchy ('Melayu Islam Beraja' or'MIB') system of governance and national philosophy. Many hold the view that developing the tourism industry in Negara Brunei Darussalam is a necessary stepping-stone towards diversification from its dependence on oil and gas. However, very little effort has been made to educate the general community on its benefits and disadvantages. In addition, only a very select group of people are directly involved in its planning and development leading to conflict in the community. Little has been said about real community support of tourism development and on the impact it may have on its stakeholders. The present study has attempted to do this. Problems in tourism management, planning and development are expected to arise because of Negara Brunei Darussalam's inexperience in this field, lack of coordination and planning between government and private sectors; and, perhaps due to conflict between its MIB philosophy and the perceived negative nature of the tourism industry. Research was conducted in several stages from November 1999 to February 2001. Data collection from the fieldwork was elicited through questionnaires administered by four trained interviewers in all four districts in Negara Brunei Darussalam and through in-depth interviews with selected tourism stakeholders by the author. The author observed that key players of tourism were relatively unaware of the concept of community participation in tourism development and planning, as well as the identity of a wider range of tourism stakeholders. The community at large does support tourism development and planning and expectations for accrual of tourism revenue and benefits are high. Many in the private sector have voiced the view that the government should do more to give this industry a boost. Similarly, the governmental body believes that a pro-active private sector is needed for sustainability of this industry. An alternative model to western stakeholder management is proposed that is applicable to this small Muslim sultanate.
9
Nannestad, Charles Leif. "The Role Of Students: Perceptions In Modifying Science And Mathematics Classroom Activities". Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2077.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to provide teachers with a practical means to obtain timely indications of their students reactions to individual activities. Teachers could then modify their presentations of activities cognisant of those students perceptions. The study set out to establish a suitable instrument, and then to evaluate its use by classroom teachers.Five experienced science and mathematics teachers identified five characteristics of interest when considering students perceptions of classroom activities: Understand Content, Communication, Relevancy, Work Output, and Enjoyment. A fifteen-item instrument based upon these characteristics was developed for this study. The viability of the survey for use by busy classroom teachers was increased by the short and succinct format, as well as the provision of a computer graphing template to process and display responses. The combination of the survey and computer template is called the Students' Perceptions of an Activity Instrument and Display (SPAID).Teachers appreciated the provision of a structure to assist their reviewing the use of activities, and the rapidity with which the information was available. Students' responses provided timely support for teachers' decisions to engage classes in the activities and increased teachers' confidence in the worth of the activities. Alterations to activities were small in scale and idiosyncratic to the student cohorts. Teachers' use of the SPAID package was also noted to enhance cooperation with colleagues within the government secondary schools of Brunei Darussalam.
10
Mohamad, Hanapi. "Promoting creativity in early childhood education in Brunei". University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0130.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
[Truncated abstract] The overall aim of this study was to examine Bruneian preschool teachers’ conceptions about creativity (including factors related to creativity), their beliefs on how to promote children’s creativity in the classroom, how their beliefs may influence their actual practice and whether their practices are consistent with the requirements of the Brunei National Curriculum. It will also try to identify any factors that constrain or influence teachers’ practice. The research employed a grounded theory approach involving semi-structured interviews and classroom observations of preschool teachers. The findings of this study indicate that the teachers primarily conceptualise creativity as something mainly but not exclusively to do with art work . . . Teachers’ actual practice mainly consists of teacher control, enforcement of obedience, rote learning, teacher directed and teacher chosen activities and heavy emphasis on whole-class teaching. Other mediating constraints on their promotion of creativity included: pressure from Primary 1 teachers, parents and the officials in Ministry of Educations to complete and adhere to the National Curriculum; teachers’ own pedagogical limitations; large class size; lack of adult help and the presence of special children in the classroom; lack of resources and pressure from other non-teaching commitments. The implication of the findings are that further research needs to be conducted into Brunei’s preschool teacher training programmes, to identify contradictory messages about the value of creativity and to find a more culturally appropriate way of promoting children’s creativity through the curriculum.
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Haji, Mohd Daud Sabrina. "An examination of the challenges to implementing integrated land-use and transport (LUT) strategies to reduce transport emissions : a case study of Brunei-Muara and its sub-districts and their associated villages". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648324.
Testo completo
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Levy, Ruth. "Community structure of ants in Brunei rain forest". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240586.
Testo completo
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Haji, Md Sum Hisham. "Educational dependency : a case study on Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335887.
Testo completo
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Haji, Awang Radzuan Mohammad Sofian. "Evolving Brunei Darussalam's economy towards technology-based industries". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65634/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Technology-Based Industries continue to be at the forefront of a nation's sustainable economic development. These account for the largest share of employment, business activity and labour income in most primary sectors. Technology-Based Industries contribute to multi-lateral development of a nation's economy through innovation, new technologies and use of new knowledge. The government of Brunei Darussalam sought in the past decade to diversify the economy with limited success. Oil and gas and government spending still account for most of Brunei's economic activity. The small size of the domestic market discourages foreign direct investment in Brunei Darussalam. Brunei's government encourages foreign investment especially when it involves emerging new technologies and technology transfers. The research question is: how to transfer new technologies into Brunei Darussalam industry and to quantify the impact of these Technology-Based Industries; can a resource based-economy offer a solution to tackle the difficulties in industrial advancement that Brunei Darussalam is currently struggling with. This research aims to study factors for the successful transfer of technology-based industries and identify the key issues in technology transfers that significantly affect the rate of technological integration and evaluate the concept of technology transfers and its contribution to the sustainable economic development of a small state economy. It adopts multiple techniques both inductive and deductive approaches through SWOT-analysis and case studies to explore and later analyze the importance of the visionary drive underlying the technology-based industrial strategy that contributes to policy improvement, via awareness of alternatives and discovery of latent policy constraints and opportunities from investigation of others' experience. The bottom line of this research is to provide the basis for government policies on how the technology transfer can be achieved in the Brunei Darussalam industrial context.
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Ebil, Syazana. "Assessment of demersal fishery resources in Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57704/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A problem commonly encountered in stock assessments of tropical marine resources in developing countries is data paucity, which invariably results from the lack of both human and economic capacity within the government to implement and maintain programmes for data collection and analysis. With special reference to the demersal fishery of Brunei Darussalam, this thesis examines approaches for extracting useful information from data-poor fisheries to assess the state of resources and inform fishery management actions. By using official fishery statistics, augmented by local ecological knowledge (LEK) obtained from fishers engaged in either the large-scale (LS) or small-scale (SS) fisheries in Brunei, changes in demersal fishery resources over the years were assessed. The sustainability of Brunei’s demersal capture fishery was evaluated in the face of its ongoing development and climate change. Using trophodynamic indicators such as mean trophic level (MTL), Fishing-in- Balance (FiB), trophic spectra (TS) and community structure analyses, LS fishery catches of Brunei between 2000 and 2009 revealed a deteriorating state of the coastal demersal ecosystem. Closer examination of the abundance of overall demersal finfish stocks, using the Catch-Per-Unit-Effort (CPUE) index – standardised for other factors not related to abundance – indicated a declining trend, even when total catches remained stationary, although trends in abundance of the different demersal fish families varied. This rapid significant change in recent years is further supported by fishers’ LEK on relative abundance of Brunei marine resources. The study on LEK has also revealed the ‘shifting baseline syndrome’ (SBS) among currently active fishers and their exploited populations, a phenomenon not previously reported for Brunei fisheries. Findings from the study are synthesised with other information, where a number of key issues and policy options are discussed, and recommendations for the management of the fishery are made. This thesis demonstrates that researchers in data-poor fisheries can utilise different assessment tools, given the resources at their disposal, to assist in the management of marine resources.
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Sabtu, K. "Evaluation of diabetic retinopathy screening in Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2391561/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recognition of the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Brunei, and the expected increase in diabetic retinopathy (DR), primary health centre based DR screening was introduced in 2006 for seven health centres in the Brunei-Muara district. The Brunei National Prevention of Blindness from Diabetic Retinopathy is a policy document calling for DR screening to be made systematic at a national level. However, the effectiveness of the model in practice was not evaluated and the DR screening programme was launched without a baseline survey and situation assessment. Consequently, the responsiveness of the health system to embed a systematic approach to DR screening has faced many constraints and was slow to evolve. This study has provided evidence to support the implementation of the policy document and baseline information on the gaps and challenges within the key service provision stages for DR screening and treatment. The overall objective of this thesis was to evaluate the DR screening model in the Brunei-Muara District. Results from this study suggest that the DR screening model in Brunei-Muara is partially systematic. The main findings showed that key processes are in place at different stages of DR screening and treatment and that sufficient resources have been allocated to detect sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) at primary health centres (PHCs) and to treat STDR at the national eye centre (NEC). This was supported by the good DR annual screening uptake rates (77%) and low DR prevalence rates (5.8%) reported in this study. However, the lack of monitoring of both the implementation processes and screening effectiveness was viewed as key limitations in the programme. This was evident through process gaps observed throughout the DR screening and treatment pathway including the identification of patients for screening at PHCs, GP to DR referral process, referral for treatment processes to NEC and disease registers that were not integrated and lacked accuracy. This was also backed by evidence that DR screening coverage rates were low (56%) across all health centres. Based on a generic framework to analyse development of DR screening programmes used in this study, the existing screening model could be enhanced by improving screening coverage rates, universal access to DR treatment, trained and certified workforce, implementation of a call and recall system and systematic digital photography screening system. However, further studies are required before these recommendations could be implemented.
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Abdullah, Yuzilawati. "Export oriented refinery : a viable option for Brunei Darussalam?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505605.
Testo completo
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Aziz, Haji Muhammad Majdi Pehin Dato Haji Abdul. "Baseline study on chemical composition of Brunei Darussalam rivers". Thesis, Brunel University, 2005. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4820.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The research provides data of pH and conductivity, some anions (e. g. fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate), monovalent cations (e. g sodium, ammonium and potassium), divalent cations (e. g calcium and magnesium) heavy metals (e. g. iron, copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and manganese) and organic compounds – from water samples of rivers of Brunei Darussalam, namely, Brunei River, Belait River, Tutong River and Temburong River. The higher values of certain parameters with respect to the acceptable standard limits for river water indicate the pollution in river water samples of the study area, make the waters unsuitable for various applications and do pose a human health hazard. The pH levels in Brunei Darussalam is quite reassuring and mostly safe. Although there are some stretches of rivers that show slightly lower levels of pH, there is no cause for any alarm as these waterways are not sources of drinking water. As for anions and cations, the only anion of significant levels detected in Brunei Rivers is chloride whereas only monovalent cation detected in significant levels, is sodium. The concentrations of chloride and sodium ions are below the standard concentrations. Brunei Rivers are still free from chloride and sodium pollution. For heavy metals, only iron is detected in Brunei Rivers. Brunei being a oil based country experiments were done to identify levels of a numbers of significant toxic organic compounds, including, toluene and benzene which have been detected in the waters of the oil mining district of Belait District but are within normal limits. The use of a photolytic cell system to achieve the photodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and the surfactant – hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (C19H42NBr) is reported. The system has been optimised by investigating the effects of the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H202) as an oxidant and the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a catalyst. The results show that the photolytic system can be used to achieve >99% degradation of organic contaminants. The research also includes a final chapter on management system which covers water protection, pollution control and solid waste management in Brunei. In addition to investigating various factors of the solid waste management in Brunei, the researcher has also exposed some of the weaknesses that need immediate addressing. Various measures have been suggested to make Brunei's water more efficient. Moreover, ways of preserving the high quality of Brunei's water figures in this chapter.
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Bakar, Mataim. "The phonotactics of Brunei Malay : an optimality-theoretic account". Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343577.
Testo completo
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Haji-Othman, Noor Azam. "Linguistic diversity in Negara Brunei Darussalam : an ecological perspective". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30897.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite its tiny size and population, Brunei Darussalam is linguistically and ethnically diverse. The dominant race, the Malays, is made up of seven different ethnic groups, namely Belait, Bisaya, Brunei Malays, Dusun, Kedayan, Murut and Tutong, all of whom are considered indigenous to Brunei. With the exception of the Brunei Malays and Kedayans, each of the other groups traditionally speaks their own distinct indigenous languages that are distinct from the Malay language. Drawing on qualitative data obtained through interviews and documentary analysis, this study aims to explore the historical and contemporary interrelationships between these languages within the 'ecology of language' framework, and to find out how the notion of linguistic diversity interplays with national unity in the face of modernization. Although the study reveals a high level of tolerance by the informants toward linguistic diversity, there is evidence to suggest that as the minority ethnic population are abandoning their traditional languages and shifting to Malay, a synchronous convergent evolutionary process of identity shift is occurring too. The implications are that as linguistic diversity is diminishing in Brunei, so too is cultural diversity.
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Hj, Besar Mohd Hairul Azrin. "Exploring the governance of Takaful (Islamic insurance) in Brunei". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7810/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The prohibition of insurance as specified in the conventional business model has led to Takaful being established for the Muslim community to fulfil their accountability/obligations towards Allah. The absent of a contract in Takaful, a replacement of the conventional sale contract in insurance has resulted in the emergence of Muamalah contracts as a basis for contractual structures and this bear the minimum acceptable requirement of Shariah. The attainability of such contractual structures to be used in Takaful had been unstable in the sense that it needs various reviews, and this has occurred precisely because it has been laden with both Shariah compliance and operational issues detaching the contracts from its original Shariah and economic substances. This research explores how the governance of Takaful in Brunei considered and adapted unstable contractual structure for Takaful operation inciting the divergence from the fundamental principles of Shariah. The main objective of the research is to explore the governance of Takaful in Brunei. The research seeks to identify and analyse the factors that influence the adaption of the Takaful contractual structure, examine the logics behind the current governance framework, and investigate the disclosure of information and financial reporting of Takaful. It utilizes the interpretive approach and this is supported by qualitative research methods in the form of interviews, participant observation and document review. The thesis also uncovers the causal factors of the necessity to adapt unstable contractual structure, and this in turn raises the concern of how Takaful is governed. In this work neo institutional theory of institutional isomorphism is used to identify these factors and the manner in which they influence the adaption process. In addition, the logical reference exhilarating the governance framework of Takaful is examined through the lens of institutional logic theory to understand why it has not been possible to alleviate concerns surrounding the adaption of the contractual structure. The analysis also extends to unravel the core logics of governance driving Takaful disclosure and financial reporting. Empirical findings show that the Brunei government has been the main driving factor in terms of adapting the current contractual structure during the initial creation of Takaful in Brunei. Ironically conventional insurance has been used to define the boundaries for structuring the contractual model for Takaful to replace conventional insurance model. Other factors at the macro (e.g. government influence), meso (e.g. the industry) and micro (e.g. between the companies and within each company) levels have also influenced the current contractual structure through the main three forces: coercive (e.g. government enforcement), normative (e.g. Legal Framework) and mimetic (e.g. following other Takaful operators). Decoupling the substance of the contract and actually implementing it is masked by the Shariah governance responsible for approving the individual contracts without evaluating the whole business structure from the Shariah perspective. The business and Shariah logics are the main dominance of Takaful governance frame of reference. Separation between these two logics served as sustainable force for its ability to reflect the compliance status desired by the industry. This creates trust in governance and an environment of adhering to Shariah in good faith. Disclosure and financial reporting decisions are driven by the regulatory, market and Shariah logics, where the regulatory logic dominates the mandatory disclosures. Finally, in evaluating these factors that influence the governance of Takaful in Brunei the thesis offers options of how to improve the contractual structure and addressing concerns thereof.
22
Matumba, Tshifhiwa Given. "Genetics and thermal biology of littorinid snails of the genera Afrolittorina, Echinolittorina and Littoraria (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) from temperate, subtropical and tropical regions". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001953.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the anticipated effects of climate change due to global warming, there is concern over how animals, especially ectotherms, will respond to or tolerate extreme and fluctuating environmental temperature stress. Littorinid snails are intertidal ectotherms that live high on the shore where they experience both extreme and variable conditions of temperature and desiccation stress, and are believed to live close to their tolerance limits. This study investigated the thermal biology of littorinid snails of the genera Afrolittorina, Echinolittorina and Littoraria from temperate, subtropical and tropical regions in South Africa and Brunei Darussalam using thermal tolerance, heart function, and proteome approaches. The effects of conditions, such as rate of change in temperature, acclimation, heat shock, season and starvation were also tested. In addition, the evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity between and within the South African Afrolittorina spp. were investigated using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Genetic results confirmed that these are two distinct species, with the brown to black A. knysnaensis predominant in the cool-temperate region of South Africa and the pale blue-grey A. africana in the subtropical region. There was low genetic variation and differentiation within each species, suggesting high gene flow among populations as a result of the effects of ocean currents on the dispersal of their planktotrophic larvae. Tests using exposure to high temperatures revealed differences in the thermal tolerances, heart performance and protein profiles of species from different latitudes, regions and zones on the shore. Thermal tolerance conformed to expectations, with clear, statistically significant trends from high tolerance in subtropical species to lower tolerance in temperate species. However, for Afrolittorina spp., there were no significant differences in the thermal tolerances of conspecifics from different regions, though there was a significant difference in thermal tolerance between juveniles and adults. Overall, adults of all species showed higher thermal tolerances than juveniles. Although lethal temperatures for these species were higher in summer than winter, laboratory acclimation had no effect on heat coma temperatures. All species showed some regulation of heart rate, with a degree of independence of heart rate from temperature across mid-range temperatures. The tropical species showed quick induction and good regulation of heart rate followed by the subtropical and temperate species, which displayed mixed responses including regulation, partial regulation and lack of regulation. Overall, tropical Echinolittorina spp. showed good regulation, while the subtropical E. natalensis and Littoraria glabrata exhibited a mixture of partial regulation and regulation. The subtropical/temperate Afrolittorina spp. showed high individual variability, some animals exhibiting regulation, while others did not. These effects seem to be largely phylogenetically determined as there were no differences in the heart rate responses of Afrolittorina spp. from different regions. The temperatures at which heart rate became independent of temperature (thermoneutral zone) were within the range experienced under natural conditions. In addition, there were differences in Arrhenius breakpoint and endpoint temperatures, showing a trend from higher in tropical animals to lower for temperate animals. Conditions such as acclimation, heat shock and starvation had little or no effect on heart performance. However, a slow increase in temperature induced good regulation of heart rate with noticeable shifts of breakpoints and endpoints for Afrolittorina spp. Lastly, there were differences in the proteome responses between and within Afrolittorina spp. as a function of species, size and treatment. Although both large and small A. knysnaensis had a greater number of protein spots in their proteome than A. africana (though the difference was not significant), the later showed significantly higher differential expression of certain proteins following heat stress. In addition, juveniles of both species displayed greater numbers of protein spots in their proteome than adults. The results indicate a difference in the physiological and biochemical responses (i.e. adaptations) of these snails to temperature, and this seems to relate to differences in biogeography, phylogeny, species identity and ecology. The ability to regulate heart rate is phylogenetically determined, while thresholds and lethal limits correspond to biogeography and species ecology. The proteome seems to correspond to species ecology. The results also indicate that these littorinids can tolerate high temperature stress and in this respect they are well suited to life in the intertidal zones or habitats where temperature and other stresses or conditions are extreme and can change abruptly. However, the limited ability of these snails to acclimate to different temperatures suggests that they are already living close to their tolerance limits with small safety margins or narrow thermal windows and so may be vulnerable to small rises in substratum temperature and/or solar radiation.
23
Kifle, Hazri Haji. "Public sector innovation: the case of E-Government in Brunei". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491764.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
5203 L $$aInnovation in the pub blic sector is an under-researched area. 'Innovation" and "public sector tend to be viewed as mutually exclusive, while innovation is seen to be essential for the private sector. The emergence of the potential of Information Communication Technology (ICT), which has been strongly taken up in the private sector to transform business processes and employment and create new industries, has triggered policy makers to emulate the same success stories in the public sector, pushed by vendors. Many governments have adopted ICTin the form of electronic (e) government to reform or transform their public sectors mainly to provide better service internally (Government to Government) and externally (Government to Citizens and Business).
24
Cane, Graeme. "A linguistic description of spoken Brunei English in the 1990s". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21242.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis discusses the variety of English that is spoken today in Brunei Darussalam and assesses its status as a 'New English'. Using a corpus of spoken data which was recorded and transcribed by the author, the thesis attempts to produce an empirically based linguistic description of the grammatical, lexical and discourse features found in spoken Brunei English and to discuss the ways in which these features differ from the equivalent features in Standard British English. The final part of the study is concerned with the pedagogical and language planning implications of recognizing the existence of a Bruneian variety of English, and with proposing an appropriate English language teaching model for the Bruneian education system.
25
Haji, Morni Hajah Asmah. "The quality of teaching and learning processes in Brunei preschools". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341190.
Testo completo
26
Haji, Saim Hajah Sainah. "The administrative system of Brunei Darussalam : management, accountability and reform". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322383.
Testo completo
27
Salleh, Ak Mohd Hasnol Alwee. "Exploring an inclusive Islamic financial planning framework in Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8501/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The 1970s has witnessed two novel developments in the realm of personal finance and Islamic finance. Within personal finance, the decade saw a growth in the demand for financial planning, moving from a sector that prior to the 1970s catered exclusively to the wealthy, to one that provides services to the middle-income class. In the field of Islamic finance, the decade is remembered for the establishment of the first Islamic bank and takaful (insurance) company that laid the foundations of an industry that is now reported to be a trillion dollar industry. This study is designed to explore if Islamic financial planning, which falls within the purview of Islamic finance, can be developed further to include those with low incomes and in poverty. The aim of this study is to examine the needs of the poor and non-poor households in order to identify, describe and establish an inclusive Islamic Financial Planning (IFP) framework for both groups in Brunei Darussalam. This suggested framework integrates historical institutions such as zakat and awqaf, with contemporary financial concepts and approaches such as financial exclusion and financial planning. In order to achieve the research aim, primary data was collected using structured interviews/questionnaire-based surveys and semi-structured interviews. The former, quantitative method, involved interviews with 431 Muslim heads of households in the Brunei-Muara district, composed of 216 non-welfare recipients (non-poor or net surplus households) and 215 welfare recipients (poor or net deficit households). The data was analysed using statistical techniques, which include Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic regression. Meanwhile, the qualitative information gathered from semi-structured interviews with 39 net deficit respondents was coded and reported. The findings of the study display a hierarchical form of financial planning, for the poor and non-poor in Brunei. For net deficit households, the hierarchical structure involves moving individuals from the bottom of the hierarchy, that is the money management level, to emergency planning, and finally to the top of the hierarchy, that is investing for goals. For net surplus households, their role relates to the supply-side of the inclusive IFP framework, whereby they provide funds necessary in the form of zakat and awqaf to implement the approaches associated with money management, emergency planning and investing for goals. The study also found instances of financial exclusion in Brunei for net deficit respondents in opening bank accounts and accessing credit facilities. In terms of financial planning practices and financial knowledge, the findings highlight net deficit respondents were more likely to fare poorly than net surplus respondents. Further, in terms of zakat and awqaf, both groups of respondents appear to have low-level understanding of these concepts. Overall, the study provides the conceptual framework for an inclusive IFP approach in Brunei. Thereby, it provides a different paradigm towards combating poverty, through the lens of financial planning, alongside the added components of zakat, awqaf, financial literacy and financial inclusion.
28
Haji, Masri Masairol. "Performance measurement systems in service SME : a Brunei case study". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/performance-measurement-systems-in-service-sme-a-brunei-case-study(b3a9cc7b-13dc-479e-9433-ca12ab982438).html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to investigate the practice of performance measurement systems (PMS) in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME) operating in the service sector in Brunei Darussalam. A further aim was to find the drivers and barriers of PMS adoption for such companies. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied in this research. Documentary data, questionnaires, and interviews were used to collect the data. 357 questionnaires were sent out to service SME and a total of 62 responses were received. 29 managers from four case study companies were interviewed and semi-structured questions were used during the interviews. The results from the questionnaires showed that 26 per cent of the sample practice advanced PMS, 16 per cent still use a traditional PMS and the rest use a balanced system. The results of the interviews showed two additional drivers and one additional barrier to those found in the literature review. Business process and external stakeholders were identified as the additional drivers of PMS adoption and the former was also identified as the additional factor that could block such adoption. The additional findings indicated that organizational strategy, appropriate management style and management experience and qualifications were the core factors that could either drive or block the adoption of PMS. The lack of a clear mission and vision influenced all the other blocking forces. At the same time, the existence of a clear policy, such as a mission and vision statement, influenced the other driving forces. Furthermore, exercising an appropriate management style which takes into account the current organizational culture of the company has a significant positive impact on the acceptance of performance measurement. The employment of a qualified and experienced management team that understands the concept of performance measurement is also valuable in ensuring that the design of the PMS is appropriate and the implementation successful. A practical framework based on the findings was created to overcome the key identified problems associated with PMS adoption. From these findings, the research results offer both useful and actionable implications for practitioners such as managers and external consultants involved in PMS, particularly in Brunei. Consideration was given to the breadth of the interviews and the use of other documentary data, as well as the limitations of the case study method employed in the research. This should ensure the findings will be useful for companies currently implementing PMS or those intending to in the future. Given the context of this research, the findings will predominantly be of use in developing countries.
29
Badar, Siti Rafizah. "Developing and evaluating communication supporting classrooms in Brunei primary schools". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16420/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Research has investigated how changes to the classroom layout, activities and teachers' language can facilitate children's communication development. Very little is known about how children's communication is supported in Brunei primary schools. Furthermore, there is very little research into how best to support teachers to increase the communication supportiveness of their classrooms. Aims: • Examine how children's communication is supported in Brunei primary school classrooms using the Communication Supporting Classroom (CsC) Observation Tool. • Provide an intervention to increase teachers' use of communication supporting strategies. • Investigate the use of the CsC Observation Tool within an intervention to modify teachers' classroom practice in supporting children's communication, and its use as an outcome measure. • Identify facilitators and challenges in creating communication supporting classrooms in Brunei schools through teachers' perspectives. Method: Classroom observations in the profiling phase explored patterns of performance on the CsC Observation Tool (n = 12). Observations in the intervention phase examined changes in teachers' classroom practices for Intervention (n = 5) and Control classrooms (n = 5) over four months. Intervention involved working with Special Educational Needs Assistance (SENA) teachers in conducting observations and supporting the classroom teachers. Focus group sessions (profiling, n = 4 groups and intervention, n = 1 group) explored teachers' perspectives of the facilitating and challenging factors in developing communication supporting classrooms. SENA teachers were also asked about their experience in implementing the intervention. Outcomes and results: The profiling phase indicated children's communication was supported in the participating classrooms, especially in structured language learning environments. The intervention phase demonstrated the effectiveness of the CsC Observation Tool as an outcome measure of changes in teachers' classroom practice, and progress in achieving target items. Children's communication was indicated to be supported more in pre-school classrooms than year one. Focus group data identified six facilitating and eleven challenging factors. Conclusions and implications: This study provides evidence for the use of the CsC Observation Tool as a measure of classroom practice to develop children's communication. The findings support the success of the CsC Observation Tool in increasing teachers' use of evidence-based strategies in focused intervention targets, and in their overall classroom practice. It also highlighted the need for increased school support and understanding of factors impacting on developing communication supporting classrooms in Brunei schools.
30
Lau, Hon Chung. "Fishers of men in the abode of peace missiological reflections on Brunei Darussalam /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
31
Haji, Sukri Rahayu Sukmaria. "Differentiation of Dipterocarp floristic composition and species distributions in Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158320.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis investigates the influence of niche specialisation on floristic composition and species distributions of the family Dipterocarpaceae along topographic gradients at two contrasting lowland Mixed Dipterocarp Forest sites in Brunei Darussalam: Andulau (overlying nutrient-poor sandy soils) and Belalong (overlying nutrient-rich clay soils). Dipterocarp tree density, species richness and diversity were higher at Andulau than Belalong, and were also higher on ridges than in slopes and valleys. Randomisation tests detected significant dipterocarp species associations with site and tomography. Dipterocarp floristic composition was strongly correlated with various habitat variables at Belalong, even after accounting for distance between samples. In contrast, fewer habitat variables were correlated with dipterocarp floristic composition at Andulau, implying weaker habitat effects in this more topographically homogeneous site. In a field-based transplant experiment, Dryobalanops aromatica and Dryobalanops rappa seedlings consistently showed higher growth rates and survival in gaps than in understorey plots. Higher survival and leaf production of D. aromatica seedlings at Andulau than Belalong provide evidence of a habitat preference. Growth and survival of D. rappa seedlings were similar at the two sites, but D. rappa seedlings grew significantly faster in height than D. aromatica seedlings on slopes at both sites. In conclusion, local and landscape scale variations in edaphic and environmental resources influence dipterocarp species distributions and floristic composition, as well as dipterocarp seedling growth and survival. Thus, niche specialisation is an important mechanism in the maintenance of species coexistence at Andulau and Belalong.
32
Haji, Shahminan Hajah Norbayah. "A critical exploration of deaf young people's underachievement in Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7693.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study employs qualitative methods to explore the tensions experienced by deaf young people with hearing parents, hearing parents with little or no experience of deafness prior to the birth of their deaf children and language teachers with a lack of skills and knowledge of deafness in the implementation of an inclusive education system in Brunei Darussalam. The empirical evidence I used to develop and support my thesis involves data I have generated using a variety of data collection tools, and includes analysis of documents, interviews with 12 deaf people age 18-25 years old, 4 hearing parents and 4 teachers together with 8 hours of classroom observations. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify prevalent similarities in the participant’s responses. Underachievement among young deaf people was due to undeveloped language. Undeveloped language for communication is the major theme identified. This study argues that while certain barriers to participation in hearing inclusive classrooms and hearing environments may be being removed, perceptions of the deaf as being unable to communicate remain embedded in dominant disability discourse (Lang, 2001). The study’s conclusions are drawn within the context of proposing a framework for a holistic, integrated, community based educational support structure for Brunei Darussalam that meets the support requirements of deaf young people (DYP), parents and teachers within inclusive schools.
33
Razak, Nor Imtihan Haji Abdul. "Creating readiness for public service improvement : a study in Brunei Darussalem". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12358.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study examines and identifies the perceived favourable conditions needed for employees readiness to support improvements. In the context of Brunei, readiness research in public service organisations is underrepresented if not, non-existent. There is a need for a more comprehensive study that integrates the combined perspective of the interrelated conceptual elements of readiness, its climate and the organisation. Four key findings were identified based on 119 interviews and 665 surveys. Firstly, it was found that as employees self-organise to cope with chaos, an unintended conducive climate that is specific to the Brunei context evolves out of employees readiness to adapt and survive. Secondly, the essential climatic factors that trigger the minimum level of employee readiness are identified. Thirdly, the influential climatic factors that further amplify a higher level of employee readiness are identified. Finally, based on the shared multilevel perspective of employees, the statistical analysis result confirm the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between the identified climatic factors and employees readiness in terms of the way employees believe in, feel about and act towards improvement. Supported by qualitative findings, the essential climatic factors were identified as being communication, participation, clear task roles and responsibility, and top management s trust in subordinates. Similarly, the influential climatic factors were identified as being efficacy, organisational trust, organisational trusts in top management and top management support and participation. It is concluded that employees readiness can be incrementally developed towards improvement success; however, the contextual conditions need to be recognised and well-tailored. The development of a novel conceptual framework and model demonstrates how employees multidimensional readiness can be triggered and influenced to support improvements in a complex and adaptive organisation.
34
Hurairah, Huraini. "Inclusive education and educational diversity : a study of Brunei Government schools". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ec1708ed-70d3-4160-a993-b266658dd9aa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Inclusive education is increasingly being accepted worldwide as the most appropriate means for the education of all children, including those with disabilities. The principle of inclusive education is based on the philosophy that mainstream educational provision should include all children and respond to individual needs. This, however, has profound implications for educators, education planners, and crucially teachers, as they are expected to be able to respond to increasingly diverse classrooms and schools. This research will examine how the Brunei Education system is attempting to respond to pupil diversity in terms of learning needs, by examining the views of policy makers, head teachers and teachers. This study focuses on the factors which have influenced the development of inclusion in Brunei, the different conceptualisations of needs, the practices which have been adopted and the views of those who are involved in shaping the Brunei education system’s attempt to respond to diverse learning needs in the mainstream education system. Data were generated through interviews, questionnaires, observations and analysis of official policies and documents. The research involved 14 Brunei Government Primary Education schools. The findings of the study indicated that responding to the needs of all children in the mainstream school is a complex challenge. There are several factors which have constrained the development of inclusion in Brunei, some of which are related to how the Brunei education system is structured and the constraints which operate at different levels within the education system. The findings suggest that inclusive education in Brunei is regarded as the integration of children with special educational needs into the mainstream education system and there is little consideration of how to respond to individual needs. There remains a high level of confusion and concern amongst stakeholders in the Ministry in this move to make the Brunei education system more inclusive.
35
Dato, Haji Metussin Halimatussaadah. "Corporatisation in the telecommunication industry : a case study from Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/346352/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For any organisation to survive, it needs to be able to change. Due to problems that most governments are facing such as inefficiency, some governments have sought for corporatisation of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Corporatisation means ‘efforts to make SOEs operate as if they were private firms facing a competitive market or if monopolies, efficient regulation’ (Shirley, 1999, p. 115). This is often conducted prior to privatisation. In contrast to the large quantity of literature concerning privatisation, little has been written on corporatisation. This research aims to fill this gap. One of the keys to organisational change is leadership. This study also aims to explore the behaviour of leaders in managing change. It seeks both to observe the approaches to change that leaders adopt, and to investigate what the corporatisation process involves, using activity theory as a theoretical lens. This research is based on a case study: the corporatisation process of Jabatan Telekom Brunei (JTB, which later became TelBru), a telecommunication organisation in one of the South-East Asian region, Brunei Darussalam. The official corporatisation of JTB took place in 2006. This research was conducted for four consecutive years, from 2009 until 2012. The findings are based on semi-structured interviews (eighty-eight interviews were conducted) supplemented with questionnaire and a substantial amount of documents related to the corporatisation, and are analysed using Miles and Huberman’s (1994) approach. The study identifies three distinct time periods: i) before the formation of TelBru; ii) the formation of TelBru (2002); iii) during the corporatisation period (2002-2006). Seven significant activities were found, all of which are described using the triangle Activity Model. The results of this research also provide empirical evidence that both top-down and bottom-up change approaches were adopted and overall, it was a slow change process characterised with both ‘snail’ (slow) and ‘rushing' (fast) change. Additionally, seven leadership behaviours have emerged from this research: Tasking, Supporter, Change Communicator, People Person, Change Preparator, Old McDonald, and Problem Maker. This study’s contributions to the research field, and other implications the findings may have, are also discussed.
36
Lampoh, Abdullah Awang. "Professional development of senior staff of secondary schools in Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/506ac74c-7e8d-4fff-9788-3c4c8b935a1d.
Testo completo
37
Abu, Bakar Muhammad. "Catalytic intermediate pyrolysis of Brunei rice husk for bio-oil production". Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/20899/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rice husks from Brunei were subjected via intermediate pyrolysis for bio-oil production. Two main objectives were set out for this study. The application of intermediate pyrolysis on Brunei rice husk for the production of bio-oil is the main objective of this experiment. Characterisation of the rice husks was inclusive as a pre-requisite step to assess the suitability as feedstock for production of liquid fuels. Following on from the characterisation results, a temperature of 450°C was established as the optimum temperature for the production of bio-oil. A homogenous bio-oil was obtained from the pyrolysis of dry rice husk, and the physicochemical properties and chemical compositions were analysed. The second objective is the introduction of catalysts into the pyrolysis process which aims to improve the bio-oil quality, and maximise the desired liquid bio-oil properties. The incorporation of the catalysts was done via a fixed tube reactor into the pyrolysis system. Ceramic monoliths were used as the catalyst support, with montmorillonite clay as a binder to attach the catalysts onto the catalyst support. ZSM-5, Al-MCM-41, Al-MSU-F and Brunei rice husk ash (BRHA) together with its combination were adopted as catalysts. Proposed criterions dictated the selection of the best catalysts, subsequently leading to the optimisation process for bio-oil production. ZSM-5/Al-MCM-41 proved the most desirable catalyst, which increases the production of aromatics and phenols, decreased the organic acids and improved the physicochemical properties such as the pH, viscosity, density and H:C molar ratios. Variation in the ratio and positioning of both catalysts were the significant key factor for the catalyst optimisation study.
38
Khalid, Madihah. "Enhancing the mathematical achievement of technical education students in Brunei Darussalam using a teaching and learning package". Thesis, Curtin University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2456.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mathematics plays a key role in many of today’s most secure and financially rewarding careers. In almost every sector of the economy, a substantial core of mathematics is needed to prepare students both for work and for higher education. The impact of computers and information technology in areas as diverse as manufacturing and advertising means that understanding mathematics becomes more important because it provides students with basic prerequisites in other useful areas such as problem-solving. Technical students in Brunei are trained with the skills needed in the world of industry and commerce to become competent workers and many of them continue to pursue higher education. They need the right balance of mathematics that can prepare them for both purposes. Considered to be academically weak, and coming from the system (high schools) whose teaching approaches benefit abstract learners, these students need to be motivated and have their interest in mathematics nurtured. This study is an attempt to improve the mathematical skills of technical students in Brunei by developing a teaching and learning package that can be used by mathematics instructors with their students. The package was designed to provide student-centred instruction and focuses on the learning environment aspects of “Teacher Support”, “Innovation”, “Cooperation”, “Task Orientation” and “Relevance”. These learning environment aspects were incorporated into each category of the ARCS motivational model (Keller, 1983b) for the purpose of enhancing motivation. It was anticipated that students’ mathematical understanding and attitude would be improved when their learning environment and thus their motivation was enhanced.When the package was implemented among a group of technical students, they experienced an approach to the teaching of mathematics that shifted from instruction fostering the procedures of practice and memorisation toward instruction that emphasised mathematical inquiry and conceptual understanding. Integrated curricula and cooperative learning techniques were used to link both the mathematics understanding of materials and their composition to the application of materials in the world of work. The use of technology to pursue mathematical investigations by way of learning aids was encouraged because the impact of technology on education today cannot be ignored. A group of students from two classes were involved in the implementation of the package to determine its effectiveness, for a duration of eight weeks. By applying the pre-experimental design methodology to the study, pre-test and post-test were used to measure students’ cognitive and affective changes. Mathematics proficiency in the categories of procedural skills, conceptual understanding and problem solving abilities were measured and examined by comparing students’ pre- and post-test results. Other forms of assessment such as projects and graded class-work (and homework) and also the communication that took place between the students during discussions were analysed to further validate their mathematical understanding. The learning environment and attitude factors mentioned were identified and validated through surveys, observations and interviews. A learning environment instrument called the College Classroom Environment Inventory (CCEI) was adapted for the purpose of measuring students’ perception of the learning environment.Another instrument named the Attitude Towards Mathematics survey was designed to measure students’ attitude towards mathematics. Both instruments were created, validated and then used to measure students’ affective changes (before and after package implementation) and thus evaluate the efficacy of the package. Besides the quantitative data obtained, the qualitative data from observations and interviews was used to confirm, explain and verify results. The results obtained from this study demonstrated students’ improved cognitive outcome in all areas of mathematical proficiency measured. As for the affective outcome, there were improvements in students’ perception of the classroom environment and also in the attitude category of “Importance” where more post-test than pre-test students agreed on the importance of mathematics in everyday life. The result also indicated associations between cognitive outcomes and a number of the learning environment scales. Students who experienced the package also demonstrated better mathematical understanding compared to those who did not. Students, instructors, curriculum developers and administrators should benefit from the results of this study. The study also provides a starting point for more research of this kind to be carried out for the benefit of technical students in Brunei in particular, and for mathematics students generally.
39
Nannestad, Charles Leif. "The Role Of Students: Perceptions In Modifying Science And Mathematics Classroom Activities". Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12448.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to provide teachers with a practical means to obtain timely indications of their students reactions to individual activities. Teachers could then modify their presentations of activities cognisant of those students perceptions. The study set out to establish a suitable instrument, and then to evaluate its use by classroom teachers.Five experienced science and mathematics teachers identified five characteristics of interest when considering students perceptions of classroom activities: Understand Content, Communication, Relevancy, Work Output, and Enjoyment. A fifteen-item instrument based upon these characteristics was developed for this study. The viability of the survey for use by busy classroom teachers was increased by the short and succinct format, as well as the provision of a computer graphing template to process and display responses. The combination of the survey and computer template is called the Students' Perceptions of an Activity Instrument and Display (SPAID).Teachers appreciated the provision of a structure to assist their reviewing the use of activities, and the rapidity with which the information was available. Students' responses provided timely support for teachers' decisions to engage classes in the activities and increased teachers' confidence in the worth of the activities. Alterations to activities were small in scale and idiosyncratic to the student cohorts. Teachers' use of the SPAID package was also noted to enhance cooperation with colleagues within the government secondary schools of Brunei Darussalam.
40
Salleh, Rohaniyati. "Critical success factors of project management for Brunei construction projects : improving project performance". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/38883/1/Rohaniyati_Salleh_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The problem of delays in the construction industry is a global phenomenon and the construction industry in Brunei Darussalam is no exception. The goal of all parties involved in construction projects – owners, contractors, engineers and consultants in either the public or private sector is to successfully complete the project on schedule, within planned budget, with the highest quality and in the safest manner. Construction projects are frequently influenced by either success factors that help project parties reach their goal as planned, or delay factors that stifle or postpone project completion.
The purpose of this research is to identify success and delay factors which can help project parties reach their intended goals with greater efficiency. This research extracted seven of the most important success factors according to the literature and seven of the most important delay factors identified by project parties, and then examined correlations between them to determine which were the most influential in preventing project delays.
This research uses a comprehensive literature review to design and conduct a survey to investigate success and delay factors and then obtain a consensus of expert opinion using the Delphi methodology to rank the most needed critical success factors for Brunei construction projects. A specific survey was distributed to owners, contractors and engineers to examine the most critical delay factors. A general survey was distributed to examine the correlation between the identified delay factors and the seven most important critical success factors selected. A consensus of expert opinion using the Delphi methodology was used to rank the most needed critical success factors for Brunei building construction.
Data was collected and evaluated by statistical methods to identify the most significant causes of delay and to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between critical success factors and delay factors in order to examine project parties’ evaluation of projects’ critical success and delay factors, and to evaluate the influence of critical success factors on critical delay factors.
A relative importance index has been used to determine the relative importance of the various causes of delays. A one and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to examine how the group or groups evaluated the influence of the critical success factors in avoiding or preventing each of the delay factors, and which success factors were perceived as most influential in avoiding or preventing critical delay factors. Finally the Delphi method, using consensus from an expert panel, was employed to identify the seven most critical success factors used to avoid the delay factors, and thereby improve project performance.
41
Karim, Haji Suhaimi bin Haji Abdul. "Towards an integrated information system for a public organisation in Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7526.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Information systems, by nature, are open to interpretation from a number of viewpoints. This thesis emphasizes that information systems are not 'technical' systems that have behavioural and social consequences, they are 'social systems' that rely to an increasing extent on information technology for their functions. Hence any systems development methodologies used cannot deal simply with the problem of how one designs technically reliable and cost effective information systems. Instead it regards systems development as an example of multidimensional social change, the application of technology may not be a desirable solution to the situation. The choice of a development methodology should therefore take into account its sensitivity to the cultural, social, and political aspects of systems design. The aims of the thesis are three-fold. The first aim is to transform an idea or perception of needs into actionable drivers for change in a public sector organisation in Brunei Darussalam. The second aim is to identify and diagnose the problems associated with the management of information. Finally, the study aims to identify a suitable methodology that can be used to investigate a number of organisational issues. This work incorporates a practical case study of a problem situation at the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the sole government agency responsible for perpetuating and disseminating Islamic teaching in Brunei Darussalam. The methodology used to investigate the problem situation is Checkland's Soft System Methodology (SSM). This is well chosen as the case study deals with human activity systems that are not well defined. Systems intervention via a semi-structured and informal discussion interviews were used to identify the unstructured problem situation (stage 1) of the SSM. The SSM progressed through to the recommendation of actions that constitute culturally feasible and desirable change. In fact, although manual systems are less efficient and effective than their computer-based counterparts, they are preferred in the first instance. Only when the manual system has reached maturity should a computer-based replacement be considered.
42
Basir, Naemah Haji. "A study of motivation and job satisfaction in the Brunei Civil Service". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30736.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the inadequacies of the theories of motivation and job satisfaction. It argues that the current motivation and job satisfaction theories are culturally biased and more suitable for individualist that collectivist cultures. In addition, they tend to downplay the effects of organisational structure on motivation and job satisfaction. Through a literature review, the author illustrates how and why the application of the need, process, intrinsic and extrinsic theories of motivation in the collectivist cultures is problematic. In addition, she examines the roles of organisational structure and design in influencing motivation and job satisfaction and argues that the way an organisation is structured can have an impact on employee's motivation and job satisfaction. To strengthen her arguments, she has used empirical evidence from the study of motivation and job satisfaction among the Brunei Civil Servants. The thesis also assesses the suitability of Western measurements of motivation and job satisfaction more specifically the Job Diagnostic Survey and Job Design Index, and their possible applicability in Brunei. The findings suggest that the applicability of these instruments in the Bruneian cultural context is very limited.
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Khalid, Omar Haji. "Special needs in inclusive schools in Brunei Darussalam : perceptions, concerns and practices". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365478.
Testo completo
44
Swain, Nicholas David. "The foreign policy of small states: a comparison of Bhutan and Brunei". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950061.
Testo completo
45
Pendry, Colin A. "Ecological studies on rain forests at three altitudes on Bukit Belalong, Brunei". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3502.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Altitudinal zonation of rain forests was investigated on Bukit Belalong (913m), Brunei. Mean annual rainfall was 4100mm at 45m and 5500mm at 913m. Mean annual temperatureswere 25.7°C (45m) and 21.8°C (913m). Three 0.25ha plots were set up at each of three altitudes. At 200m and 500m there was evergreen lowland rain forest and at 850m there was lower montane rain forest (LMRF). The Dipterocarpaceae had the highest proportion of basal area throughout, but their importance declined in the LMRF where the Fagaceae, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae were increasingly important. Soils in the LMRF were more organic and had higher concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus and the soils from 500m were the most acid and least base saturated. Rates of nitrogen mineralisation and soil concentrations of inorganic nitrogen did not differ significantly among altitudes. The rates (t ha-1 yr-1) of total small litterfall and leaf litterfall were significantly lower in the LMRF (10.6 and 7.9 at 200m; 10.5 and 7.9 at 500m; 8.3 and 6.0 at 850m). Litterfall nutrient concentrations were similar among altitudes, but smaller quantities of litterfall nutrients were cycled at 850m. The mass (t ha-1) of the small litter layer was similar throughout (5.2 at 200m; 6.1 at 500m; 5.2 at 850m) but leaf litter kL values were lower at 850m (2.4 at 200m; 2.4 at 500m; 2.0 at 850m). Fine root (<5mm) mass (t ha-1) in the top 100cm of soil was 8.3 (200m); 12.0 (500m); 10.6 (850m). Rates (t ha-1 yr-1) of fine root growth (estimated by ingrowth bags) were 0.9 (200m); 2.2 (500m); 0.5 (850m). A bioassay experiment using rice was made at 30m and 913m. Nutrients were more limiting in the montane soil, but climate was of overriding importance for rice growth. It seems that the LMRF is not nutrient limited and the lower temperatures at 850m are the primary cause of the change in species composition and reduction of stature there.
46
Nordiana, Zakir. "The impact of educational change processes in Brunei preschools : an interpretive study". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21197/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The overall aim of this research is to understand the change processes in teaching and learning that are going on in the Brunei government’s preschools. The study also aims to find out the Bruneian preschool teachers’ and children’s teaching and learning experiences in the preschool classes at this exciting and challenging time of curriculum reform. The study also observed how teachers are developing their lessons and implementing reform processes informed by the expected pedagogical practice, and how children are learning in class, taking into account their experiences. A further aim of this study is to find out, at the ministerial level (the Early Childhood Care and Education Unit and the Curriculum Department Unit), the expectations in terms of the change processes as these occur, and how the preschool teachers are supported. To achieve the aims, 123 teachers completed the questionnaire, four teachers and eight children were involved in observations and interviews, and two senior education officers were interviewed. The Brunei education policy has good intentions of trying to bring in different ideas but the journey from policy to practice is not a linear process. This study showed there are dislocations between how policy is conceptualised and how policy is enacted in ECCE settings; in particular there are specific actions that need to happen at the macro, meso and micro levels. There are certain change processes that need to happen for the policy-practice interface to be more coherent. This study aims to understand the layers of complexity involved in the change processes prescribed for the Brunei preschool education system. No curriculum reform can succeed without teachers’ input and their active constructive participation. The issue is not simply about changing the curriculum or transforming the education landscape at preschools in Brunei; it also involves teachers’ modes of thinking, their communicative approaches and their professional identities.
47
Jait, Adam. "Government e-services delivery requires citizens awareness : the case of Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9447.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines citizens awareness and usage of government e-services. Governments use Web-based Internet applications to enhance their citizens access to government services. However, in a case study in Brunei Darussalam, it was found that the government s initiative in providing e-services in last few years has not been as successful as it could have been as the services have not been citizen-centric. This was due to the availability of e-services being unknown amongst the citizens and that a silo-based approach existed for each government ministry. One notable finding was that although the ICT literacy of Brunei citizens has rapidly improved, this has not been reflected in the citizens interaction with government. There are several challenges for citizens awareness and use of government e-services that occur on e-government initiatives. Failure in managing such problems, results in a high probability of these services becoming a white elephant , with inefficiency, wastefulness and cost overruns on e-government projects. E-government management agencies still do not have an organized citizens awareness strategy approach to managing knowledge in e-government initiatives. The proposed Government e Services Citizens Awareness Strategy (GeS-CAS) framework, incorporating communication, management and education strategies, can effectively be used to enable e-government agencies to deal with e-government projects problems and risks in an organised and efficient way. It is concluded that e-government initiatives management can be improved if the knowledge dimensions of the problems are well understood and are conveyed to the right people, at the right time and the right place, and are appropriately managed. This research has developed an integrated citizens awareness strategy Knowledge Management framework that provides a structured approach to achieving this which is easy to understand and put in to practice by e-government agencies, and can be used to solve citizen awareness problems, explore opportunities and make decisions.
48
Omar, Sarinah Binti. "Sungai Liang Industrial Park (SPARK) : can Brunei achieve its sustainable industrial development?" Thesis, University of Hull, 2014. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11495.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As Brunei is moving towards the diversification of its economy away from an overdependence on the oil and gas industry, the country is now putting much effort into developing additional industrial activities. At the same time, the country is also committed to develop sustainably without putting pressure on the environment and without harming the population. The SPARK project development in the petrochemical industry is one of the diversification efforts carried out by Brunei by adding value to the main economic sources i.e. oil and gas. Because developing sustainably is also important in line with the importance of diversifying the economy, this research investigates the issues involved in developing the SPARK, and to find out whether this economic diversification effort by Brunei can be developed economically, while making sure that the environment is protected and that the health and safety of the population is still prioritised. A range of methods of data collection were employed during the study, which include 1) an initial exploratory forum and meeting; 2) direct observation of the industrial area and the surrounding areas; 3) site visits to the industrial park; 4) questionnaire interviews with the local communities living near to the development; 5) formal in-depth and semi-structured interviews with the project proponent of the petrochemical industry, government officials and village heads; and 6) secondary sources using EIS of the SPARK project, SLA’s reports, investment incentives booklets for FDI to Brunei were also used for references and other unpublished information about SPARK from internal presentations. Data collected during the fieldwork were analysed qualitatively in order to find themes in the study. Based upon the data analysis, it can be said that more challenges than benefits are posed from the socio-economic impacts of petrochemical development at SPARK. The main challenges are 1) the development may require a long period to receive back revenues because of the small GDP contribution from the industrial project, the lengthy tax holiday, and high level of government subsidies; 2) little benefit from spin-off activities; 3) substantial competition from other petrochemical industries in the ASEAN states; and 4) possible impacts upon the health and safety of the local communities and industrial workers. There is also a minimal level of awareness and understanding about SPARK as well as a low level of public participation in the development project. In addition, there are differing priorities of various stakeholders at and around the industrial area which leads to the occurrence of some conflict over resources present at SPARK such as conflict over priorities and the space surrounding the industrial area as well as disputes over the opinions regarding the impacts from the project. To date, there are no serious environmental impacts that are occurring at and around SPARK. However, there is potential for the development to affect the local population and the environment near to it as there is a likelihood of emissions of environmental pollutants, presence of vibration or noise pollution, risk of industrial accidents from the handling and storage of petrochemicals. This is exacerbated by the lack of competence of an environmental agency to manage and monitor SPARK and also up until now there is an absence of environmental law in Brunei.
49
Ladi, Hj Supry Hj Ag. "Geographical information systems coupled prediction modelling of road traffic accidents in Brunei". Thesis, University of East London, 2006. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3402/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The analysis of road accident data has led to the development of a number of prediction models to allow testing of road improvement schemes. However, the advances in Information Technology and particularly within the field of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has enabled it to be linked with applied sciences such as Fluid Mechanics, Highway Design and Traffic Engineering to create a "loosely" to "tightly coupled" GISbased system. Such a system allows correction and simulation tasks to be performed whenever necessary. This approach has been applied to the problem in Brunei where they are at the initial stage towards realising the importance of road-safety research. This work has been proved to contribute tangible benefits for the Brunei road safety authorities. ArcGIS software was used to produce clusters of road accidents along a road and create a road accident database linked with the Brunei road network which form the initial stage of this research. The research develops a new 'Modified Voronoi Process' (MVP) for the identification of accident hotspots along a road. This technique uses a combination of GIS functionalities with Microsoft Excel software. The establishment of a Hotspot Zone dimension (HZD) within the MVP is creative and is very beneficial for Brunei road safety authorities and other researchers. The technique incorporates Brunei road accident hotspot definition established by the author. The final outcome of this research is the development of a GIS-based Road Accident Prediction System and is an innovation and enhancement to the world of road accident prediction system and particularly in Brunei. The system incorporates an external prediction model, which is "tightly coupled" or integrated with a GIS. The coupling enables the prediction to be carried out on a single platform for easy input and computation. The system was tested using accident data acquired from manually recorded 24-hour police reports and statistical software used to analyse the sensitivity of accident locations. The system was also used for a sensitivity analysis of the application of the United States Federal Highway Agency (USFHA) prediction model on a segment of road in Brunei.
50
Haji, Said Thuraya F. "Implementing performance management in Brunei : a case study of public sector reform". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/809702/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines the implementation of performance management (PM) in the Brunei public sector within the context of debates about new public management, bureaucracy and post-bureaucracy. Although Brunei opted for such reform to modernise and improve its public-sector performance, in the literature there appear to be differences between the rhetoric and realities of adopting PM and this brings into question the extent to which the sector is moving towards post-bureaucracy. This study draws on institutional theory as its theoretical lens. In order to address questions intended to explain the ways in which PM has been used as part of Brunei public sector reform, a qualitative approach was adopted. Five government ministries and departments where PM tools, such as strategic plans, balanced scorecards and performance indicators, had been implemented since the government introduced the National Strategic Alignment Programme in 2003 were selected as case organisations. Eighty interviews and informal observations were conducted and then analysed using a thematic approach to provide insights into how the implementation of PM was experienced and perceived by participants involved in the process. Through cross-case analysis, this study evaluated the responses to PM that are specific to the Brunei context, showing the influence of institutional factors such as national culture or existing institutions. As an outcome of the empirical analysis, a theoretical framework emerged which explains the difference between the rhetoric and reality of the post-bureaucratic context of reform and illuminates the intertwining of change and stability. In particular, concepts of institutional entrepreneurship/work, path dependency and translation from institutional theory that take into account the role of human agency in change processes, or the paradox of embedded agency, were drawn on in the development of the framework. This study thus makes a contribution to institutional theory. The findings show that, despite there being strategic acquiescence to PM in the case organisations, they were not deeply affected by the practice which led to PM appearing rhetorical, mainly in order to gain legitimacy. Instead, the findings show evidence of decoupling of PM from existing institutions and practices and also a translation of the PM practice which led to strategic resistance to PM and institutional maintenance of bureaucracy. PM in the Brunei public sector was mainly influenced by path-dependency factors and this in turn influenced the translation of PM by embedded actors resulting in PM being shaped according to existing cultural norms. For instance, there was a persistence of bureaucratic culture that caused interviewees to frame PM in terms of compliance to hierarchical authority rather than as a means of improving performance, in contrast to the ideas of post-bureaucracy. This shows that the influence of existing practice was stronger than the influence of the principles of PM. Therefore, this study provides insights into the roles of change and stability in the PM implementation process leading to institutional maintenance in Brunei, as well as insights into the existence of the contradictions between the rhetoric and realities of post-bureaucratic reform.