Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Brûleur pour carburant liquide"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Brûleur pour carburant liquide":
Eyebiyi, Elieth. "Étudier l’État à partir de l’informalité. Répression et résistances autour du commerce informel de carburant1". Lien social et Politiques, n. 76 (18 luglio 2016): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037066ar.
Tesi sul tema "Brûleur pour carburant liquide":
Barrellon-Vernay, Rafaël. "Mécanismes de nucléation des particules volatiles dans les émissions des moteurs d'avions et leurs liens avec la composition du carburant". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2023/2023ULILR059.pdf.
One of the actual concerns of the aviation industry is to reduce fuel consumption and environmental footprint. Indeed, aviation emissions impact air quality in and around airports. As other transport sectors, aviation effluents need to be addressed to reduce greenhouse gases contribution (2% of these emissions are related to air transport worldwide), volatile and non-volatile Particulate Matter (vPM and nvPM) and indirect impact as condensation trails.To reduce these emissions, different approaches have been investigated, in particular the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF). Aims of SAF are to decrease the net CO2 emissions and nvPM. However, combustion of these fuels may lead to new pollutants that can react with atmosphere by formation of secondary aerosols. As part of the UNREAL project (Unveiling Nucleation mechanism in aiRcraft Engine exhAust and its Link with fuel composition), the objective of this work was to study the different molecular mechanisms of new particle formation from the exhausts of aircraft engines fed by fuels with different composition, from the standard Jet A-1 to 100 % SAF fuel.The physicochemical characterisation of the particulate emissions from aircraft engines in real conditions is challenging both from the technical and economical point of view. Thus, a mini-CAST burner, suitable for the combustion of aeronautic liquid fuels, has been used as an alternative to obtain emissions comparable to some extent to those from aircraft engines. A decrease in nvPM emissions (number concentration, mass concentration and size distribution) can be observed in correlation with the quantity of aromatic compounds in the fuel. Moreover, the analysis by mass spectrometry revealed a decrease in the relative intensity of PAHs when alternative fuels were employed . Emissions from the burner have been injected, with and without soot filtration, into an atmospheric chamber for ageing (CESAM chamber reproducing atmospheric conditions at ground level - LISA). For all fuels tested formation of vPM by homogeneous nucleation has been observed in the atmospheric chamber in absence of nvPM. This phenomenon is particularly highlighted for fuels with high amounts of sulphur in their compositions. However, in real cases (presence of soot), the formation of vPM is only observed for the fuels containing high amounts of sulphur. The concentration of gaseous precursors formed for other fuels was not enough to produce vPM after being adsorbed on soot surface (heterogeneous nucleation). On-line characterisation techniques were completed by filter sampling and off-line mass spectrometry analysis, highlighting the presence of PAHs, oxygenated hydrocarbons, sulphur and nitrogen compounds. By employing semi-quantitative methods, it was possible to link the relative chemical composition (sulphur and PAH relative intensity) with vPM formation and their repartitions in particulate and gaseous phases
Cheneau, Benoit. "Étude numérique de la dynamique de combustion dans un brûleur diphasique turbulent à deux étages". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC021.
The increasingly stringent environmental standards imposed on air transport are pushing manufacturers to upgrade the existing combustion chambers. To reduce pollutant emissions, lean, premixed and pre-evaporated combustion is an interesting alternative. This technology, however, can lead to a less stable flame and can generate combustion instabilities harmful to the engine. In order to improve control over such combustion systems, multi-stage burners provide additional flexibility through the distribution of fuel between the different injection systems, and thus influence the position of the flame or the burning regime. The BIMER experimental bench has been specially developed in the EM2C laboratory to study this solution. It has been designed to be representative of a real aviation engine and to reproduce its essential characteristics : a two-stage configuration, preheated air and liquid fuel are used. It nevertheless operates at atmospheric pressure and develops a high thermal power at the laboratory scale. The burner consists of two radial swirlers : the pilot stage in which the liquid fuel is injected in the form of a hollow cone, and the multipoint stage where the mixture of fuel and air is favored by a multipoint injection, thanks to ten jets of fuel injected transversely to the air flow. Experimental studies have shown the key role of the fuel distribution, and without modifying the power developed, the existence of a hysteresis cycle : several archetypes of flames can be stabilized, depending on the flow, spray or history of the flame. The objective of this thesis is to complete the experimental data and understanding of poor, premixed and pre-vaporized flame stabilization processes in staged burner using two-phase reactive large-eddy simulations. This numerical approach is applied to the BIMER bench with the AVBP code. Successive simulations, ranging from pure pilot injection to purely multipoint injection, and vice versa, have made it possible to trace the hysteresis cycle observed experimentally. An original tri-stable operating point was encountered numerically for fuel injection cases in the pilot stage alone, with three distinct flame shapes being observed for this single injection condition. The comparison to the experimental results for the operating points for which validation data are available shows a good agreement between the calculation and the experiment for different stages. An original analysis in the composition space shows the combustion regimes observed in these three cases, confirming the different stabilization scenarios. The two transitions of flame shapes observed experimentally are finally presented and analyzed
Sanjose, Marlène. "EVALUATION DE LA METHODE EULER-EULER POUR LA SIMULATION AUX GRANDES ECHELLES DES CHAMBRES A CARBURANT LIQUIDE". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451199.
Sanjosé, Marlène. "Evaluation de la méthode Euler-Euler pour la simulation aux grandes échelles des chambres à carburant liquide". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT066H/document.
Aeronautical gas turbines are facing growing demands on emission reductions. Indeed, the quality of the air-fuel mixture directly triggers the formation of pollutants degrading the environment. Large Eddy Simulation is an accurate numerical method to predict turbulent mixing in combustors. Adding the liquid phase of the fuel in these simulations also becomes necessary to properly predict the injection process and the vaporization of the fuel in the combustion chamber. The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of Euler-Euler LES in a complex combustor configuration. The injection and vaporization processes of the fuel liquid phase are both modeled in the present LES as they drive the formation of the fuel gas phase. Moreover, the numerical methods that solve the continuous equations of the disperse phase must be accurate and robust in realistic combustor configurations. The simulations shown in the present study reproduce the non-reactive two-phase flow of the ONERA Mercato test bench. The experimental set-up is equipped with an air-swirler injection system and a pressure-swirled atomizer typical of actual turboengine combustors. In the present work the FIM-UR liquid injection model has been developed. It creates boundary conditions profiles for a liquid spray produced by a pressure-swirled atomizer. Kerosene used in the experiments is modeled in the present numerical simulations by a single species leading to a good estimate of the vaporization rate. Three numerical strategies have been tested on the Mercato configuration. Comparisons between experimental and LES results help defining the most accurate numerical strategy. The use of the centered numerical scheme TTGC stabilized by a localized artificial viscosity operator is best when the random uncorrelated energy of droplets is also resolved. Unlike an upwind numerical scheme, the selected strategy allows the user to control where and how much artificial viscosity is added. The source terms coming from the mesoscopic movement redistribute the energy in the compression or expanding zones of the disperse phase, and provide the proper distribution of fluctuations in the combustion chamber. The obtained strategy is compared with the statistics provided by a Lagrangian description of the liquid spray in the same mono-disperse injection. The Euler-Euler approach leads to the same accuracy in the same spray dynamics of the disperse phase as in the Euler-Lagrange method. Both unsteady flow simulations also provide the same dispersion and mixing processes in the Mercato set-up. Differences on the mean diameter and the fuel distribution in the combustion chamber are seen and related to the local poly-dispersion that cannot be resolved in the mono-disperse Euler-Euler approach and that naturally appear in the Euler-Lagrange method despite the mono-disperse injection
Añez, Javier. "Modélisation de l'injection de pétrole pour les procédés FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking)". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR132/document.
This PhD is a joint venture between VINCI Technologies and the CNRS Laboratory CORIA. For its application, VINCI Technologies, developed mainly oil-related equipments and in particular injection/atomization systems. Some of these injectors are characterized by a very big geometrical dimensions (several meters long), that leads to very high Reynolds and Weber number. In addition, many injectors incorporate an internal mixing zone, in which liquid and gas phases are both present in a significant proportion. Consequently, this zone belongs to the dense two-phase flow category. To simulate the liquid dispersion and to characterize the spray formation special from these injectors, appropriate models are required. On its side, the CORIA team, has developed a suitable approach, so-called ELSA, based on the pioneering work of Borghi and Vallet [1, 2]. Key points of this approach are the liquid dispersion that can be associated to the turbulent liquid flux and the amount of liquid-gas surface that can be used to determine eventually the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the spray. During this PhD, the applications proposed by V INCI Technologies, have promoted a review of a large part of the multiphase flow approaches to find the more appropriate for each case. This has been the opportunity to clarify the range of application of each approach, and therefore stress the necessity to develop coupled approaches, in order to cover the proposed application in the most suitable way. In particular, this manuscript reports, in one hand, the theoretical development of the ELSA family models, and on the other hand, the corresponding industrial approximations. Since ELSA approaches are originally developed for RANS simulation of the dense zone, it has been extended to LES description. The link of this approach to the DNS¡ ICM approach, has been studied with a special care. The resulting proposed solver, switches dynamically from ICM to subgrid spray, through the ELSA concept, and thanks to resolution based indicator (IRQ). On the opposite side, once the dispersed spray is formed, the ELSA approach is coupled to multiphase flow method, that aims to determine the spray distribution through the WBE equation. This later equation, is solved with an original hybrid Euler-Lagrange method. The purpose is to solve the WBE equation with a Lagrange stochastic approach, and at the same time, preserving the compatibility to the Euler description of two-phase flow, based on ELSA, to benefit from both approaches. This coupled approach has been tested against academic experimental data coming from ECN research initiative, a combined DNS and experimental measurement of dispersed spray on a Diesel jet, and under an air-blast atomizer numerical test case, for which the mean liquid volume fraction has been measured. Eventually, these developed approaches have been applied to industrial application showing there robustness and their capacity to help in the process of design development of new injectors